A method, system, and medium for monitoring power supply of a node

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of power supply method, system and medium of monitoring node, comprising: control energy collection unit gathers the environmental energy of the environment where monitoring node is located and converts into original electric energy;Control energy management unit carries out electric energy transformation to original electric energy, obtains charging electric energy and charges energy storage unit;The first end voltage of detection energy storage unit is greater than or equal to preset starting threshold value, then through enabling control unit controls voltage stabilizing power supply unit to start, to make voltage stabilizing power supply unit convert fluctuation voltage output by energy storage unit into stabilized working voltage and power supply main control unit, to make main control unit after wake up stage load executes monitoring task, after monitoring task is completed, through enabling control unit controls stage load power off, main control unit enters dormancy and voltage stabilizing power supply unit is closed, to make the monitoring node enter energy accumulation state.The application can improve the power supply stability of monitoring node under the condition of no external power supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power grid monitoring technology, and in particular to a power supply method, system and medium for monitoring nodes. Background Technology

[0002] Grid monitoring blind spot nodes refer to monitoring terminals deployed in underground cable tunnels, non-power supply areas of underground utility corridors, edge areas of distribution rooms, peripheral locations of prefabricated substations, and other unattended areas where wiring and power access are inconvenient. These terminals collect environmental or status parameters such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, air pressure, water immersion, smoke, door magnets, and vibration, and report the monitoring data to a remote platform via remote communication to achieve real-time perception of the operational status of key grid nodes. These areas generally feature limited space, complex environments, dispersed deployment points, difficulties in long-term maintenance, and high requirements for continuous monitoring. Furthermore, with the increasing demands of grid monitoring, monitoring terminals not only need to collect multiple parameters but also integrate remote communication and location identification functions. These functions significantly increase terminal power consumption, thus placing higher demands on their power supply.

[0003] Currently, monitoring nodes in power grid monitoring blind spots cannot be continuously powered by external mains power or centralized power supply lines. Instead, they rely on primary battery power or periodic battery replacement to maintain operation. However, this type of power supply has significant drawbacks: the capacity of primary batteries is limited, and with the integration of high-power functions such as remote communication into monitoring terminals, the battery life is significantly shortened, requiring frequent battery replacements and making it difficult to guarantee a stable power supply for monitoring nodes. Furthermore, monitoring nodes in power grid monitoring blind spots are deployed in scattered locations in complex environments. Frequent manual maintenance is not only costly but also presents challenges in construction within enclosed or confined spaces such as underground cable tunnels and pipe corridors, resulting in low maintenance efficiency and making it difficult to guarantee the long-term continuous and stable operation of monitoring nodes. Consequently, the power supply stability of monitoring nodes is poor when there is no external power supply. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a power supply method, system, and medium for monitoring nodes, which can improve the power supply stability of monitoring nodes under conditions without external power supply.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power supply method for a monitoring node, applied to a monitoring node, the monitoring node including an energy harvesting unit, an energy management unit, an energy storage unit, a voltage stabilization unit, an enable control unit, a main control unit, and a downstream load, the method including: The energy harvesting unit is controlled to collect the ambient energy of the environment where the monitoring node is located, and convert the ambient energy into raw electrical energy; The energy management unit is controlled to convert the raw electrical energy into charging energy, and the charging energy is used to charge the energy storage unit. The first terminal voltage of the energy storage unit is detected. If the first terminal voltage is greater than or equal to a preset start-up threshold, the enable control unit controls the voltage regulator unit to start, so that the voltage regulator unit converts the fluctuating voltage output by the energy storage unit into a regulated operating voltage, and uses the regulated operating voltage to power the main control unit, so that the main control unit wakes up the downstream load to perform the monitoring task. After the monitoring task is completed, the enable control unit controls the downstream load to be powered off, controls the main control unit to enter sleep mode, and controls the voltage regulator unit to be turned off, so that the monitoring node enters the energy accumulation state.

[0006] By controlling the energy harvesting unit to collect environmental energy and convert it into raw electrical energy, a power source that eliminates dependence on external power supply can be provided for monitoring nodes, solving the problem of energy input deficiency under conditions of no external power supply. This ensures the autonomy of power supply and fundamentally guarantees power supply stability at the energy source level. Controlling the energy management unit to convert raw electrical energy into charging energy to charge the energy storage unit can uniformly convert weak electrical energy of different forms and voltage levels into storable electrical energy, solving the problem of charging failure due to mismatched energy forms or excessively low voltage. This ensures that the energy storage unit can effectively accumulate energy under various energy input conditions, providing sufficient input energy to guarantee the continuous stable voltage output of the voltage stabilization unit. Detecting the terminal voltage of the energy storage unit and activating the voltage stabilization unit only when it reaches the activation threshold ensures sufficient input voltage at startup, preventing voltage drops or interruptions due to undervoltage and guaranteeing the continuity of voltage stabilization. The voltage stabilization unit also manages fluctuations in the energy storage unit's voltage. The voltage is converted to a regulated operating voltage, which can suppress the negative impact of energy storage voltage fluctuations on the load and solve the problem of main control unit reset or abnormal operation of downstream loads caused by severe voltage fluctuations, ensuring stable power output quality. Using the regulated operating voltage to power the main control unit enables it to wake up the downstream loads to perform monitoring tasks after power-on, allowing the monitoring node to complete monitoring work under stable power supply. This verifies that the output capability of the regulated power supply can meet the normal operation requirements of the downstream loads, avoiding the inability of downstream loads to start or malfunction due to insufficient power supply, thus ensuring reliable power supply stability under actual load conditions. After the monitoring task is completed, the enable control unit controls the downstream load to power off, the main control unit to go into sleep mode, and the regulated power supply unit to shut down, allowing the monitoring node to re-enter the energy accumulation state to prepare for the next power supply. This allows the system to exit the high-power state, blocks the path of continuous voltage drop in energy storage, and solves the problem of insufficient energy for the next start-up due to continuous energy consumption after the task is completed, ensuring sufficient input energy for the next regulated start-up. This application can improve the power supply stability of the monitoring node under conditions without external power supply.

