An immersion battery thermal management enclosure with tapered nozzle heat sink baffles

Abstract

The application discloses an immersion battery heat management box with a heat dissipation baffle with a tapered nozzle, which mainly comprises a shell, a cover plate, a baffle, a preheating device, a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid outlet pipe and a wiring port. When working, the cooling liquid enters the heat management box containing the battery from the liquid inlet pipe. On one hand, the cooling liquid is forced to flow along the flow channel, so that the heat generated by the battery is taken away with the flow of the cooling liquid. On the other hand, the cooling liquid also passes through the baffle from the nozzle and is sprayed on the battery, thereby expanding the heat dissipation area of the battery and taking away the heat faster. Finally, the cooling liquid flows out of the liquid outlet pipe with the heat of the battery in the tortuous flow channel. When the outside is cold and the working temperature of the battery needs to be improved, the preheating device can be used to heat the cooling liquid entering the box, thereby improving the basic temperature of the internal battery, improving the working environment of the battery and prolonging the service life of the battery. The application also has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and easy implementation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery thermal management technology, and more particularly to an immersion battery thermal management enclosure with a heat dissipation baffle plate with tapered nozzles. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main battery thermal management technologies used in the industry include air cooling, liquid cooling, phase change material cooling, and heat pipe cooling. Among these, liquid cooling has developed the fastest, allowing the power battery to come into direct or indirect contact with the coolant and absorb the heat generated by the battery through convection heat transfer. Single-phase immersion liquid cooling technology, in particular, has seen rapid development due to its excellent cooling performance, uniform temperature control, and high safety.

[0003] Despite the significant advantages of single-phase immersion liquid cooling, several challenges remain in practical engineering applications. Traditional single-phase immersion liquid cooling systems mostly employ simple parallel flow channels or conventional baffle structures. Parallel flow channels have low flow velocities, easily forming thick and difficult-to-break stagnant liquid thermal boundary layers on the large heating surfaces of the battery, significantly increasing convective heat transfer resistance. While conventional baffles increase fluid turbulence, they often create stagnant heat dissipation dead zones on the leeward side of the baffle, leading to localized overheating of the battery. Furthermore, for cold starts in extremely cold environments, traditional built-in heating pad solutions are prone to causing thermal stress cracking or deformation and leakage in the non-metallic insulating enclosure due to excessive local temperature differences. Therefore, to further overcome the heat transfer limits of immersion cooling technology while ensuring the safety of preheating in extremely cold environments, reconstructing the flow channel structure and optimizing the preheating logic is a necessary measure.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies need further improvement and refinement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an immersion battery thermal management box with a heat dissipation baffle plate with a tapered nozzle.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: An immersion battery thermal management enclosure with a heat dissipation baffle plate featuring a tapered nozzle mainly includes an outer shell, a cover plate, a baffle plate, a preheating device, an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, and a wiring port.

[0007] Specifically, the outer casing adopts a cuboid structure design with an internal hollow structure and an opening at the top for placing the battery. Several baffles are arranged inside the casing, dividing the interior into tortuous flow channels for coolant. The baffles also have several nozzles for coolant to pass through. A cover plate is installed on the top of the casing and fixedly connected to it. One side of the casing has an inlet, and the other side has an outlet. One end of the inlet pipe is installed on the inlet, and the other end is connected to an external coolant supply device. One end of the outlet pipe is connected to the outlet, and the other end is connected to the external coolant supply device. A preheating device is installed on the inlet pipe to increase the base temperature of the coolant. A wiring port is located on the cover plate, through which wires are electrically connected to the battery inside the casing.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adjacent baffles are installed at intervals and in a staggered manner, so that the tortuous flow channel inside the casing has a serpentine structure. Several batteries are also installed in the flow channel in a staggered manner along with the baffles, and space is left between the batteries and the baffles, and between the batteries and the inner wall of the casing, for coolant to flow through.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle adopts a tapered or funnel-shaped structure design, and the orifice diameter or opening area on the side of the nozzle near the liquid inlet is larger than that on the other side.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top of the baffle plate abuts against the cover plate, the bottom is fixed to the bottom of the outer shell, one side is fixed to one side of the inner wall of the outer shell, and a space is left between the other side and the other side of the inner wall of the outer shell for coolant to flow through.

