Hybrid energy storage and SVG coordinated control system and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of hybrid energy storage, and discloses a hybrid energy storage and SVG cooperative control system and method, comprising a power conversion and execution module, a cooperative control and decision module, a sensing and monitoring module, an energy management and scheduling module, and a safety and protection module; the power conversion and execution module is connected with a bidirectional DC / DC converter module, an SVG converter module, an LCL filter module, and a pre-charging and grid-connected switch module; through the cooperation of the bidirectional DC / DC converter and the SVG converter module in the power conversion and execution module, combined with the power distribution decoupling algorithm in the cooperative control and decision module, the system can accurately distribute high-frequency transient components to the super capacitor and the SVG with a response speed of milliseconds, and distribute low-frequency steady-state components to the lithium battery; this strategy of combining long and short not only solves the problem of power grid transient impact, but also avoids the life attenuation of the lithium battery caused by frequent large-current charging and discharging.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hybrid energy storage technology, specifically a hybrid energy storage and SVG collaborative control system and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the advancement of the "dual carbon" target, new energy sources, represented by photovoltaics and wind power, are increasingly accounting for a larger share in the new power system. However, new energy power generation is characterized by significant intermittency, volatility, and randomness. Large-scale grid connection can impact the power grid, leading to voltage fluctuations, frequency exceeding limits, and power quality degradation. Existing technologies typically employ Static Var Generators (SVG) for reactive power compensation or a single energy storage system for active power regulation. However, lithium batteries have high energy density but low power density, making it difficult to cope with millisecond-level power surges. Supercapacitors have high power density but low energy density, failing to provide long-term energy support. Single energy storage systems often fail to address both aspects, resulting in shortened equipment lifespan or insufficient regulation capabilities. In traditional solutions, SVG is mainly responsible for reactive power and voltage support, while energy storage is mainly responsible for active power balance. The two often operate independently or only in simple parallel operation, leading to poor operational economy and potential safety hazards. Therefore, we propose a hybrid energy storage and SVG collaborative control system and method. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a hybrid energy storage and SVG collaborative control system and method, which effectively solves the above problems.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a hybrid energy storage and SVG coordinated control system, comprising a power conversion and execution module, a coordinated control and decision-making module, a sensing and monitoring module, an energy management and scheduling module, and a safety and protection module;

[0005] The power conversion and execution module is connected to a bidirectional DC / DC converter module, an SVG converter module, an LCL filter module, and a pre-charge and grid-connected switch module;

[0006] The collaborative control and decision-making module is connected to a central collaborative controller, a power distribution decoupling module, a reactive and active power decoupling control module, and a pulse width modulation drive module.

[0007] The sensing and monitoring module is connected to a power grid electrical parameter acquisition module, an energy storage status monitoring module, a DC bus voltage monitoring module, and an insulation monitoring module;

[0008] The energy management and scheduling module is connected to an operation mode discrimination module, a charge and discharge optimization management module, and an on-grid / off-grid switching control module;

[0009] The safety and protection module is connected to a hardware overcurrent and overvoltage protection module, a thermal management control module, and a fault recording and diagnosis module.

[0010] Preferably, the power conversion and execution module is connected to an isolation transformer and reactor module, an energy storage bidirectional active balancing hardware module, and a damping filter module;

[0011] The collaborative control and decision-making module is connected to a virtual synchronous generator control module, a harmonic mitigation and compensation control module, and a grid connection point voltage support module.

[0012] The sensing and monitoring module is connected to an environmental status sensing module, a power quality analysis module, and an equipment acoustic and vibration monitoring module.

[0013] The energy management and scheduling module is connected to a peak-valley arbitrage and spot trading module, a demand-side response (DR) control module, and a source-grid-load-storage coordinated scheduling module.

[0014] The safety and protection module is connected to a network security protection module, an electrical misoperation prevention module, and a fire-fighting linkage control module.

[0015] Preferably, the bidirectional DC / DC converter module is connected to a power switch and drive submodule, an energy storage interface adapter submodule, a current sharing control submodule, and a soft start / stop control submodule;

[0016] The SVG converter module is connected to a three-phase full-bridge inverter submodule, a DC support capacitor submodule, a dead-time compensation and PWM decoding submodule, and a redundant bypass module.

[0017] The LCL filter module is connected to a high-order filter network submodule, a damping control submodule, a differential-mode and common-mode suppression submodule, and a temperature monitoring submodule;

[0018] The pre-charging and grid-connected switch module is connected to a graded current-limiting pre-charging sub-module, a solid-state circuit breaker sub-module, a mechanical disconnecting switch sub-module, and an arc flash protection sub-module.

[0019] Preferably, the central collaborative controller is connected to a multi-core parallel processing submodule, an instruction parsing and priority arbitration submodule, a global clock synchronization submodule, and an on-chip self-test and watchdog submodule;

[0020] The power allocation decoupling module is connected to a frequency domain decomposition filter submodule, a fuzzy adaptive allocation submodule, a power margin evaluation submodule, and a dynamic response compensation submodule.

[0021] The reactive-active decoupling control module is connected to a three-phase stationary / rotating coordinate transformation submodule, an inner current loop PI regulation submodule, a phase-locked loop synchronization submodule, and an outer voltage loop control module.

[0022] The pulse width modulation driving module is connected to a space vector generation submodule, a dead time and compensation submodule, and a switching frequency jitter submodule.

[0023] Preferably, the power grid electrical parameter acquisition module is connected to a signal conditioning and anti-aliasing submodule, a synchronous sampling and holding submodule, a digital phase-locked loop submodule, and a harmonic spectrum analysis submodule;

[0024] The energy storage status monitoring module is connected to a simulation front-end acquisition submodule, a fusion estimation submodule, a passive / active balancing control submodule, and a thermal runaway early warning submodule.

[0025] The DC bus voltage monitoring module is connected to a high voltage divider sampling submodule, a ripple RMS value calculation submodule, a voltage / undervoltage hysteresis comparison submodule, and a voltage equalization monitoring submodule.

[0026] The insulation monitoring module is connected to a balanced bridge / unbalanced bridge measurement submodule, an injection signal detection submodule, an insulation early warning and location submodule, and a leakage current sensor submodule.

[0027] Preferably, the operating mode discrimination module is connected to a working condition feature extraction submodule, a state machine switching logic submodule, a boundary condition judgment submodule, and a mode conflict arbitration submodule;

[0028] The charge / discharge optimization management module is connected to a multi-objective optimization scheduling submodule, a dynamic programming and model prediction control submodule, a lifetime loss estimation submodule, and an adaptive SOC adjustment submodule.

