Modular multi-functional outdoor power station and control system thereof

Abstract

The application relates to a modular multifunctional outdoor power station and a control system thereof, and relates to the technical fields of portable energy storage power supplies and intelligent control. The system comprises an outdoor power station with a square shell, a battery module, a charging and discharging management module, a main control module, a communication module and an environmental sensing module, and a control system composed of at least two outdoor power stations and a central control platform. Self-organizing wireless networks are established among the outdoor power stations through the communication modules, the central control platform is in communication connection with the outdoor power stations to receive state information and issue scheduling instructions, and data interaction and collaborative control among the power stations are realized. The application can realize intelligent collaborative management of multiple outdoor power stations, dynamic load distribution and environmental self-adaptive adjustment, and improve the reliability and environmental adaptability of a power supply system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of portable energy storage power supply and intelligent control technology, specifically to a modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system. Background Technology

[0002] Portable outdoor power supplies, as independent power supply devices, are widely used in scenarios without grid coverage, such as outdoor camping, emergency rescue, mobile offices, and medical relief. Existing outdoor power supplies typically employ a square casing structure, integrating a lithium battery pack and providing AC and DC output interfaces through built-in charge and discharge management circuitry. To meet diverse user needs for power capacity and output, some existing products adopt a modular design, allowing users to replace the battery pack via physical plug-and-play, or connect multiple independent power devices in parallel or series using external cables to expand the total energy storage capacity or output voltage level. Furthermore, some devices are equipped with basic communication interfaces, supporting the viewing of power status or simple parameter settings via a local terminal.

[0003] However, in existing technologies, when multiple independent power supply devices are used together, there is a lack of intelligent collaborative management mechanisms. The devices cannot automatically sense each other's status information, making it difficult to achieve dynamic load distribution and master-slave balancing control. This leads to the overall power supply system being prone to interruption or inefficiency when a single device has insufficient capacity or fails. Furthermore, the charging and discharging strategies of existing devices are often fixed and cannot automatically adjust operating parameters according to real-time environmental conditions. They also have limitations in functional expansion and multi-machine remote scheduling, making it difficult to adapt to the complex and ever-changing needs of outdoor operations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system, which can solve the technical problems of existing outdoor power supplies lacking intelligent coordination, poor environmental adaptability, and inability to achieve remote scheduling and management of multiple units when expanding modularly.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: The first aspect of this application provides a modular, multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system, comprising: Square shell; At least one rechargeable battery module is installed inside the square housing; The charge / discharge management module is used to control the charging and discharging process of the battery module and provides an external power supply interface; The main control module is used to execute local control logic; The communication module is used for wireless communication with external control terminals or other outdoor power stations; An environmental sensing module is used to collect ambient temperature and humidity data. The control system includes: At least two modular multi-functional outdoor power stations; The central control platform is connected to each outdoor power station and is used to receive status information and issue dispatch instructions. Each outdoor power station establishes a self-organizing wireless network through a communication module to enable data exchange and collaborative control between the power stations.

[0006] In one alternative embodiment, the modular multi-functional outdoor power station further includes: Function expansion interface for detachable connection of external functional modules; The identification and configuration unit is used to automatically identify the module type and load the corresponding control strategy when external functional modules are connected.

[0007] In one alternative embodiment, the control system performs the following cooperative control method: Step A: Each outdoor power station collects its own status information in real time and reports it to the central control platform; Step B: The central control platform divides each power station into at least one collaborative working group according to the task requirements, and designates one master power station and at least one slave power station in each group; Step C: The main power station or central control platform uses an optimization algorithm to allocate load to each slave power station; Step D: Each power station dynamically adjusts its charging and discharging parameters based on the temperature data collected by the environmental sensing module; Step E: When the master power station in the same group detects that the SOC of the slave power station is lower than the first predetermined value and the SOC of other power stations is higher than the second predetermined value, it issues an energy mutual assistance command. Step F: When the central control platform detects that a power station is offline, it automatically and dynamically reconfigures the load allocation scheme; Step G: The central control platform remotely configures or upgrades the firmware of each power station.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the load allocation in step C adopts a distributed control method based on a consensus algorithm: each power station in the group iteratively updates its own output power reference value through information interaction with neighboring nodes, so that the load rate of each power station tends to be consistent.

[0009] In one alternative embodiment, the energy reconciliation command includes: injecting current from a high SOC power station to a low SOC power station via a DC bus parallel connection, and / or adjusting the load distribution factor to transfer part of the load from the low SOC power station to the high SOC power station.

[0010] In one optional embodiment, the dynamic adjustment of charging and discharging parameters in step D includes: reducing the charging current and increasing the discharge cutoff voltage when the ambient temperature is lower than a first preset temperature threshold; and starting the cooling fan and limiting the output power when the ambient temperature is higher than a second preset temperature threshold.

[0011] In one optional embodiment, the modular multi-functional outdoor power station is equipped with a cascading interface for connecting the DC buses of multiple outdoor power stations in parallel via cables; the collaborative control system automatically executes parallel networking and initiates master-slave balancing control after detecting the cascading interface connection.

[0012] In one optional embodiment, there are multiple rechargeable battery modules, and they support hot-swappable replacement; the battery modules are connected to each other through an equalization circuit.

[0013] In one optional embodiment, the external functional modules include a photovoltaic charging panel, an LED lighting lamp, a communication relay module, or an environmental monitoring sensor module; the identification and configuration unit reads the module ID through a single bus or I2C interface.

[0014] A second aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps: Each outdoor power station collects its own status information in real time and reports it to the central control platform. The central control platform divides each power station into at least one collaborative working group according to task requirements, with each group designated as a master power station and at least one slave power station. The main power station or central control platform uses an optimization algorithm to allocate load to each slave power station; Each power station dynamically adjusts its charging and discharging parameters based on temperature data collected by the environmental sensing module; When the main power station in the same group detects that the SOC of the slave power station is lower than the first predetermined value and the SOC of other power stations is higher than the second predetermined value, it issues an energy mutual assistance command. When the central control platform detects that a power station is offline, it automatically and dynamically reconfigures the load allocation scheme. The central control platform can remotely configure or upgrade the firmware of each power station.

[0015] This application provides a modular, multi-functional outdoor power station and its control system. This solution constructs a hardware foundation comprising a square casing, rechargeable battery modules, a charge / discharge management module, a main control module, a communication module, and an environmental sensing module. Combined with a control system consisting of at least two outdoor power stations and a central control platform, it achieves intelligent collaboration among multiple units. Specifically, the communication module establishes a self-organizing wireless network, enabling each outdoor power station to exchange data in real time and maintain connection with the central control platform. The central control platform receives status information and issues scheduling commands, thereby achieving unified management and task allocation for multiple power stations without manual intervention. Furthermore, the environmental sensing module collects ambient temperature and humidity data to support decision-making, allowing the system to dynamically adjust its operating strategy based on real-time conditions. This architecture transforms individual power stations from isolated information silos into an organic whole with data interaction capabilities, enabling dynamic load allocation and optimized resource configuration. This effectively solves the problems of existing technologies lacking intelligent mechanisms, unable to adapt to environmental changes, and difficult to achieve remote centralized scheduling when multiple units are working collaboratively. Therefore, it avoids the risk of power outages due to single-unit failure or power depletion, improves the overall reliability, environmental adaptability and operation and maintenance efficiency of the outdoor power supply system, and ensures the continuity and stability of power supply in complex field scenarios.

