A local rapid cooling immersion heat dissipation energy storage device

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of energy storage battery thermal management, and particularly relates to a local rapid cooling immersion heat dissipation energy storage device, which comprises a device shell, a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet communicated with the two ends of the device shell respectively; a plurality of batteries arranged in a battery cavity of the device shell, cooling liquid flowing into the device shell from the cooling liquid inlet and flowing out of the device shell from the cooling liquid outlet, and flowing through each battery; a heat absorption capsule detachably connected to a battery shell of the battery, the heat absorption capsule comprising a first cavity and a second cavity arranged in the interior, a diaphragm arranged between the first cavity and the second cavity, the heat absorption capsule being arranged in heat exchange with the battery, the diaphragm being broken by heat to mix a first medicine in the first cavity and a second medicine in the second cavity to generate an endothermic reaction; and the battery cavity being divided into a plurality of heat zones, the diaphragms in each heat zone being broken at different temperatures by heat. The application can realize second-level cooling in the initial stage of thermal runaway, eliminate the risk of toxic leakage, and is convenient for on-site maintenance and replacement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of thermal management technology for energy storage batteries, and particularly relates to an immersion heat dissipation energy storage device with localized rapid cooling. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of renewable energy and the accelerated pace of energy structure transformation, energy storage power stations, as a key energy storage method, are seeing their application scope continuously expand. In energy storage power stations, batteries, as the core component, are facing increasing demands for thermal management. Batteries generate a large amount of heat during charging and discharging; if this heat cannot be dissipated effectively and in a timely manner, it will lead to decreased battery performance, shortened lifespan, and even thermal runaway. Immersion cooling technology, due to its excellent heat dissipation performance and uniform temperature distribution, has become one of the most efficient cooling solutions for energy storage power stations. Currently, immersion liquid cooling systems, with their high thermal conductivity and uniform temperature control characteristics, have gradually become one of the mainstream cooling technologies.

[0003] However, existing immersion liquid cooling systems still face many challenges. Traditional liquid cooling systems rely on the circulation of coolant fluid for heat dissipation, but their response to sudden localized high temperatures is insufficient. Coolant flow requires a high-power pumping system, which increases energy consumption and system complexity, and may also lead to the risk of localized overheating.

[0004] Furthermore, existing endothermic capsule-type thermal response devices rely on the passive melting of the outer shell to trigger the response of their internal thermistor, resulting in significant response time dispersion and melting point drift issues under complex operating conditions, leading to insufficient triggering reliability. In extreme conditions, existing systems lack emergency mechanisms, particularly in the early stages of thermal runaway, failing to provide rapid and effective cooling measures. Some chemical endothermic solutions generate toxic gases during the reaction process, posing a risk of toxic leakage and threatening the safety of the energy storage system and personnel health. Simultaneously, existing technologies have shortcomings in reactant recycling and maintenance / replacement, resulting in high long-term operating costs and complex on-site operations.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a localized, rapid cooling immersion heat dissipation and energy storage device to solve this problem. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an immersion-type heat dissipation and energy storage device with localized rapid cooling to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: An immersion-type heat dissipation and energy storage device with localized rapid cooling includes: The device casing has a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet connected to its two ends, respectively. Multiple batteries are disposed within the battery cavity of the device housing, and coolant flows in through the coolant inlet and out through the coolant outlet, passing through each of the batteries; A heat-absorbing capsule is detachably connected to the battery casing of the battery. The heat-absorbing capsule includes a first cavity and a second cavity disposed inside. A diaphragm is disposed between the first cavity and the second cavity. The heat-absorbing capsule is configured to exchange heat with the battery. When the diaphragm is heated, it ruptures, causing a first drug located in the first cavity and a second drug located in the second cavity to mix and undergo an endothermic reaction. The battery cavity is divided into multiple hot zones, and the temperature at which the separator ruptures due to heat is different in each hot zone.

[0008] Optionally, the battery casing is provided with a slot, and the heat-absorbing capsule has buckles fixed on both sides of its casing, with each buckle corresponding to a slot and the buckles being fixedly engaged with the slot.

[0009] Optionally, the diaphragm has a cutting line in the middle, which facilitates the diaphragm from breaking when it is heated and deformed.