[0029] The on-grid / off-grid switching control module is connected to an island detection and identification submodule, a pre-synchronization control submodule, a seamless switching logic submodule, and a black start support submodule.

[0030] Preferably, the hardware overcurrent and overvoltage protection module is connected to an analog threshold comparison submodule, a DESAT desaturation protection submodule, a drive interlock and dead zone hardware submodule, and a fault latch and reset submodule.

[0031] The thermal management control module is connected to an NTC / PTC linear temperature measurement submodule, a junction temperature estimation algorithm submodule, a multi-level variable speed heat dissipation control submodule, and an overheat derating submodule.

[0032] The fault recording and diagnosis module is connected to a trigger condition configuration submodule, a high-speed data cache submodule, a fault code generation submodule, and a black box encrypted storage submodule.

[0033] A method for using a hybrid energy storage and SVG collaborative control system: First, the sensing and monitoring module is fully activated. The grid electrical parameter acquisition module uses PT, CT, and Hall sensors to sample three-phase voltage, current, and phase in real time. Simultaneously, the environmental status sensing module monitors the temperature, humidity, and security status of the equipment room. The energy storage status monitoring module (BMS / CMS) accurately estimates the battery's SOC and SOH, and the insulation monitoring module (IMD) detects the DC system's resistance to ground. This ensures that all state variables are processed by the signal conditioning and anti-aliasing submodule before being uploaded to the collaborative control and decision-making module. Subsequently, the central collaborative controller, based on DSP... Alternatively, an FPGA architecture may be used. This architecture receives commands from the energy management and scheduling module (which analyzes grid conditions through an operating mode discrimination module, combines peak-valley arbitrage and spot trading strategies, and uses a charge / discharge optimization management module based on a lifetime model to calculate the optimal total active / reactive demand). The commands are then processed by a power allocation decoupling module, which uses low-pass / high-pass filters or wavelet transform decomposition submodules to decompose the commands. High-frequency components are allocated to the supercapacitor and SVG to handle transient fluctuations, while low-frequency components are allocated to the lithium battery to handle long-term trends. Following this, a reactive-active power decoupling control module is used based on a dq-axis decoupling strategy and a virtual... The inertial support logic of the pseudo-synchronous generator (VSG) control module independently regulates the reactive power output of the SVG and the active power output of the hybrid energy storage, and the pulse width modulation (PWM) drive module converts the reference wave into a specific switching sequence. Meanwhile, in the power conversion and execution module, the bidirectional DC / DC converter module precisely controls the charging and discharging current and direction of the energy storage unit according to instructions. The SVG converter module (three-phase inverter) inverts the DC bus voltage into an AC voltage with the same frequency and phase as the AC grid. High-frequency harmonics are then filtered out by the LCL filter module and the damping filter module, and finally, the voltage is connected to the grid through the pre-charging and grid-connection switching module. The power grid, along with isolation transformers and reactor modules, provides electrical isolation and short-circuit limiting. Throughout operation, the safety and protection modules are on 24 / 7 alert. Hardware overcurrent and overvoltage protection modules respond to anomalies within microseconds. The thermal management control module works with the cooling system to prevent overheating. The network security protection module defends against external attacks. The fire-fighting linkage control module is on standby to prevent fires. Meanwhile, the fault recording and diagnosis module continuously records electrical waveforms and status data. Together with the remote fault diagnosis cloud interface submodule, it achieves full lifecycle "black box" management of the system, ensuring that the system can operate safely, economically, and efficiently under any operating conditions.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] 1. This system, through the cooperation of the bidirectional DC / DC converter and SVG converter module in the power conversion and execution module, combined with the power allocation decoupling algorithm in the collaborative control and decision module, can accurately allocate high-frequency transient components to the supercapacitor and SVG with a response speed of milliseconds, while allocating low-frequency steady-state components to the lithium battery. This "combination of long and short" strategy not only solves the problem of transient impact on the power grid, but also avoids the lifespan degradation of the lithium battery caused by frequent high-current charging and discharging.

[0036] 2. This system utilizes a reactive-active decoupling control module to achieve decoupling control of SVG and hybrid energy storage. SVG focuses on reactive voltage support, while hybrid energy storage focuses on active power balance. The system is given virtual inertia through algorithms such as virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control. This enables the system to accurately manage harmonics and compensate reactive power in grid-connected mode, and to maintain voltage and frequency stability in off-grid or weak grid mode, significantly improving the resilience of the microgrid.

[0037] 3. This system incorporates an energy management and scheduling module, which uses a charge / discharge optimization management module for dynamic planning based on cost functions and lifetime models. The system can not only automatically perform peak shaving and valley filling based on peak and valley electricity prices to achieve economic benefits, but also adaptively adjust charging and discharging strategies according to the battery's SOC and SOH states to maximize system cycle life. Simultaneously, the safety and protection module provides comprehensive protection from microsecond-level hardware overcurrent / overvoltage blocking to thermal management control, coupled with fault recording and diagnostic functions, ensuring the inherent safety of the system.

[0038] 4. Relying on the sensing and monitoring module, this system not only collects conventional electrical parameters, but also performs cell-level management through the energy storage status monitoring module (BMS / CMS). Combined with insulation monitoring and power quality analysis, it constructs a holographic profile of the power grid and equipment. The central coordinating controller performs multi-objective optimization based on this massive amount of data, realizing a leap from "passive response" to "active prediction and coordination". Attached Figure Description

[0039] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0040] In the attached diagram:

[0041] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the power conversion and execution module of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the collaborative control and decision-making module of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the sensing and monitoring module of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a block diagram of the energy management and scheduling module of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a block diagram of the safety and protection module of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Example 1: A hybrid energy storage and SVG collaborative control system:

[0049] It includes a power conversion and execution module (hardware layer), a collaborative control and decision-making module (algorithm layer), a perception and monitoring module (sensor layer), an energy management and scheduling module (strategy layer), and a safety and protection module (protection layer).

[0050] The power conversion and execution module is connected to a bidirectional DC / DC converter module, an SVG converter module (three-phase inverter), an LCL filter module, and a pre-charge and grid-connection switch module;

[0051] The bidirectional DC / DC converter module connects the energy storage medium (battery, supercapacitor) to the DC bus to achieve voltage level matching and precisely control the charging and discharging current and power flow of the energy storage unit;

[0052] SVG converter module (three-phase inverter): adopts voltage source inverter (VSI) topology to invert DC bus voltage into AC voltage with the same frequency and phase as AC grid. By controlling the phase difference between output voltage and current, it realizes rapid reactive power throughput.