[0016] In summary, this application constructs a complete intelligent outdoor power supply solution through the deep integration of modular hardware design and distributed collaborative software control. This solution not only provides flexible scalability at the physical level but also achieves full closed-loop control from state perception and task planning to execution feedback at the logical level, significantly enhancing the system's robustness and intelligence. It provides efficient, safe, and easily manageable energy support for applications such as field operations and emergency response. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a modular multifunctional outdoor power station provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A block diagram of the internal functional modules of a modular multifunctional outdoor power station provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A block diagram of the overall architecture of a modular multifunctional outdoor power station control system provided by the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system provided by the present invention; Figure 5 A flowchart of a modular multifunctional outdoor power station collaborative control method provided by the present invention; Figure 6A principle block diagram of multi-power station collaborative load distribution and energy mutual assistance provided by the present invention; Figure 7 A flowchart of a dynamic reconfiguration mechanism in multi-power station collaborative control provided by the present invention; Figure 8 A flowchart illustrating the dynamic adjustment of charging and discharging parameters in another modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system provided by the present invention. Figure 9 A flowchart of cascading network and master-slave equalization control in another modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system provided by the present invention; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the battery module hot-swap and equalization circuit in another modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system provided by the present invention. Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating the identification and configuration of external functional modules in another modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system provided by the present invention.

[0018] The following labels are shown in the attached diagram: 1. Square housing; 2. Rechargeable battery module; 3. Display screen; 4. Charge / discharge management module; 5. Main control module; 6. Communication module; 7. Environmental sensing module; 8. Function expansion interface; 9. Identification and configuration unit. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.

[0020] Example 1: Please see Figures 1-3 This application provides a modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system. The modular multifunctional outdoor power station includes: a square housing 1; at least one rechargeable battery module 2 installed inside the square housing 1; a charge / discharge management module 4 for controlling the charging and discharging process of the battery module and providing an external power supply interface; a main control module 5 for executing local control logic; a communication module 6 for wireless communication with an external control terminal or other outdoor power stations; and an environmental sensing module 7 for collecting ambient temperature and humidity. The control system includes: at least two modular multifunctional outdoor power stations; a central control platform that communicates with each outdoor power station to receive status information and issue scheduling instructions; and a self-organizing wireless network established between each outdoor power station through the communication module 6 to achieve data interaction and collaborative control between power stations.

[0021] The square housing 1 can be a protective structure with a regular geometric shape, such as a cube, cuboid, or other polyhedral structure suitable for stacking and transportation. The square housing 1 can be made of flame-retardant engineering plastics, aluminum alloy, or composite materials, and has internal mounting cavities for accommodating electrical components. The square housing 1 not only serves as a physical protective barrier to prevent internal components from impact, dust, or moisture corrosion, but also acts as the mechanical skeleton of the entire power station, supporting the installation and fixation of the various internal functional modules. In practical applications, the surface of the square housing 1 can be equipped with heat dissipation holes, handles, or stacking clips to facilitate individual carrying or multi-unit deployment.

[0022] The rechargeable battery module 2 refers to the core unit providing energy storage for outdoor power stations. It can be a lithium-ion battery pack, a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, a sodium-ion battery pack, or an energy storage unit with other chemical systems. The rechargeable battery module 2 is installed in the internal mounting cavity of the square housing 1 and can be connected to the housing by bolts, sliding rails, or magnetic positioning. The number of rechargeable battery modules 2 can be set according to actual needs; for example, it can be a large-capacity single module or a battery array composed of multiple small-capacity modules connected in series or parallel. The rechargeable battery module 2 is electrically connected to the charge / discharge management module, used to receive external electrical energy and convert it into chemical energy for storage during charging, and to convert chemical energy back into electrical energy for output to the load during discharging.

[0023] The charge / discharge management module 4 refers to a circuit system used to monitor and manage the energy flow of the battery. It may include an AC-DC rectifier circuit, a DC-AC inverter circuit, a DC-DC converter circuit, and a battery protection system (BMS). One end of the charge / discharge management module 4 is connected to the rechargeable battery module 2, and the other end extends from the surface of the square housing 1 to form an external power supply interface. The external power supply interface may include an AC socket (e.g., 220V / 50Hz), a DC output port (e.g., a 12V / 24V Anderson interface), or a USB interface (supporting the PD fast charging protocol). Under the control of the main control module, the charge / discharge management module 4 dynamically adjusts the charging current, cutoff voltage threshold, and output power limit according to the battery's current state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) to prevent overcharging, over-discharging, or overheating.

[0024] The main control module refers to a microprocessor unit embedded inside the outdoor power station, which can be an MCU (microcontroller), MPU (microprocessor), or FPGA (field-programmable gate array), etc. This main control module 5 is connected to the charge / discharge management module, communication module, and environmental sensing module to execute local control logic. The local control logic may include battery status monitoring algorithms, fault diagnosis programs, local human-machine interaction responses, and automatic protection strategies based on preset rules. As the local brain of the power station, the main control module 5 is responsible for coordinating the working sequence of the various internal sub-modules and maintaining the basic operational functions of the power station in the event of network outages or communication restrictions.

[0025] A communication module refers to a hardware component used to achieve wireless data transmission, supporting one or more standards such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, LoRa, 4G / 5G cellular networks, or satellite communication. This communication module 6 connects to the main control module 5 to establish a communication link between the outdoor power station and external control terminals (such as mobile apps, handheld remote controls), as well as other outdoor power stations. Through the communication module 6, the power station can upload local operating data to the cloud or local area network, while simultaneously receiving control commands from external sources. Especially in multi-unit networking scenarios, the communication module 6 supports Mesh networking or Ad-hoc self-organizing network protocols, enabling power stations to communicate directly with each other without relying on fixed infrastructure.

[0026] An environmental sensing module refers to a detection device used to sense physical environmental parameters around the power station, which may include temperature sensors, humidity sensors, light sensors, and barometric pressure sensors. This environmental sensing module 7 is located inside or at a specific external position within the square housing 1 to collect ambient temperature and humidity data in real time. For example, the temperature sensor can be an NTC thermistor or a digital temperature chip to monitor the temperature rise inside the battery compartment; the humidity sensor can detect the water vapor content in the external environment to prevent condensation from causing short circuits. The environmental sensing module 7 transmits the collected analog or digital signals to the main control module 5 as a basis for adjusting the charging and discharging strategy.

[0027] The control system can refer to an overall architecture consisting of multiple physically distributed outdoor power stations and a logically centralized management platform. This control system includes at least two of the aforementioned modular, multi-functional outdoor power stations, which can be spatially distributed or centrally located. The central control platform can be a server cluster deployed in the cloud or a local industrial control computer or high-performance terminal, which maintains a connection with the communication modules 6 of each outdoor power station via a network. The central control platform is used to collect status information (such as SOC, location, fault codes, etc.) reported by each power station, process it through big data analysis or optimization algorithms, generate global scheduling instructions, and issue them to designated power stations to achieve optimal resource allocation.

[0028] The self-organizing wireless network established between outdoor power stations via communication modules means that, even in the absence of a central node or when the central node fails, each power station can automatically discover neighboring nodes and establish multi-hop communication links. In this network topology, any power station can act as a data source or as a relay node to forward data from other power stations. This self-organizing wireless network enables direct data interaction and collaborative control between power stations. For example, within a local area, the master power station can directly send current sharing commands or energy sharing requests to slave power stations without waiting for a response from the central control platform, thereby improving the system's response speed and robustness. It is particularly suitable for weak or no-network environments in the field.

[0029] The core innovation of this application lies in the construction of a two-layer architecture that combines individual intelligent systems with group collaboration. By integrating environmental perception, local control, and wireless communication capabilities into a standardized square casing, each outdoor power station becomes an independent intelligent node. Furthermore, through the combination of global scheduling by a central control platform and local collaboration by a self-organizing network, the limitations of traditional isolated operation of outdoor power sources are broken, forming a flexible energy storage network that can be dynamically reconfigured and adapt to the environment.