[0007] Furthermore, after powering the main control unit with the regulated operating voltage to wake up the downstream load and enable it to perform the monitoring task, the method further includes: Obtain the second terminal voltage of the energy storage unit; If the voltage at the second terminal is less than the preset warning threshold, the operating power consumption of each load unit in the downstream load is obtained, the operating power consumption of each load unit is filtered to determine the load to be turned off, and the enable control unit is controlled to cut off the power to the load to be turned off. If the voltage at the second terminal is less than the preset shutdown threshold, the main control unit and the downstream load are actively shut down by the enable control unit so that the energy management unit can continue to charge the energy storage unit. The warning threshold is less than the start threshold, and the shutdown threshold is less than the warning threshold.

[0008] By monitoring the energy storage voltage during task execution, and filtering and shutting down high-power loads based on the operating power consumption of each load when the voltage is below the warning threshold, the system can prioritize the continued operation of core monitoring functions when energy is insufficient. This avoids the voltage from rapidly dropping to the shutdown threshold due to continuous power consumption by the load. When the voltage is below the shutdown threshold, the system can actively shut down all loads and resume charging, preventing the system from crashing due to energy depletion and ensuring sufficient energy reserves for the next startup, thereby improving power supply stability.

[0009] Furthermore, the step of using the regulated operating voltage to power the main control unit, so that the main control unit wakes up the downstream load to perform the monitoring task, specifically includes: Obtain the third terminal voltage and capacitance of the energy storage unit; The available energy of the energy storage unit is calculated using the third terminal voltage, the capacitor capacity, and the preset minimum stable operating voltage of the voltage regulator unit. If the available energy is greater than or equal to the preset task consumption threshold corresponding to the monitoring task, then the main control unit is controlled to wake up the downstream load to execute the monitoring task.

[0010] This method estimates available energy and compares it with task consumption thresholds before waking up subsequent loads, ensuring that high-power loads are only started when there is sufficient energy to support the complete task. This avoids interruptions in task execution due to insufficient energy, thereby improving task completion rate and power supply stability.

[0011] Furthermore, after controlling the energy harvesting unit to collect the ambient energy of the environment where the monitoring node is located and converting the ambient energy into raw electrical energy, the method further includes: The original electrical energy is detected to obtain the voltage and current at the fourth terminal; The target operating voltage is calculated using the fourth terminal voltage and the current, and the energy harvesting unit is adjusted using the target operating voltage.

[0012] By detecting the voltage and current of the raw electrical energy and calculating the target operating voltage to adjust the energy harvesting unit, the energy harvesting unit can output maximum power under conditions of weak light, slight vibration, or small temperature difference, thereby improving energy harvesting efficiency and energy utilization, providing more electrical energy to the energy storage unit, and thus providing more sufficient input energy to the voltage stabilization power supply unit, ensuring power supply stability.

[0013] Furthermore, the energy harvesting unit includes at least one of a solar energy harvester, a vibration energy harvester, and a thermoelectric generator. The control of the energy harvesting unit to collect ambient energy from the environment where the monitoring node is located and convert that ambient energy into raw electrical energy specifically includes: If the energy harvesting unit is the light energy harvester, then the light energy harvester is controlled to collect the light energy of the environment where the monitoring node is located, and convert the light energy into direct current energy. If the energy harvesting unit is the vibration energy collector, then the vibration energy collector is controlled to collect the mechanical vibration energy generated by the power equipment in the environment where the monitoring node is located, and the mechanical vibration energy is converted into AC power. If the energy harvesting unit is the thermoelectric power generation unit, then the thermoelectric power generation unit is controlled to collect the temperature difference energy in the environment where the monitoring node is located, and convert the temperature difference energy into thermoelectric DC power. The light energy DC power, the AC power, or the thermoelectric DC power are used as the original power.

[0014] This provides three energy harvesting methods: light energy, vibration energy, and temperature difference energy. This allows the monitoring node to obtain electrical energy to charge the energy storage unit whenever any environmental energy source is available. It avoids the system being unable to obtain energy due to the unavailability of a single energy source, and provides diversified energy input guarantees for power supply stability.

[0015] Furthermore, the control of the energy management unit to convert the raw electrical energy into charging energy specifically includes: The energy management unit is controlled to identify the type of electrical energy in the raw electrical energy; If the type of electrical energy is alternating current (AC), then the original electrical energy is rectified to obtain the first type of direct current (DC). If the type of electrical energy is DC, then the original electrical energy is taken as the first DC electrical energy; If the first DC power is less than the preset boost threshold of the energy storage unit, the first DC power is boosted to obtain the charging power.

[0016] This process of identifying the type of raw electrical energy, rectifying it, and boosting it at low voltage ensures that weak electrical energy of different forms and voltage levels can be converted into charging energy suitable for the energy storage unit. This guarantees that the energy storage unit can effectively store energy under various energy input conditions, providing sufficient input energy to ensure the continuous output of stable voltage by the voltage stabilization power supply unit.

[0017] Furthermore, the charging of the energy storage unit using the charging energy specifically includes: If the charging energy is less than the preset charging threshold, the energy management unit is controlled to enter a waiting state and the energy collection unit is controlled to continue collecting energy until the charging energy is greater than or equal to the charging threshold. Then, the energy management unit is controlled to use the charging energy to charge the energy storage unit. During the charging process, the voltage at the fifth terminal of the energy storage unit is acquired. If the voltage at the fifth terminal is greater than a preset overvoltage threshold, charging is stopped.

[0018] Setting the charging start threshold and overvoltage protection threshold in this way ensures that charging only starts when there is sufficient charging energy and stops when the energy storage unit is fully charged. This avoids energy loss due to ineffective charging or damage to the energy storage unit due to overcharging, thereby ensuring that the energy storage unit is always in a usable and healthy state, providing a reliable energy storage foundation for the voltage stabilization unit to continuously output a stable voltage.

[0019] Furthermore, the power supply method for the monitoring node further includes: if the voltage at the first terminal is less than the start-up threshold, controlling the energy management unit to continue charging the energy storage unit, and keeping the enable control unit and the voltage regulator unit in a dormant state.

[0020] This allows charging to continue while the subsequent power supply link remains dormant until the voltage at the first terminal reaches the startup threshold. This prevents the voltage regulator unit and main control unit from failing to start due to insufficient energy, thus preventing startup failure or frequent resets caused by insufficient energy to support the complete task and ensuring power supply stability.

[0021] Secondly, one embodiment of the present invention provides a power supply system for a monitoring node, the power supply system being used to perform a power supply method for the monitoring node.

