A centralized thermal management system, method, apparatus, medium, and product for a photo-accumulation hydrogen production system

Abstract

The application discloses a centralized heat management system, method, equipment, medium and product for a light storage hydrogen production system, relates to the field of energy management and conversion, and comprises a heat management sub-circuit, a photovoltaic heat management sub-circuit, an energy storage heat management sub-circuit and a hydrogen production heat management sub-circuit; a centralized heat management system main loop is connected with the plurality of heat management sub-circuits and forms a closed refrigerant circulation loop; the refrigerant circulation loop at least comprises a compressor; temperature sensors are arranged at key positions of the heat management equipment and collect real-time temperature data; a controller is connected with the temperature sensors, the compressor and flow regulating components in the heat management sub-circuits, respectively, according to the real-time temperature data and a preset temperature threshold interval, the operation state of the compressor and the flow regulating components is controlled, centralized management and step-by-step utilization of heat of the system are realized, and the application solves the problem of decentralized management and improves the stability of temperature control and the heat energy utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy management and conversion, and in particular to a centralized thermal management system, method, equipment, medium and product for a photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of renewable energy, photovoltaic power generation and hydrogen production technologies are increasingly being applied in clean energy production. Photovoltaic power generation systems can directly convert solar energy into electricity, while hydrogen production systems utilize electricity to produce clean hydrogen through water electrolysis. The combination of these two technologies not only promotes the efficient use of green energy but also enables energy storage and regulation. The introduction of energy storage devices further enhances the system's flexibility and stability, forming an integrated photovoltaic, energy storage, and hydrogen production energy system.

[0003] However, during the actual operation of a photovoltaic-energy storage-hydrogen production system, the photovoltaic modules, energy storage devices, and hydrogen production equipment all generate heat during operation, and different devices have relatively strict requirements for operating temperature. If not managed effectively, the equipment temperature may exceed the limit, affecting its efficiency and lifespan.

[0004] The following problems exist in the existing technology: Decentralized management issues: In the past, the thermal management of various devices in the photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production system was often relatively independent and decentralized, lacking a centralized control mechanism. This resulted in the inability to coordinate and allocate heat at the system level. Some devices may experience heat accumulation, affecting their normal operation and lifespan, while other devices may lose heat and waste it, failing to achieve effective thermal energy utilization.

[0005] Unstable temperature control: Traditional thermal management methods are difficult to adjust precisely and in real time according to the appropriate temperature threshold of each device, resulting in large fluctuations in the operating temperature of the equipment. This is not conducive to the stable performance of the equipment. For example, when the temperature of an energy storage device is too high or too low, its charging and discharging efficiency and battery life will be adversely affected. Abnormal temperature of photovoltaic modules will also reduce photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0006] Low thermal energy utilization efficiency: Due to the lack of efficient heat collection, transmission and utilization mechanisms, most of the heat generated in the system is simply dissipated naturally, failing to fully tap its potential utilization value, resulting in a large room for improvement in the energy utilization rate of the entire photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide a centralized thermal management system, method, equipment, medium and product for a photovoltaic-storage hydrogen production system, in order to solve the problems of decentralized management, unstable temperature control and low thermal energy utilization efficiency in traditional thermal management methods.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution: In a first aspect, this application provides a centralized thermal management system for a photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production system, comprising: multiple thermal management devices, a temperature sensor, a controller, multiple thermal management subcircuits, and a main loop of the centralized thermal management system; the thermal management devices include photovoltaic modules, energy storage devices, and hydrogen production devices; the thermal management subcircuits include a photovoltaic thermal management subcircuit connected to the photovoltaic modules, an energy storage thermal management subcircuit connected to the energy storage devices, and a hydrogen production thermal management subcircuit connected to the hydrogen production devices; The main circuit of the centralized thermal management system is connected to multiple thermal management sub-circuits to form a closed refrigerant circulation loop; the refrigerant circulation loop includes at least a compressor. The temperature sensors are installed in key parts of each thermal management device to collect real-time temperature data. The controller is connected to the temperature sensor, the compressor, and the flow regulation components in each thermal management subcircuit. It is used to control the operating status of the compressor and the flow regulation components according to the real-time temperature data and the preset temperature threshold range, so as to realize centralized management and cascade utilization of system heat.

[0009] Secondly, this application provides a centralized thermal management method for a photovoltaic-storage hydrogen production system, comprising: Collect real-time temperature data of the thermal management devices corresponding to each thermal management subcircuit; When the real-time temperature data of any thermal management sub-circuit is not within the preset temperature threshold range, the compressor in the refrigerant circulation loop is started, and the operating status of the compressor and flow regulation components is controlled to regulate the flow rate and direction of the refrigerant, so as to realize centralized management and cascade utilization of system heat; the refrigerant circulation loop is composed of the main loop of the centralized thermal management system and multiple thermal management sub-circuits.

[0010] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application has the following technical effects: This application connects each thermal management subcircuit to the main loop of the centralized thermal management system, forming a closed refrigerant circulation loop. This centralized management of thermal management equipment solves the problem of decentralized management. Furthermore, by using temperature sensors to monitor the real-time temperature data of each thermal management device and combining this with preset temperature threshold ranges, the operating status of the compressor and flow regulation components is controlled. This achieves centralized management and tiered utilization of system heat, improving the stability and efficiency of temperature control, stabilizing the operating temperature of each thermal management device, extending equipment lifespan, and enhancing the overall energy efficiency and thermal energy utilization rate of the photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production system. Attached Figure Description

[0011] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0012] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a centralized thermal management system for a photovoltaic-storage hydrogen production system is provided in one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the physical structure of a centralized thermal management system for a photovoltaic hydrogen storage system provided in this application; Figure 3 This application provides a schematic diagram of the control logic for a centralized thermal management system used in a photovoltaic-storage hydrogen production system.