[0030] The working process and principle of this application are as follows: After each modular multi-functional outdoor power station is started, its internal main control module drives the environmental sensing module to collect ambient temperature and humidity data, while simultaneously monitoring the voltage, current, and remaining power of the rechargeable battery module in real time. This data, after being encapsulated by the communication module, is broadcast among neighboring power stations via a self-organizing wireless network to quickly achieve local consensus (such as load balancing); it is also uploaded to the central control platform. Based on the received global status information and externally input task requirements (such as total power demand and power supply duration), the central control platform calculates the optimal scheduling strategy and issues instructions to each power station. After parsing the instructions, the main control module of each power station controls the charging and discharging management module to adjust the output parameters, thereby achieving multi-unit collaborative power supply, dynamic load balancing, and automatic reconfiguration under abnormal conditions.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is specifically implemented as follows: In a field emergency communication support scenario, three modular multifunctional outdoor power stations (numbered Station-A, Station-B, and Station-C) were deployed. The three power stations automatically discovered each other through their respective communication modules and established a self-organizing mesh network. Simultaneously, they were all connected to a central control platform deployed in the command center via a 4G network.

[0032] Initially, Station-A's battery level was 90%, Station-B's was 80%, and Station-C's was 60%. The central control platform received a task instruction to continuously power the communication base stations for 10 hours, with a total power of 1.5kW.

[0033] After platform algorithm analysis, Station-A with the highest power consumption is designated as the master node, and the rest as slave nodes. The initial load distribution ratio is calculated as follows: A bears 50%, B bears 30%, and C bears 20%. After the command is issued, the charging and discharging management modules of each station output current according to this ratio.

[0034] During operation, the environmental sensing module detected a sudden drop in temperature to -10℃. Based on its built-in low-temperature protection logic, the main control module of each power station automatically reduced the maximum charging current and increased the discharge cutoff voltage, while simultaneously reporting this abnormal environmental data. Upon receiving the data, the central control platform reassessed the available capacity of each power station and fine-tuned the load allocation coefficient to prevent low-power stations from shutting down prematurely due to the low temperature.

[0035] If Station-C goes offline due to a fault, Station-A and Station-B in the ad hoc network will immediately detect the loss of heartbeat. Station-A, as the master node, quickly takes over the load share that originally belonged to C, notifies B to increase output, and sends an alarm to the central platform. The entire process is completed within seconds, ensuring uninterrupted power supply to the communication base station.

[0036] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves the following beneficial effects: Due to the adoption of a square shell structure integrating an environmental sensing module and a main control module, each outdoor power station has independent environmental perception and local decision-making capabilities, thus enabling it to automatically adjust charging and discharging parameters under extreme temperature or humidity conditions, avoiding equipment damage or performance degradation caused by unsuitable environments; Due to the construction of a dual control architecture including a central control platform and a self-organizing wireless network, multiple distributed outdoor power stations can achieve data communication and collaborative operation. Therefore, when some nodes fail or communication links fluctuate, the system can still maintain stable power supply through local self-healing or global reconstruction, significantly improving the reliability of power supply and management efficiency in complex outdoor scenarios.

[0037] Example 2: In yet another alternative embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, this application also provides a modular multifunctional outdoor power station, which further includes: a function expansion interface 8 for detachably connecting external function modules; and an identification and configuration unit 9 for automatically identifying the module type and loading the corresponding control strategy when an external function module is connected.

[0038] The functional expansion interface 8 can refer to a standardized physical connection port located on or inside the square housing. Its structure can be customized according to specific requirements; for example, it could be a magnetic pogo pin interface on the top of the housing, a waterproof aviation plug, a USB Type-C interface, or a dedicated multi-pin connector on the side of the housing. This functional expansion interface serves as the physical connection and signal transmission channel between external functional modules and the main control module, and it is electrically connected to the internal main control module and charge / discharge management module. When an external functional module is inserted into this interface, it not only provides a power transmission path but also establishes a data communication link, enabling the external module's status information to be transmitted to the identification and configuration unit, while simultaneously receiving control commands from the main control module. The specific dimensions, pin definitions, and protection level of this interface can be adaptively designed according to the type of external functional module connected and the requirements of the outdoor operating environment; this application does not impose any special limitations on these aspects.

[0039] The identification and configuration unit can be a logic processing component integrated within the main control module or existing as an independent circuit. Its hardware implementation can be a firmware segment in a microcontroller, a dedicated interface control chip, or a logic circuit containing memory. The unit's function in the technical solution is to parse the identity of external access devices and match them with corresponding operational logic. After establishing communication with external functional modules through the function expansion interface, the identification and configuration unit reads pre-stored identification information (such as module ID, type code, rated parameters, etc.) from the external functional modules using single-bus protocols, I2C bus protocols, UART serial communication, or resistor voltage divider identification. After obtaining the identification information, the identification and configuration unit retrieves the driver program, control algorithm, or configuration parameters matching the type from local memory and loads them into the main control module's execution environment, thereby achieving plug-and-play control of the external functional modules. For example, when the external module is identified as a photovoltaic charging panel, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is automatically loaded; when the external module is identified as an LED lighting lamp, brightness adjustment and on / off control strategies are automatically loaded. This process requires no manual intervention, ensuring rapid response and unified management of different extended functions.

[0040] Specifically, the working process and principle of this application are as follows: When a user needs to connect an external functional module to a modular multifunctional outdoor power station, the physical connector of the external functional module is inserted into the functional expansion interface inside the housing. After the functional expansion interface is connected, the identification and configuration unit immediately starts the identification program, sending query commands or detecting specific electrical characteristics to the external module through a preset communication sequence. The external module provides its identity information, which the identification and configuration unit parses to determine the module type. Subsequently, the identification and configuration unit instantiates the corresponding control object in the main control module, configures the corresponding input and output port states, and activates a specific control strategy. Afterward, the main control module can monitor and schedule the external module in real time according to the strategy, such as adjusting output power, reading sensor data, or executing specific action commands. If the external module is removed, the identification and configuration unit detects the disconnection, automatically unloads the relevant driver, and restores the interface to standby state, ensuring the effective release of system resources.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: In an outdoor camping scenario, the user connects a foldable photovoltaic charging panel to the top of the outdoor power station via a magnetic expansion interface. The identification and configuration unit reads the ID code of the photovoltaic panel through a single bus, confirming that it is a 200W photovoltaic input module. It then automatically switches the charging and discharging management module's operating mode to photovoltaic charging mode and activates the MPPT algorithm to track the maximum output power under varying light conditions in real time. Simultaneously, it displays the photovoltaic charging status and real-time power value on the screen. In another application scenario, the user connects a smart LED lighting module to a waterproof interface on the side. The identification and configuration unit recognizes that the module supports PWM dimming and automatically loads the lighting control strategy, allowing the user to remotely adjust the light brightness or set a timer switch via a mobile app without manual wiring or parameter configuration. If an environmental monitoring sensor module is connected, the system automatically starts a data acquisition thread, incorporating temperature, humidity, or air quality data into the station's status reporting sequence.

[0042] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves the goal of enabling outdoor power stations to flexibly adapt to a variety of external functional modules by setting up standardized functional expansion interfaces and intelligent identification and configuration units. This solves the technical problems of traditional equipment having single functions, requiring manual configuration for expansion, and having poor compatibility. As a result, it achieves the technical effects of plug-and-play, automatic matching of control strategies, and improved system scalability and ease of use.

[0043] Example 3: One possible implementation is, such as Figure 5 The diagram shown is a flowchart of a modular multifunctional outdoor power station collaborative control method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method further includes the following steps: Step 1: Each outdoor power station collects its own status information in real time and reports it to the central control platform; The local status information refers to a data set reflecting the current operating status and environmental parameters of the outdoor power station. Specifically, it includes the battery module's state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), real-time output power, internal temperature, ambient temperature, ambient humidity, geographical coordinates, and the types of external functional modules connected. This status information is calculated by the main control module reading sensor data from the environmental sensing module and combining it with electrical parameters fed back by the charge / discharge management module. Its function is to serve as the basic data source for the central control platform to make global scheduling decisions. For example, when the outdoor power station is in a high-altitude, low-temperature environment, the environmental sensing module collects an ambient temperature of -10℃, and the main control module detects a battery SOC of 45%. The system packages these two key data points and reports them to the cloud-based central control platform every 30 seconds via the communication module. This high-frequency status reporting mechanism ensures that the central control platform has a real-time grasp of the cluster's dynamics, providing an accurate basis for subsequent group division and load allocation.