[0022] Thirdly, another embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium including a stored computer program, wherein, when the computer program is executed, it controls the device or apparatus where the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform a power supply method for a monitoring node. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating one embodiment of a power supply method for a monitoring node provided in this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply system for a monitoring node provided in this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage threshold and energy management operation stages of the energy storage unit provided in this application; Figure 4 This is a timing diagram of the hierarchical power-on and data reporting of the main control unit and communication unit provided in this application; Figure 5 This is a timing diagram of a low-power sensor sampling method provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0028] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative embodiment. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0029] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] In the field of power grid monitoring technology, monitoring nodes are deployed in areas with limited access to power to collect environmental parameters and report them remotely. These areas are characterized by limited space, dispersed locations, and difficult maintenance. Furthermore, remote communication and other functions significantly increase power consumption, placing higher demands on power supply. Currently, monitoring nodes cannot be continuously powered by external mains power and typically rely on primary batteries. However, battery capacity is limited, requiring frequent replacements. In complex environments, manual maintenance is costly and difficult, making it difficult to guarantee long-term continuous and stable operation of the nodes. This results in poor power supply stability for monitoring nodes without external power.

[0033] See Figure 1 In order to improve the power supply stability of monitoring nodes under conditions without external power supply, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power supply method for monitoring nodes, which is applied to monitoring nodes. The monitoring node includes an energy harvesting unit, an energy management unit, an energy storage unit, a voltage stabilizing power supply unit, an enable control unit, a main control unit, and a downstream load. The method includes steps S101 to S103. Step S101: Control the energy harvesting unit to collect the ambient energy of the environment where the monitoring node is located, and convert the ambient energy into raw electrical energy; In some embodiments, the energy harvesting unit includes at least one of a solar energy harvester, a vibration energy harvester, and a thermoelectric generator. Controlling the energy harvesting unit to collect ambient energy from the environment where the monitoring node is located and converting the ambient energy into raw electrical energy specifically includes: if the energy harvesting unit is the solar energy harvester, controlling the solar energy harvester to collect sunlight energy from the environment where the monitoring node is located and converting the sunlight energy into direct current (DC) solar energy; if the energy harvesting unit is the vibration energy harvester, controlling the vibration energy harvester to collect mechanical vibration energy generated by electrical equipment in the environment where the monitoring node is located and converting the mechanical vibration energy into alternating current (AC) electrical energy; if the energy harvesting unit is the thermoelectric generator, controlling the thermoelectric generator to collect temperature difference energy from the environment where the monitoring node is located and converting the temperature difference energy into direct current (DC) thermoelectric energy; using the DC solar energy, the AC electrical energy, or the DC thermoelectric energy as the raw electrical energy. Specifically, when using a solar energy harvester, the solar energy harvester receives the solar energy from the environment where the monitoring node is located and converts it into DC power (DC voltage and DC current), which is then output to the energy management unit. If there is equipment vibration on site, a vibration energy harvester is used. The vibration energy harvester is installed on the surface of the power equipment or in a nearby structure. The mechanical vibration generated by the equipment operation causes the piezoelectric element inside the vibration energy harvester to deform or the electromagnetic induction element to generate an induced electromotive force, thereby converting the mechanical vibration into AC power (or pulsating power) and outputting it to the energy management unit. If there is an internal and external temperature difference on site, a thermoelectric generator can be used. The thermoelectric generator is placed between the inner and outer walls of the box-type substation, between the inner and outer sides of the cable channel, or other locations with internal and external temperature differences. The thermoelectric generator converts the temperature difference energy into DC power and outputs it to the energy management unit. When the monitoring node is equipped with multiple energy harvesting units at the same time, the outputs of each energy harvesting unit are combined through a combiner circuit or power combining circuit and then input to the energy management unit. The energy management unit selects to conduct one or more charging paths according to the energy status of each input channel.

[0034] It should be noted that solar energy harvesters can be installed on the outer shell of the power grid's box-type substation, the outer surface of the ring main unit, the edge of the distribution room for natural light, near the maintenance opening of the pipe gallery, or other locations that can receive natural light, diffused light, or artificial lighting. In addition to solar energy harvesters, solar panels can also be used to collect solar energy.

[0035] This provides three energy harvesting methods: light energy, vibration energy, and temperature difference energy. This allows the monitoring node to obtain electrical energy to charge the energy storage unit whenever any environmental energy source is available. It avoids the system being unable to obtain energy due to the unavailability of a single energy source, and provides diversified energy input guarantees for power supply stability.

[0036] In some embodiments, after controlling the energy harvesting unit to collect the ambient energy of the environment where the monitoring node is located and converting the ambient energy into raw electrical energy, the method further includes: detecting the raw electrical energy to obtain a fourth terminal voltage and current; using the fourth terminal voltage and the current to calculate a target operating voltage, so as to adjust the energy harvesting unit using the target operating voltage. Specifically, after receiving the raw electrical energy output from the energy harvesting unit, the energy management unit initiates the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) process. The energy management unit detects the voltage and current of the raw electrical energy using its internal voltage and current sampling circuits to obtain the current voltage and current values ​​at the acquisition end. Based on the sampled voltage and current values, the energy management unit calculates the current output power and determines the direction of the current operating point's offset from the maximum power point using a perturbation observation method. When the current operating voltage is determined to be lower than the voltage corresponding to the maximum power point, the energy management unit outputs a control signal to increase the operating voltage of the energy harvesting unit. When the current operating voltage is determined to be higher than the voltage corresponding to the maximum power point, the energy management unit outputs a control signal to decrease the operating voltage of the energy harvesting unit. Through continuous detection and adjustment, the energy management unit gradually approaches and stabilizes the operating point of the energy harvesting unit near the maximum power point, ensuring that the energy harvesting unit always outputs the maximum power under the current environmental conditions, even under conditions of low light, slight vibration, or small temperature difference.

[0037] By detecting the voltage and current of the raw electrical energy and calculating the target operating voltage to adjust the energy harvesting unit, the energy harvesting unit can output maximum power under conditions of weak light, slight vibration, or small temperature difference, thereby improving energy harvesting efficiency and energy utilization, providing more electrical energy to the energy storage unit, and thus providing more sufficient input energy to the voltage stabilization power supply unit, ensuring power supply stability.