[0013] Figure label: 1-Photovoltaic module; 2-Energy storage device; 3-Hydrogen production equipment; 4-Temperature sensors distributed in key parts of photovoltaic modules; 5-Temperature sensors distributed in key parts of energy storage devices; 6-Temperature sensors distributed in key parts of hydrogen production equipment; 7-Controller; 8-Flow regulation components in the thermal management subcircuit of photovoltaic, energy storage, and hydrogen production equipment; 9-Sub-components in the main loop of the centralized thermal management system; 10-Temperature data, equipment operation data, and system safety data that need to be fed back to the controller; 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 16-21, 29-30-Temperature sensors; 12, 14, 37-Flow regulation valves; 11, 13, 15-Heat exchangers; 25, 26-Four-way valves; 31-Evaporator; 32-Throttle valve; 33-Leak detection device; 34-Compressor; 35-Safety valve; 36-Condenser Detailed Implementation

[0014] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0015] To make the objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0016] To better address a series of issues related to thermal management in photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production systems, improve overall system performance, extend equipment lifespan, and increase energy efficiency, this application provides a centralized thermal management system for photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production systems. This system aims to achieve centralized and effective management of system heat by integrating components such as heat exchange units, temperature sensors, controllers, and thermal management pipelines, utilizing the excellent thermal conductivity of the refrigerant.

[0017] like Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a centralized thermal management system for a photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production system, including: multiple thermal management devices, a temperature sensor, a controller (7), multiple thermal management sub-circuits, and a centralized thermal management system main circuit; the thermal management devices include a photovoltaic module (1), an energy storage device (2), and a hydrogen production device (3); the thermal management sub-circuits include a photovoltaic thermal management sub-circuit connected to the photovoltaic module (1), an energy storage thermal management sub-circuit connected to the energy storage device (2), and a hydrogen production thermal management sub-circuit connected to the hydrogen production device (3). The hydrogen production device (3) can be a PEM electro-hydrogen production device.

[0018] The main circuit of the centralized thermal management system is connected to multiple thermal management sub-circuits to form a closed refrigerant circulation loop; the refrigerant circulation loop includes at least a compressor (34).

[0019] The temperature sensors are installed in key parts of each thermal management device to collect real-time temperature data.

[0020] The controller (7) is connected to the temperature sensor, the compressor (34) and the flow regulation component in each thermal management sub-circuit, respectively, and is used to control the operating status of the compressor (34) and the flow regulation component according to the real-time temperature data and the preset temperature threshold range, so as to realize centralized management and cascade utilization of system heat.

[0021] Figure 1 The document also shows the sub-components (9) in the main loop of the centralized thermal management system, as well as the temperature data, equipment operation data and system safety data (10) that need to be fed back to the controller.

[0022] This application uses a temperature sensor to monitor the temperature of each device in real time. The controller (7) adjusts the operation of the refrigerant circulation system according to the preset temperature threshold, and collects, transmits and utilizes the heat generated in the system.

[0023] In practical applications, the photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production system includes photovoltaic modules (1), photovoltaic controllers, energy storage devices (2), inverters and hydrogen production equipment (3). These core devices generate heat during operation and have strict requirements for their own operating temperature, which is the key to thermal management. The centralized thermal management system includes a photovoltaic thermal management sub-circuit, an energy storage thermal management sub-circuit, a hydrogen production thermal management sub-circuit, a temperature sensor, a controller (7) and a centralized thermal management system main circuit.

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment, one end of the photovoltaic thermal management subcircuit is connected to the bottom of the cell array and the heat sink in the photovoltaic module (1), and the other end is connected to the main circuit of the centralized thermal management system. The photovoltaic thermal management subcircuit is equipped with a flow regulating valve and temperature sensors (4) distributed in key parts of the photovoltaic module. The flow regulating valve is used to regulate the flow of heat transferred from the photovoltaic module (1) to the main circuit of the centralized thermal management system. The temperature sensors (4) distributed in key parts of the photovoltaic module are used to monitor the heat status of the photovoltaic thermal management subcircuit in real time, so as to ensure that the working temperature of the photovoltaic module (1) is stable in a suitable range and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0025] In an exemplary embodiment, one end of the energy storage thermal management subcircuit is connected to the inlet and outlet positions of the battery module in the energy storage device (2), and the other end is connected to the main circuit of the centralized thermal management system. The energy storage thermal management subcircuit is equipped with an independent flow control element and temperature sensors (5) distributed in key parts of the energy storage device to control the heat exchange flow between the energy storage device (2) and the main circuit of the centralized thermal management system, so as to ensure that the temperature of the energy storage device (2) remains constant during charging and discharging, extend its service life and maintain stable performance.

[0026] In an exemplary embodiment, one end of the hydrogen production thermal management subcircuit is connected to the inlet and outlet of the electrolyzer in the hydrogen production equipment (3), and the other end is connected to the main circuit of the centralized thermal management system. The hydrogen production thermal management subcircuit is equipped with a flow regulating device and temperature sensors (6) distributed in key parts of the hydrogen production equipment, which are used to manage the heat output of the reaction in the hydrogen production equipment (3), stabilize the hydrogen production reaction temperature, and improve the quality and efficiency of hydrogen production.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, the key components of each thermal management device specifically include: the bottom of the cell array and heat sink in the photovoltaic module (1), the inlet and outlet positions of the battery module in the energy storage device (2), and the inlet and outlet of the electrolyzer in the hydrogen production device (3). Each monitoring point is used to collect real-time temperature data of the corresponding thermal management device and transmit the real-time temperature data to the controller (7) for analysis.