[0044] Step 2: The central control platform divides each power station into at least one collaborative working group according to the task requirements, and designates one master power station and at least one slave power station in each group; The task requirement can refer to external input or a preset power supply target, including the total required power supply, expected power supply duration, load characteristics (such as inductive, capacitive, or resistive loads), and deployment location range. A collaborative work group is a logical unit formed by the central control platform based on the real-time SOC, geographical proximity, and historical reliability scores of each reported power station, using a clustering algorithm. The master power station is the outdoor power station designated to play a coordinating and control role within the group, typically selected as the node with the highest SOC and the most stable communication link; slave power stations are nodes that receive instructions from the master power station or the central platform to execute specific output tasks. For example, in a wilderness camp rescue scenario, the task requirement is to provide 1000W of continuous power for 8 hours. After receiving the status of three power stations located in the same area (SOCs of 95%, 80%, and 60%, respectively), the central control platform divides them into a collaborative work group, designating power station A (SOC of 95%) as the master power station and the other two as slave power stations. This dynamic grouping and role assignment achieves the orderly organization of multi-power station resources, avoiding circulation currents or control conflicts caused by disordered parallel operation.

[0045] Step 3: The main power station or central control platform uses an optimization algorithm to allocate load to each slave power station; The optimization algorithm can refer to a mathematical model used to solve for the optimal load allocation coefficient, including but not limited to distributed control methods based on consensus algorithms, particle swarm optimization algorithms, or linear programming algorithms. Load allocation can refer to the process of decomposing the total load demand of a group to each slave power station according to a specific ratio. Its purpose is to make the load rate (the ratio of current output power to rated power) of each power station tend to be consistent, preventing individual power stations from being overloaded while others are idle. This allocation coefficient is calculated based on the current available capacity, rated output capacity, and real-time load demand of each slave power station. For example, after receiving a total load command of 1000W, master power station A uses a consensus algorithm to exchange adjacent node information with slave power stations B and C. After multiple rounds of iterative convergence, the final allocation scheme is determined: A outputs 500W, B outputs 300W, and C outputs 200W, so that the load rates of the three are balanced. Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 This invention provides a principle block diagram for multi-power station collaborative load sharing and energy mutual assistance. The diagram details the closed-loop control process where the master and slave power stations exchange target load rate values ​​via a self-organizing network and calculate their respective output power reference values ​​using an optimization algorithm. The arrows indicate the flow of control commands and status data. The introduction of the optimization algorithm significantly improves the overall efficiency and stability of the multi-station parallel system.

[0046] Step 4: Each power station dynamically adjusts its charging and discharging parameters based on the temperature data collected by the environmental sensing module; The charging and discharging parameters refer to key variables controlling the charging and discharging behavior of the battery module, including charging current, discharge cutoff voltage threshold, maximum output power limit, and the start / stop status of the cooling fan. Dynamic adjustment refers to the process of automatically modifying the above parameters based on real-time collected ambient temperature data and a preset temperature-strategy mapping table. Specifically, when the ambient temperature is below the first preset temperature threshold (e.g., 0°C), the system automatically reduces the charging current and increases the discharge cutoff voltage to prevent lithium plating in the lithium battery; when the ambient temperature is above the second preset temperature threshold (e.g., 40°C), the system activates the internal cooling fan and limits the maximum output power to avoid overheating protection. For example, when the environmental sensor module detects a sudden rise in ambient temperature to 38°C, the main control module immediately limits the maximum output power to 80% of the rated power and forcibly activates the cooling fan. Simultaneously, if a photovoltaic panel is connected, the MPPT tracking current is reduced. This process effectively avoids damage to battery life caused by extreme temperatures, ensuring the safe operation of the outdoor power station under all-weather conditions.

[0047] Step 5: When the master power station in the same group detects that the SOC of the slave power station is lower than the first predetermined value and the SOC of other power stations is higher than the second predetermined value, it issues an energy mutual assistance command. The first and second predetermined values ​​are pre-set SOC thresholds used to trigger the energy balance mechanism. For example, the first predetermined value can be set to 30%, and the second predetermined value can be set to 50%. The energy mutual assistance command can be a control command issued by the master power station to adjust the energy distribution within the group. Its content includes adjusting the load allocation coefficient, transferring some load from a high-SOC power station to a low-SOC power station, or controlling the DC bus to connect in parallel to achieve current injection for supplementary power. This command is generated when the master power station detects a significant difference in the SOC of each slave power station within the group and meets the triggering conditions. For example, after a period of operation, the master power station detects that the SOC of slave power station C has dropped to 25% (below 30%), while the SOC of slave power station B is still 55% (above 50%). The master power station then issues a command: on the one hand, reducing the load share of C from 20% to 5%, and on the other hand, controlling B to inject 10A of current into C for supplementary power through the cascading interface. Through this proactive energy mutual assistance mechanism, the power shortage of a single station is eliminated, extending the continuous power supply time of the entire collaborative working group.

[0048] Step Six: When the central control platform detects that a power station is offline, it automatically and dynamically reconfigures the load allocation scheme. In this context, "offline" refers to a situation where an outdoor power station stops reporting its status to the central control platform or is unable to respond to control commands due to a fault, power depletion, communication interruption, or manual shutdown. Dynamic load reconfiguration refers to the process where, upon detecting an offline event, the central control platform immediately recalculates the available capacity of the remaining online power stations and generates new load allocation coefficients to fill the power gap left by the offline station. This process is automatically triggered and requires no manual intervention. For example, during coordinated power supply, if power station B suddenly shuts down due to internal over-temperature protection, and the central control platform does not receive a heartbeat packet from B in the next data acquisition cycle, it immediately determines that B is offline and quickly redistributes the 300W load originally borne by B to the remaining power stations A and C (e.g., A increases by 200W, and C increases by 100W). Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 This invention provides a flowchart of a dynamic reconfiguration mechanism in multi-power station collaborative control. The flowchart clearly illustrates the logical judgment and execution path from detecting offline status to triggering reconfiguration and then updating the allocation coefficients. This significantly improves the system's fault tolerance and power supply continuity, ensuring that the overall task is not interrupted when some equipment fails.

[0049] Step 7: The central control platform remotely configures or upgrades the firmware of each power station; Remote configuration refers to sending parameter modification commands to each power station via a wireless network, such as adjusting temperature thresholds or modifying reporting frequencies. Firmware upgrade refers to transmitting new control program packages to the main control modules of each power station and performing the flashing process. This step is achieved through a secure encrypted channel established by the communication module. After receiving the command or data packet, each power station first performs integrity verification. If the verification passes, the update is performed during idle periods or upon restart. For example, before winter arrives, maintenance personnel can send new low-temperature charging current limit configuration commands to all outdoor power stations in batches through the central control platform. Each power station takes effect immediately upon receiving the command, without requiring on-site operation. This not only reduces the maintenance costs of large-scale clusters but also ensures that all power stations always operate under optimal control strategies.

[0050] This application constructs an intelligent collaborative system with adaptive, self-organizing, and self-recovering capabilities through the synergistic effect of steps A to G. Specifically, real-time status acquisition and reporting in step A provides a precise data foundation for subsequent decision-making. Based on this, step B scientifically divides groups and establishes a master-slave architecture according to task requirements, solving the problem of disordered multi-machine operation. Furthermore, step C utilizes optimization algorithms to achieve refined load allocation, combined with the environmental awareness dynamic adjustment strategy in step D, ensuring both power supply efficiency and battery safety. Simultaneously, the energy mutual assistance mechanism in step E and the dynamic reconfiguration mechanism in step F work together; the former balances power differences during normal operation, while the latter quickly compensates for power shortages during anomalies, jointly ensuring the continuity and reliability of power supply. Finally, leveraging the remote operation and maintenance capabilities in step G, continuous optimization of system strategies and ease of maintenance are achieved. This series of closed-loop control logics effectively overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as low modularity, poor collaborative capabilities, and insufficient environmental adaptability, greatly enhancing the application value of outdoor power station clusters in complex scenarios.