[0011] Furthermore, the preheating device mainly includes a heating wire, a controller, and an insulation layer. The heating wire is wound around the liquid inlet pipe and electrically connected to the controller. The insulation layer covers and wraps around the heating wire. The controller controls the base temperature of the coolant entering the tank by controlling the heating time of the heating wire.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the batteries inside the casing are interconnected by wires, which then pass through wiring ports on the cover and connect to the outside. A first sealing ring is provided between the wiring port and the wires for sealing and fixing.

[0013] Furthermore, flanges extend outward from the perimeter of the outer casing opening. The flanges are integrally formed with the outer casing. The cover plate is fixedly connected to the flanges by bolts.

[0014] Furthermore, a second sealing ring is provided between the flange and the cover plate. The second sealing ring is arranged around the opening of the outer casing to achieve a sealed connection between the cover plate and the outer casing.

[0015] Furthermore, a third sealing ring is provided between the liquid inlet and the liquid inlet pipe, and between the liquid outlet and the liquid outlet pipe. The third sealing ring is an O-ring.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coolant is an electronic fluorinated liquid or transformer oil.

[0017] The working process and principle of this invention are as follows: During operation, coolant enters the thermal management chamber containing the battery through the inlet pipe. Several baffles are staggered within the chamber, dividing the internal space into tortuous flow channels. The coolant is forced to flow along these channels. Since the battery is also staggered with the baffles, it is located within the flow channels, thus the heat generated by the battery is carried away by the coolant flow. Furthermore, because the nozzles are located on the baffles, the coolant passes through the nozzles and is sprayed onto the battery. Since the nozzles are funnel-shaped or tapered, the coolant is sprayed or impacted onto the battery surface at a high speed, thereby increasing the battery's heat dissipation area and carrying away heat more quickly. Finally, the coolant, carrying the battery's heat, flows out through the outlet pipe within the tortuous flow channels. When the external environment is cold and it is necessary to increase the battery's operating temperature, a preheating device can be used to heat the coolant entering the chamber, thereby increasing the base temperature of the internal battery, improving the battery's operating environment, and extending its service life. This invention also has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, and ease of implementation.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention also has the following advantages: 1. The immersion battery thermal management box with a heat dissipation baffle plate and tapered nozzle provided by this invention breaks through the flow rate bottleneck of traditional single-phase liquid cooling. Through the synergistic effect of the staggered baffle plate and tapered nozzle, the coolant pressure is efficiently converted into jet impact kinetic energy. The high-speed jet directly compresses the thermal boundary layer on the battery surface and completely eliminates the heat dissipation dead zone of the baffle plate wake, multiplying the local convective heat transfer coefficient and significantly improving the temperature uniformity of high-energy-density batteries.

[0019] 2. The immersion battery thermal management enclosure with a heat dissipation baffle plate featuring a tapered nozzle provided by this invention employs an external pipeline online preheating scheme, completely isolating the high-temperature heat-generating core from the insulating enclosure in physical space. This avoids the risk of thermal stress damage and leakage to the acrylic or engineering plastic enclosure caused by localized high temperatures, while achieving extremely uniform and gentle fluid immersion preheating of the battery module.

[0020] 3. The immersion battery thermal management box with a heat dissipation baffle plate featuring a tapered nozzle provided by this invention adopts an electrode-top placement combined with a bottom pure flow channel design, achieving perfect physical isolation between electrical connections and fluid distribution, greatly reducing the risk of leakage and short circuits. Simultaneously, the inlet and outlet employ an end-face O-ring compression sealing scheme, completely eliminating radial expansion stress and ensuring absolute sealing for long-term equipment operation.

[0021] 4. The immersion battery thermal management box with a heat dissipation baffle plate with a tapered nozzle provided by the present invention benefits from the full immersion of insulating liquids such as electronic fluorinated liquid. When a single battery cell faces the risk of thermal runaway, the dense liquid environment can isolate oxygen and dissipate the ultimate heat by relying on the rapid latent heat absorption capacity of the liquid, thereby completely blocking the spread of heat and realizing the intrinsic safety of the power battery system. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the immersion battery thermal management box with a heat dissipation baffle plate with a tapered nozzle provided by the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the immersion battery thermal management box with a heat dissipation baffle plate with a tapered nozzle provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation positions and structures of several baffles provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the immersion battery thermal management box with a heat dissipation baffle plate with a tapered nozzle provided by the present invention.

[0026] Explanation of the reference numerals in the above figures: 1-Outer shell, 2-Preheating device, 3-Inlet pipe, 4-Outlet, 5-Wiring port, 6-Bolt, 7-Baffle plate, 8-Battery, 9-Nozzle, 10-Cover plate. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer and more explicit, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Example 1

[0028] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment discloses an immersion battery thermal management box with a heat dissipation baffle plate with a tapered nozzle, which mainly includes a shell 1, a cover plate 10, a baffle plate 7, a preheating device 2, an inlet pipe 3, an outlet pipe, and a wiring port 5.