[0038] For further explanation, please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power supply system for a monitoring node provided in this application, as shown below. Figure 2As shown, the system comprises two main modules: a power supply module and an energy utilization module. The system includes an energy harvesting unit (photovoltaic energy harvester). The power supply module includes an energy management unit (energy harvesting IC), an energy storage unit (supercapacitor unit), and a voltage regulation unit (buck-boost power management unit). The energy harvesting IC features maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and low-power startup capabilities, used for rectifying, boosting, and managing the charge and discharge of raw electrical energy. The energy storage unit stores the electrical energy regulated by the energy harvesting IC. The buck-boost power management unit converts the fluctuating voltage output from the energy storage unit into a stable operating voltage. The energy utilization module includes an acquisition unit, a main control unit, and a communication unit. The acquisition unit includes a temperature sensor, a barometric pressure sensor, and a light sensor. The main control unit includes a low-power MCU (microcontroller unit), peripheral interfaces, and a Flash memory unit. The communication unit includes LTE Cat.1 cellular communication (Long Term Evolution Category 1), GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellite positioning, and MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry). TelemetryTransport protocol transparent transmission function; the power module outputs stable power to the energy-using module, enabling the system to complete monitoring tasks such as sensing acquisition and positioning communication without external continuous power supply; Figure 2 The example of using a solar energy harvester as an environmental energy harvesting unit is shown in the text. In practical applications, environmental energy harvesting units can also be vibration energy harvesters, thermoelectric generators, or multi-source energy combination structures. The main control unit connects to the acquisition unit through an external interface and wakes it up to perform data acquisition. The acquired data is reported to the remote platform via an antenna through a communication unit.

[0039] Step S102: Control the energy management unit to perform electrical energy conversion on the original electrical energy to obtain charging electrical energy, and use the charging electrical energy to charge the energy storage unit; In some embodiments, controlling the energy management unit to perform energy conversion on the raw electrical energy to obtain charging energy specifically includes: controlling the energy management unit to identify the energy type of the raw electrical energy; if the energy type is AC, rectifying the raw electrical energy to obtain first DC energy; if the energy type is DC, using the raw electrical energy as the first DC energy; if the first DC energy is less than a preset boost threshold of the energy storage unit, boosting the first DC energy to obtain the charging energy. Specifically, after receiving raw electrical energy, the energy management unit identifies the type of raw electrical energy through its internal energy type detection circuit. When the raw electrical energy is detected as AC (output from the vibration energy harvester), the energy management unit activates the rectifier circuit to rectify the AC energy and convert it into unidirectional pulsating first DC energy. When the raw electrical energy is detected as DC (output from the solar energy harvester or thermoelectric generator), the energy management unit directly uses this DC energy as the first DC energy. After obtaining the first DC energy, the energy management unit compares the voltage value of the first DC energy with the preset boost threshold corresponding to the energy storage unit. When the voltage of the first DC energy is lower than the preset boost threshold, the energy management unit activates the boost circuit to increase the voltage of the first DC energy to a voltage range suitable for charging the energy storage unit, thus obtaining charging energy. When the voltage of the first DC energy is not lower than the preset boost threshold, the energy management unit directly outputs the first DC energy as charging energy.

[0040] It should be noted that, since the raw electrical energy output by the energy harvesting unit is usually characterized by low voltage, low power and large fluctuations, it cannot directly drive the main control unit and the load. Therefore, the above-mentioned power conversion is required. The energy management unit can be an energy harvesting IC (integrated circuit) with low-voltage start-up and maximum power point tracking functions.

[0041] This process of identifying the type of raw electrical energy, rectifying it, and boosting it at low voltage ensures that weak electrical energy of different forms and voltage levels can be converted into charging energy suitable for the energy storage unit. This guarantees that the energy storage unit can effectively store energy under various energy input conditions, providing sufficient input energy to ensure the continuous output of stable voltage by the voltage stabilization power supply unit.

[0042] In some embodiments, charging the energy storage unit with the charging energy specifically includes: if the charging energy is less than a preset charging threshold, controlling the energy management unit to enter a waiting state and controlling the energy harvesting unit to continue harvesting energy until the charging energy is greater than or equal to the charging threshold, then controlling the energy management unit to charge the energy storage unit with the charging energy; during the charging process, acquiring the fifth terminal voltage of the energy storage unit, and if the fifth terminal voltage is greater than a preset overvoltage threshold, stopping the charging. Specifically, the energy management unit compares the charging energy with a preset charging threshold. When the charging energy is less than the preset charging threshold, the energy management unit determines that the currently collected energy is insufficient to support effective charging. At this time, the energy management unit enters a low-power standby state, and the energy harvesting unit continues to collect ambient energy. When the charging energy continues to increase and reaches or exceeds the preset charging threshold, the energy management unit opens the charging path and inputs the charging energy to the energy storage unit to charge it. During the charging process, the energy management unit continuously monitors the terminal voltage of the energy storage unit. When the terminal voltage reaches a preset overvoltage threshold, the energy management unit determines that the energy storage unit is fully charged, immediately shuts off the charging path, and stops charging the energy storage unit to protect it from overcharging damage.

[0043] It should be noted that the energy storage unit can use a supercapacitor unit. The voltage at the end of the supercapacitor increases during the charging process and decreases during the load operation process. The supercapacitor unit can use a supercapacitor with a capacity of several farads to tens of farads.

[0044] Setting the charging start threshold and overvoltage protection threshold in this way ensures that charging only starts when there is sufficient charging energy and stops when the energy storage unit is fully charged. This avoids energy loss due to ineffective charging or damage to the energy storage unit due to overcharging, thereby ensuring that the energy storage unit is always in a usable and healthy state, providing a reliable energy storage foundation for the voltage stabilization unit to continuously output a stable voltage.