[0051] Example 4: In another optional embodiment, the method further includes a refinement of the load distribution mechanism in step C.

[0052] Step 1: The load distribution in Step C adopts a distributed control method based on a consensus algorithm; Distributed control based on consensus algorithms refers to a control strategy that does not rely on a single central node for global real-time computation, but instead utilizes multi-agent system theory to achieve global consensus through local information exchange. In this approach, each outdoor power station within the group acts as an independent intelligent agent node, storing its own current output power reference value and rated power parameters. The purpose of this control method is to delegate the decision-making power for total load allocation to each power station, allowing them to autonomously adjust their output behavior through iterative calculations, thereby preventing the entire system from paralyzing due to communication congestion or failure of the central control platform or the main power station. Specifically, each power station only needs to establish a bidirectional data link with its neighboring nodes within its communication range (i.e., neighboring power stations that are physically close or whose signal strength meets the threshold), exchanging their local state variables, such as current load rate and available capacity margin.

[0053] Step 2: Each power station in the group iteratively updates its own output power reference value by interacting with neighboring nodes; Information interaction refers to each power station periodically broadcasting its own state vector to neighboring nodes and receiving state feedback from them. The state vector includes at least the current actual output power, rated maximum power, and calculated instantaneous load rate. Iterative updates refer to each power station's main control module, upon receiving data from neighboring nodes, executing a preset consensus protocol algorithm (such as average consensus or weighted average consensus) to calculate the output power correction for the next moment based on the load rate deviation between the current node and its neighbors. For example, if a power station detects its own load rate as 60%, while its neighboring nodes have load rates of 30% and 40% respectively, the power station will automatically reduce its own output power reference value according to the algorithm logic, while simultaneously notifying neighboring nodes to appropriately increase their output. After multiple rounds of such local adjustments and data exchanges, the values ​​of each node gradually converge. During this process, the output power reference value is a dynamically changing intermediate variable, and its update frequency can be set according to communication bandwidth and system response speed requirements, typically at the millisecond or second level. Through this local, iterative information interaction and numerical correction, the system can gradually eliminate load differences between nodes without requiring global topology knowledge.

[0054] Step 3: Make the load rates of each power station more consistent; The load factor can be defined as the ratio of a power station's current actual output power to its rated maximum output power, used to characterize the power station's workload. "Convergence" refers to the fact that after algorithm convergence, the load factor values ​​of all online power stations within the group remain within a preset error tolerance range, achieving a state of near equality. The purpose of this step is to achieve automatic current sharing when multiple power stations are connected in parallel, preventing individual power stations from prematurely triggering protection or running out of power due to overload, while avoiding other power stations being in a light-load idle state, thereby maximizing the overall power supply duration and reliability of the entire collaborative group. Specifically, when the algorithm converges, regardless of whether the rated power of each power station is the same (e.g., a 1kW power station and a 2kW power station working together), they will bear the load according to their respective capacity proportions, making their load factors stable at the same level (e.g., both at 50%). This significantly improves the system's robustness in complex communication environments in the field. Even if some communication links are interrupted, the remaining power stations in the connected subnet can still independently maintain local load balancing, ensuring a continuous and stable power supply.

[0055] This application employs a distributed control approach based on a consensus algorithm, transforming the load allocation process in step C from centralized scheduling to decentralized autonomous collaboration. Through information exchange between power stations and adjacent nodes within the group, the system constructs a distributed sensing network, enabling each power station to perceive its local load distribution in real time. Based on this, an iterative update mechanism dynamically adjusts each power station's output power reference value, achieving localized generation and execution of control commands. Ultimately, this leads to a convergence of load rates across power stations, achieving global power balance. This collaborative mechanism not only reduces the communication and computational burden on the central control platform but also effectively addresses the risk of single-point failures. It allows the outdoor power station cluster to maintain efficient load balancing capabilities even when facing node additions or subtractions, communication delays, or partial link interruptions, extending the continuous operating time of the entire power supply system.

[0056] Example 5: In one alternative implementation, the method further includes a specific execution process for the energy exchange command.

[0057] Step 1: Inject current into the low-SOC power station through parallel DC bus connection to replenish the power supply. The DC bus parallel connection method refers to directly connecting the DC buses of multiple outdoor power stations via dedicated cables using pre-set cascading interfaces to construct a common DC bus topology. A high SOC power station refers to a power station with a current state of charge (SOC) higher than a second predetermined value, serving as an energy source; a low SOC power station refers to a power station with a current SOC lower than a first predetermined value, serving as an energy receiver. Current injection charging involves controlling the DC-DC converter circuit of the high SOC power station to raise its DC bus voltage to slightly higher than that of the low SOC power station, thereby creating a potential difference between the two and driving the charging current to flow from the high-energy side to the low-energy side. For example, when the SOC of power station C drops to 25% (below the first predetermined value of 30%), while the SOC of main power station A is 65% (above the second predetermined value of 50%), main power station A controls its internal bidirectional DC-DC converter to raise its DC bus voltage to 54.6V. At this time, the bus voltage of power station C is 52.0V. After the two are connected through the cascade interface, a constant charging current of approximately 10A is injected into the battery module of power station C. This step aims to quickly restore the energy storage level of low-power power stations through direct energy transfer at the physical layer, preventing them from leaving the cooperative group due to depletion of power, thereby ensuring the node integrity of the overall power supply network.

[0058] Step 2: Adjust the load allocation factor to transfer some of the load from the low SOC power plant to the high SOC power plant; Adjusting the load allocation factor can refer to the central control platform or the master power station within a group recalculating and issuing new power allocation weights based on the real-time SOC and remaining available capacity of each node. The load allocation factor determines the proportion of the total load demand borne by each power station. Partial load transfer involves reducing the load allocation factor of low-SOC power stations, causing them to reduce their output power, while simultaneously increasing the load allocation factor of high-SOC power stations proportionally or according to a preset strategy, allowing them to handle the additional power output. For example, in the scenario above, when master power station A initiates current injection, it dynamically reduces the load allocation factor of slave power station C from the initial 20% to 5%, transferring 150W of its original 200W load to master power station A and another slave power station B. This allows slave power station C to maintain only extremely low base output or even zero output, focusing on receiving supplementary power. This step is used in conjunction with the current injection method described above. Current injection solves the problem of insufficient capacity, while load transfer solves the problem of excessively rapid incremental consumption. Through this synergistic mechanism of increasing capacity and reducing power consumption, it not only prevents low SOC power plants from triggering protection shutdown due to voltage drop caused by continuous high current discharge, but also utilizes the surplus capacity of high SOC power plants to maintain the stability of the total output power of the system, significantly improving the endurance and robustness of the multi-machine collaborative system under extreme operating conditions.

[0059] This application achieves dynamic balance and optimized allocation of energy within the cluster by organically combining the two energy mutual assistance methods mentioned above. Current injection supplementation via parallel DC bus connection directly repairs the energy shortage of low-power nodes, extending their online duration. Simultaneously, dynamic adjustment based on the load distribution coefficient instantly reduces the output burden of low-power nodes, avoiding a chain reaction caused by premature failure of a single node. Furthermore, the high-SOC power station not only directly supplies energy to the low-SOC power station as an energy source but also takes over the core power supply task of the system as the main load bearer. This dual support mechanism ensures that even when some nodes are critically low in power, the entire collaborative working group can still maintain the predetermined total output power and power supply duration, effectively solving the technical problems of existing technologies where multiple machines in parallel cannot intelligently schedule internal energy flow and are prone to overall power outages due to single-point power depletion.

