A safety device for electrical power devices

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of electric power device safety protection device, it is related to electric power safety protection technical field, the device includes power input, power output, power supply safety processing module, detection sampling module, intelligent control module, switch execution module and fault alarm module.Detection sampling module is used to collect the voltage, current, electric leakage, short circuit, load, damp and line state signal of line or electric power device, and intelligent control module generates protection control instruction according to detection signal, and controls switch execution module to connect, limit or cut off power output, simultaneously controls fault alarm module to alarm.The application can realize electric shock protection, short circuit protection, electric leakage protection, overload protection, overvoltage and undervoltage protection, damp protection, line aging protection and fault alarm, with the advantages of high structure integration, high intelligent degree and good safety protection effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power safety protection technology, and in particular to a safety protection device for power devices. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing prevalence of industrial production, engineering construction, warehousing and logistics, mining, and residential electricity consumption, power devices and power supply lines are susceptible to short circuits, leakage, overload, overvoltage, undervoltage, aging lines, dampness and water immersion, and accidental contact by personnel during operation, which can lead to safety accidents such as electric shock, electrical fires, equipment damage, or line failure.

[0003] Existing technologies commonly use devices such as residual current devices (RCDs), circuit breakers, short-circuit protectors, and overload protectors. These devices typically provide power-off protection after a leakage, short-circuit, or overload fault has occurred, by detecting fault current or abnormal conditions exceeding the rated current. This type of protection is largely reactive, and safety hazards such as electric shock, arcing, overheating, malfunction, or failure to operate may still exist between the fault occurrence and the protection's activation. Especially in special scenarios such as dampness, water immersion, aging wiring, or accidental single-wire contact, traditional protection devices struggle to simultaneously meet multiple requirements, including electric shock protection, continuous line operation, fault identification, rapid disconnection, and automatic alarm.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a power device safety protection device that can provide comprehensive safety protection for power supply lines and electrical devices without changing the original power line system, and can realize electric shock protection, short circuit protection, leakage protection, overload protection, over and under voltage protection, moisture protection, line aging protection, and fault alarm through intelligent detection and automatic control. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a safety protection device for power devices, addressing the problems of existing power protection devices, such as limited protection types, delayed protection actions, insufficient adaptability to scenarios involving moisture immersion and accidental human contact, and lack of comprehensive intelligent judgment and automated control.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A power device safety protection device includes a power input terminal, a power output terminal, a power safety processing module, a detection and sampling module, an intelligent control module, a switch execution module, and a fault alarm module; The power input terminal is used to connect to an external power line, and the power output terminal is used to connect to a power line or power device. The power safety processing module is connected between the power input terminal and the power output terminal, and is used to perform safety processing on the input power. The detection and sampling module is used to collect the operating status signals of the power lines or power devices; The intelligent control module is electrically connected to the detection and sampling module, the switch execution module, and the fault alarm module, respectively, and is used to generate protection control commands based on the operating status signal; The switch execution module is used to connect, limit, or disconnect the power output of the power output terminal according to the protection control command; The fault alarm module is used to issue an alarm signal when the intelligent control module determines that a fault has occurred.

[0007] Preferably, the power safety processing module includes one or more of a power distribution unit, a filtering unit, and a surge suppression unit. The power input terminal, the power safety processing module, and the power output terminal are connected in sequence, so that the power device safety protection device can be connected in series between the external power line and the power supply line.

[0008] Preferably, the intelligent control module includes an electric shock protection control unit, which is used to receive abnormal contact signals, leakage signals or abnormal conductive path signals collected by the detection sampling module, and control the power safety processing module and / or the switch execution module to enter the electric shock protection state when it is determined that there is a risk of accidental electric shock to personnel.

[0009] Preferably, the intelligent control module includes a short-circuit identification control unit, which is used to determine the short-circuit state of the line based on the current surge signal, voltage drop signal or short-circuit state signal collected by the detection sampling module, and to control the switch execution module to cut off the power output of the power output terminal when a short-circuit fault is determined to occur.