[0010] Optionally, a shape memory alloy spring is also provided, which is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the diaphragm. There are two shape memory alloy springs, which are respectively located on both sides of the bottom of the diaphragm. When the shape memory alloy spring is heated, it deforms towards the second cavity, compressing the second drug and mixing it with the first drug.

[0011] Optionally, the first drug is Solid particles, the second drug is Solid particles, with a solid acid absorption layer fixed within the first cavity, the solid acid absorption layer being used to absorb... solid particles and The reaction of solid particles produces gas.

[0012] Optionally, the batteries may be arranged in a matrix.

[0013] Optionally, the activation temperature of the shape memory alloy spring is lower than the response temperature of the diaphragm.

[0014] Optionally, the response temperatures of each of the said hot zones are 50°C, 55°C, and 60°C, respectively.

[0015] Optionally, the diaphragm located in the thermal zone at a response temperature of 50°C is made of polycaprolactone; The diaphragm located in the thermal zone with a response temperature of 55°C is made of a paraffin-based composite material. The diaphragm located in the hot zone with a response temperature of 60°C is made of a stearic acid / palmitic acid blend.

[0016] Optionally, a miniature travel switch is also fixed at the bottom of the second cavity. The miniature travel switch is triggered when the shape memory alloy spring is heated and deformed, and the miniature travel switch sends out a circuit breaker signal. The miniature limit switch is connected to the battery management system, and the battery management system cuts off the charging and discharging power supply circuit of the battery after receiving the circuit break signal.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: This invention utilizes the active compression of a shape-memory alloy spring to puncture the diaphragm with a second drug, enabling rapid mixing and contact of the two drugs. This replaces the traditional passive thermal melting trigger, reducing the trigger response time of the endothermic capsule from the uncertain and discrete state of the traditional method to a deterministic second-level response, avoiding the melting point drift and response lag problems of passive melting. The selected drugs... and In the early stages of thermal runaway, a large amount of heat can be rapidly absorbed through a solid-solid endothermic reaction, suppressing the local peak temperature below a safe threshold. By dividing the battery cavity into multiple thermal zones with different response temperatures, and combining them with separators of different materials and shape memory alloy springs with different activation temperatures, a multi-level gradient response is achieved. The low-temperature zone prioritizes activation to avoid over-reaction, while the high-temperature zone progressively increases the response to ensure safety. This achieves effective thermal management while optimizing the utilization efficiency of the chemical endothermic material. The solid acid absorption layer absorbs the heat generated during the reaction. Gases are converted into stable gases in situ. This eliminates the risk of toxic leakage inherent in chemical endothermic solutions at the source. The modular quick-release structure, with its snap-fit ​​and slot-fitting mechanism, allows for rapid on-site replacement of failed capsules, reducing the hazards of liquid-containing operations and system downtime. Furthermore, discarded capsules can be returned to the factory for recycling, lowering long-term operating costs. A shape memory alloy spring triggers a micro-limit switch and integrates with the battery management system, providing dual safety assurance through both chemical cooling and electrical circuit breaker disconnection. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the battery and the heat-absorbing capsule of the present invention; Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the heat-absorbing capsule of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the diaphragm and shape memory alloy spring structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal zone distribution of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a flow chart of the recycling process of the present invention; The components include: 1. Coolant inlet; 2. Battery; 3. Device casing; 4. Coolant outlet; 5. Battery casing; 6. Heat-absorbing capsule; 7. Buckle; 8. Solid acid absorption layer; 9. First cavity; 10. Diaphragm; 11. Second cavity; 12. Shape memory alloy spring. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] Reference Figures 1 to 6 This invention discloses an immersion-type heat dissipation and energy storage device for localized rapid cooling, comprising: The device housing 3 has a coolant inlet 1 and a coolant outlet 4 connected to its two ends, respectively. Multiple batteries 2 are disposed in the battery cavity of the device housing 3. Coolant flows in from the coolant inlet 1 and flows out from the coolant outlet 4, and flows through each battery 2. A heat-absorbing capsule 6 is detachably connected to the battery casing 5 of the battery 2. The heat-absorbing capsule 6 includes a first cavity 9 and a second cavity 11 disposed inside. A diaphragm 10 is disposed between the first cavity 9 and the second cavity 11. The heat-absorbing capsule 6 is configured to exchange heat with the battery 2. When the diaphragm 10 is heated, it ruptures, causing the first drug located in the first cavity 9 and the second drug located in the second cavity 11 to mix and undergo an endothermic reaction. The battery cavity is divided into multiple hot zones, and the temperature at which the separator 10 in each hot zone ruptures due to heat is different.