[0053] LCL filter module: Filters out high-frequency harmonics generated by the converter switching frequency, suppresses current ripple, and ensures that the grid-connected current waveform complies with power quality standards such as IEEE 519.

[0054] Pre-charging and grid-connection switch module: includes contactors and solid-state relays, used for current-limiting pre-charging during system startup, and for quickly cutting off the main circuit in case of a fault to achieve electrical isolation;

[0055] The collaborative control and decision-making module is connected to a central collaborative controller, a power distribution decoupling module, a reactive and active power decoupling control module, and a pulse width modulation (PWM) drive module.

[0056] Central Coordination Controller: Based on DSP or FPGA architecture, it runs upper-level control algorithms, receives scheduling instructions and grid status, calculates total active / reactive power demand, and sends PWM drive signals to each execution unit;

[0057] Power distribution decoupling module: Using low-pass / high-pass filters or fuzzy control algorithms, the power command is decomposed into different frequency bands. The high-frequency component is allocated to the supercapacitor and SVG (to deal with transient fluctuations), and the low-frequency component is allocated to the lithium battery (to deal with long-term trends).

[0058] Reactive and active power decoupling control module: Based on the dq axis decoupling control strategy, it independently controls the reactive power (support voltage) output by SVG and the active power (balance energy) output by hybrid energy storage to achieve decoupling control;

[0059] Pulse width modulation drive module: converts the reference wave generated by the control algorithm into a specific switching sequence to drive IGBT or SiCMOSFET power devices;

[0060] The sensing and monitoring module is connected to a power grid electrical parameter acquisition module, an energy storage status monitoring module (BMS / CMS), a DC bus voltage monitoring module, and an insulation monitoring module (IMD).

[0061] Power grid electrical parameter acquisition module: Through voltage transformers (PT), current transformers (CT) and Hall sensors, it samples the three-phase voltage, current, frequency and phase of the power grid in real time, and calculates the power factor and harmonic distortion rate (THD).

[0062] Energy storage status monitoring module: monitors the internal resistance, voltage, and temperature of individual lithium batteries and supercapacitors, estimates the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) in real time, and executes cell balancing strategies;

[0063] DC bus voltage monitoring module: Real-time monitoring of DC side capacitor voltage to ensure that the bus voltage is stable within the allowable range and prevent overvoltage from damaging the device;

[0064] Insulation monitoring module (IMD): detects the insulation resistance of the DC system to ground, and triggers alarms or protection when a leakage fault occurs to ensure personal safety;

[0065] The energy management and scheduling module is connected to an operation mode determination module, a charge and discharge optimization management module, and a grid-connected / off-grid switching control module;

[0066] Operating mode determination module: Automatically switches the system operating mode (such as constant voltage control, constant reactive power output, peak shaving and valley filling) according to the power grid conditions (such as voltage over-limit, frequency fluctuation, and plan tracking).

[0067] Charge and discharge optimization management module: Based on cost function or lifetime model, optimize the charge and discharge strategy of hybrid energy storage to avoid overcharging and over-discharging of batteries and maximize system cycle life;

[0068] On-grid / off-grid switching control module: In the event of a grid fault or maintenance, it controls the SVG and energy storage to work together to achieve a seamless switch to islanded operation mode and maintain the stability of the local microgrid;

[0069] The safety and protection module is connected to a hardware overcurrent and overvoltage protection module, a thermal management control module, and a fault recording and diagnosis module;

[0070] Hardware overcurrent and overvoltage protection module: Comparator-based analog circuit protection. When the current or voltage exceeds the hardware threshold, the drive pulse is blocked within microseconds, which is faster than software protection.

[0071] Thermal management control module: Monitors IGBT junction temperature and ambient temperature, and activates cooling fans or liquid cooling systems to prevent power devices from failing due to overheating;

[0072] Fault recording and diagnosis module: Records electrical waveforms and status data before and after a fault occurs, used for fault cause analysis and system black box function;

[0073] The power conversion and execution module is connected to an isolation transformer and reactor module, an energy storage bidirectional active balancing hardware module, and a damping filter module;

[0074] Isolation transformer and reactor module: Provides electrical isolation, suppresses common-mode interference, and limits short-circuit current surges through series reactors to ensure converter safety;

[0075] Energy storage bidirectional active balancing hardware module: A hardware balancing circuit independent of BMS, which realizes lossless energy transfer between cells through inductors or capacitors, improving battery consistency;

[0076] Damping filter module: To address potential resonance spikes in LCL filters, passive or active damping circuits are added to prevent system oscillations in weak grid environments.

[0077] The collaborative control and decision-making module is connected to the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control module, the harmonic mitigation and compensation control module, and the grid connection point (PCC) voltage support module;

[0078] Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) Control Module: Simulates the rotor motion equation of a synchronous generator, enabling hybrid energy storage and SVG to exhibit inertial response in tandem, supporting grid frequency stability;

[0079] Harmonic mitigation and compensation control module: Specifically responsible for detecting specific harmonics (such as the 3rd, 5th, and 7th harmonics) in the power grid and controlling the SVG to output reverse harmonics for cancellation;

[0080] Point of connection (PCC) voltage support module: By adjusting the reactive power output impedance of the SVG, it stabilizes the grid connection point voltage, which is particularly suitable for remote access scenarios with large line impedance.

[0081] The sensing and monitoring module is connected to an environmental status sensing module, a power quality analysis module, and an equipment acoustic and vibration monitoring module.

[0082] Environmental status sensing module: monitors temperature and humidity, smoke concentration, water immersion status, and door and window opening and closing status in the computer room, providing data for security and fire protection linkage;

[0083] Power quality analysis module: It not only collects data, but also analyzes complex power quality events such as voltage dips, swells, interruptions and flicker in real time, and generates statistical reports;

[0084] Equipment acoustic and vibration monitoring module: Collects sound and vibration characteristics of transformers, fans and power modules through microphones and vibration sensors to identify early mechanical faults;

[0085] The energy management and scheduling module is connected to the peak-valley arbitrage and spot trading module, the demand-side response (DR) control module, and the source-grid-load-storage coordinated scheduling module.

[0086] Peak-valley arbitrage and spot trading module: Connects to electricity market trading data and automatically formulates the optimal charging and discharging plan for energy storage based on real-time electricity price fluctuations to maximize economic benefits;

[0087] Demand-side response (DR) control module: Responds to the grid company's invitation to peak shaving and valley filling, releases energy storage or reduces reactive power of SVG during peak grid load periods to obtain subsidy revenue;

[0088] Source-grid-load-storage coordinated dispatch module: connects to the microgrid EMS system, receives dispatch instructions from the upper level, and coordinates the overall operation strategy of photovoltaic, wind power, load and energy storage;

[0089] The safety and protection module is connected to a network security protection module, an electrical misoperation prevention module, and a fire alarm control module;

[0090] Network security protection module: Deployed in industrial firewalls and communication gateways to defend against network attacks (such as malicious command injection and DoS attacks) targeting power monitoring systems.