[0010] Preferably, the intelligent control module includes an overload protection control unit, which has a load protection threshold. The overload protection control unit is used to compare the load signal collected by the detection sampling module with the load protection threshold, and control the switch execution module to cut off or limit the power output when the load signal exceeds the load protection threshold.

[0011] Preferably, the intelligent control module includes an overvoltage and undervoltage protection control unit, which has an overvoltage protection threshold and an undervoltage protection threshold. The overvoltage and undervoltage protection control unit is used to control the switch execution module to shut down the power output of the power output terminal when the line voltage is detected to be higher than the overvoltage protection threshold or lower than the undervoltage protection threshold.

[0012] Preferably, the intelligent control module includes a moisture and line aging protection control unit. The moisture and line aging protection control unit is used to determine the line environment and line status based on the moisture signal, water immersion conductivity signal, insulation abnormality signal or line aging signal collected by the detection sampling module, and to control the switch execution module to enter the protection state when it is determined that there is a risk of moisture conductivity, water immersion, insulation degradation or line aging fault.

[0013] Preferably, the intelligent control module includes a fault alarm and reset control unit. The fault alarm and reset control unit is used to control the fault alarm module to issue an audible and visual alarm signal when the intelligent control module determines that a short circuit, leakage, overload, overvoltage, undervoltage, abnormal humidity, or aging line fault has occurred. The fault alarm module will remain in a fault-locked state until a fault clearance signal and / or a reset signal are detected, after which the fault-locked state will be released.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention integrates a power safety processing module, a detection and sampling module, an intelligent control module, a switch execution module, and a fault alarm module. It can be used without altering the existing power supply system, providing unified protection for electrical devices and wiring. The device can detect and judge abnormal states such as electric shock, leakage, short circuit, overload, overvoltage, and undervoltage, and automatically execute energy limiting, disconnection, or alarm control, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the power system.

[0015] This invention further utilizes an intelligent control module to comprehensively identify conditions such as dampness, water immersion, line aging, and insulation abnormalities. Based on the fault level, it executes warning, power-off, locking, and reset controls, preventing secondary accidents caused by repeated power-on while the fault remains unresolved. Compared to traditional single protection devices, this invention offers advantages such as multiple protection types, timely response, high automation, and wide applicability, reducing the risks of electric shock, arcing, and electrical fires. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural modules of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the overall flowchart of the intelligent control module of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the electric shock and leakage protection process of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the short-circuit and overload protection of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the overvoltage and undervoltage protection process of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the moisture and circuit aging protection process of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the fault alarm and reset process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to explain the technical solution of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Without departing from the concept of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make adaptive adjustments to the specific circuit form, device model and control parameters of each module according to the specific voltage level, power range, application environment and power device type.

[0018] Please see Figure 1 This invention provides a safety protection device for electrical devices, applicable to single-phase AC lines, three-phase AC lines, and DC power supply lines. The device can be connected in series between an external power supply line and the power consumption line. The external power supply line is connected to the power input terminal of this device. After safety processing, status detection, and intelligent control by this device, power is supplied to downstream power consumption lines, electrical devices, or electrical equipment from the power output terminal. Through this connection method, this device can achieve comprehensive safety protection for downstream power consumption systems without changing the main structure of the original power line system.

[0019] Please continue reading. Figure 1 In one embodiment, the power device safety protection device includes a housing, and a power input terminal, a power output terminal, a power safety processing module, a detection and sampling module, an intelligent control module, a switch execution module, and a fault alarm module disposed within or on the housing. The housing may be an insulating housing, a flame-retardant housing, or a metal housing with an insulating inner lining. The power input terminal is used to connect to an external power line, and the power output terminal is used to connect to the power line or power device. For a single-phase line, the power input terminal and the power output terminal may each include a live wire terminal and a neutral wire terminal; for a three-phase line, they may each include a three-phase terminal and a neutral wire terminal; for a DC line, they may each include a positive terminal and a negative terminal.