[0045] For further explanation, please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage threshold and energy management operation stages of the energy storage unit provided in this application, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the system switches between the cold start phase, the main boost phase, and the charging-limited phase sequentially based on the threshold range of the energy storage unit's terminal voltage. When the energy storage voltage starts to rise from 0V and is below the cold start threshold V... STOR_CHGEN At this time, the system is in the cold start phase, and only the cold start circuit is working to establish the initial operating voltage when the energy storage unit is completely de-energized; when the energy storage voltage exceeds the undervoltage protection threshold V... BAT_UV Afterwards, the system activates the chip and enters the main boost charging phase. The main boost circuit and maximum power point tracking function take effect, and the energy storage terminal is officially connected to the system. When the energy storage voltage reaches the boost start-up threshold V...BAT_OK,RISING At that time, V BAT_OK A high signal indicates that the energy storage unit is ready to start the downstream load, and the system can activate the voltage regulation unit to supply power to the downstream load; when the energy storage voltage continues to rise and reaches the overvoltage threshold V... BAT_OV When the system enters a charging-limited phase, the energy management unit restricts further charging to protect the energy storage unit from overcharging damage; the start-up threshold V rises. BAT_OK,RISING and the drop-off threshold V BAT_OK,FALLING This constitutes hysteresis control, when the energy storage voltage drops to V. BAT_OK,FALLING The following situations occur when the system shuts down or limits downstream loads due to V. BAT_OK,RISING Higher than V BAT_OK,FALLING The system forms a hysteresis range, which can prevent the system from repeatedly starting and shutting down when the energy storage voltage fluctuates near the critical point; the shutdown threshold V is lowered. BAT_OK,FALLING Below the rising start threshold V BAT_OK,RISING But it is higher than the undervoltage protection threshold V. BAT_UV This ensures that the system can still maintain basic charging functions after being shut down.

[0046] Step S103: Detect the first terminal voltage of the energy storage unit. If the first terminal voltage is greater than or equal to a preset start-up threshold, the enable control unit controls the start of the voltage stabilization power supply unit to convert the fluctuating voltage output by the energy storage unit into a stabilization working voltage, and uses the stabilization working voltage to power the main control unit, so that the main control unit wakes up the downstream load to perform the monitoring task. After the monitoring task is completed, the enable control unit controls the downstream load to be powered off, controls the main control unit to enter sleep mode, and controls the voltage stabilization power supply unit to be turned off, so that the monitoring node enters the energy accumulation state. In some embodiments, detecting the first terminal voltage of the energy storage unit specifically includes: the energy management unit detecting the terminal voltage of the energy storage unit through its internal voltage detection circuit to obtain the first terminal voltage of the energy storage unit.

[0047] In some embodiments, if the first terminal voltage is greater than or equal to a preset start-up threshold, the enable control unit controls the voltage regulator unit to start, so that the voltage regulator unit converts the fluctuating voltage output by the energy storage unit into a regulated operating voltage. Specifically, when the first terminal voltage is greater than or equal to the preset start-up threshold, the enable control unit receives a trigger signal output by the voltage comparison circuit, and then sends a start-up control signal to the voltage regulator unit. After receiving the start-up control signal, the voltage regulator unit starts and performs boost, buck, or buck-boost conversion on the fluctuating voltage output by the energy storage unit to output a stable operating voltage.

[0048] It should be noted that, since the terminal voltage of a supercapacitor changes significantly during charging and discharging, direct power supply can easily cause the main control unit to reset, sensor sampling to become inaccurate, or the communication unit to disconnect. Therefore, a voltage regulator is needed to convert the fluctuating voltage into a stable operating voltage. The voltage regulator can be a step-up / step-down power management unit.

[0049] In some embodiments, the power supply method for the monitoring node further includes: if the first terminal voltage is less than the start-up threshold, controlling the energy management unit to continue charging the energy storage unit and keeping the enabling control unit and the regulated power supply unit in a sleep state. Specifically, when it is determined that the terminal voltage of the energy storage unit is less than the preset start-up threshold, it is determined that the current energy accumulated by the energy storage unit is insufficient to support the subsequent load to perform tasks. At this time, the enabling control unit keeps the regulated power supply unit in a shutdown or low-power sleep state, and neither the main control unit nor the subsequent load is powered on to start, and the system continues to be in the energy accumulation stage; the energy management unit continuously monitors the terminal voltage of the energy storage unit during the charging process, and only allows the enabling control unit to start the regulated power supply unit when the terminal voltage reaches the preset start-up threshold.

[0050] It should be noted that the voltage regulator unit can also report the good power status to the enable control unit or the main control unit. The task is only allowed to be executed after the voltage regulator output is stable.

[0051] This allows charging to continue while the subsequent power supply link remains dormant until the voltage at the first terminal reaches the startup threshold. This prevents the voltage regulator unit and main control unit from failing to start due to insufficient energy, thus preventing startup failure or frequent resets caused by insufficient energy to support the complete task and ensuring power supply stability.

[0052] In some embodiments, the step of using the regulated operating voltage to power the main control unit so that the main control unit wakes up the downstream load to perform the monitoring task specifically includes: acquiring the third terminal voltage and capacitor capacity of the energy storage unit; calculating the available energy of the energy storage unit using the third terminal voltage, the capacitor capacity, and the preset minimum stable operating voltage of the regulated power supply unit; if the available energy is greater than or equal to the preset task consumption threshold corresponding to the monitoring task, then controlling the main control unit to wake up the downstream load to perform the monitoring task. Specifically, after obtaining regulated power, the main control unit reads the current third-terminal voltage value of the energy storage unit and reads the capacitance value of the energy storage unit and the minimum stable operating voltage value of the regulated power supply unit from the internal memory. The main control unit calculates the current available energy of the energy storage unit based on the third-terminal voltage value, capacitance value, and minimum stable operating voltage value. This available energy represents the effective electrical energy that the energy storage unit can release under the current voltage. The main control unit compares the calculated available energy with the preset task consumption threshold corresponding to the current task to be executed. If the available energy is greater than or equal to the preset task consumption threshold, the main control unit determines that the current energy storage is sufficient and then wakes up the downstream load corresponding to the task to execute the monitoring task. If the available energy is less than the preset task consumption threshold, the main control unit determines that the current energy storage is insufficient to support the completion of the task, and does not wake up the downstream load, but only performs data caching operations, waiting for the next time when the energy storage is sufficient before executing the task.

[0053] In some embodiments, the formula for powering the main control unit with the regulated operating voltage to enable the main control unit to wake up the downstream load and execute the monitoring task specifically includes: Available energy estimation formula: ; In the formula, The available energy for the energy storage unit; This refers to the capacitance of the energy storage unit; This represents the current terminal voltage of the energy storage unit. The minimum input voltage required for the regulated power supply unit to maintain normal output.

[0054] This method estimates available energy and compares it with task consumption thresholds before waking up subsequent loads, ensuring that high-power loads are only started when there is sufficient energy to support the complete task. This avoids interruptions in task execution due to insufficient energy, thereby improving task completion rate and power supply stability.