[0091] Electrical anti-misoperation module: Based on the "five-prevention" logic (preventing accidental opening and closing of circuit breakers, opening and closing of disconnectors under load, etc.), it blocks erroneous operation commands through hard wiring or software logic;

[0092] Fire alarm control module: When a fire is detected, it automatically cuts off non-fire-fighting power, activates the gas extinguishing system, and uploads the fire alarm signal to the fire control system.

[0093] The bidirectional DC / DC converter module is connected to a power switch and drive submodule, an energy storage interface adapter submodule, a current sharing control submodule, and a soft start-stop control submodule: through the slope gradual change control logic, it suppresses the surge current at the moment of power-on and protects the energy storage cell from impact.

[0094] Power switch and drive submodule: includes an array of IGBT or SiCMOSFET power devices and a matching high-voltage isolation drive circuit, responsible for performing high-frequency switching operations;

[0095] Energy storage interface adapter submodule: includes LC input filter circuit and reverse polarity protection circuit, used to smooth current ripple on the energy storage side and ensure connection safety;

[0096] Current sharing control submodule: When multiple machines are running in parallel, the load current between each converter is automatically balanced through master-slave or droop control algorithms;

[0097] Soft start-stop control submodule: Through slope gradual change control logic, it suppresses the surge current at the moment of power-on and protects the energy storage cell from impact;

[0098] The SVG converter module is connected to a three-phase full-bridge inverter submodule, a DC support capacitor submodule, a dead-time compensation and PWM decoding submodule, and a redundant bypass submodule.

[0099] The three-phase full-bridge inverter submodule consists of six sets of high-performance power semiconductor devices and is the core actuator for DC / AC conversion.

[0100] DC support capacitor submodule: composed of large-capacity electrolytic capacitors or film capacitors, used to stabilize DC bus voltage and absorb high-frequency pulsating current generated by switching action;

[0101] Dead-time compensation and PWM decoding submodule: Receives controller commands, generates PWM drive signals with dead-time protection, and performs nonlinear compensation in real time to reduce output waveform distortion;

[0102] Redundant bypass submodule: When an inverter fails, the faulty unit is quickly disconnected from the grid via a static switch (SS) or AC contactor, ensuring that the rest of the system continues to operate.

[0103] The LCL filter module is connected to a high-order filter network submodule, a damping control submodule, a differential-mode / common-mode suppression submodule, and a temperature monitoring submodule;

[0104] High-order filter network submodule: A third-order filter network consisting of inverter-side inductors, filter capacitors, and grid-side inductors, providing high-frequency attenuation characteristics;

[0105] Damping control submodule: integrates passive resistor damping or active virtual damping algorithms to suppress LCL resonance spikes and prevent the system from oscillating at specific frequencies;

[0106] Differential-mode / common-mode suppression submodule: includes a common-mode inductor and a Y capacitor, specifically designed to filter out high-frequency interference noise to ground and between lines;

[0107] Temperature monitoring submodule: An NTC thermistor is pre-embedded inside the filter inductor to monitor the saturation state of the magnetic core and the temperature rise of the coil in real time to prevent overheating and burnout;

[0108] The pre-charging and grid-connected switch module is connected to a graded current-limiting pre-charging sub-module, a solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) sub-module, a mechanical disconnect switch sub-module, and an arc flash protection sub-module;

[0109] Graded current limiting pre-charge submodule: It consists of a power resistor, a pre-charge contactor and a main contactor. When powered on, the charging current is first limited by the resistor, and the main contactor is closed after the bus voltage is stable.

[0110] Solid State Circuit Breaker (SSCB) Submodule: Utilizing the reverse blocking characteristics of thyristors or IGBTs, it achieves fault current interruption in microseconds, which is much faster than mechanical switches;

[0111] Mechanical disconnect switch submodule: Provides a physically visible disconnect point to ensure complete isolation between the input terminal and the AC power grid during system maintenance or long-term shutdown, thus ensuring personnel safety;

[0112] Arc protection submodule: Monitors the light signal intensity at the switch contacts. Once an arcing phenomenon is detected, it immediately triggers the trip logic to prevent electrical fires.

[0113] The central coordinating controller is connected to a multi-core parallel processing submodule, an instruction parsing and priority arbitration submodule, a global clock synchronization submodule, and an on-chip self-test and watchdog submodule.

[0114] Multi-core parallel processing submodule: Utilizing a dual-core or multi-core DSP architecture, the real-time control loop (such as the current loop) is separated from the system management tasks (such as communication and state machines) to ensure high real-time performance of the control.

[0115] Command parsing and priority arbitration submodule: Receives commands from the local human-machine interface (HMI), remote dispatch center and BMS, and resolves command conflicts through preset priority logic (such as fault protection > dispatch command > local setting);

[0116] Global clock synchronization submodule: Ensures nanosecond-level clock synchronization between the power converter, data acquisition unit and controller through IEEE1588 (PTP) or GPS timing protocol, ensuring the timing consistency of coordinated actions;

[0117] On-chip self-test and watchdog submodule: Built-in hardware watchdog timer and memory parity check unit, which automatically resets the system when the program crashes or hardware fails, improving robustness;

[0118] The power allocation decoupling module is connected to a frequency domain decomposition filter submodule, a fuzzy adaptive allocation submodule, a power margin evaluation submodule, and a dynamic response compensation submodule.

[0119] Frequency domain decomposition filter submodule: Implements a first-order or second-order Butterworth low-pass filter, sets a precise cutoff frequency (e.g., 0.01Hz~0.1Hz), and strictly separates the power demand into high-frequency transient components and low-frequency steady-state components.

[0120] Fuzzy adaptive allocation submodule: Based on a fuzzy logic controller (FLC), it dynamically adjusts the weight ratio of high and low frequency allocation to optimize lifespan, using battery SOC (state of charge) and supercapacitor voltage as input variables.

[0121] Power margin assessment submodule: Calculates the maximum chargeable and dischargeable power (P_max_SC) of the supercapacitor and the current available power (P_max_Bat) of the lithium battery in real time, and performs limiting processing before allocating instructions to prevent overload;

[0122] Dynamic response compensation submodule: Introduces a feedforward control channel. When a sudden drop in grid voltage is detected, the command is sent directly to the SVG without going through the filtering stage, achieving microsecond-level voltage support.