[0022] Under normal operating conditions, the coolant flows into the battery cavity of the device casing 3 through the coolant inlet 1, passes through each battery 2, and then flows out through the coolant outlet 4, providing continuous immersion-type circulating heat dissipation for the batteries 2. Multiple hot zones are divided according to different temperature thresholds. Within the normal temperature range, all heat-absorbing capsules 6 are in standby mode. The first drug in the first cavity 9 and the second drug in the second cavity 11 are completely isolated by the diaphragm 10. When a battery 2 in a certain hot zone experiences localized high temperature due to abnormal operating conditions and reaches the thermal rupture temperature of the corresponding diaphragm 10, the diaphragm 10 of the corresponding heat-absorbing capsule 6 in that hot zone ruptures, causing the first drug in the first cavity 9 and the second drug in the second cavity 11 to come into contact and mix. A strong endothermic reaction occurs, absorbing a large amount of heat within seconds, rapidly suppressing the temperature rise in that localized area. Because the diaphragm 10 in each hot zone has a different rupture temperature, zoned and stepped triggering is achieved. When the temperature continues to rise and reaches the set threshold of each hot zone in turn, the heat-absorbing capsules 6 in different hot zones are triggered in turn, forming a stepped emergency cooling from the low temperature zone to the high temperature zone. Meanwhile, the capsules in the untriggered areas remain intact and in standby mode, avoiding unnecessary resource waste caused by the coordinated triggering of the entire zone. This achieves precise and rapid suppression of local thermal runaway of the battery 2.

[0023] As an optional implementation, the battery casing 5 is provided with a slot, and the heat-absorbing capsule 6 has buckles 7 fixed on both sides of the casing. The buckles 7 correspond one-to-one with the slots, and the buckles 7 are fixedly engaged with the slots.

[0024] During the installation of the heat-absorbing capsule 6, the clips 7 fixed on both sides of the heat-absorbing capsule 6 shell are aligned with the corresponding slots on the battery casing 5. The heat-absorbing capsule 6 is detachably installed on the outer surface of the battery casing 5 through the fixing engagement of the clips 7 and the slots. When a heat-absorbing capsule 6 is triggered and completes its endothermic reaction, on-site maintenance personnel can remove the failed heat-absorbing capsule 6 from the battery casing 5 without the need for special tools by simply releasing the engagement of the clips 7 and the slots. Then, a brand-new heat-absorbing capsule 6 is quickly replaced by re-fixing the clips 7 and the slots, allowing the energy storage device to restore its complete local thermal protection capability in a short time. This quick-release structure of the clips 7 and slots eliminates the need for liquid handling during on-site replacement, significantly reducing the danger and complexity of on-site maintenance operations. It also reduces the downtime of the energy storage device due to maintenance, improving the system's operational economy. The replaced waste heat-absorbing capsules 6 are collected and returned to the factory, where the internal reaction products are extracted through a mechanical shell-breaking process for recycling and regeneration.

[0025] As an optional implementation, the diaphragm 10 has a cutting line in the middle, which facilitates the diaphragm 10 to break when it is deformed by heat.

[0026] When the endothermic capsule 6 is in normal standby mode, the diaphragm 10 maintains its complete isolation structure, completely separating the first drug in the first cavity 9 from the second drug in the second cavity 11. When the local temperature of the battery 2 gradually rises and reaches the response temperature corresponding to the diaphragm 10, the diaphragm 10 deforms due to heat. Because the diaphragm 10 has a cutting line in its center, this cutting line becomes the weakest point in the overall structure of the diaphragm 10. When the diaphragm 10 deforms due to heat, stress concentrates along the cutting line, causing the diaphragm 10 to rupture precisely and rapidly along the cutting line, avoiding the response time dispersion problem caused by random rupture of the diaphragm 10. After the diaphragm 10 ruptures along the cutting line, the physical barrier between the first drug in the first cavity 9 and the second drug in the second cavity 11 is removed. Under the influence of gravity, the two begin to contact and mix, undergoing an endothermic reaction. The cutting line ensures the certainty of the rupture location and mode of the diaphragm 10, improves the consistency of the trigger response, and makes the start-up time and reaction rate of the endothermic reaction more predictable and reliable.