[0029] Specifically, the outer casing 1 adopts a cuboid structure design with a hollow interior and an opening at the top for placing the battery 8. Several baffles 7 are disposed inside the outer casing 1, dividing the interior into tortuous channels for coolant flow. Several nozzles 9 are also provided on the baffles 7 for coolant to pass through. The cover plate 10 is installed on the top of the outer casing 1 and fixedly connected to it. One side of the outer casing 1 has an inlet, and the other side has an outlet 4. One end of the inlet pipe 3 is installed on the inlet, and the other end is connected to an external coolant supply device. One end of the outlet pipe is connected to the outlet 4, and the other end is connected to the external coolant supply device. The preheating device 2 is installed on the inlet pipe 3 to increase the base temperature of the coolant. The wiring port 5 is located on the cover plate 10, and the wires are electrically connected to the battery 8 inside the casing through this port.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adjacent baffles 7 are spaced apart and staggered, so that the tortuous flow channel inside the housing 1 has a serpentine structure. Several batteries 8 are also staggered and installed in the flow channel along with the baffles 7, and space is left between the batteries 8 and the baffles 7, and between the batteries 8 and the inner wall of the housing 1, for coolant to flow through.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle 9 adopts a tapered or funnel-shaped structure design, and the aperture or opening area of ​​the side of the nozzle 9 near the liquid inlet is larger than that of the other side.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the top of the baffle 7 abuts against the cover plate 10, the bottom is fixed to the bottom of the outer shell 1, one side is fixed to one side of the inner wall of the outer shell 1, and a space is left between the other side and the other side of the inner wall of the outer shell 1 for coolant to flow through.

[0033] Furthermore, the preheating device 2 mainly includes a heating wire, a controller, and an insulation layer. The heating wire is wound around the liquid inlet pipe 3 and electrically connected to the controller. The insulation layer covers and wraps around the heating wire. The controller controls the base temperature of the coolant entering the tank by controlling the heating time of the heating wire.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the batteries 8 inside the casing are interconnected by wires, which then pass through the wiring port 5 on the cover plate 10 and connect to the outside. A first sealing ring is provided between the wiring port 5 and the wires for sealing and fixing.

[0035] Furthermore, flanges extend outward from the perimeter of the opening of the outer casing 1. The flanges are integrally formed with the outer casing 1. The cover plate 10 is fixedly connected to the flanges by bolts 6.

[0036] Furthermore, a second sealing ring is provided between the flange and the cover plate 10. The second sealing ring is arranged around the opening of the outer casing 1 to achieve a sealed connection between the cover plate 10 and the outer casing 1.

[0037] Furthermore, a third sealing ring is provided between the liquid inlet and the liquid inlet pipe 3, and between the liquid outlet 4 and the liquid outlet pipe. The third sealing ring is an O-ring.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coolant is an electronic fluorinated liquid or transformer oil.

[0039] The working process and principle of this invention are as follows: During operation, coolant enters the thermal management box containing the battery 8 through the inlet pipe 3. Because several baffles 7 are staggered and installed inside the box, these baffles divide the internal space into tortuous flow channels. The coolant is forced to flow along these channels. Since the battery 8 is also staggered with the baffles 7, i.e., located within the flow channels, the heat generated by the battery 8 is carried away by the coolant flow. Furthermore, because the nozzles 9 are located on the baffles 7, the coolant passes through the baffles 7 and is sprayed onto the battery 8. Since the nozzles 9 are funnel-shaped or tapered, the coolant is sprayed or impacted onto the surface of the battery 8 at a high speed, thereby increasing the heat dissipation area of ​​the battery 8 and carrying away heat more quickly. Finally, the coolant, carrying the heat from the battery 8 within the tortuous flow channels, flows out through the outlet pipe. When the external environment is cold and it is necessary to increase the operating temperature of the battery 8, the preheating device 2 can heat the coolant entering the box, thereby increasing the base temperature of the internal battery 8, improving the working environment of the battery 8, and extending its service life. The present invention also has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and easy implementation. Example 2

[0040] This embodiment discloses a square battery immersion thermal management system based on a tapered nozzle staggered baffle architecture. It mainly includes a narrow, elongated housing made of insulating material, staggered baffles, a power battery 8, and a fluid preheating device 2 located on an external fluid circulation pipeline. The top opening of the narrow, elongated housing is sealed by a perimeter flange and a thickened cover plate 10, forming a closed cavity filled with insulating coolant. Inlet pipes and outlet pipes 4 are respectively provided at both ends of the narrow, elongated housing. A waterproof wiring port 5 is provided on the thickened cover plate 10. The power battery module consists of several individual batteries 8 arranged in series and parallel, vertically immersed in the coolant. This thermal management system utilizes macroscopic serpentine flow and microscopic pressure differential jetting of the fluid under specific structural constraints to achieve efficient immersion thermal management of the power battery 8.