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment, the controller (7) uses a fuzzy logic control algorithm to comprehensively consider the magnitude of temperature deviation, the rate of temperature change, the difference in heat capacity of each device and the overall heat balance trend of the system. By collecting temperature data and device thermal characteristic parameters in real time, it dynamically adjusts the flow regulating valves of each branch to achieve precise thermal management control.

[0029] In practical applications, the controller (7) adopts a fuzzy logic control algorithm, which specifically includes the following steps: real-time acquisition of data from each temperature sensor, including temperature deviation, rate of change, etc.; comprehensive consideration of the magnitude of temperature deviation, rate of temperature change, differences in heat capacity of each device and the overall heat balance trend of the system; based on preset fuzzy rules, fuzzy reasoning is performed on the acquired data to determine the optimal flow regulation strategy for each branch; based on the fuzzy reasoning results, precise flow regulation commands are output to adjust the flow regulation valves of each branch.

[0030] The specific calculation process of the fuzzy logic control algorithm includes: the difference between the current temperature and the preset threshold; the change in temperature per unit time; the differences in the heat absorption and release capabilities of different devices; and the balance of total heat in the system.

[0031] Through the above calculations, the controller (7) can dynamically adjust the opening of the flow regulating valve to achieve coordinated thermal management of each branch.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, the preset temperature threshold range includes the normal operating temperature range of the photovoltaic module (1), the charging and discharging temperature range of the energy storage device (2), and the reaction temperature range of the device.

[0033] In practical applications, the normal operating temperature range for photovoltaic modules (1) is set to 20℃-35℃. This temperature range is based on the fact that polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules achieve the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency at 20℃, and that thermal stress and performance degradation of the module materials will not occur below 35℃. Within this temperature range, the output power of photovoltaic modules (1) remains stable, effectively avoiding efficiency reduction due to overheating. For energy storage devices (2), the charging and discharging temperature range for lithium-ion battery energy storage systems is set to 15℃-30℃. Lithium-ion batteries have the highest charging and discharging efficiency between 20℃ and 25℃, and the chemical reaction activity inside the battery is optimal, which can significantly extend the cycle life of the battery. Too low a temperature may increase the internal resistance of the battery, affecting its charge and discharge performance; too high a temperature may accelerate battery aging and even cause safety hazards. For hydrogen production equipment (3), such as PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment (3), the reaction temperature range is set between 50℃ and 80℃, and the reaction temperature of hydrogen production equipment (3) is set between 60℃ and 70℃. Within this temperature range, the electrolysis reaction rate of the PEM electrolyzer reaches its optimal level, and the hydrogen production and purity are significantly improved. Maintaining the temperature at 60℃ to 70℃ avoids damage to the electrolyzer material due to overheating and ensures the long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, the refrigerant circulation loop further includes: a condenser (36), a throttling device, and an evaporator (31); the components work together to achieve system heat management and regulation functions; The compressor (34) is a variable frequency compressor (34) used to compress refrigerant and dynamically adjust the compression ratio and operating frequency according to the control instructions of the controller (7) to adapt to the heat demand of different thermal management equipment.

[0035] The condenser (36) is connected to the exhaust end of the compressor (34) and is used to condense the refrigerant and release heat. The structural design of the condenser (36) enables it to efficiently transfer heat to the heat energy utilization device and improve the waste heat recovery efficiency.

[0036] The throttling device is located between the condenser and the evaporator (31) to reduce the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant. It adopts an adjustable throttling mechanism to precisely control the flow rate and pressure of the refrigerant.

[0037] The evaporator (31) is connected to the outlet end of the throttling device and is used to absorb the heat generated by each thermal management device, so that the refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat. The surface area of ​​the evaporator (31) is optimized to improve the heat absorption efficiency.

[0038] The compressor (34), condenser (36), throttling device and evaporator (31) together form a closed refrigerant circulation loop, forming a complete refrigeration cycle system.

[0039] In an exemplary embodiment, a leak detection device (33) is also provided between the evaporator (31) and the condenser (36).

[0040] The leak detection device (33) includes a pressure sensor and a gas detection module, and is structurally installed at a key connection point of the main circuit to monitor the pressure change and gas leakage of the refrigerant in real time.

[0041] When the leak detection device (33) detects a gas leak, it promptly sends an alarm signal to the controller (7) and activates the safety strategy.

[0042] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the physical structure of a centralized thermal management system for a photovoltaic-storage hydrogen production system provided in this application is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the connection relationship between the components is intuitively displayed. The core of this centralized thermal management system includes photovoltaic modules (1), energy storage devices (2), and PEM water electrolysis devices (3). Each device is equipped with temperature sensors (4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 16-21, 29-30) to monitor the temperature of key parts. The three devices are connected to the main loop of the centralized thermal management system through independent thermal management sub-circuits: each sub-circuit contains a heat exchanger (11, 13, 15) and a flow regulating valve (37, 12, 14). One end of the sub-circuit is connected to the heat-generating part of the corresponding device, and the other end is connected to the evaporator (31) of the main loop. The main loop forms a closed refrigerant cycle: the outlet of the evaporator (31) is connected in sequence to the expansion valve (32), the compressor (34), and the condenser (36), and finally returns to the inlet of the evaporator (31) through pipelines and four-way reversing valves (25, 26). The four-way reversing valve is used to switch the refrigerant flow direction to realize the conversion between cooling and heating modes. The system is also equipped with a leak detection device (33) and a safety valve (35), which are used to monitor refrigerant leakage and overpressure protection, respectively. Figure 2 All valves (37, 12, 14, 22-24, 27, 28) and compressor (34) are controlled by controller (7), forming a complete centralized control system.