[0055] For example, after obtaining a stable power supply, the main control unit can also read the energy storage voltage, available energy, regulated output status, ambient energy input status, historical task results, and communication status, and determine the task level accordingly. Tasks can be divided into low-energy tasks, medium-energy tasks, and complete tasks. Low-energy tasks only collect key parameters and store them locally, without activating the communication unit. Medium-energy tasks collect data by sensors and send short messages. Complete tasks include sensor acquisition, data encapsulation, positioning, communication reporting, and platform response confirmation.

[0056] In some embodiments, after powering the main control unit with the regulated operating voltage to wake up the downstream load to perform a monitoring task, the method further includes: acquiring the second terminal voltage of the energy storage unit; if the second terminal voltage is less than a preset warning threshold, acquiring the operating power consumption of each load unit in the downstream load, filtering the operating power consumption of each load unit to determine the load to be shut down, and controlling the enable control unit to power off the load to be shut down; if the second terminal voltage is less than a preset shutdown threshold, actively shutting down the main control unit and the downstream load through the enable control unit so that the energy management unit continues to charge the energy storage unit, wherein the warning threshold is less than the start threshold, and the shutdown threshold is less than the warning threshold. Specifically, during the execution of the monitoring task, the main control unit continuously monitors the voltage value at the second terminal of the energy storage unit. The main control unit compares the voltage value at the second terminal with a preset warning threshold. When the voltage at the second terminal drops below the preset warning threshold, the main control unit initiates a load screening process. The main control unit reads the power consumption information of each load unit (including the acquisition unit or communication unit, etc.) in the downstream load. The main control unit sorts the load units from high to low power consumption and selects one or more load units with the highest power consumption as loads to be shut down. It then controls the enable control unit to cut off the power supply path of the loads to be shut down through the load switch, so that the system can continue to perform the core monitoring function in low power mode after reducing power consumption. After shutting down the high power consumption load, if the energy storage voltage continues to drop below the preset shutdown threshold, the enable control unit determines that the current energy is insufficient to maintain the operation of any load. The enable control unit actively shuts down all power supply to the main control unit and the remaining downstream loads, performs data caching operations, and simultaneously shuts down the voltage regulator unit, so that the system re-enters the energy accumulation state. The energy management unit continues to charge the energy storage unit.

[0057] By monitoring the energy storage voltage during task execution, and filtering and shutting down high-power loads based on the operating power consumption of each load when the voltage is below the warning threshold, the system can prioritize the continued operation of core monitoring functions when energy is insufficient. This avoids the voltage from rapidly dropping to the shutdown threshold due to continuous power consumption by the load. When the voltage is below the shutdown threshold, the system can actively shut down all loads and resume charging, preventing the system from crashing due to energy depletion and ensuring sufficient energy reserves for the next startup, thereby improving power supply stability.

[0058] For further explanation, please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a timing diagram of the hierarchical power-on and data reporting of the main control unit and communication unit provided in this application, as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the main control unit (MCU) is woken up after receiving regulated power and controls the communication unit (DTU, Data Transfer Unit) to power on. The MCU performs sensor initialization and data acquisition. The sensors include a digital temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11), a digital light intensity sensor (BH1750), and a digital air pressure / temperature sensor (BMP180). The acquired data includes environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, and light intensity. After acquisition, the MCU encapsulates the data into messages, such as JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) messages or other preset format messages. At the same time, the communication unit performs network attachment and initialization. After completing the terminal network initialization, it enables UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter). The receiver / transmitter receives sensor data from the main control unit (MCU). The MCU sends encapsulated message data to the communication unit via the UART interface, while simultaneously feeding back the status information of the communication unit to the MCU. After receiving the complete sensor data, the communication unit performs parallel tasks of acquiring geographical location (via GNSS satellite positioning or LBS-based location service base station positioning) and cloud synchronization, reporting the sensor data and geographical location information to the remote platform. After reporting is completed, the communication unit sends the transmission result and platform response status back to the MCU. Based on the feedback status, the MCU controls the communication unit to power off and shut down, after which the MCU enters sleep mode. This timing ensures that the high-power communication unit only operates briefly during the necessary reporting phase, avoiding excessive energy consumption caused by prolonged standby or network searching, thereby reducing the average power consumption of the system.

[0059] In some embodiments, after the monitoring task is completed, the enabling control unit controls the downstream load to be powered off, the main control unit to enter sleep mode, and the voltage regulator unit to be shut down, so that the monitoring node enters an energy accumulation state. Specifically, after completing the monitoring task, the main control unit encapsulates the collected environmental parameter data into a message (JSON message or other preset format message) and sends it to the communication unit for reporting. After confirming that the communication reporting is completed or that no communication reporting is required, the main control unit sends a task completion or sleep request to the enabling control unit. After receiving the request, the enabling control unit cuts off the power supply through the load switch. The power supply path of the downstream loads (including the acquisition unit and communication unit, etc.) is cut off, completely de-energizing the downstream loads; the enable control unit simultaneously sends a sleep command to the main control unit or disconnects the power supply holding circuit of the main control unit to put the main control unit into a low-power sleep state; finally, the enable control unit sends a shutdown signal to the voltage regulator unit, controlling the voltage regulator unit to stop voltage conversion output; at this point, all high-power modules of the system have exited the working state, and the system re-enters the energy accumulation state. The energy management unit continues to convert ambient energy into charging energy and charge the energy storage unit, waiting for the energy storage voltage to reach the start-up threshold again to enter the next task cycle.