[0060] Example 6: In yet another alternative embodiment, such as Figure 8 The diagram shown is a flowchart of a method for dynamically adjusting charge and discharge parameters according to an embodiment of this application. The method further includes the following steps: Step 1: When the ambient temperature is lower than the first preset temperature threshold, reduce the charging current and increase the discharge cutoff voltage; This step involves a low-temperature protection strategy based on real-time temperature data collected by the environmental sensing module. The first preset temperature threshold can be a critical temperature value preset by the system to determine if the battery is in a low-temperature operating environment, such as 0℃ or -10℃. The specific value can be set at the factory according to the chemical characteristics of the battery module or remotely configured by the central control platform. Reducing the charging current can mean that the main control module sends a command to the charge / discharge management module to limit the current charging current to a certain percentage of the rated charging current. For example, when the ambient temperature is detected to be -5℃, the charging current is reduced from the standard 1C to 0.2C or 0.5C. This measure slows down the embedding speed of lithium ions on the negative electrode surface, preventing the precipitation of lithium metal on the negative electrode surface due to reduced ion mobility at low temperatures, thus avoiding the safety hazard of internal short circuits caused by piercing the separator. Increasing the discharge cutoff voltage can mean adjusting the minimum allowable discharge voltage threshold of the battery upwards, for example, from the conventional 2.8V / cell to 3.0V / cell or 3.2V / cell. Its function is to terminate the discharge process in advance under low-temperature conditions, preventing the battery from entering a deep discharge state and preventing irreversible capacity loss and structural damage caused by increased electrolyte viscosity and a sharp increase in internal resistance. By combining the reduction of charging current with the increase of discharge cutoff voltage, the system constructs a dual protection mechanism under low-temperature conditions, which not only ensures the safety of the charging process but also extends the cycle life of the battery module in cold environments.

[0061] Step 2: When the ambient temperature is higher than the second preset temperature threshold, start the cooling fan and limit the output power; This step involves a high-temperature protection strategy executed based on real-time temperature data collected by the environmental sensing module. The second preset temperature threshold can refer to the critical temperature value preset by the system for determining whether the battery is in a high-temperature operating environment, such as 40℃ or 45℃. Activating the cooling fan means that after the main control module detects that the temperature exceeds the second preset temperature threshold, it immediately drives the temperature-controlled fan inside the square casing to run at full speed or in a stepped speed adjustment mode, forcing airflow across the surface of the battery module and the heat sink of the charge / discharge management module to enhance convective heat transfer efficiency and quickly remove accumulated heat. Limiting output power means that the main control module dynamically adjusts the maximum allowable output current or power limit of the charge / discharge management module; for example, when the ambient temperature reaches 45℃, the maximum output power is limited to 70% or 80% of the rated power. Figure 8 As shown in the flowchart, the correspondence between temperature judgment logic and execution actions is clearly illustrated: once the temperature signal exceeds the high threshold branch, the system immediately executes fan start / stop control and power derating operation in parallel. Limiting output power reduces heat generation from the battery's internal resistance and power device heat loss at the source, preventing heat accumulation from exceeding the cooling system's removal capacity, thereby avoiding the risk of thermal runaway. The activation of the cooling fan and the limitation of output power work together; the former actively accelerates heat dissipation, while the latter passively reduces heat generation, jointly ensuring that the core component temperature of the power station remains within a safe range under high-temperature exposure or high-load operation scenarios. This effectively avoids automatic shutdown protection due to overheating and ensures the continuity of power supply.

[0062] This application achieves adaptive management of the entire temperature range of outdoor power stations through the synergistic effect of the aforementioned technical features. By accurately sensing temperature in real time through an environmental sensing module, the system can automatically switch to the corresponding low-temperature protection mode or high-temperature heat dissipation mode based on a first preset temperature threshold and a second preset temperature threshold. On the low-temperature side, the combined strategy of reducing charging current and increasing discharge cutoff voltage effectively solves the pain points of lithium-ion batteries being prone to lithium plating during charging and over-discharge during discharging at low temperatures. On the high-temperature side, the linkage mechanism of activating the cooling fan and limiting output power balances heat dissipation requirements and power supply capacity, preventing safety accidents caused by heat accumulation. This dynamic adjustment mechanism allows the modular multi-functional outdoor power station to adapt to outdoor operating environments with large diurnal temperature differences, significant seasonal changes, or extreme climate conditions without manual intervention, significantly improving the safety, reliability, and lifespan of the battery module and ensuring stable and reliable power support under various harsh environments.

[0063] Example 7: One possible implementation is, such as Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, this application also provides a modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system according to the above embodiments. The modular multifunctional outdoor power station is equipped with a cascading interface for connecting the DC buses of multiple outdoor power stations in parallel via cables. After detecting the connection of the cascading interface, the cooperative control system automatically executes parallel networking and starts master-slave equalization control.

[0064] The cascading interface refers to a dedicated physical connection port located on a square housing, whose internal circuitry is directly electrically connected to the DC bus of the battery module. The function of this cascading interface is to provide a low-impedance, high-current hardwired connection channel for multiple independent outdoor power stations, enabling the construction of a parallel topology on the DC side. In practice, this cascading interface can be an Anderson Powerpole, an industrial aviation plug, or a custom magnetic high-voltage connector, with pin definitions including at least a DC positive terminal, a DC negative terminal, and a data signal line for communication handshake. When the user connects the cascading interface of the first outdoor power station to the cascading interface of the second outdoor power station via a dedicated cable, the DC buses of the two power stations form a parallel network with interconnected potentials, allowing electrical energy to flow directly between the power stations, thereby supporting the joint drive of high-power loads or rapid power exchange.

[0065] The collaborative control system automatically initiates parallel networking upon detecting a cascaded interface connection. This process involves the system identifying the establishment of a physical link by monitoring voltage changes, impedance transitions, or the connectivity of data signal lines at the cascaded interface. Once a connection signal is detected, the master control module immediately suspends its independent charging and discharging decision logic and initiates the parallel protocol stack. Under this protocol, each power station exchanges its real-time voltage, SOC, and internal resistance information via data signal lines. Based on preset master-slave election rules (such as priority for the highest SOC or priority for the first to connect), the system automatically negotiates and determines the roles of the master and slave power stations within the group. The master power station is responsible for setting the target voltage reference for the DC bus, while the slave power stations lock onto this reference and adjust their DC-DC converter outputs to achieve voltage synchronization. This automatic networking mechanism eliminates the cumbersome steps of manually configuring master-slave relationships, ensuring the immediate usability of multiple units in parallel.

[0066] Initiating master-slave balancing control refers to the process where, after voltage synchronization is completed and the system enters a steady-state operation phase, the output current or charging current of each substation is adjusted through closed-loop feedback to distribute the power according to the rated capacity ratio or real-time available capacity. Specifically, the master substation broadcasts current sharing commands to each slave substation. Each slave substation dynamically adjusts its PWM duty cycle based on the deviation between its actual output current and the target reference value, thereby suppressing circulating current phenomena caused by differences in line impedance or inconsistent battery characteristics. This control strategy ensures balanced load across substations during parallel discharge, avoiding single-unit overload; and consistent charging rates across substations during parallel charging, preventing overcharging of individual batteries. Through this coordination, multiple small outdoor substations, after physical cascading, form an equivalent large-capacity, high-power virtual power source, significantly improving the system's power supply stability when dealing with instantaneous load surges or prolonged high-power operations.

[0067] Specifically, the working process of this application is as follows: When the user needs to use higher power output, multiple modular outdoor power stations are connected in series or in a star configuration using dedicated cables. Upon system power-on or connection, the main control module of each power station detects the level signal at the cascade interface, triggers an interrupt program, and reads the identification and status parameters of the peer power station. If multiple devices are detected online, the system automatically executes a master-slave election algorithm, selecting one as the master and the rest as slaves. The master then issues synchronization clock and voltage commands, and the slaves adjust the operating point of their inverter or rectifier circuits to match the master. During operation, if a slave fails, the master senses the bus current change in real time and recalculates the load distribution coefficient of the remaining devices, smoothly transitioning to a new equilibrium state without manual intervention.