[0123] The reactive-active decoupling control module is connected to a three-phase stationary / rotating coordinate transformation submodule, an inner current loop PI regulation submodule, a phase-locked loop (PLL) synchronization submodule, and an outer voltage loop control submodule.

[0124] The three-phase stationary-rotating coordinate transformation submodule performs Clark and Park transformations to convert AC quantities in the three-phase stationary coordinate system (abc) into DC quantities in the two-phase synchronous rotating coordinate system (dq), simplifying the control object.

[0125] The inner loop PI regulation submodule for current is set up with proportional-integral (PI) regulators on the d and q axes respectively. The reactive power is controlled by adjusting the d-axis current and the active power is controlled by adjusting the q-axis current, and the cross decoupling between the two axes is achieved.

[0126] Phase-locked loop (PLL) synchronization submodule: Employs software PLL or hardware PLL chip to track the phase angle (θ) of the grid voltage in real time, ensuring the accuracy of coordinate transformation and preventing grid-connected current reversal;

[0127] Voltage outer loop control submodule: For SVG mode, set DC bus voltage outer loop or AC voltage outer loop, and calculate the required reactive current reference value in real time according to the voltage deviation;

[0128] The pulse width modulation (PWM) driver module is connected to the SVPWM space vector generation submodule, the dead time and compensation submodule, and the switching frequency jitter (SpreadSpectrum) submodule;

[0129] SVPWM Space Vector Generation Submodule: Employs the Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) algorithm, which improves DC voltage utilization by approximately 15% and reduces switching losses compared to traditional SPWM;

[0130] Dead Time and Compensation Submodule: Based on the turn-off delay characteristics of power devices, a programmable dead time is inserted, and a dead time compensation algorithm is run to eliminate output voltage distortion and fundamental frequency loss caused by the dead time effect. Fault blocking logic submodule.

[0131] SpreadSpectrum submodule: By modulating the switching frequency with pseudo-random sequence, it changes the tiny jitter of the switching frequency, dispersing the harmonic energy concentrated at the switching frequency to a wider frequency band and reducing EMI interference;

[0132] Fault blocking logic submodule: Once a DESAT (desaturation) protection signal or an overcurrent (OC) signal is received, the hardware logic circuit will immediately pull down the PWM enable pin and shut down all drive waveforms within nanoseconds.

[0133] The power grid electrical parameter acquisition module is connected to a signal conditioning and anti-aliasing submodule, a synchronous sample and hold (S / H) submodule, a digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) submodule, and a harmonic spectrum analysis submodule.

[0134] Signal conditioning and anti-aliasing submodule: Includes precision operational amplifier circuit and low-pass filter (Anti-aliasing Filter), which amplifies and offsets the weak analog signal output by the sensor, and filters out noise above the Nyquist frequency to prevent spectral aliasing;

[0135] Synchronous Sample and Hold (S / H) Submodule: Utilizes a multi-channel synchronous sampling ADC chip to ensure that three-phase voltage and current signals are captured at the same time, guaranteeing the accuracy of power calculation and phase difference calculation;

[0136] Digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) submodule: Based on software phase-locked loop algorithm, it accurately extracts fundamental frequency and phase angle from power grid signal containing harmonics and noise, providing a reference for coordinate transformation;

[0137] Harmonic spectrum analysis submodule: Runs Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) or Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) algorithms to calculate the content of each harmonic and the total harmonic distortion (THD) in real time, providing data support for harmonic mitigation of SVG;

[0138] The Energy Storage Status Monitoring Module (BMS / CMS) is connected to an Analog Front-End (AFE) acquisition submodule, a SOC / SOH fusion estimation submodule, a passive / active balancing control submodule, and a thermal runaway early warning submodule.

[0139] Analog Front End (AFE) Acquisition Submodule: Employs highly integrated battery monitoring chips (such as the LTC681x series) to achieve millisecond-level voltage scanning and temperature acquisition for up to dozens of battery cells;

[0140] The SOC / SOH fusion estimation submodule combines the ampere-hour integral method (Ah) and the open-circuit voltage method (OCV), and introduces the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm to dynamically correct estimation errors and output high-precision remaining power and life prediction.

[0141] Passive / Active Balancing Control Submodule: When cell voltages are inconsistent, the energy of high-capacity cells is transferred to low-capacity cells through resistor energy dissipation (passive) or inductor / capacitor energy transfer (active) circuits, thereby extending the battery pack life.

[0142] Thermal runaway early warning submodule: Monitors the rate of temperature rise and abnormal voltage drops, and combines data from gas sensors (CO / H2) to issue an early warning minutes before thermal runaway occurs;

[0143] The DC bus voltage monitoring module is connected to a high voltage divider sampling submodule, a ripple RMS calculation submodule, a voltage / undervoltage hysteresis comparison submodule, and a voltage equalization monitoring submodule;

[0144] High voltage divider sampling submodule: Utilizes a high-precision metal film resistor network to proportionally reduce the high voltage bus voltage (e.g., 800V) to the ADC's measurable range (e.g., 3.3V), and performs optocoupler isolation to protect the low voltage control circuit;

[0145] RMS Ratio Calculation Submodule: Calculates the AC ripple component in the bus voltage in real time using the root mean square algorithm. Excessive ripple usually indicates aging of the DC support capacitor or failure of the downstream inverter.

[0146] Overvoltage / undervoltage hysteresis comparison submodule: Sets up a hardware hysteresis comparator so that when the voltage exceeds the safety threshold, it directly triggers the hardware protection signal (instead of relying solely on software judgment), achieving millisecond-level protection response;

[0147] Voltage equalization monitoring submodule: For series capacitor banks, monitor the voltage distribution of each series node to prevent individual capacitors from being over-voltaged and broken down due to uneven leakage current.

[0148] The insulation monitoring module is connected to a balanced bridge / unbalanced bridge measurement submodule, an injection signal detection submodule, an insulation early warning and location submodule, and a leakage current sensor submodule.

[0149] Balanced / Unbalanced Bridge Measurement Submodule: By periodically switching the bridge resistor network and injecting a specific test signal, the insulation resistance values ​​of the positive terminal to ground (Rp) and the negative terminal to ground (Rn) are deduced based on the voltage change.

[0150] Injection signal detection submodule: During the operation of the frequency converter or inverter, a square wave signal of a specific frequency (such as 10Hz-100Hz) is injected into the system to avoid common-mode interference and achieve high-precision online insulation monitoring.

[0151] Insulation warning and positioning submodule: When the insulation impedance is lower than the first-level warning value, an alarm is issued; when it is lower than the second-level trip value, a trip is triggered; and a longitudinal comparison algorithm is used to preliminarily determine whether the insulation degradation occurs on the battery side or the inverter side.