[0027] As an optional implementation, a shape memory alloy spring 12 is also provided, which is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the diaphragm 10. There are two shape memory alloy springs 12, which are respectively located on both sides of the bottom of the diaphragm 10. When the shape memory alloy spring 12 is heated, it deforms towards the second cavity 11, squeezing the second drug and mixing it with the first drug.

[0028] Under normal operating conditions, the two shape memory alloy springs 12, fixedly mounted on both sides of the bottom of the diaphragm 10, are in a stable compressed or contracted state, not interfering with the normal isolation function of the diaphragm 10 for the first cavity 9 and the second cavity 11. When the local temperature of the battery 2 rises and reaches the activation temperature of the shape memory alloy springs 12, the two shape memory alloy springs 12 are heated simultaneously and deformed using their shape memory effect, restoring their initial bent shape towards the second cavity 11, generating a strong mechanical restoring force. During the violent deformation of the shape memory alloy springs 12 towards the second cavity 11, the second drug stored in the second cavity 11 is squeezed and pushed downwards, while the first drug in the first cavity 9 falls into the second cavity 11 through the ruptured opening of the diaphragm 10, allowing the first and second drugs to fully contact and mix along the entire cross-section under high pressure and mechanical stirring. This active mechanical puncture and extrusion mixing mechanism replaces the traditional passive thermal melting triggering method, avoiding melting point drift and response dispersion problems. It significantly increases the effective contact area of ​​the solid-solid reaction compared to the natural gravity contact method, and significantly accelerates the reaction start-up rate, achieving a rapid endothermic response in the millisecond to second range.

[0029] As an optional implementation method, the first drug is Solid granules, the second drug is Solid particles, with a solid acid absorption layer 8 fixed inside the first cavity 9, the solid acid absorption layer 8 being used for absorption. solid particles and The reaction of solid particles produces gas.

[0030] When the heat-absorbing capsule 6 is triggered, the first cavity 9 contains Solid particles and the second cavity 11 The solid particles undergo a solid-solid endothermic reaction, and the reaction equation is as follows: ; The reaction absorbs a large amount of heat ΔH≈+80kJ / mol, rapidly suppressing the local temperature rise of battery 2. This reaction occurs at the solid-solid interface, requiring no additional solvent and not dependent on external energy input. The NH3 gas released during the reaction diffuses upwards inside the heat-absorbing capsule 6, contacting the solid acid absorption layer 8 fixedly disposed within the first cavity 9. The solid acid absorption layer 8... and A neutralization reaction occurs to produce a stable product. , will be toxic and corrosive The gas solidifies in situ inside the heat-absorbing capsule 6, avoiding... The gas escapes from the heat-absorbing capsule 6 and enters the battery cavity of the device shell 3 and the external environment, eliminating the risk of toxic leakage in the chemical heat-absorbing scheme, while ensuring the safety of the energy storage device's operating environment and surrounding personnel. After the heat-absorbing reaction is completed, all reaction products are physically sealed inside the sealed shell of the heat-absorbing capsule 6, without leakage or contamination of the system's main coolant.

[0031] As an alternative implementation, multiple batteries 2 are arranged in a matrix.

[0032] Multiple batteries 2 are arranged in a matrix within the battery cavity of the device housing 3. Coolant flows into the battery cavity from the coolant inlet 1 and then flows evenly across the surface of each battery 2 along the gaps between them, providing ample immersion-type convection heat transfer. Finally, the coolant flows out from the coolant outlet 4, achieving overall temperature uniformity for the battery module. The matrix arrangement ensures regular coolant flow channels between the batteries 2, guaranteeing uniform distribution and smooth flow of coolant within the battery cavity, avoiding dead zones or insufficient flow in certain areas caused by irregular arrangement. When a battery 2 at a specific location in the matrix experiences localized overheating, the corresponding heat-absorbing capsule 6 is independently triggered to precisely cool the faulty battery 2 locally, while other batteries 2 in normal locations within the matrix and their corresponding heat-absorbing capsules 6 remain unaffected.

[0033] As an optional implementation, the activation temperature of the shape memory alloy spring 12 is lower than the response temperature of the diaphragm 10.