[0060] For example, the acquisition unit uses on-demand power-on and short-time sampling methods during sampling, specifically including: when the main control unit wakes up the downstream load to perform the monitoring task, it sends a start signal to the sensor in the acquisition unit, causing the sensor to enter the response state from a low-power state; after the sensor responds, it outputs data bits according to a preset timing sequence; the main control unit reads the level and judges the data bits in the sampling window; after sampling is completed, the main control unit turns off the sensor power supply or causes the sensor to re-enter the low-power state; the sensor interface can use a low-power acquisition interface such as a single bus, inter-integrated circuit bus (I2C), serial peripheral interface (SPI), universal asynchronous transceiver (UART), or analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

[0061] For further explanation, please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a timing diagram of a low-power sensor sampling method provided in this application, as shown below. Figure 5As shown, the communication between the main control unit and the sensor adopts a single-bus communication method. The sensor sampling process includes a start signal and sensor response stage, a sensor response stage, and a data transmission stage. In the start signal and sensor response stage, the main control unit first sends a start signal to the sensor, which contains a low-level pulse that lasts for a certain period of time to wake up the sensor and notify it to prepare for data output. After receiving the start signal, the sensor enters the response stage. In the sensor response stage, after detecting the start signal, the sensor first outputs a fixed low-level signal to indicate that the sensor has correctly identified the start signal and is ready to output data. In the data transmission stage, the sensor outputs data bits sequentially according to a preset timing sequence. The duration of each data bit is determined by the level. The main control unit reads the level status within the sampling window and determines the logical value of each data bit based on the duration of the level or the combination of high and low levels (if it is low during 40us sampling, it is recorded as 0; if it is still high during 40us sampling, it is recorded as 1), thereby completing the reception of a complete data byte. After sampling is completed, the main control unit turns off the sensor power supply or controls the sensor to re-enter a low-power state, ending the current sampling process. Figure 5 The timing sequence shown is an example of single-bus sensor sampling. In practical applications, the sensor interface can also use other low-power acquisition interfaces such as Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C), Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), Universal Asynchronous Receiver / Transmitter (UART), or Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The specific timing parameters can be adjusted according to the selected sensor type.

[0062] For example, after completing the monitoring task, the main control unit also records the energy storage voltage, task time, communication time, transmission result and remaining energy status before and after the execution of this task, and adjusts the task parameters for the next cycle based on these data; when the remaining energy is high after multiple tasks are completed, the main control unit appropriately increases the sampling frequency; when multiple communication failures or the remaining energy is too low after the task is completed, the main control unit increases the communication task threshold, reduces the number of retransmissions or reduces the sampling frequency.

[0063] For example, during task execution, the main control unit also judges the subsequent environmental energy input trend based on the light intensity collected by the sampling unit. When the light intensity is strong, the main control unit appropriately increases the sampling frequency or allows complete reporting. When the light intensity is weak, the main control unit lowers the task level or delays non-urgent reporting. The main control unit also adjusts the available capacity or safe discharge capability of the energy storage unit based on temperature parameters. When the temperature is too high or too low, the main control unit increases the start-up threshold, reduces the number of communication retries, or limits the working time of high-power loads. When events such as water immersion, smoke, door magnets, or abnormal vibration occur, the main control unit determines the task priority. Even if the current energy is insufficient to execute the complete task, the main control unit prioritizes sending short messages, or caches them locally and resends them after the next energy storage meets the communication conditions.

[0064] For example, during the monitoring task execution process, the main control unit also determines whether to retransmit or terminate the communication task based on the feedback results from the communication unit; after the communication unit completes network attachment, positioning, cloud synchronization and data reporting, it feeds back the network registration status, signal strength, transmission result, platform response status and communication time to the main control unit; when communication fails but there is sufficient remaining energy, the main control unit retransmits a limited number of times; when there is insufficient remaining energy, the main control unit stops retransmitting, controls the enable control unit to shut down the communication unit, and marks the data as data to be retransmitted.

[0065] It should be noted that the above-mentioned start-up threshold, warning threshold, shutdown threshold, and overvoltage threshold constitute a voltage protection system. The preset start-up threshold is greater than the preset warning threshold, and the preset warning threshold is greater than the preset shutdown threshold. When the energy storage terminal voltage reaches the preset start-up threshold, the system starts the downstream load. When the voltage drops to the preset warning threshold during task execution, the system shuts down the high-power load. When the voltage continues to drop to the preset shutdown threshold, the entire system shuts down and resumes charging. The voltage range between the rising start-up threshold and the falling shutdown threshold forms a hysteresis range, which can prevent the system from repeatedly starting and shutting down when the energy storage voltage fluctuates near the critical point.

[0066] By controlling the energy harvesting unit to collect environmental energy and convert it into raw electrical energy, a power source that eliminates dependence on external power supply can be provided for monitoring nodes, solving the problem of energy input deficiency under conditions of no external power supply. This ensures the autonomy of power supply and fundamentally guarantees power supply stability at the energy source level. Controlling the energy management unit to convert raw electrical energy into charging energy to charge the energy storage unit can uniformly convert weak electrical energy of different forms and voltage levels into storable electrical energy, solving the problem of charging failure due to mismatched energy forms or excessively low voltage. This ensures that the energy storage unit can effectively accumulate energy under various energy input conditions, providing sufficient input energy to guarantee the continuous stable voltage output of the voltage stabilization unit. Detecting the terminal voltage of the energy storage unit and activating the voltage stabilization unit only when it reaches the activation threshold ensures sufficient input voltage at startup, preventing voltage drops or interruptions due to undervoltage and guaranteeing the continuity of voltage stabilization. The voltage stabilization unit also manages fluctuations in the energy storage unit's voltage. The voltage is converted to a regulated operating voltage, which can suppress the negative impact of energy storage voltage fluctuations on the load and solve the problem of main control unit reset or abnormal operation of downstream loads caused by severe voltage fluctuations, ensuring stable power output quality. Using the regulated operating voltage to power the main control unit enables it to wake up the downstream loads to perform monitoring tasks after power-on, allowing the monitoring node to complete monitoring work under stable power supply. This verifies that the output capability of the regulated power supply can meet the normal operation requirements of the downstream loads, avoiding the inability of downstream loads to start or malfunction due to insufficient power supply, thus ensuring reliable power supply stability under actual load conditions. After the monitoring task is completed, the enable control unit controls the downstream load to power off, the main control unit to go into sleep mode, and the regulated power supply unit to shut down, allowing the monitoring node to re-enter the energy accumulation state to prepare for the next power supply. This allows the system to exit the high-power state, blocks the path of continuous voltage drop in energy storage, and solves the problem of insufficient energy for the next start-up due to continuous energy consumption after the task is completed, ensuring sufficient input energy for the next regulated start-up. This application can improve the power supply stability of the monitoring node under conditions without external power supply.

[0067] Based on the above embodiment of a power supply method for a monitoring node, an embodiment of the present invention provides a power supply system for a monitoring node, the power supply system being used to execute the power supply method for the monitoring node.