[0152] Leakage current sensor submodule: In conjunction with zero-sequence current transformer (ZCT), it monitors the leakage current on the AC side in real time to prevent DC side faults from being coupled to the AC power grid through the inverter and causing electric shock accidents.

[0153] The operation mode discrimination module is connected to the working condition feature extraction submodule, the state machine switching logic submodule, the boundary condition judgment submodule, and the mode conflict arbitration submodule;

[0154] Operating condition feature extraction submodule: Real-time analysis of voltage deviation rate (ΔV / V), frequency change rate (RoCoF) and power gradient (dP / dt) to quantify the current disturbance level and stability indicators of the power grid;

[0155] State machine switching logic submodule: Constructs a finite state machine (FSM) model, defines the transition conditions for standby, grid-connected, islanded, and fault states, and ensures the logical rigor and debouncing during mode switching.

[0156] Boundary condition judgment submodule: Sets voltage deadband and hysteresis interval to prevent the system from switching back and forth frequently under critical conditions (ping-pong effect) and ensure equipment safety;

[0157] Mode Conflict Arbitration Submodule: When a conflict occurs between a remote scheduling command and a local protection command, the highest priority operating mode is forcibly executed based on the "safety first" principle.

[0158] The charge / discharge optimization management module is connected to a multi-objective optimization scheduling submodule, a dynamic programming (DP) and model predictive control (MPC) submodule, a lifetime loss estimation submodule, and an adaptive SOC adjustment submodule.

[0159] Multi-objective optimization scheduling submodule: Establish a Pareto front mathematical model that includes minimizing operating costs, minimizing battery life loss, and optimizing power quality, and solve for the optimal trade-off solution;

[0160] Dynamic Programming (DP) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) submodule: Based on the load curve in the predicted time domain, the charging and discharging plan of energy storage is continuously optimized to reserve power margin in advance to cope with emergencies;

[0161] Lifetime loss estimation submodule: Based on the rainflow counting method or the Arrhenius aging model, it calculates the cumulative loss of battery health (SOH) due to charge and discharge current in real time and feeds it back to the scheduling algorithm;

[0162] Adaptive SOC adjustment submodule: Based on peak and off-peak electricity price periods and weather forecast data, dynamically adjust the target state of charge (TargetSOC) of the lithium battery, for example, automatically increase the SOC to a high level before rainy days arrive;

[0163] The offline switching control module is connected to an island detection and identification submodule, a pre-synchronization control submodule, a seamless switching logic submodule, and a black start support submodule.

[0164] Island detection and identification submodule: It combines passive detection (voltage / frequency change rate) and active detection (injection disturbance method) to quickly and accurately determine power grid outages and prevent unplanned grid disconnection caused by misjudgment;

[0165] Pre-synchronization control submodule: Before switching from grid connection to off-grid, it accurately tracks the grid phase through a phase-locked loop (PLL) and adjusts the amplitude, frequency and phase of the inverter output voltage to make it strictly consistent with the grid side, so as to achieve "zero impact" grid connection;

[0166] Seamless switching logic submodule: When a network outage is detected, the SVG is immediately switched from reactive power support mode to V / f control mode (voltage frequency source) to provide transient energy support using energy storage and maintain the bus voltage from collapsing;

[0167] Black start support submodule: In a completely dark system state, it controls the energy storage converter to establish an initial AC voltage, gradually restores the power supply to critical loads in the system, and realizes the autonomous reconstruction of the system;

[0168] The hardware overcurrent and overvoltage protection module is connected to an analog threshold comparison submodule, a DESAT desaturation protection submodule, a drive interlock and dead zone hardware submodule, and a fault latch and reset module.

[0169] Analog threshold comparison submodule: It uses a high-speed comparator and a voltage reference to compare the real-time sampled current / voltage signal with the preset hardware limit value, which can trigger the action without the need for CPU intervention;

[0170] DESAT desaturation protection submodule: A collector-emitter desaturation detection circuit specifically designed for IGBT / SiC devices. It monitors the Vce voltage after the device is turned on. If an overcurrent causes an abnormal rise in Vce, it immediately performs a soft turn-off to prevent the tube from exploding.

[0171] Drive interlock and dead time hardware submodule: The interlock logic between the upper and lower bridge arms is implemented inside the drive chip. Even if the controller fails and sends a shoot-through signal, the hardware circuit can force the insertion of dead time to prevent the DC bus from being shot-through short-circuited.

[0172] Fault latching and reset submodule: Once hardware protection is triggered, the fault state is maintained by RS trigger or latch to prevent accidental restart due to interference after the fault disappears. Manual or software confirmation is required for reset.

[0173] The thermal management control module is connected to an NTC / PTC linear temperature measurement submodule, a junction temperature estimation algorithm submodule, a multi-stage variable speed heat dissipation control submodule, and an overheat derating submodule.

[0174] NTC / PTC linear temperature measurement sub-module: A high-precision negative temperature coefficient thermistor is pre-embedded under the power module heat sink and IGBT substrate to collect multi-point temperature data in real time.

[0175] Junction temperature estimation algorithm submodule: Based on the Foster or Cauer thermal network model, it inversely calculates the internal junction temperature (T_junction) of the chip based on the power loss (P_loss) and case temperature (T_case) to prevent overheating inside the chip;

[0176] Multi-level variable speed heat dissipation control submodule: Sets three threshold levels of low temperature, medium temperature and high temperature, and adjusts the fan speed or liquid cooling pump flow rate linearly through PWM duty cycle adjustment or frequency conversion control to balance heat dissipation efficiency and energy consumption.

[0177] Overheat derating submodule: When the temperature approaches the limit but does not reach the shutdown threshold, it automatically and linearly reduces the maximum output current command, sacrificing some performance to ensure the system continues to run and avoid sudden shutdown.

[0178] The fault recording and diagnosis module is connected to a trigger condition configuration submodule, a high-speed data cache submodule, a fault code generation submodule, and a black box encrypted storage submodule.