[0034] Because the activation temperature of the shape memory alloy spring 12 is designed to be lower than the response temperature of the separator 10 in the same heat zone, during the local temperature rise of the battery 2, the shape memory alloy spring 12 reaches its phase change activation temperature before the separator 10. The shape memory alloy spring 12 first generates a shape memory recovery action and squeezes the second drug, causing the second drug to puncture the separator 10, forcibly mixing the first and second drugs and triggering an endothermic reaction. At this time, the separator 10 itself has not yet reached the melting temperature and still remains in a solid state. Compared with the mechanism of waiting for the separator 10 to be heated and melted before the drugs in the two chambers are passively mixed, the early active puncture of the shape memory alloy spring 12 significantly advances the start time of the endothermic reaction, effectively shortening the response gap between the temperature anomaly and the start of the endothermic reaction. This ensures that endothermic cooling can be initiated in less than 10 seconds in the early stage of thermal runaway, suppressing the local peak temperature below the safety threshold and improving the timeliness and safety of thermal protection.

[0035] As an optional implementation, the response temperatures of each thermal zone are 50°C, 55°C, and 60°C, respectively.

[0036] The interior of the device casing 3 is divided into three hot zones with response temperatures of 50℃, 55℃ and 60℃ according to the heat distribution characteristics. The heat-absorbing capsules 6 in each hot zone have different trigger thresholds.

[0037] When the temperature in one of the hot zones first reaches 50°C, the heat-absorbing capsule 6 in the 50°C hot zone is the first to be triggered, initiating an endothermic reaction and providing primary cooling intervention for that area. If the temperature continues to rise to 55°C, the heat-absorbing capsule 6 in the 55°C hot zone is triggered as the second echelon, enhancing the heat absorption and cooling capacity of that area. If the temperature further rises to 60°C, the heat-absorbing capsule 6 in the 60°C hot zone is triggered as the third echelon, forming the strongest level of endothermic response. This three-level gradient response mechanism implements differentiated heat dissipation strategies according to different temperature severity levels, prioritizing activation in low-temperature zones to avoid over-reaction, and progressively increasing the intensity in high-temperature zones to ensure safety, thus optimizing the utilization efficiency of chemical endothermic materials while achieving effective thermal management.

[0038] As an optional implementation, the diaphragm 10 located in the hot zone with a response temperature of 50°C is made of polycaprolactone. The diaphragm 10, located in the hot zone with a response temperature of 55°C, is made of a paraffin-based composite material. The diaphragm 10, located in the hot zone with a response temperature of 60°C, is made of a blend of stearic acid and palmitic acid.

[0039] The diaphragm 10, located in the 50℃ response temperature hot zone, is made of polycaprolactone, a material with good thermal response characteristics in this temperature range. It works in conjunction with the shape memory alloy spring 12, with an activation temperature of 48℃, to form the low-temperature triggering stage in hot zone A. The diaphragm 10, located in the 55℃ response temperature hot zone, is made of paraffin-based composite material, a material with stable melting point characteristics in this temperature range. It works in conjunction with the shape memory alloy spring 12, with an activation temperature of 53℃, to form the medium-temperature triggering stage in hot zone B. The diaphragm 10, located in the 60℃ response temperature hot zone, is made of stearic acid / palmitic acid blend material, a material with reliable melting characteristics in this temperature range. It works in conjunction with the shape memory alloy spring 12, with an activation temperature of 58℃, to form the high-temperature triggering stage in hot zone C. The different melting points of the three diaphragm 10 materials are matched one-to-one with the activation temperatures of the shape memory alloy spring 12 in each hot zone, ensuring that each hot zone reliably triggers according to a preset timing sequence at its set temperature threshold, forming a three-level gradient thermal protection system that fully covers the range from 50℃ to 60℃.

[0040] There are three hot zones, which are distributed sequentially along the direction of coolant flow: The first hot zone (55°C hot zone) is located near the coolant inlet 1 and includes four batteries 2 in the first and second columns of the matrix arrangement (i.e., the first two batteries in each row). The heat-absorbing capsule 6 corresponding to each battery 2 in this hot zone has a diaphragm 10 with a thermal rupture temperature of 55°C.

[0041] The second hot zone (60°C hot zone): located in the central area of ​​the battery cavity, including four batteries 2 in the third and fourth columns of the matrix arrangement (i.e., the middle two batteries in each row). The heat-absorbing capsule 6 corresponding to each battery 2 in this hot zone has a rupture temperature of 60°C due to heat.