[0043] In an exemplary embodiment, when the temperature of the hydrogen production thermal management subcircuit exceeds the limit, the controller (7) increases the operating frequency of the compressor (34) and adjusts the flow rate and direction of the refrigerant in each thermal management subcircuit by controlling the flow regulating component (8) in each thermal management subcircuit.

[0044] In practical applications, when the temperature of the branch where the hydrogen production equipment (3) is located is seriously exceeded, the controller (7) adjusts it by the following technical means: increasing the operating frequency of the variable frequency compressor (34) to enhance the cooling capacity; accurately adjusting the flow rate and direction of the refrigerant in each branch; and opening the valves and flow control devices of the corresponding branch.

[0045] The control logic of a centralized thermal management system for a photovoltaic hydrogen production system provided in this application is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, this application is based on real-time temperature data (including photovoltaic module temperature T). PV Energy storage device temperature T ES and the temperature T of the hydrogen production equipment Pem The system prioritizes ensuring sufficient refrigerant flow to branches with severely excessive temperatures within a preset temperature threshold range, accelerating heat transfer and ensuring that the equipment temperature quickly returns to the normal range.

[0046] When the temperature of the branch where the hydrogen production equipment (3) is located exceeds the standard, the controller (7) performs the following technical measures: Compressor (34) frequency adjustment: Based on the degree of temperature exceeding the standard, increase the operating frequency of the variable frequency compressor (34), such as from the basic frequency of 10Hz to 30Hz, to enhance the cooling capacity; Refrigerant flow and direction adjustment: Through controller commands, precisely adjust the flow and direction of refrigerant in the main circuit to ensure that more refrigerant flows to the hydrogen production thermal management subcircuit; Valve and flow control device opening: Open the valves and flow control devices of the hydrogen production thermal management subcircuit to increase the refrigerant flow of the hydrogen production equipment (3) and accelerate the heat transfer.

[0047] The specific control logic is detailed as follows: When the temperature of the hydrogen production equipment (3) exceeds 80℃ (the upper limit is set), an over-limit alarm is triggered; the frequency of the compressor (34) is increased to 30Hz to increase the refrigerant circulation rate; the current cooling demand is calculated by the controller (7), the flow regulating valve of the hydrogen production thermal management sub-circuit is adjusted to 60% opening, and the flow of other branches is reduced accordingly to prioritize the cooling demand of the hydrogen production equipment (3); the temperature of the hydrogen production equipment (3) is continuously monitored until the temperature drops to the normal range (50℃-80℃), and then the flow distribution of each branch is restored to a balanced state.

[0048] The main loop of the centralized thermal management system forms a closed refrigeration cycle system, including a compressor (34), a condenser (36), a throttling device, and an evaporator (31). The compressor (34) is a variable frequency compressor, which can dynamically adjust the compression ratio and operating frequency according to the controller instructions to adapt to the heat demand of different equipment; the condenser (36) is connected to the discharge end of the compressor (34) and is used to condense high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant and release heat. Its structure is conducive to efficiently transferring heat to the heat energy utilization device and improving the waste heat recovery efficiency; the throttling device is connected between the condenser (36) and the evaporator (31) and adopts an adjustable throttling mechanism to accurately control the refrigerant flow and pressure; the evaporator (31) is connected to the outlet end of the throttling device. Its surface area is optimized to absorb the heat of each equipment, so that the refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat, thereby improving the heat absorption efficiency.

[0049] Other auxiliary devices include a leak detection device (33) and a safety valve (35). The leak detection device (33) is designed to include a miniature pressure sensor, a gas detection module, and an alarm and response mechanism. The miniature pressure sensor is installed at key connection points in the main circuit, at the compressor (34) outlet, condenser (36) inlet, and throttling device connection, and can monitor refrigerant pressure changes in real time. When the pressure rises or falls abnormally, it serves as a preliminary indication of a leak. The gas detection module uses an infrared gas sensor or a semiconductor gas sensor and is installed in open areas or potential leak points in the refrigerant circulation pipeline, near joints and valves, and can effectively detect changes in refrigerant concentration. When the miniature pressure sensor detects an abnormal pressure change or the gas detection module detects an abnormal refrigerant concentration, the leak detection device (33) will immediately send an alarm signal to the controller (7). The controller (7) executes emergency measures based on the alarm signal, including immediately stopping the operation of the compressor (34) and related flow regulating valves to prevent further leakage; activating the safety valve (35) to release excessive pressure in the system to a safe range; and sending alarm information to the user through the control panel or remote monitoring system to prompt maintenance. The overall structural design ensures high sensitivity and rapid response capabilities, enabling timely detection and action when minor refrigerant leaks occur, ensuring the safe operation of the system.