[0020] Please see Figure 1 The power safety processing module is connected between the power input terminal and the power output terminal to perform safety processing on the input power. Specifically, the power safety processing module may include one or more of the following: a power distribution unit, a filtering unit, a surge suppression unit, an isolation protection unit, and an energy limiting unit. The power distribution unit is used to distribute, transform, or branch the input power; the filtering unit is used to filter out noise, spike pulses, or high-frequency interference in the line; the surge suppression unit is used to suppress transient impacts caused by lightning surges, power grid fluctuations, or switching actions; the isolation protection unit is used to reduce the impact of input-side anomalies on the output-side line; and the energy limiting unit is used to limit the release of abnormal energy in the early stages of abnormal contact, leakage, or short circuit, thereby reducing the risk of electric shock, arcing, and heat accumulation.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 The detection sampling module is used to collect operating status signals of power lines or power devices. The detection sampling module may include one or more of the following: voltage detection unit, current detection unit, leakage current detection unit, short circuit detection unit, load detection unit, humidity detection unit, and line status detection unit. The voltage detection unit is used to collect voltage signals at the input or output terminals; the current detection unit is used to collect the line operating current; the leakage current detection unit is used to collect residual current, ground current, or abnormal conductive path signals; the short circuit detection unit is used to collect signals of sudden current changes, voltage drops, or abnormal line impedance; the load detection unit is used to collect the changing status of downstream loads; the humidity detection unit is used to detect the humidity, condensation, immersion in water, or conductive liquid conditions of terminals, lines, equipment casings, or the surrounding environment; and the line status detection unit is used to detect insulation degradation, line aging, poor contact, or multi-point fault conditions.

[0022] In practical implementation, the voltage detection unit can employ a resistive voltage divider sampling circuit, a voltage transformer, or an isolated sampling circuit; the current detection unit can employ a current transformer, a Hall current sensor, or a sampling resistor; the leakage current detection unit can employ a residual current detection coil, a ground current detection circuit, or an insulation impedance detection circuit; and the humidity detection unit can employ a humidity sensor, a conductive probe, or a water immersion detection electrode. These detection units can be set up separately or integrated onto the same detection circuit board.

[0023] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The intelligent control module is electrically connected to the detection and sampling module, the power safety processing module, the switch execution module, and the fault alarm module. The intelligent control module receives the operating status signal output by the detection and sampling module and generates protection control commands based on preset protection thresholds, fault judgment rules, or control programs. The intelligent control module can employ a microcontroller, digital signal processor, programmable logic controller, comparison and judgment circuit, logic control circuit, or embedded control unit. The intelligent control module can preset voltage thresholds, current thresholds, leakage current thresholds, short-circuit thresholds, load protection thresholds, overvoltage protection thresholds, undervoltage protection thresholds, moisture conductivity thresholds, line aging judgment thresholds, protection delay time, and reset conditions. These thresholds can be set via buttons, knobs, DIP switches, displays, communication interfaces, or factory presets.

[0024] Please see Figure 1The switch execution module is used to connect, limit, or disconnect the power output of the power output terminal according to the protection control commands output by the intelligent control module. The switch execution module can employ relays, contactors, circuit breaker drive mechanisms, solid-state relays, thyristors, MOSFETs, IGBTs, or other power switching devices. For higher power applications, the switch execution module can adopt a combination of mechanical and electronic switches to balance fast response and reliable disconnection. The switch execution module can also be equipped with a status feedback terminal to feed back the connection, disconnection, or abnormal operation status to the intelligent control module.

[0025] Please see Figure 1 The fault alarm module is used to issue an alarm signal when the intelligent control module determines that a fault has occurred or executes a protection action. The fault alarm module may include an alarm light, a fault indicator light, a buzzer, a display screen, a communication alarm unit, or a remote alarm interface. The fault alarm module can output different alarm formats according to different fault types, such as short circuit alarm, leakage current alarm, overload alarm, overvoltage alarm, undervoltage alarm, humidity alarm, and line abnormality alarm, so that users can quickly identify and troubleshoot faults.