[0042] The third hot zone (65°C hot zone): located on the side near the coolant outlet 4, includes four batteries 2 in the fifth and sixth columns of the matrix arrangement (i.e., the last two batteries in each row). The heat-absorbing capsule 6 corresponding to each battery 2 in this hot zone has a rupture temperature of 65°C due to heat.

[0043] The three hot zones are distributed sequentially along the coolant flow direction, and the response temperature of each hot zone increases gradually along the coolant flow direction, forming a gradient triggering mechanism that matches the coolant temperature rise trend.

[0044] The temperature distribution in the battery cavity is naturally non-uniform. The coolant continuously absorbs heat from the batteries during the process of flowing from the inlet to the outlet, and the temperature gradually rises along the flow direction, resulting in lower normal operating temperatures of upstream batteries and higher normal operating temperatures of downstream batteries. If all batteries are uniformly set with the same trigger temperature, there will be problems of excessive safety margin and slow response for upstream batteries, and insufficient safety margin and easy false triggering for downstream batteries. By dividing a plurality of heat zones along the flow direction of the coolant and increasing the response temperature step by step, the trigger temperature of each heat zone maintains a substantially consistent safety margin relative to the local normal operating temperature, which not only avoids false triggering in downstream areas due to high background temperature, but also ensures that upstream areas can respond in time when abnormal temperature rise occurs. At the same time, the hierarchical setting forms a step triggering mechanism, and the battery management system can judge the severity of the fault according to the currently triggered heat zone level, and adopt corresponding different levels of heat dissipation regulation or protection measures to realize hierarchical safety protection from power reduction operation to emergency shutdown, which improves the operation availability of the energy storage device while ensuring system safety.

[0045] As an optional embodiment, a micro travel switch is further fixed at the bottom of the second cavity 11, and the memory alloy elastic sheet 12 triggers the micro travel switch after being deformed by heat, and the micro travel switch sends out a break signal; The micro travel switch is connected to the battery management system, and the battery management system cuts off the charging and discharging power supply circuit of the battery 2 after obtaining the break signal.

[0046] The heat-absorbing capsules 6 are attached to the outer surface of the batteries 2 through modular connecting seats, each battery 2 is arranged inside the device housing 3, a coolant inlet 1 and a coolant outlet 4 are respectively arranged at both ends of the device housing 3, the coolant flows into the device housing 3 through the coolant inlet 1, flows between the batteries 2, and flows out from the coolant outlet 4.

[0047] The heat-absorbing capsule 6 comprises a heat-absorbing capsule 6 and a modular connecting seat 7, the heat-absorbing capsule 6 adopts a symmetrical structure design as a whole to ensure uniform heating of all parts of the housing, and the housing of the heat-absorbing capsule 6 is made of high-temperature resistant material. Each heat-absorbing capsule 6 works independently, and the triggering of a single heat-absorbing capsule 6 does not affect the standby state of adjacent heat-absorbing capsules 6, realizing accurate local response instead of full-area linkage triggering.

[0048] A miniature travel switch is fixedly installed at the bottom of the second cavity 11 of the heat-absorbing capsule 6. When the shape memory alloy spring 12 is heated and deforms towards the second cavity 11, the physical trigger hook at the end of the shape memory alloy spring 12 will forcefully squeeze the miniature travel switch on the base. After the miniature travel switch is triggered, it immediately generates a momentary circuit break signal. This miniature travel switch is electrically connected to the battery management system (BMS). After the BMS receives the circuit break signal, it immediately determines that the battery 2 at the corresponding location has experienced a thermal runaway hazard, and then executes the action of cutting off the charging and discharging power supply circuit of the battery 2, thus preventing the battery 2 from continuing to generate heat at the source from the circuit level. At the same time, the BMS will issue a graded alarm signal corresponding to the level of the triggered hot zone, notifying the maintenance personnel of the specific location of the battery module and the severity of the thermal runaway, prompting manual intervention to replace the heat-absorbing capsule 6 on-site. The linkage mechanism between this miniature travel switch and the battery management system (BMS) provides dual safety protection through chemical heat absorption and cooling as well as electrical circuit breaking. It not only physically suppresses the heat already generated through the heat absorption reaction, but also prevents the generation of new heat by cutting off the power supply circuit, significantly enhancing the comprehensive protection capability of the energy storage device in the event of thermal runaway.