[0050] The cascade utilization method is as follows: Heat Collection and Preliminary Classification: Temperature sensors in the system are set up at the locations described above to accurately collect heat information generated by each device. The heat generated by the photovoltaic module (1) during photoelectric conversion is collected through its thermal management subcircuit. It is then collected into the main circuit through the thermal management subcircuit. The heat generated by the energy storage device (2) during charging and discharging is collected from the sensor monitoring points near the inlet and outlet of the battery module and transmitted to the main circuit through the energy storage thermal management subcircuit. The heat generated by the chemical reaction in the hydrogen production equipment (3) is collected from the sensors at the inlet and outlet of the electrolyzer and enters the main circuit through the hydrogen production thermal management subcircuit. This heat is preliminarily classified and collected according to the different characteristics and temperature conditions of the equipment.

[0051] Heat is distributed according to temperature requirements: The controller (7) analyzes and processes the collected heat according to the preset temperature threshold and intelligent control algorithm. Different devices have different requirements for operating temperature. When the temperature of a device exceeds the suitable range, the controller (7) starts the main loop closed refrigeration cycle system, adjusts the flow rate and direction of the refrigerant, and prioritizes the transfer of heat to the device that needs to be heated or cooled. For example, in the low temperature environment of winter, the temperature of the photovoltaic module (1) and the energy storage device (2) may be lower than the lower limit of the normal operating temperature. At this time, the controller (7) adjusts the operating mode of the heat exchange unit to make the refrigerant circulate in reverse. The excess heat generated by the hydrogen production device (3) within the normal operating temperature range can be transferred to the photovoltaic module (1) or the energy storage device (2) that needs to be preheated through the heat exchanger to raise their temperature to restore performance. This realizes the tiered utilization of heat from the high-temperature hydrogen production device (3) to the low-temperature device. In the high temperature of summer, the heat generated by the photovoltaic module (1) and the energy storage device (2) is preferentially transferred to the condenser (36) for heat dissipation through the refrigerant circulation to ensure that the equipment temperature is stable in the suitable range. This process is also a tiered heat allocation according to the equipment temperature requirements.

[0052] The main circuit components work together to achieve cascaded utilization: The compressor (34), condenser (36), throttling device, and evaporator (31) of the main circuit of the centralized thermal management system work together. The compressor (34) compresses the refrigerant to increase its temperature and pressure, and the condenser (36) condenses the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant and releases heat. This heat can be effectively utilized according to system needs, such as being transferred to other equipment or links that require heat. The throttling device precisely controls the flow rate and pressure of the refrigerant, and the evaporator (31) absorbs the heat generated by each device to make the refrigerant evaporate and absorb heat. In the entire refrigerant cycle, the heat generated by different devices is rationally utilized in different links, forming a closed-loop system for cascaded utilization of heat.

[0053] In practical applications, thermal management methods include the following steps: 1) Temperature monitoring: During the operation of the photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production system, temperature sensors installed at key nodes of the photovoltaic thermal management subcircuit, energy storage thermal management subcircuit, and hydrogen production thermal management subcircuit, as well as at the core parts of the corresponding equipment, are continuously operational. These temperature sensors employ high-precision sensing elements and possess the characteristics of rapid response and stable measurement, continuously monitoring the temperature of each branch and equipment in real time to obtain accurate temperature data.

[0054] 2) Temperature Judgment and Decision-Making: The temperature sensor transmits a large amount of collected temperature data to the controller (7) in real time. The controller (7) has built-in preset temperature thresholds, which are set based on the optimal operating temperature range and safe operation limits of the photovoltaic module (1), energy storage device (2), and hydrogen production equipment (3). At the same time, the controller (7) uses intelligent control algorithms, such as fuzzy logic control algorithms, which comprehensively consider multiple factors such as the magnitude of temperature deviation, the rate of temperature change, the difference in heat capacity of each device, and the overall heat balance trend of the system. Through in-depth analysis of these data and factors, the controller (7) accurately determines whether the current system needs to start the heat exchange unit and how to perform corresponding flow regulation and other thermal management operations.

[0055] 3) Issuance and execution of control commands (specific control of heat exchange units of each device). Once the controller (7) determines that the temperature of a certain branch exceeds the preset threshold, it immediately issues a command to start the compressor (34) of the main loop closed refrigeration cycle system. As the core power component of the refrigeration cycle, the compressor (34) dynamically adjusts its compression ratio and operating frequency according to the command of the controller (7). For example, when the temperature of the branch where the hydrogen production equipment (3) is located is seriously exceeded, the compressor (34) can increase its operating frequency to enhance the refrigeration capacity. At the same time, the controller (7) precisely adjusts the flow rate and direction of the refrigerant and opens the valves and flow control devices of the corresponding branch. By precisely controlling the flow regulating valves of each branch, the branch with the serious temperature exceedance is given priority to obtain sufficient refrigerant flow, thereby accelerating the heat transfer and prompting each device to return to the normal temperature range as soon as possible. In this process, the controller (7) realizes the optimal allocation of refrigeration resources according to the heat demand characteristics of different devices and the real-time temperature status.

[0056] 4) Heat absorption and temperature regulation: After startup, the refrigerant circulates stably in a closed refrigerant loop constructed by the compressor (34), condenser (36), throttling device, and evaporator (31). When the refrigerant flows through the evaporator (31), the evaporator (31) exchanges heat with the overheated equipment or branch using its optimized large-area heat exchange surface. Through the heat absorption process of refrigerant evaporation, the heat of the overheated branch is effectively carried away, and the branch temperature gradually decreases until it reaches the normal range. During this process, the controller (7) continuously monitors the temperature change and adjusts the refrigeration cycle parameters in a timely manner according to the cooling effect to ensure that the cooling process is stable and efficient.