[0068] Based on the above-described embodiment of a power supply method for a monitoring node, another embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device, which includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, it implements a power supply method for a monitoring node according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] For example, in this embodiment, the computer program can be divided into one or more modules, which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to complete the present invention. The one or more modules may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of performing a specific function, which describe the execution process of the computer program in the terminal device.

[0070] The terminal device may be a desktop computer, laptop, handheld computer, or cloud server, etc. The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory.

[0071] The processor can be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The processor is the control center of the terminal device, connecting all parts of the terminal device via various interfaces and lines.

[0072] Based on the above-described method embodiments, another embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium including a stored computer program, wherein, when the computer program is executed, it controls the device where the computer-readable storage medium is located to execute a power supply method for a monitoring node as described in any of the above-described method embodiments of the present invention.

[0073] The modules / units integrated in the device / terminal equipment, if implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the above embodiments of the present invention can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, a recording medium, a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer memory, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), an electrical carrier signal, a telecommunication signal, and a software distribution medium, etc.

[0074] Based on the above-described method embodiments, another embodiment of the present invention provides a computer program product, including a computer program or instructions, which, when executed by a communication device, implements a power supply method for a monitoring node.

[0075] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power supply method for a monitoring node, characterized in that, Applied to a monitoring node, the monitoring node including an energy harvesting unit, an energy management unit, an energy storage unit, a voltage regulation power supply unit, an enable control unit, a main control unit, and a downstream load, the method includes: The energy harvesting unit is controlled to collect the ambient energy of the environment where the monitoring node is located, and convert the ambient energy into raw electrical energy; The energy management unit is controlled to convert the raw electrical energy into charging energy, and the charging energy is used to charge the energy storage unit. The first terminal voltage of the energy storage unit is detected. If the first terminal voltage is greater than or equal to a preset start-up threshold, the enable control unit controls the voltage regulator unit to start, so that the voltage regulator unit converts the fluctuating voltage output by the energy storage unit into a regulated operating voltage, and uses the regulated operating voltage to power the main control unit, so that the main control unit wakes up the downstream load to perform the monitoring task. After the monitoring task is completed, the enable control unit controls the downstream load to be powered off, controls the main control unit to enter sleep mode, and controls the voltage regulator unit to be turned off, so that the monitoring node enters the energy accumulation state.

2. The power supply method for the monitoring node as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After powering the main control unit with the regulated operating voltage to wake up the downstream load and enable it to perform the monitoring task, the method further includes: Obtain the second terminal voltage of the energy storage unit; If the voltage at the second terminal is less than the preset warning threshold, the operating power consumption of each load unit in the downstream load is obtained, the operating power consumption of each load unit is filtered to determine the load to be turned off, and the enable control unit is controlled to cut off the power to the load to be turned off. If the voltage at the second terminal is less than the preset shutdown threshold, the main control unit and the downstream load are actively shut down by the enable control unit so that the energy management unit can continue to charge the energy storage unit. The warning threshold is less than the start threshold, and the shutdown threshold is less than the warning threshold.

3. The power supply method for the monitoring node as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of using the regulated operating voltage to power the main control unit, so that the main control unit wakes up the downstream load to perform monitoring tasks, specifically includes: Obtain the third terminal voltage and capacitance of the energy storage unit; The available energy of the energy storage unit is calculated using the third terminal voltage, the capacitor capacity, and the preset minimum stable operating voltage of the voltage regulator unit. If the available energy is greater than or equal to the preset task consumption threshold corresponding to the monitoring task, then the main control unit is controlled to wake up the downstream load to execute the monitoring task.

4. The power supply method for the monitoring node as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After controlling the energy harvesting unit to collect the ambient energy of the environment where the monitoring node is located and converting the ambient energy into raw electrical energy, the method further includes: The original electrical energy is detected to obtain the voltage and current at the fourth terminal; The target operating voltage is calculated using the fourth terminal voltage and the current, and the energy harvesting unit is adjusted using the target operating voltage.

5. The power supply method for the monitoring node as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The energy harvesting unit includes at least one of a solar energy harvester, a vibration energy harvester, and a thermoelectric generator. The control of the energy harvesting unit to collect ambient energy from the environment where the monitoring node is located and convert that ambient energy into raw electrical energy specifically includes: If the energy harvesting unit is the light energy harvester, then the light energy harvester is controlled to collect the light energy of the environment where the monitoring node is located, and convert the light energy into direct current energy. If the energy harvesting unit is the vibration energy collector, then the vibration energy collector is controlled to collect the mechanical vibration energy generated by the power equipment in the environment where the monitoring node is located, and the mechanical vibration energy is converted into AC power. If the energy harvesting unit is the thermoelectric power generation unit, then the thermoelectric power generation unit is controlled to collect the temperature difference energy in the environment where the monitoring node is located, and convert the temperature difference energy into thermoelectric DC power. The light energy DC power, the AC power, or the thermoelectric DC power are used as the original power.

6. The power supply method for the monitoring node as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control of the energy management unit to convert the raw electrical energy into charging energy specifically includes: The energy management unit is controlled to identify the type of electrical energy in the raw electrical energy; If the type of electrical energy is alternating current (AC), then the original electrical energy is rectified to obtain the first type of direct current (DC). If the type of electrical energy is DC, then the original electrical energy is taken as the first DC electrical energy; If the first DC power is less than the preset boost threshold of the energy storage unit, the first DC power is boosted to obtain the charging power.

7. The power supply method for the monitoring node as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process of charging the energy storage unit using the electrical energy specifically includes: If the charging energy is less than the preset charging threshold, the energy management unit is controlled to enter a waiting state and the energy collection unit is controlled to continue collecting energy until the charging energy is greater than or equal to the charging threshold. Then, the energy management unit is controlled to use the charging energy to charge the energy storage unit. During the charging process, the voltage at the fifth terminal of the energy storage unit is acquired. If the voltage at the fifth terminal is greater than a preset overvoltage threshold, charging is stopped.

8. The power supply method for the monitoring node as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Also includes: If the voltage at the first terminal is less than the start-up threshold, the energy management unit is controlled to continue charging the energy storage unit, and the enable control unit and the voltage regulator unit are kept in a dormant state.

9. A power supply system for a monitoring node, characterized in that, The power supply system is used to perform the power supply method for the monitoring node as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium includes a stored computer program, wherein, when the computer program is executed, it controls the device or apparatus containing the computer-readable storage medium to perform the power supply method for the monitoring node as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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