[0068] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: In a large-scale medical rescue scenario in the field, a portable X-ray machine with a power of 3kW is required to operate, while the rated output power of a single outdoor power station is only 1kW. The operator takes out three identical modular outdoor power stations and uses two double-ended cascaded cables to connect the cascade interfaces of power station A to power station B, and power station B to power station C, respectively. After connection, the displays of the three power stations simultaneously flash a network status indicator. After approximately 2 seconds, power station A displays "master," while power stations B and C display "slave," and the DC bus voltage of the three power stations is forcibly leveled to the same value. When the X-ray machine starts and generates a 2.5kW instantaneous load, the three power stations respond simultaneously, each sharing approximately 833W of output power, with the current balance error controlled within 5%. If power station C cuts off its output due to battery overheating protection, power stations A and B automatically increase their respective output power to 1.25kW within 100 milliseconds to maintain the normal operation of the X-ray machine and send an alarm to the central control platform indicating that station C is offline and the load has been reconfigured.

[0069] Through the above technical solution, this application has achieved the technical problem that the parallel connection of multiple power plants in the prior art requires manual configuration and is prone to circulating current or uneven load, by setting up a dedicated cascading interface and cooperating with automatic detection and master-slave equalization control algorithm. This has achieved the technical effects of simplifying the operation process, improving the stability of the parallel system and expanding the total output power of the system.

[0070] Example 8: In another optional embodiment, this application also provides a modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system as described in the above embodiments, wherein there are multiple rechargeable battery modules and hot-swappable replacement is supported; the battery modules are connected to each other through an equalization circuit.

[0071] The rechargeable battery module comprises multiple modules, meaning at least two independent battery cells are housed within a square casing. These battery cells collectively constitute the energy storage core of the power station. In this application, the multiple battery modules not only increase the total energy storage capacity but also reduce the impact of individual cell failures on the overall system through a decentralized layout. Physically, these multiple battery modules can be arranged side-by-side or stacked within mounting cavities inside the casing. Each battery module has an independent enclosure and electrical interface. The multiple battery modules are not simply connected in series or parallel but are connected to the system bus via a specific topology for independent management.

[0072] Supporting hot-swappable replacement refers to a connection structure between the battery module and the square housing designed to allow the battery module to be removed and inserted while the outdoor power station is in operation (i.e., the main control module is running, the charge / discharge management module is working, or it is supplying power externally) without causing system power outages, restarts, or electrical safety accidents. There are several structural forms that can achieve this hot-swappable function: for example, a connector with separate pre-charge contacts and main power contacts can be used between the battery module and the internal socket of the housing. During insertion, the signal and pre-charge circuits are connected first, followed by the high-current main circuit; alternatively, a magnetic conductive contact combined with a mechanical locking mechanism can be used between the battery module and the housing. The user can remove the module by pressing the unlock button, and the new module will automatically engage after insertion. Furthermore, hot-swappable replacement can also include software-level coordination. When the main control module detects a loss of voltage or communication interruption in a battery module, it can cut off the corresponding power switch in milliseconds to prevent arcing or reverse current surges, and automatically execute a handshake protocol and parameter identification upon detecting a new module. The embodiments of this application do not impose special limitations on specific mechanical locking methods, contact arrangement order, or software response timing, which can be set according to the actual product form.

[0073] A balancing circuit refers to a power electronic circuit or control logic unit connected between multiple battery modules. Its function is to monitor the voltage, current, and state of charge (SOC) of each battery module in real time, and to equalize the states of the modules through energy transfer or dissipation. In current technologies, the balancing circuit has a direct electrical connection with each battery module, forming a closed-loop feedback control path. When a battery module's voltage is too high or too low due to aging, temperature differences, or different initial charge levels, the balancing circuit activates: for modules with high voltage, the balancing circuit can transfer excess energy to modules with lower voltage (active balancing), or dissipate excess energy through resistors (passive balancing); for modules with low voltage, it receives supplementary energy from other modules or the system bus. Through this coordination, the balancing circuit ensures that in scenarios with multiple modules connected in parallel or mixed configurations, there are no safety hazards caused by overcharging or over-discharging of a single battery cell, while also improving the overall usable capacity and cycle life of the battery pack.

[0074] Specifically, the working process and principle of this application are as follows: During normal operation of the outdoor power station, the main control module continuously collects real-time voltage and temperature data of each rechargeable battery module through the balancing circuit. If the system detects that the SOC of a certain battery module is lower than the preset safety threshold, or if the user needs to replace the depleted module to extend the power supply time, the user can directly perform a hot-swapping operation. At the moment the old module is removed, the balancing circuit and the branch corresponding to that module are quickly disconnected, and the remaining normally operating battery modules continue to supply power to the load through the charge and discharge management module, and the system output voltage remains stable and uninterrupted. Subsequently, when the user inserts a new fully charged battery module into the corresponding slot, the balancing circuit first detects the voltage of the new module. If there is a large voltage difference between the new module voltage and the system bus voltage, the balancing circuit controls the pre-charge circuit to perform voltage matching; after the voltage difference is reduced to a safe range, the main circuit switch is closed, and the new module is officially connected to the system. After that, the balancing circuit intervenes again to rebalance the charge of the newly connected module with other existing modules until the SOC of all modules reaches a consistent state, thereby completing a seamless battery replacement and collaborative working process.

[0075] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: Assume that the modular multi-functional outdoor power station has three standard-sized rechargeable battery module slots, labeled Slot1, Slot2, and Slot3. Initially, each of the three slots is equipped with a 1kWh lithium battery module, with a total system capacity of 3kWh, powering a 500W refrigerator. After running for a period of time, the battery module in Slot3 is depleted, and its SOC drops to 5%. At this point, the user does not need to turn off the outdoor power station; they can simply press the release button at Slot3 to remove the low-charge module. During the removal process, the equalization circuit detects that the current in the Slot3 branch is cut off and immediately adjusts the output power distribution between Slot1 and Slot2 to ensure uninterrupted power supply to the refrigerator. Then, the user inserts a pre-charged battery module of the same model into Slot3. Upon insertion, the identification and configuration unit reads the ID information of the new module to confirm its legitimacy. The balancing circuit detects that the new module's voltage is 4.2V / series, while the current equivalent voltage of the system bus is 3.8V / series. Therefore, it activates the bidirectional DC-DC converter for step-down pre-charging, pulling the new module's voltage down to match the system. After pre-charging is complete, the main contactor engages, and the new module begins operation. Subsequently, the balancing circuit activates active balancing mode, transferring some excess power from Slots 1 and 2 to Slot 3. After approximately 10 minutes of adjustment, the SOC of all three modules stabilizes at around 60%, and the system returns to its optimal coordinated state.

[0076] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves the technical effect of flexibly extending the battery life, improving the maintainability of the equipment, and ensuring the safety of multi-module parallel operation by adopting a design with multiple battery modules, a hot-swappable structure, and a balancing circuit. This solves the inconvenience of traditional outdoor power supplies having to stop charging or move and replace the entire unit when the battery is depleted.

[0077] Example 9: In yet another alternative embodiment, such as Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 The present application also provides a modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system according to the above embodiments, which is a flowchart for identifying and configuring external functional modules. The method further includes: external functional modules including photovoltaic charging panels, LED lighting, communication relay modules or environmental monitoring sensor modules; and identification and configuration units reading module IDs through single bus or I2C interface.

[0078] The external functional modules can refer to various peripheral units that are detachably connected to the functional expansion interface on the square housing. Specific types include photovoltaic charging panels for converting solar energy into electrical energy to charge battery modules; LED lighting for providing local or overall lighting during fieldwork or camping; communication relay modules for enhancing wireless communication coverage in weak signal areas and enabling data forwarding; and environmental monitoring sensor modules for collecting specific environmental data such as air pressure, air quality, and radiation in areas other than the base station's own environment. This application does not specifically limit the types of external functional modules, as long as they can be connected to and controlled by the outdoor power station through standardized physical interfaces. These external functional modules serve to expand the application scenarios of the outdoor power station. Through cooperation with the charge / discharge management module or main control module, a single energy storage device can be flexibly transformed into a power station, lighting station, communication station, or monitoring station according to task requirements.