[0057] 5) Low temperature response and heat replenishment: When the ambient temperature is low, the temperature sensor feeds back the low temperature information to the controller (7). The controller (7) then adjusts the operating mode of the heat exchange unit to make the refrigerant circulate in reverse. By controlling the relevant valves and reversing devices, the flow path of the refrigerant is changed, so that the process of releasing heat to the condenser (36) during the refrigeration process is changed to absorbing heat from the compressor (34) and transferring it to each branch.

[0058] 6) Safety monitoring and emergency response: The leak detection device (33) at key parts of the thermal management pipeline monitors the refrigerant status. Once any leak or abnormality is detected, the leak detection device (33) immediately sends an alarm signal to the controller (7), stops the operation of related equipment, including the compressor (34), the flow regulating valves of each branch, and starts the safety valve (35) to release pressure. The safety valve (35) automatically opens according to the set pressure threshold to release the excessive pressure in the system to a safe range.

[0059] Existing photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production systems often employ decentralized and independent thermal management methods, lacking systematic overall control. This results in low efficiency in heat allocation and comprehensive utilization. Furthermore, traditional thermal management methods lack sufficient temperature control precision, failing to meet the specific temperature control requirements of the equipment, leading to low overall system performance and energy utilization. This application provides a centralized thermal management system for photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production systems. By combining advanced control algorithms to optimize the operation of heat exchange units, it achieves centralized heat regulation of photovoltaic modules (1), energy storage devices (2), and hydrogen production equipment (3). The system integrates efficient heat collection, transmission, and utilization mechanisms, overcoming the limitations of existing technologies through the synergistic effect of refrigerant circulation and pipelines.

[0060] This application significantly improves system performance in several aspects. First, through precise temperature control, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module (1) is maintained, the charging and discharging efficiency and cell life of the energy storage device (2) are extended, and the reaction rate and hydrogen purity of the hydrogen production equipment (3) are optimized, thereby improving overall equipment performance, extending service life, and reducing maintenance costs. Second, by rationally allocating and recycling heat, energy waste is reduced, system energy utilization efficiency is improved, meeting the requirements of sustainable development and reducing operating costs. In addition, unified management of the system's thermal state enhances stability and flexibility, enabling it to adapt to complex working conditions and environmental conditions, effectively avoiding cascading failures, and expanding application scenarios and market competitiveness. Finally, by introducing safety components such as a leak detection device (33) and a safety valve (35), combined with comprehensive control logic, system safety is improved, effectively preventing problems such as refrigerant leakage and abnormal pressure, and ensuring the stable and safe operation of the system. This application is of great significance in improving equipment performance, energy utilization efficiency, system safety, and environmental friendliness.

[0061] This application provides a centralized thermal management method for a photovoltaic-storage hydrogen production system, including: Collect real-time temperature data of the thermal management devices corresponding to each thermal management sub-circuit.

[0062] When the real-time temperature data of any thermal management sub-circuit is not within the preset temperature threshold range, the compressor (34) in the refrigerant circulation loop is started, and the operating status of the compressor (34) and the flow regulation component is controlled to regulate the flow rate and direction of the refrigerant, so as to realize centralized management and cascade utilization of system heat; the refrigerant circulation loop is composed of the main loop of the centralized thermal management system and multiple thermal management sub-circuits.

[0063] In practical applications, this application provides another centralized thermal management method for photovoltaic-storage hydrogen production systems, including: Step S1: Monitor the temperature of the photovoltaic thermal management subcircuit, energy storage thermal management subcircuit, and hydrogen production thermal management subcircuit in real time using temperature sensors.

[0064] Step S2: The temperature sensor transmits the collected temperature data of each branch and device to the controller (7). The controller (7) will conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current temperature of each device based on the preset temperature threshold range and intelligent control algorithm, thereby determining whether it is necessary to start the heat exchange unit and perform corresponding flow regulation and other thermal management operations.

[0065] Step S3: When the temperature of any branch exceeds the preset threshold, the controller (7) issues an instruction to start the compressor (34) of the main circuit closed refrigeration cycle system, adjust the flow rate and direction of the refrigerant, and open the corresponding valves and flow control devices; the controller (7) can perform thermal management operations on the branch with serious temperature overruns according to the needs of different equipment, and ensure that each equipment returns to the normal temperature range as soon as possible.

[0066] Step S4: The refrigerant circulates in the refrigerant circulation loop consisting of the compressor (34), condenser (36), throttling device and evaporator (31). During the circulation process, when the refrigerant passes through the evaporator (31), the evaporator (31) absorbs the heat of the superheated equipment and absorbs the heat of the superheated branch, so that the branch temperature is reduced to the normal range.

[0067] Step S5: When the ambient temperature is low, the controller (7) adjusts the operating mode of the heat exchange unit to make the refrigerant circulate in reverse, providing the necessary heat to each branch and preventing the low temperature from affecting the performance of the equipment.

[0068] The operating modes are as follows: Refrigeration cycle mode (normal mode): used to dissipate heat and cool the equipment. In this mode, the refrigerant flows as follows: compressor (34) → condenser (36) (dissipating heat outward) → throttling device → evaporator (31) (absorbing heat from the equipment) → back to compressor (34). This mode corresponds to the process described in step S4 of claim 11.

[0069] Reverse circulation mode (heating mode): used to supplement heat to the equipment. At this time, the refrigerant flow is reversed by switching the valve, that is: compressor (34) → evaporator (31) (releasing heat to the equipment) → throttling device → condenser (36) (absorbing heat from the outside) → returning to compressor (34). This mode is the "refrigerant reverse circulation" mode described in step S5.