[0026] Please see Figure 2 After the device is powered on, the intelligent control module first executes initialization and self-test procedures. The self-test includes power input status detection, output short-circuit detection, detection sampling module operation status detection, switch execution module feedback status detection, fault alarm module operation status detection, and protection parameter reading. If the self-test result is normal, the intelligent control module controls the switch execution module to connect the power output, allowing downstream power lines or devices to enter normal power supply mode. If the self-test detects an output short circuit, abnormal line insulation, water immersion, switch execution module malfunction, or detection sampling module malfunction, the intelligent control module prohibits power output and controls the fault alarm module to issue a corresponding alarm signal.

[0027] Please continue reading. Figure 2 During normal operation, the detection and sampling module continuously or periodically collects voltage, current, leakage current, short circuit, load, humidity, and line status signals, and sends the results to the intelligent control module. The intelligent control module compares these operating status signals with the corresponding protection thresholds. When the detection signal is within the normal range, the intelligent control module keeps the switch execution module on; when the detection signal exceeds the preset threshold or meets the fault judgment conditions, the intelligent control module executes corresponding protection control according to the fault type.

[0028] Please see Figure 3For protection against accidental electric shock and leakage current, the intelligent control module receives signals from the leakage current detection unit, abnormal conductive path detection unit, or line status detection unit. When it detects an abnormally energized trend due to accidental contact with a person or equipment casing, or an abnormal grounding path in the line, the intelligent control module determines that there is a risk of electric shock or leakage current and controls the power safety processing module to enter a safe output or power limiting state. Simultaneously, based on the risk level, it controls the switch execution module to limit or cut off the output, thereby reducing the risk of electric shock. Once the risk is eliminated, the intelligent control module can restore normal power supply according to reset conditions.

[0029] Please see Figure 4 For short-circuit protection, the intelligent control module determines whether a short circuit has occurred based on current surge signals, voltage drop signals, or abnormal line impedance signals. When the current rises sharply in a short period of time, the output voltage drops abnormally, or the line impedance falls below the short-circuit detection threshold, the intelligent control module determines that a short-circuit fault has occurred and immediately controls the switch execution module to cut off the power output. At the same time, it controls the fault alarm module to issue a short-circuit alarm signal to reduce the risk of arcing, heat accumulation, and electrical fires.

[0030] Please continue reading. Figure 4 For overload protection, the intelligent control module compares the load signal collected by the current detection unit or load detection unit with the load protection threshold. When the load signal exceeds the load protection threshold and the duration reaches the preset overload judgment time, the intelligent control module controls the switch execution module to cut off or limit the power output and issues an overload alarm signal. For short-term impact loads, the intelligent control module can avoid false triggering through a delay judgment; for continuous overloads, it executes power-off protection to prevent line overheating, insulation aging, or equipment damage.

[0031] Please see Figure 5 For overvoltage and undervoltage protection, the intelligent control module receives the voltage signal collected by the voltage detection unit and compares it with the overvoltage protection threshold and the undervoltage protection threshold, respectively. When the line voltage is higher than the overvoltage protection threshold or lower than the undervoltage protection threshold, the intelligent control module controls the switch execution module to shut off the power output and controls the fault alarm module to issue an overvoltage or undervoltage alarm signal. The device can restore power supply after the voltage returns to the normal range and the reset conditions are met.

[0032] Please see Figure 6For protection against moisture and line aging, the intelligent control module determines the line environment and line status based on signals collected by the moisture detection unit and the line status detection unit. When moisture, condensation, water immersion, contact with conductive liquid, decreased insulation resistance, line aging, or multiple abnormal faults are detected, the intelligent control module controls the power safety processing module to enter the protection state. When the conductivity value reaches the moisture conductivity threshold or there is a short circuit risk, the intelligent control module controls the switch execution module to cut off the power output and issues a moisture or line abnormality alarm signal. Before the fault is cleared, the intelligent control module can maintain a fault lockout state, prohibiting the device from restarting or preventing the power output from being reconnected.