[0079] The identification and configuration unit can refer to a logic processing circuit integrated within the main control module or existing as a separate chip. Its core function is to establish a communication link and obtain the module's identity information the moment an external functional module is connected. This identification and configuration unit is electrically connected to the function expansion interface. When a device is detected inserted at the interface, the identification program is immediately started. Its working principle is to actively scan and read the unique identifier (ID) embedded in the memory chip inside the external functional module through a preset digital communication protocol. This ID data usually contains information such as the module's type code, version number, rated power, and recommended control strategy index. After reading the ID, the identification and configuration unit matches it with the pre-installed device driver library in the local memory. Once a match is successful, the corresponding driver and control strategy parameters are automatically loaded, thus enabling control of the external functional module without manual user intervention. For example, when an ID representing a photovoltaic charging panel is read, the system automatically switches the charge and discharge management module to MPPT tracking mode; when an ID representing an LED lighting lamp is read, the system automatically activates the corresponding PWM dimming output channel.

[0080] A single-wire or I2C interface can refer to a low-pin-count serial communication bus used to transmit digital signals between the identification and configuration unit and external functional modules. A single-wire (1-Wire) interface requires only one data line for power supply (parasitic power supply mode) and bidirectional communication, featuring simple wiring and low cost, making it suitable for module ID reading scenarios with low speed requirements. An I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) interface includes a clock line (SCL) and a data line (SDA), supports multi-master / multi-slave architectures, has a higher data transmission rate and better anti-interference capabilities, and is suitable for functional modules that require frequent interaction of status information. In the technical solution of this application, the specific interface form adopted can be set according to the actual situation. For example, a single-wire interface can be used for simple photovoltaic panels or lighting lamps, while an I2C interface can be used for environmental monitoring sensor modules that need to upload large amounts of sensor data in real time. Both interfaces can ensure that the identification and configuration unit accurately and quickly obtains the module ID, thereby achieving a plug-and-play functional expansion experience.

[0081] Specifically, in the implementation of this application, the external functional modules are pre-programmed with a unique electronic serial number or type identification code, which is stored in non-volatile memory. When the user inserts the photovoltaic charging panel into the functional expansion interface, the physical contacts are activated, and the identification and configuration unit sends a reset pulse via a single-bus protocol. It then reads the 64-bit ROM code returned by the photovoltaic panel, parses it to identify it as a photovoltaic device, and subsequently calls the maximum power point tracking algorithm library. If the user replaces it with a communication relay module, the identification and configuration unit discovers the new device through I2C address scanning, reads the device descriptor in its register, confirms it as a relay module, automatically configures the communication module's operating frequency band and transmit power, and establishes a data pass-through channel. Throughout the process, different types of modules access through a unified interface standard, but trigger differentiated software responses through different ID contents, achieving a combination of standardized hardware interfaces and customized software control.

[0082] As a preferred embodiment, the solution of this application is implemented as follows: In an emergency communication support scenario in the field, the operator inserts a dedicated communication relay module into the magnetic functional expansion interface on the top of the outdoor power station. After detecting a voltage change, the identification and configuration unit immediately initiates a query via a single bus and reads the module ID as RELAY-5G-V2. The system kernel searches the local database, confirms that the ID corresponds to the 5G signal relay function, and then automatically loads the relay driver, adjusts the power output strategy to meet the peak power consumption requirements of the relay module, and reports the status information that the relay module is online to the central control platform. At this time, the outdoor power station immediately transforms into a mobile communication base station with signal amplification function without any manual settings. If environmental monitoring functions need to be added later, the operator can directly connect the environmental monitoring sensor module at the same interface or through a splitter. The identification and configuration unit reads the new module ID again via the I2C bus, automatically switches the communication protocol stack to receive sensor data such as temperature, humidity, and PM2.5, and packages this data to send it to the remote command center through the newly connected relay module.

[0083] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves the following: by clarifying the specific types of external functional modules (photovoltaic charging panels, LED lighting, communication relay modules, and environmental monitoring sensor modules) and specifying an ID reading mechanism based on a single bus or I2C interface, outdoor power stations can accurately identify the types of connected devices and automatically match control strategies. This solves the problems of traditional expansion devices requiring manual configuration and having poor compatibility, and achieves the technical effects of plug-and-play, rapid deployment, and flexible and scalable system functions.

[0084] Example 10: In another aspect, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be the computer-readable storage medium included in the apparatus described above; or it may be a standalone computer-readable storage medium not assembled into the device. The computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs, which are used by one or more processors to execute the modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system method described in this application.

[0085] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system, characterized in that, The modular multifunctional outdoor power station includes: Square shell; At least one rechargeable battery module is installed inside the square housing; The charge / discharge management module is used to control the charging and discharging process of the battery module and provides an external power supply interface; The main control module is used to execute local control logic; The communication module is used for wireless communication with external control terminals or other outdoor power stations; An environmental sensing module is used to collect ambient temperature and humidity data. The control system includes: At least two of the aforementioned modular multi-functional outdoor power stations; The central control platform is connected to each outdoor power station and is used to receive status information and issue dispatch instructions. Each of the outdoor power stations establishes a self-organizing wireless network through the communication module to achieve data interaction and collaborative control between the power stations.

2. The modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modular multifunctional outdoor power station also includes: Function expansion interface for detachable connection of external functional modules; The identification and configuration unit is used to automatically identify the module type and load the corresponding control strategy when external functional modules are connected.

3. The modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control system performs the following cooperative control method: Step A: Each outdoor power station collects its own status information in real time and reports it to the central control platform; Step B: The central control platform divides each power station into at least one collaborative working group according to the task requirements, and designates one master power station and at least one slave power station in each group; Step C: The main power station or central control platform uses an optimization algorithm to allocate load to each slave power station; Step D: Each power station dynamically adjusts its charging and discharging parameters based on the temperature data collected by the environmental sensing module; Step E: When the master power station in the same group detects that the SOC of the slave power station is lower than the first predetermined value and the SOC of other power stations is higher than the second predetermined value, it issues an energy mutual assistance command. Step F: When the central control platform detects that a power station is offline, it automatically and dynamically reconfigures the load allocation scheme; Step G: The central control platform remotely configures or upgrades the firmware of each power station.

4. The modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The load allocation in step C adopts a distributed control method based on a consensus algorithm: each power station in the group updates its own output power reference value iteratively through information interaction with neighboring nodes, so that the load rate of each power station tends to be consistent.

5. The modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The energy mutual assistance instructions include: injecting current from a high SOC power station to a low SOC power station through a DC bus parallel connection, and / or adjusting the load distribution coefficient to transfer part of the load from the low SOC power station to the high SOC power station.

6. The modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The dynamic adjustment of charging and discharging parameters in step D includes: reducing the charging current and increasing the discharge cutoff voltage when the ambient temperature is lower than the first preset temperature threshold; and starting the cooling fan and limiting the output power when the ambient temperature is higher than the second preset temperature threshold.

7. The modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modular multi-functional outdoor power station is equipped with a cascading interface for connecting the DC buses of multiple outdoor power stations in parallel via cables; the collaborative control system automatically executes parallel networking and initiates master-slave balancing control after detecting the cascading interface connection.

8. The modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rechargeable battery modules are multiple and support hot-swappable replacement; the battery modules are connected to each other through an equalization circuit.

9. The modular multifunctional outdoor power station and its control system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The external functional modules include photovoltaic charging panels, LED lighting, communication relay modules, or environmental monitoring sensor modules; the identification and configuration unit reads the module ID through a single bus or I2C interface.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 3 to 6.

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