[0179] Trigger condition configuration submodule: Supports multiple modes such as manual trigger, level trigger, and edge trigger, and allows setting the ratio of recording duration before and after trigger;

[0180] High-speed data cache submodule: Utilizes dual-port RAM or DDR cache to record voltage, current, temperature and switching status at a sampling rate of tens of thousands of points per second, ensuring that details of transient faults are captured;

[0181] Fault code generation submodule: Maps fault types to standardized error codes and stores them along with timestamps in non-volatile memory;

[0182] Black box encrypted storage submodule: Performs CRC check and lightweight encryption on the recorded waveform data to prevent data from being tampered with during transmission or storage, ensuring the objectivity and legal validity of the accident analysis;

[0183] First, the sensing and monitoring module is fully activated. The power grid electrical parameter acquisition module uses PT, CT, and Hall sensors to sample three-phase voltage, current, and phase in real time. Simultaneously, the environmental status sensing module monitors the temperature, humidity, and security status of the equipment room. The energy storage status monitoring module (BMS / CMS) accurately estimates the battery's SOC and SOH, and the insulation monitoring module (IMD) detects the DC system's resistance to ground. This ensures that all status parameters are processed by the signal conditioning and anti-aliasing submodules before being uploaded to the collaborative control and decision-making module. Subsequently, the central collaborative controller, based on a DSP or FPGA architecture, receives data from the energy management... The commands from the scheduling module (which analyzes grid conditions through the operating mode discrimination module, combines the economic strategies of peak-valley arbitrage and spot trading modules, and uses the charge-discharge optimization management module to calculate the optimal total active / reactive power demand based on a lifetime model) are processed by the power allocation decoupling module. This module uses low-pass / high-pass filters or wavelet transform decomposition submodules to decompose the commands, allocating high-frequency components to the supercapacitor and SVG to handle transient fluctuations, and low-frequency components to the lithium battery to handle long-term trends. Following this, the reactive-active power decoupling control module uses a dq-axis decoupling strategy and a virtual synchronous generator (VSG). The control module's inertial support logic independently regulates the reactive power output of the SVG and the active power output of the hybrid energy storage, and the pulse width modulation (PWM) drive module converts the reference wave into a specific switching sequence. Meanwhile, in the power conversion and execution module, the bidirectional DC / DC converter module precisely controls the charging and discharging current and direction of the energy storage unit according to instructions. The SVG converter module (three-phase inverter) inverts the DC bus voltage into an AC voltage with the same frequency and phase as the AC grid. High-frequency harmonics are then filtered out by the LCL filter module and the damping filter module, and finally, the voltage is connected to the grid through the pre-charging and grid-connection switching module. The isolation transformer and reactor modules provide electrical isolation and short-circuit limiting. Throughout the entire operation, the safety and protection modules are in a 24 / 7 alert state. The hardware overcurrent and overvoltage protection modules respond to anomalies within microseconds. The thermal management control module works with the heat dissipation system to prevent overheating. The network security protection module defends against external attacks. The fire-fighting linkage control module is on standby to prevent fires. Meanwhile, the fault recording and diagnosis module continuously records electrical waveforms and status data. Together with the remote fault diagnosis cloud interface submodule, it realizes the "black box" management of the entire system lifecycle, ensuring that the system can operate safely, economically, and efficiently under any operating conditions.

[0184] A method for using a hybrid energy storage and SVG collaborative control system begins with the full activation of the sensing and monitoring modules. The grid electrical parameter acquisition module uses PT, CT, and Hall sensors to sample three-phase voltage, current, and phase in real time. Simultaneously, the environmental status sensing module monitors the temperature, humidity, and security status of the equipment room. The energy storage status monitoring module (BMS / CMS) accurately estimates the battery's SOC and SOH, and the insulation monitoring module (IMD) detects the DC system's resistance to ground. This ensures that all state parameters are processed by the signal conditioning and anti-aliasing submodules before being uploaded to the collaborative control and decision-making module. Subsequently, the central collaborative controller, based on DSP... Alternatively, an FPGA architecture may be used. This architecture receives commands from the energy management and scheduling module (which analyzes grid conditions through an operating mode discrimination module, combines peak-valley arbitrage and spot trading strategies, and uses a charge / discharge optimization management module based on a lifetime model to calculate the optimal total active / reactive demand). The commands are then processed by a power allocation decoupling module, which uses low-pass / high-pass filters or wavelet transform decomposition submodules to decompose the commands. High-frequency components are allocated to the supercapacitor and SVG to handle transient fluctuations, while low-frequency components are allocated to the lithium battery to handle long-term trends. Following this, a reactive-active power decoupling control module is used based on a dq-axis decoupling strategy and a virtual... The inertial support logic of the pseudo-synchronous generator (VSG) control module independently regulates the reactive power output of the SVG and the active power output of the hybrid energy storage, and the pulse width modulation (PWM) drive module converts the reference wave into a specific switching sequence. Meanwhile, in the power conversion and execution module, the bidirectional DC / DC converter module precisely controls the charging and discharging current and direction of the energy storage unit according to instructions. The SVG converter module (three-phase inverter) inverts the DC bus voltage into an AC voltage with the same frequency and phase as the AC grid. High-frequency harmonics are then filtered out by the LCL filter module and the damping filter module, and finally, the voltage is connected to the grid through the pre-charging and grid-connection switching module. The power grid, along with isolation transformers and reactor modules, provides electrical isolation and short-circuit limiting. Throughout operation, the safety and protection modules are on 24 / 7 alert. Hardware overcurrent and overvoltage protection modules respond to anomalies within microseconds. The thermal management control module works with the cooling system to prevent overheating. The network security protection module defends against external attacks. The fire-fighting linkage control module is on standby to prevent fires. Meanwhile, the fault recording and diagnosis module continuously records electrical waveforms and status data. Together with the remote fault diagnosis cloud interface submodule, it achieves full lifecycle "black box" management of the system, ensuring that the system can operate safely, economically, and efficiently under any operating conditions.

[0185] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A hybrid energy storage and SVG coordinated control system, characterized in that: It includes a power conversion and execution module, a collaborative control and decision-making module, a sensing and monitoring module, an energy management and scheduling module, and a safety and protection module; The power conversion and execution module is connected to a bidirectional DC / DC converter module, an SVG converter module, an LCL filter module, and a pre-charge and grid-connected switch module; The collaborative control and decision-making module is connected to a central collaborative controller, a power distribution decoupling module, a reactive and active power decoupling control module, and a pulse width modulation drive module. The sensing and monitoring module is connected to a power grid electrical parameter acquisition module, an energy storage status monitoring module, a DC bus voltage monitoring module, and an insulation monitoring module; The energy management and scheduling module is connected to an operation mode discrimination module, a charge and discharge optimization management module, and an on-grid / off-grid switching control module; The safety and protection module is connected to a hardware overcurrent and overvoltage protection module, a thermal management control module, and a fault recording and diagnosis module.