[0049] The working process of this invention is as follows: Under normal operating conditions, the temperature of battery 2 is below 48°C, all heat-absorbing capsules 6 are in standby mode, the shape memory alloy spring 12 remains in a compressed state, the reactants in the upper and lower chambers are completely isolated, and the system has no additional energy consumption.

[0050] and The solid-solid reaction rate depends entirely on the contact area. If the two layers of powder react naturally by gravity alone, the reaction will occur on a single plane, and the water generated by the reaction will quickly form a viscous slurry that isolates the unreacted powder, causing the reaction to stop almost immediately. Complete heat absorption will take several minutes or more.

[0051] At the moment the activation temperature is reached, the shape memory alloy spring 12 actively squeezes the second drug using mechanical restoring force, causing the second drug to pierce the diaphragm 10 and forcibly mix the drugs. This allows the reactants in the upper and lower chambers to contact synchronously along the entire cross section, increasing the effective contact area compared to the passive melting method and significantly accelerating the macroscopic start-up rate of the endothermic reaction.

[0052] The activation temperature of the shape memory alloy spring 12 is designed to be 2°C lower than the melting point of the membrane 10 in the same region, so as to ensure that the shape memory alloy spring 12 melts before the membrane 10 and actively pierces the membrane 10, rather than waiting for the membrane 10 to melt completely and then being passively mixed, thus accelerating the reaction.

[0053] The battery module 2 is divided into three hot zones and configured with a tiered triggering system of heat-absorbing capsules 6 with different activation temperatures. In zone A, the activation temperature of the shape memory alloy spring 12 of the heat-absorbing capsule 6 is set to 48°C, and the melting point of the separator 10 is 50°C. The material of the separator 10 is polycaprolactone. In zone B, the activation temperature is 53°C and the melting point of the separator 10 is 55°C. The material of the separator 10 is a paraffin-based composite. In zone C, the activation temperature is 58°C and the melting point of the separator 10 is 60°C. The material of the separator 10 is a blend of stearic acid and palmitic acid, forming a three-level gradient response.

[0054] The heat-absorbing capsule 6 is attached to the outer surface of the battery 2, and the coolant flows in the immersion cavity between the heat-absorbing capsule 6 and the battery 2. For square batteries 2, the heat-absorbing capsule 6 adopts a rectangular sheet structure to fit the planar outer wall of a single battery 2; for cylindrical batteries 2, the shape of the heat-absorbing capsule 6 is changed to an arc-shaped sheet to match the curvature of the outer diameter of the battery 2, while the structure and SMA triggering mechanism are exactly the same as the square version. The heat-absorbing capsule 6 adopts a symmetrical structure to ensure uniform heating and stable timing, and each unit is triggered independently without interference, thereby achieving precise local response.

[0055] During normal operation, battery 2 is immersed in conventional insulating coolant for heat dissipation, all heat-absorbing capsules 6 are in standby mode, and the shape memory alloy spring 12 remains in a compressed state, completely isolating the reactants in the two chambers. When the local temperature rises to 48°C, when the shape memory alloy spring 12 actively punctures the diaphragm 10, the physical trigger hook at its end will forcefully squeeze the miniature limit switch on the base, generating a momentary circuit break signal.

[0056] At the moment the diaphragm 10 ruptures, the shape memory alloy spring 12 is heated and returns to its initial bent shape, violently pressing downwards, causing the two drugs to come into full contact under high pressure. A strong endothermic reaction ΔH≈+80kJ / mol occurs within seconds, rapidly suppressing the thermal runaway of battery 2.

[0057] Simultaneously, the BMS system detects the instantaneous open circuit signal in the detection circuit, immediately identifies the danger, and cuts off the charging and discharging power supply circuit of battery module 2, curbing thermal runaway at its source. It also triggers a tiered alarm from the BMS, prompting manual intervention to replace the heat-absorbing capsule 6. The diaphragm 10 then melts at 50°C, and the reaction mixture comes into contact with the coolant. The gas was solidified by the solid acid layer on the outer wall. If the temperature continues to rise, the heat-absorbing capsules 6 in zones B and C will be triggered sequentially, forming a tiered emergency response and simultaneously triggering a graded alarm from the BMS.