[0033] Please see Figure 7 Regarding fault alarm and reset control, the intelligent control module can record the fault type, protection action status, and reset status. For high-risk faults such as short circuits, severe leakage, water immersion, and aging lines, manual reset is preferred. This means that after the fault is cleared and the user performs the reset operation, the intelligent control module re-detects the line status, and once it confirms normal operation, the fault lockout is released and power is restored. For low-risk faults such as transient voltage fluctuations, automatic reset can be used. This means that after the detection signal returns to normal and remains stable for a preset time, the intelligent control module controls the switch to reconnect.

[0034] The power device safety protection device of this invention is applicable to AC / DC power supplies ranging from 2V to 1250V, with a power range of 0 to 50kW or higher, and can be customized according to actual application needs. This device can be applied in industrial production, warehousing and logistics, mining, engineering construction, and other scenarios where electrical safety protection is required. Through the above structure and control method, this invention can achieve protection against electric shock, leakage, short circuit, overload, over / under voltage, moisture, line aging, and fault alarms for power devices and power lines, improving the safety and reliability of the power system.

[0035] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A safety protection device for electrical components, characterized in that, It includes a power input terminal, a power output terminal, a power safety processing module, a detection and sampling module, an intelligent control module, a switch execution module, and a fault alarm module; The power input terminal is used to connect to an external power line, and the power output terminal is used to connect to a power line or power device. The power safety processing module is connected between the power input terminal and the power output terminal, and is used to perform safety processing on the input power. The detection and sampling module is used to collect the operating status signals of the power lines or power devices; The intelligent control module is electrically connected to the detection and sampling module, the switch execution module, and the fault alarm module, respectively, and is used to generate protection control commands based on the operating status signal; The switch execution module is used to connect, limit, or disconnect the power output of the power output terminal according to the protection control command; The fault alarm module is used to issue an alarm signal when the intelligent control module determines that a fault has occurred.

2. The safety protection device for power devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power safety processing module includes one or more of a power distribution unit, a filtering unit, and a surge suppression unit. The power input terminal, the power safety processing module, and the power output terminal are connected in sequence, so that the power device safety protection device can be connected in series between the external power line and the power supply line.

3. The safety protection device for power devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control module includes an electric shock protection control unit, which is used to receive abnormal contact signals, leakage signals or abnormal conductive path signals collected by the detection and sampling module, and when it is determined that there is a risk of accidental electric shock to personnel, control the power safety processing module and / or the switch execution module to enter the electric shock protection state.

4. A safety protection device for electrical devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control module includes a short-circuit identification control unit, which is used to determine the short-circuit state of the line based on the current surge signal, voltage drop signal or short-circuit state signal collected by the detection sampling module, and control the switch execution module to cut off the power output of the power output terminal when a short-circuit fault is determined to occur.

5. A safety protection device for power devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control module includes an overload protection control unit, which has a load protection threshold. The overload protection control unit is used to compare the load signal collected by the detection sampling module with the load protection threshold, and control the switch execution module to cut off or limit the power output when the load signal exceeds the load protection threshold.

6. A safety protection device for power devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control module includes an overvoltage and undervoltage protection control unit. The overvoltage and undervoltage protection control unit is equipped with an overvoltage protection threshold and an undervoltage protection threshold. The overvoltage and undervoltage protection control unit is used to control the switch execution module to shut down the power output of the power output terminal when the line voltage is detected to be higher than the overvoltage protection threshold or lower than the undervoltage protection threshold.

7. A safety protection device for power devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control module includes a moisture and line aging protection control unit. The moisture and line aging protection control unit is used to determine the line environment and line status based on the moisture signal, water immersion conductivity signal, insulation abnormality signal or line aging signal collected by the detection and sampling module. When it is determined that there is a risk of moisture conductivity, water immersion, insulation degradation or line aging fault, the control unit controls the switch execution module to enter the protection state.

8. A safety protection device for power devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control module includes a fault alarm and reset control unit. The fault alarm and reset control unit is used to control the fault alarm module to issue an audible and visual alarm signal when the intelligent control module determines that a short circuit, leakage, overload, overvoltage, undervoltage, abnormal humidity, or aging line fault has occurred. The fault alarm module will remain in a fault-locked state until a fault clearance signal and / or a reset signal are detected, after which the fault-locked state will be released.

Images