2. The hybrid energy storage and SVG coordinated control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power conversion and execution module is connected to an isolation transformer and reactor module, an energy storage bidirectional active balancing hardware module, and a damping filter module. The collaborative control and decision-making module is connected to a virtual synchronous generator control module, a harmonic mitigation and compensation control module, and a grid connection point voltage support module. The sensing and monitoring module is connected to an environmental status sensing module, a power quality analysis module, and an equipment acoustic and vibration monitoring module. The energy management and scheduling module is connected to a peak-valley arbitrage and spot trading module, a demand-side response (DR) control module, and a source-grid-load-storage coordinated scheduling module. The safety and protection module is connected to a network security protection module, an electrical misoperation prevention module, and a fire-fighting linkage control module.

3. The hybrid energy storage and SVG coordinated control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bidirectional DC / DC converter module is connected to a power switch and drive submodule, an energy storage interface adapter submodule, a current sharing control submodule, and a soft start-stop control submodule. The SVG converter module is connected to a three-phase full-bridge inverter submodule, a DC support capacitor submodule, a dead-time compensation and PWM decoding submodule, and a redundant bypass module. The LCL filter module is connected to a high-order filter network submodule, a damping control submodule, a differential-mode and common-mode suppression submodule, and a temperature monitoring submodule; The pre-charging and grid-connected switch module is connected to a graded current-limiting pre-charging sub-module, a solid-state circuit breaker sub-module, a mechanical disconnecting switch sub-module, and an arc flash protection sub-module.

4. The hybrid energy storage and SVG coordinated control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central collaborative controller is connected to a multi-core parallel processing submodule, an instruction parsing and priority arbitration submodule, a global clock synchronization submodule, and an on-chip self-test and watchdog submodule. The power allocation decoupling module is connected to a frequency domain decomposition filter submodule, a fuzzy adaptive allocation submodule, a power margin evaluation submodule, and a dynamic response compensation submodule. The reactive-active decoupling control module is connected to a three-phase stationary / rotating coordinate transformation submodule, an inner current loop PI regulation submodule, a phase-locked loop synchronization submodule, and an outer voltage loop control module. The pulse width modulation driving module is connected to a space vector generation submodule, a dead time and compensation submodule, and a switching frequency jitter submodule.

5. The hybrid energy storage and SVG coordinated control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power grid electrical parameter acquisition module is connected to a signal conditioning and anti-aliasing submodule, a synchronous sampling and holding submodule, a digital phase-locked loop submodule, and a harmonic spectrum analysis submodule. The energy storage status monitoring module is connected to a simulation front-end acquisition submodule, a fusion estimation submodule, a passive / active balancing control submodule, and a thermal runaway early warning submodule. The DC bus voltage monitoring module is connected to a high voltage divider sampling submodule, a ripple RMS value calculation submodule, a voltage / undervoltage hysteresis comparison submodule, and a voltage equalization monitoring submodule. The insulation monitoring module is connected to a balanced bridge / unbalanced bridge measurement submodule, an injection signal detection submodule, an insulation early warning and location submodule, and a leakage current sensor submodule.

6. The hybrid energy storage and SVG coordinated control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating mode discrimination module is connected to a working condition feature extraction submodule, a state machine switching logic submodule, a boundary condition judgment submodule, and a mode conflict arbitration submodule. The charge / discharge optimization management module is connected to a multi-objective optimization scheduling submodule, a dynamic programming and model prediction control submodule, a lifetime loss estimation submodule, and an adaptive SOC adjustment submodule. The on-grid / off-grid switching control module is connected to an island detection and identification submodule, a pre-synchronization control submodule, a seamless switching logic submodule, and a black start support submodule.

7. The hybrid energy storage and SVG coordinated control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hardware overcurrent and overvoltage protection module is connected to an analog threshold comparison submodule, a DESAT desaturation protection submodule, a drive interlock and dead zone hardware submodule, and a fault latch and reset module. The thermal management control module is connected to an NTC / PTC linear temperature measurement submodule, a junction temperature estimation algorithm submodule, a multi-level variable speed heat dissipation control submodule, and an overheat derating submodule. The fault recording and diagnosis module is connected to a trigger condition configuration submodule, a high-speed data cache submodule, a fault code generation submodule, and a black box encrypted storage submodule.

8. The method of using a hybrid energy storage and SVG coordinated control system according to any one of claims 1, characterized in that: First, the sensing and monitoring module is fully activated. The power grid electrical parameter acquisition module uses PT, CT, and Hall sensors to sample three-phase voltage, current, and phase in real time. Simultaneously, the environmental status sensing module monitors the temperature, humidity, and security status of the equipment room. The energy storage status monitoring module (BMS / CMS) accurately estimates the battery's SOC and SOH, and the insulation monitoring module (IMD) detects the DC system's resistance to ground. This ensures that all status parameters are processed by the signal conditioning and anti-aliasing submodules before being uploaded to the collaborative control and decision-making module. Subsequently, the central collaborative controller, based on a DSP or FPGA architecture, receives data from the energy management... The commands from the scheduling module (which analyzes grid conditions through the operating mode discrimination module, combines the economic strategies of peak-valley arbitrage and spot trading modules, and uses the charge-discharge optimization management module to calculate the optimal total active / reactive power demand based on a lifetime model) are processed by the power allocation decoupling module. This module uses low-pass / high-pass filters or wavelet transform decomposition submodules to decompose the commands, allocating high-frequency components to the supercapacitor and SVG to handle transient fluctuations, and low-frequency components to the lithium battery to handle long-term trends. Following this, the reactive-active power decoupling control module uses a dq-axis decoupling strategy and a virtual synchronous generator (VSG). The control module's inertial support logic independently regulates the reactive power output of the SVG and the active power output of the hybrid energy storage, and the pulse width modulation (PWM) drive module converts the reference wave into a specific switching sequence. Meanwhile, in the power conversion and execution module, the bidirectional DC / DC converter module precisely controls the charging and discharging current and direction of the energy storage unit according to instructions. The SVG converter module (three-phase inverter) inverts the DC bus voltage into an AC voltage with the same frequency and phase as the AC grid. High-frequency harmonics are then filtered out by the LCL filter module and the damping filter module, and finally, the voltage is connected to the grid through the pre-charging and grid-connection switching module. The isolation transformer and reactor modules provide electrical isolation and short-circuit limiting. Throughout the entire operation, the safety and protection modules are in a 24 / 7 alert state. The hardware overcurrent and overvoltage protection modules respond to anomalies within microseconds. The thermal management control module works with the heat dissipation system to prevent overheating. The network security protection module defends against external attacks. The fire-fighting linkage control module is on standby to prevent fires. Meanwhile, the fault recording and diagnosis module continuously records electrical waveforms and status data. Together with the remote fault diagnosis cloud interface submodule, it realizes the "black box" management of the entire system lifecycle, ensuring that the system can operate safely, economically, and efficiently under any operating conditions.

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