[0070] The operation mode adjustment process is achieved by changing the four-way valve in the main circuit (see...). Figure 2 This is achieved through the pathway states of (25 and 26), as detailed below: Adjustment command: When the controller (7) determines that the equipment needs to be heated based on the temperature data (such as when the equipment temperature is below the lower limit in the winter embodiment), it outputs a mode switching command.

[0071] Switching action: The command drives the four-way valve (25 and 26) to change the flow path of the refrigerant in the main circuit, thereby realizing the mode switching from "refrigeration cycle" to "reverse cycle".

[0072] Functional switching: After mode switching, the functions of the evaporator (31) and condenser (36) in the main circuit are interchanged. In reverse circulation mode, the evaporator (31) acts as the condenser (36) to release heat to each equipment sub-circuit, and the condenser (36) acts as the evaporator (31) to absorb heat from the environment or waste heat.

[0073] Step S6: Use the leak detection device (33) to monitor the refrigerant status. When a leak or abnormality is detected, the controller (7) issues an alarm and executes a safety strategy, including stopping the operation of the relevant equipment and starting the safety valve (35) to release pressure.

[0074] This application utilizes the high-efficiency thermal conductivity of the cooling system medium (i.e., refrigerant) and the cascade utilization method to improve the efficiency of thermal energy management and utilization, stabilize the operating temperature of each device, extend the equipment life, and enhance the overall performance and energy utilization rate of the photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production system.

[0075] The photovoltaic-energy storage hydrogen production system in this embodiment includes a 500kW photovoltaic power generation system, a 1000kWh energy storage device (2), and a 50Nm 3 / h PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment (3). According to this application, a centralized thermal management system is designed and deployed to coordinate and manage the heat of each core device. The main loop of the centralized thermal management system adopts a closed refrigeration cycle structure, including a variable frequency compressor (34), a condenser (36), a throttling device, an evaporator (31), a leak detection device (33), and a safety valve (35). Each device is connected to the main loop through an independent thermal management sub-loop to realize the temperature control of the photovoltaic module (1), the energy storage device (2), and the hydrogen production equipment (3), respectively.

[0076] The photovoltaic module (1) uses a 500kW polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic module (1) array, with a normal operating temperature range of 20℃-40℃; the energy storage device (2) adopts a lithium-ion battery energy storage system with a total capacity of 1000kWh and a charging and discharging temperature range of 15℃-30℃; the hydrogen production equipment (3) selects a PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment (3) with a rated hydrogen production capacity of 50Nm³. 3 / h, the reaction temperature is set between 50℃ and 80℃.

[0077] The compressor (34) in the main circuit is a variable frequency compressor (34) with a rated power of 50kW, which can dynamically adjust the operating frequency within the frequency range of 10Hz to 50Hz according to the controller command; the condenser (36) is a shell-and-tube condenser (36) with a heat exchange area of ​​50m². 2 The throttling device uses an electronic expansion valve, which has an adjustable throttling range of 0.1MPa to 1.0MPa; the evaporator (31) uses a finned tube evaporator (31) with a heat exchange surface area of ​​80m². 2.

[0078] On a summer noon, the temperature of the backsheet of the photovoltaic module (1) rose to 38°C, close to the upper limit of the threshold; the temperature of the core components of the energy storage device (2) rose to 32°C due to continuous charging and discharging, exceeding the suitable temperature range; the operating temperature of the hydrogen production equipment (3) remained at 75°C, still within the normal range. The controller (7) started the compressor (34) based on the data collected by the temperature sensor, adjusted the frequency to 30Hz, and increased the refrigerant circulation rate. At the same time, the electric regulating valve of the photovoltaic module (1) was adjusted to 60% opening, and the regulating valve of the energy storage device (2) was adjusted to 50% opening to enhance the heat dissipation capacity. The refrigerant absorbed the heat of the photovoltaic module (1) and the energy storage device (2) through the evaporator (31) and evaporated, causing the temperature of the photovoltaic module (1) to drop back to 30°C and the temperature of the energy storage device (2) to drop to 25°C, ensuring stable operation of the equipment.

[0079] On a winter morning, the temperature of the photovoltaic module (1) drops to 10°C, the energy storage device (2) drops to 12°C, and the hydrogen production equipment (3) drops to 45°C, all below the lower limit of normal operating temperature. The controller (7) activates the reverse circulation mode of the heat exchange unit, using the heat released by the condenser (36) to transfer to each device through the plate heat exchanger. The electric regulating valves of the photovoltaic module (1) and energy storage device (2) sub-circuits are adjusted to 70% and 50% opening respectively, transferring heat to the low-temperature equipment, causing the temperatures of the photovoltaic module (1), energy storage device (2), and hydrogen production equipment (3) to rise back to 20°C, 18°C, and 55°C respectively, restoring their performance.

[0080] If, during system operation, the micro pressure sensor detects a sudden drop in pressure at a connection point in the main circuit, and the gas detection module detects an increase in refrigerant concentration, the controller (7) will immediately issue an alarm, stop the compressor (34) from running, and open the safety valve (35) to release pressure, ensuring that the system pressure returns to a safe range, and notify maintenance personnel to carry out maintenance to prevent environmental pollution and system performance degradation.

[0081] The above specific embodiments clearly demonstrate the effective application of the centralized thermal management system and method of this application in actual photovoltaic-energy storage hydrogen production scenarios. It achieves precise temperature control of each device, rational utilization of thermal energy, and safe and stable operation of the system, effectively solving many thermal management-related problems existing in the prior art and improving the overall performance of the entire photovoltaic-energy storage hydrogen production system.