[0041] In this embodiment, the positive and negative terminals of the square power battery module both face the cover plate 10, i.e., the top, and are connected to the waterproof wiring port 5 via wires to output electrical energy. The lower half of the box body is a pure fluid channel with no bottom electrical connection interference, which greatly reduces the system's construction complexity and the risk of leakage and short circuit.

[0042] This embodiment reconstructs the flow field by setting staggered baffles within a narrow, elongated box. Specifically, the staggered baffles extend vertically from the inner walls of the long sides of the box in an alternating left-right-left pattern. The upper and lower ends of the baffles are in close contact with the bottom surface of the thickened cover plate 10 and the bottom surface of the box, respectively, thereby forcibly dividing the originally wide, straight cavity into a single serpentine flow channel. The single-row arranged individual cells 8 are located within the slots of the serpentine flow channel, with their largest heat-generating side parallel to the staggered baffles.

[0043] Furthermore, this embodiment differs from traditional liquid cooling devices that rely on macroscopic low-speed laminar flow to remove heat, emphasizing the utilization of the local forced convection heat transfer mechanism of the fluid. The staggered baffle plate has an array of tapered nozzles 9 positioned directly opposite the large-area heat-generating core area of ​​the single-cell battery 8. As the coolant is forced to circulate within the serpentine flow channel, a pressure difference naturally forms before and after the baffle. Driven by this pressure difference, the fluid's pressure potential energy is efficiently converted into kinetic energy through the tapered nozzles 9, inducing a high-intensity local impact jet. This high-speed jet impacts the surface of the battery 8 vertically and precisely, significantly compressing the fluid's flow boundary layer and thermal boundary layer thickness in the impact area, thereby significantly improving the local convective surface heat transfer coefficient of the heat-generating region. Simultaneously, the jet generates intense turbulent mixing and radial diffusion on the battery 8 wall, forcibly stripping and continuously renewing the stagnant high-temperature liquid film on the cell surface that was originally difficult to dissipate naturally, eliminating the heat dissipation dead zone in the baffle wake area, and ultimately significantly improving the overall temperature uniformity and heat transfer performance of the power battery 8 under extreme rate charge and discharge.

[0044] To ensure the power battery module can still start and operate normally in extremely cold environments, this embodiment connects the fluid preheating device 2 in series on the circulation line outside the inlet pipe. During cold starts in winter, the external circulation pump drives the coolant through the fluid preheating device 2 for online heating, and then the warm coolant enters the cavity through the inlet pipe. This design completely isolates the high-temperature heat source from the insulated, sealed cavity in physical space, achieving not only uniform and gentle immersion preheating but also avoiding thermal stress damage or deformation of the insulating housing caused by localized high temperatures.

[0045] To enhance the safety limits and temperature control of the power battery module, the coolant filling the cavity in this embodiment is a low-viscosity, high-boiling-point, insulating, and flame-retardant electronic fluorinated liquid or transformer oil. Thanks to the complete immersion and seamless coverage of the insulating coolant around the individual battery cells 8, when a single battery cell 8 experiences an abnormal temperature rise or even faces the risk of thermal runaway, the system can rapidly dissipate the extreme heat by relying on the coolant's excellent latent heat absorption capacity. Simultaneously, the dense liquid environment effectively isolates external oxygen, quickly extinguishing nascent electrical sparks and completely preventing the chain propagation of thermal runaway to adjacent cells, thus achieving the inherent safety of the power battery system 8.

[0046] To further ensure the sealing effect and ease of maintenance in this embodiment, the liquid inlet pipe of the narrow and elongated box adopts a connection method of straight pipe internal thread combined with sealing ring end face compression to connect with the external pipeline, eliminating the risk of the hard thread cracking the box. When the system equipment needs maintenance due to long-term use, or when the single battery 8 needs to be replaced, the internal power battery module can be directly extracted by simply removing the thickened cover plate 10 on the top, making maintenance extremely convenient.