[0058] After a violent endothermic reaction is triggered inside the endothermic capsule 6, the capsule's outer shell remains absolutely sealed, physically trapping the reaction products inside and preventing leakage or contamination of the system's main coolant. On-site maintenance personnel can simply remove the failed endothermic capsule 6 as a consumable using a quick-release bracket and replace it with a brand-new one, quickly restoring the energy storage system to operation. This significantly reduces the danger and complexity of on-site operations with liquid residue. The replaced waste endothermic capsules 6 are collected and returned to the factory for processing. At the factory, a mechanical shell-breaking process extracts the internal chemical waste liquid and solid products, which are then introduced into a centralized recycling line.

[0059] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0060] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A localized rapid cooling immersion heat dissipation energy storage device, characterized in that, include: The device housing (3) is connected to a coolant inlet (1) and a coolant outlet (4) at its two ends respectively. Multiple batteries (2) are disposed in the battery cavity of the device housing (3), and coolant flows in from the coolant inlet (1) and out from the coolant outlet (4), and flows through each of the batteries (2). A heat-absorbing capsule (6) is detachably connected to the battery casing (5) of the battery (2). The heat-absorbing capsule (6) includes a first cavity (9) and a second cavity (11) disposed inside. A diaphragm (10) is disposed between the first cavity (9) and the second cavity (11). The heat-absorbing capsule (6) is heat-exchange disposed with the battery (2). The diaphragm (10) ruptures when heated, causing the first drug located in the first cavity (9) and the second drug located in the second cavity (11) to mix and undergo an endothermic reaction. The battery cavity is divided into multiple hot zones, and the temperature at which the separator (10) in each hot zone breaks due to heat is different.

2. The immersion-type heat dissipation and energy storage device for localized rapid cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery casing (5) is provided with a slot, and the heat-absorbing capsule (6) is fixed with buckles (7) on both sides of the casing. The buckles (7) correspond one-to-one with the slots, and the buckles (7) are fixedly engaged with the slots.

3. The immersion-type heat dissipation and energy storage device for localized rapid cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diaphragm (10) has a cutting line in the middle, which facilitates the diaphragm (10) from breaking when it is heated and deformed.

4. The immersion-type heat dissipation and energy storage device for localized rapid cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is also provided with shape memory alloy springs (12), which are fixedly disposed at the bottom of the diaphragm (10). There are two shape memory alloy springs (12), which are located on both sides of the bottom of the diaphragm (10). When the shape memory alloy spring (12) is heated, it deforms toward the second cavity (11) and squeezes the second drug to mix with the first drug.

5. The immersion-type heat dissipation and energy storage device for localized rapid cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first drug is Ba(OH)2·8H2O solid particles, the second drug is NH4Cl solid particles, and a solid acid absorption layer (8) is fixed in the first cavity (9). The solid acid absorption layer (8) is used to absorb NH3 gas generated by the reaction of Ba(OH)2·8H2O solid particles and NH4Cl solid particles.

6. The immersion-type heat dissipation and energy storage device for localized rapid cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple batteries (2) are arranged in a matrix.

7. The immersion-type heat dissipation and energy storage device for localized rapid cooling according to claim 4, characterized in that, The activation temperature of the shape memory alloy spring (12) is lower than the response temperature of the diaphragm (10).

8. The immersion-type heat dissipation and energy storage device for localized rapid cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The response temperatures of each of the aforementioned hot zones are 50°C, 55°C, and 60°C, respectively.

9. The immersion-type heat dissipation and energy storage device for localized rapid cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diaphragm (10) located in the thermal zone at a response temperature of 50°C is made of polycaprolactone; The diaphragm (10) located in the hot zone at a response temperature of 55°C is made of a paraffin-based composite material. The diaphragm (10) located in the hot zone at a response temperature of 60°C is made of a stearic acid / palmitic acid blend.

10. The immersion-type heat dissipation and energy storage device for localized rapid cooling according to claim 4, characterized in that, A miniature travel switch is also fixed at the bottom of the second cavity (11). The shape memory alloy spring (12) is triggered by heat deformation, and the miniature travel switch sends out a circuit breaker signal. The miniature travel switch is connected to the battery management system. After the battery management system receives the circuit breaker signal, it cuts off the charging and discharging power supply circuit of the battery (2).

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