[0082] The system diagrams described above are merely illustrative. The various components or modules described can be individual parts or integrated into a single device design. Depending on the specific application scenario and load requirements, some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the desired outcome. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement the technical solutions of this application without any inventive effort.

[0083] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand the specific process of centralized thermal management of the photovoltaic-storage hydrogen production system proposed in this application. Those skilled in the art can easily achieve the overall function of the process by selecting units or components and connecting them according to the process.

[0084] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0085] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A centralized thermal management system for a photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production system, characterized in that, include: The system includes multiple thermal management devices, temperature sensors, controllers, multiple thermal management subcircuits, and a centralized thermal management system main loop; the thermal management devices include photovoltaic modules, energy storage devices, and hydrogen production equipment; the thermal management subcircuits include a photovoltaic thermal management subcircuit connected to the photovoltaic modules, an energy storage thermal management subcircuit connected to the energy storage devices, and a hydrogen production thermal management subcircuit connected to the hydrogen production equipment. The main circuit of the centralized thermal management system is connected to multiple thermal management sub-circuits to form a closed refrigerant circulation loop; the refrigerant circulation loop includes at least a compressor. The temperature sensors are installed in key parts of each thermal management device to collect real-time temperature data. The controller is connected to the temperature sensor, the compressor, and the flow regulation components in each thermal management sub-circuit, and is used to control the operating status of the compressor and the flow regulation components according to the real-time temperature data and the preset temperature threshold range, so as to realize centralized management and cascade utilization of the heat of the photovoltaic storage hydrogen production system.

2. The centralized thermal management system for a photovoltaic-storage hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the photovoltaic thermal management subcircuit is connected to the bottom of the cell array and the heat sink in the photovoltaic module, and the other end is connected to the main circuit of the centralized thermal management system. The photovoltaic thermal management subcircuit is equipped with a flow regulating valve and a temperature sensor. The flow regulating valve is used to regulate the flow rate of heat transferred from the photovoltaic module to the main circuit of the centralized thermal management system, and the temperature sensor is used to monitor the thermal status of the photovoltaic thermal management subcircuit in real time.

3. The centralized thermal management system for a photovoltaic-storage hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the energy storage thermal management subcircuit is connected to the inlet and outlet of the battery module in the energy storage device, and the other end is connected to the main circuit of the centralized thermal management system. The energy storage thermal management subcircuit is equipped with an independent flow control element and a temperature sensor to control the heat exchange flow between the energy storage device and the main circuit of the centralized thermal management system.

4. The centralized thermal management system for a photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the hydrogen production thermal management subcircuit is connected to the inlet and outlet of the electrolyzer in the hydrogen production equipment, and the other end is connected to the main circuit of the centralized thermal management system. The hydrogen production thermal management subcircuit is equipped with a flow regulating device and a temperature sensor for managing the heat output of the hydrogen production equipment.

5. The centralized thermal management system for a photovoltaic-storage hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Key components of each thermal management device include: the bottom of the cell array and heat sink in the photovoltaic module, the inlet and outlet positions of the battery module in the energy storage device, and the inlet and outlet of the electrolyzer in the hydrogen production device.

6. The centralized thermal management system for a photovoltaic-storage hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset temperature threshold range includes the normal operating temperature range of photovoltaic modules, the charging and discharging temperature range of energy storage devices, and the reaction temperature range of the equipment.

7. The centralized thermal management system for a photovoltaic-storage hydrogen production system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The refrigerant circulation loop also includes: a condenser, a throttling device, and an evaporator; The condenser is connected to the discharge end of the compressor and is used to condense the refrigerant and release heat; the compressor is a variable frequency compressor, used to compress the refrigerant, and dynamically adjusts the compression ratio and operating frequency according to the control instructions of the controller to adapt to the heat requirements of different thermal management devices. The throttling device is located between the condenser and the evaporator, and is used to control the flow rate and pressure of the refrigerant using an adjustable throttling mechanism; The evaporator is connected to the outlet end of the throttling device and is used to absorb the heat generated by each thermal management device, so that the refrigerant evaporates and absorbs heat.

8. The centralized thermal management system for a photovoltaic-storage hydrogen production system according to claim 7, characterized in that, A leak detection device is also provided between the evaporator and the condenser; The leak detection device includes a pressure sensor and a gas detection module, used to monitor the pressure changes and gas leaks of the refrigerant in real time; When the leak detection device detects a gas leak, it promptly sends an alarm signal to the controller and activates the safety strategy.

9. The centralized thermal management system for a photovoltaic-storage hydrogen production system according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the temperature of the hydrogen production thermal management subcircuit exceeds the limit, the controller increases the operating frequency of the compressor and adjusts the flow rate and direction of the refrigerant in each thermal management subcircuit by controlling the flow regulating components in each thermal management subcircuit.

10. A centralized thermal management method for a photovoltaic-storage hydrogen production system, characterized in that, The centralized thermal management method for a photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production system is applied to the centralized thermal management system for a photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production system as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the centralized thermal management method for a photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen production system includes: Collect real-time temperature data of the thermal management devices corresponding to each thermal management subcircuit; When the real-time temperature data of any thermal management sub-circuit is not within the preset temperature threshold range, the compressor in the refrigerant circulation loop is started, and the operating status of the compressor and flow regulation components is controlled to regulate the flow rate and direction of the refrigerant, so as to realize centralized management and cascade utilization of system heat; the refrigerant circulation loop is composed of the main loop of the centralized thermal management system and multiple thermal management sub-circuits.

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