[0047] When the battery pack operates in a high-temperature environment, the charging and discharging of battery 8 generates a large amount of heat. An external circulation pump drives the insulating coolant into the closed chamber, and the flow path of the coolant is changed by the staggered baffles, forming a macroscopic serpentine tumbling flow field. At the same time, the natural pressure difference formed by the water blocking in front and behind the baffle 7 drives the coolant to flow through the converging nozzle 9 to generate a high-speed jet, which precisely impacts the large heat-generating surface of battery 8, thereby breaking the thermal boundary layer formed between the coolant and the battery surface and eliminating the heat dissipation dead zone, achieving the purpose of enhancing convective heat transfer. Finally, the coolant flows out from the outlet 4, carrying the heat out of the system. In addition, when operating in a cold winter environment, the external fluid preheating device 2 can be turned on to heat the flowing coolant online. The warm coolant enters the chamber and provides uniform immersion preheating for the battery pack, keeping battery 8 under suitable operating conditions.

[0048] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An immersion battery thermal management enclosure with a heat dissipation baffle plate featuring a tapered nozzle, characterized in that, Includes the outer casing, cover plate, baffle plate, preheating device, inlet pipe, outlet pipe, and wiring port; The outer casing adopts a cuboid structure with a hollow interior and an opening at the top for placing the battery. Several baffles are arranged inside the casing, dividing the interior into tortuous channels for coolant flow. Several nozzles for coolant to pass through are also provided on the baffles. A cover plate is installed on the top of the casing and fixedly connected to it. One side of the casing has an inlet, and the other side has an outlet. One end of the inlet pipe is installed on the inlet, and the other end is connected to an external coolant supply device. One end of the outlet pipe is connected to the outlet, and the other end is connected to the external coolant supply device. A preheating device is installed on the inlet pipe to increase the base temperature of the coolant. A wiring port is located on the cover plate, through which wires are electrically connected to the battery inside the casing.

2. The immersion battery thermal management enclosure with a heat dissipation baffle plate featuring a tapered nozzle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The adjacent baffles are spaced apart and staggered, so that the tortuous flow channel inside the shell has a serpentine structure; several batteries are also staggered and installed in the flow channel along with the baffles, and there is space between the batteries and the baffles, and between the batteries and the inner wall of the shell, for the coolant to flow through.

3. The immersion battery thermal management enclosure with a heat dissipation baffle plate featuring a tapered nozzle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle adopts a tapered or funnel-shaped structure design, with the orifice diameter or opening area on the side of the nozzle closest to the liquid inlet being larger than that on the other side.

4. The immersion battery thermal management housing with a heat dissipation baffle plate featuring a tapered nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the baffle plate abuts against the cover plate, the bottom is fixed to the bottom of the outer shell, one side is fixed to one inner wall of the outer shell, and the other side is left with space between it and the other inner wall of the outer shell for coolant to flow through.

5. The immersion battery thermal management housing with a heat dissipation baffle plate featuring a tapered nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preheating device includes a heating wire, a controller, and an insulation layer; the heating wire is wound around the liquid inlet pipe and electrically connected to the controller; the insulation layer covers the heating wire and wraps it; the controller controls the base temperature of the coolant entering the box by controlling the heating time of the heating wire.

6. The immersion battery thermal management enclosure with a heat dissipation baffle plate featuring a tapered nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The batteries inside the casing are interconnected by wires, which then pass through the wiring ports on the cover and connect to the outside. A first sealing ring is provided between the wiring ports and the wires for sealing and fixing.

7. The immersion battery thermal management housing with a heat dissipation baffle plate featuring a tapered nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, Flanges extend outward from the perimeter of the outer casing opening; the flanges are integrally formed with the outer casing; the cover plate is fixedly connected to the flanges by bolts.

8. The immersion battery thermal management housing with a heat dissipation baffle plate featuring a tapered nozzle according to claim 7, characterized in that, A second sealing ring is provided between the flange and the cover plate; the second sealing ring is arranged around the opening of the outer shell to achieve a sealed connection between the cover plate and the outer shell.

9. The immersion battery thermal management enclosure with a heat dissipation baffle plate featuring a tapered nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, A third sealing ring is provided between the liquid inlet and the liquid inlet pipe, and between the liquid outlet and the liquid outlet pipe; the third sealing ring is an O-ring.

10. The immersion battery thermal management enclosure with a heat dissipation baffle plate featuring a tapered nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coolant used is either electronic fluorinated fluid or transformer oil.

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