A hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of a charging module

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of hybrid control method of fast response and energy efficiency optimization of charging module, it is related to power electronics and charging control technical field, the voltage differential value monitored by transient event trigger in the application, the change trend of disturbance is captured in real time by differential operation, instead of waiting for it to reach certain absolute value threshold, once differential value exceeds threshold, transient event trigger will bypass arbitration process, directly takes control right by priority arbitrator, its response delay is only limited to hardware sampling and operation speed, at the same time, steady-state state machine is not disturbed by this process at all, based on power-efficiency mapping table, global optimal operating mode under current power point is continuously and independently calculated, priority arbitrator as collaborative hub, during event triggering, event instruction is forced to be executed, after event ends, then smooth returns control right to optimal instruction of state machine, fundamentally solve the contradiction that response speed and steady-state accuracy cannot be compatible.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power electronics and charging control technology, specifically a hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of charging modules. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems, stringent requirements have been placed on the charging modules that power them in terms of both dynamic performance and operating efficiency. Charging modules must maintain stable output voltage under transient conditions such as drastic load changes and input source fluctuations to avoid impacting sensitive loads. However, there is an inherent contradiction between dynamic response speed and steady-state optimization accuracy: pursuing fast response often requires the control system to maintain high bandwidth, but this introduces additional switching losses in steady state and affects the implementation of efficiency optimization; conversely, control strategies focused on optimal steady-state efficiency typically have slow dynamic response. How to reconcile this contradiction has become a critical technical bottleneck that urgently needs to be overcome in this field.

[0003] In existing technologies, switching logic based on a single threshold criterion is often employed. For example, monitoring the absolute value of the output voltage and switching to a more dynamic control mode when it exceeds a preset window, or monitoring the output power and switching the operating mode according to a preset power point to optimize efficiency. This method has significant drawbacks: Response speed and steady-state accuracy cannot be decoupled. A single threshold is used as the master switch, and its setting must be a trade-off between response speed and steady-state performance. This causes the system to either produce overshoot and oscillation during transient processes or sacrifice some efficiency in steady state.

[0004] Lacking the ability to perceive and predict the rate of change, the triggering mechanism based on absolute values ​​is lagging, intervening only after the disturbance occurs, thus losing the opportunity to suppress the disturbance.

[0005] In summary, the existing control architecture based on a single threshold switching has inherent limitations that prevent the charging module from simultaneously achieving optimal dynamic response characteristics and steady-state energy efficiency in complex real-world operating environments. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative control method that decouples the fast response mechanism from the steady-state optimization mechanism at the architectural level, enabling intelligent and collaborative operation between the two to fundamentally overcome the aforementioned technical shortcomings. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of charging modules. This method monitors the differential value of the output voltage through a transient event trigger and uses differential operations to capture the changing trend of disturbances in real time, rather than waiting for it to reach a certain absolute threshold. Once the differential value exceeds the threshold, the transient event trigger bypasses the arbitration process and directly takes over control through a priority arbitrator, outputting a preset fast control command. Its response delay is only limited by the hardware sampling and processing speed. Meanwhile, the steady-state machine is completely unaffected by this process. Based on the power-efficiency mapping table, it continuously and independently calculates the globally optimal operating mode at the current power point. The priority arbitrator acts as a coordination hub, forcibly executing event commands during event triggering and smoothly returning control to the optimal command of the state machine after the event ends. This mechanism changes the traditional single-threshold switching logic; the two work in an orderly and non-interfering manner through the arbitrator, fundamentally solving the contradiction between response speed and steady-state accuracy.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of a charging module, the specific steps of which are as follows: S100. Construct and initialize a hybrid control decision core, which includes a transient event trigger, a steady-state machine, and a priority arbiter. S200: The transient event trigger monitors the differential value of the output voltage of the charging module in real time and compares the differential value of the output voltage with a preset transient event threshold. When the differential value of the output voltage exceeds the transient event threshold, a first control command is generated and output, and an event trigger signal is sent to the priority arbitrator. S300: The steady-state machine acquires the current output power of the charging module in real time, and based on the pre-stored power-efficiency mapping table, arbitrates the steady-state optimal working mode corresponding to the current output power, generates and outputs the second control command; S400, the priority arbiter receives the event trigger signal, the first control command and the second control command, and when it does not receive the event trigger signal, it outputs the second control command to the drive circuit of the power converter, and when it receives the event trigger signal, it immediately switches and locks the output of the first control command to the drive circuit. S500: After the event trigger signal disappears, the priority arbitrator delays for a preset recovery time, unlocks and switches back to outputting the second control command, and simultaneously notifies the steady-state machine to update the arbitration result based on the latest current output power.

[0008] Furthermore, the hybrid control decision core is a programmable logic control unit integrated inside the main controller of the charging module; The charging module includes a power conversion circuit, a drive circuit, a sampling circuit, and a controller.

[0009] Furthermore, in S200, the working principle of the transient event trigger is as follows: S210. Obtain the instantaneous value of the output voltage of the charging module at a fixed sampling period. Based on the instantaneous value of the output voltage in two or more consecutive sampling periods, calculate the differential value of the output voltage using a differential calculation algorithm. The differential calculation algorithm is as follows: ,in, This represents the differential value of the output voltage. Indicates the current number The instantaneous value of the output voltage in each sampling period. Indicates the previous one The instantaneous value of the output voltage in each sampling period. Indicates the sampling period; S220. Compare the calculated differential value of the output voltage with the preset positive transient event threshold and negative transient event threshold; S230: If the differential value of the output voltage is greater than the positive transient event threshold or less than the negative transient event threshold, a transient event is determined to have occurred, and S240 is executed; otherwise, the state is determined to be steady and the system waits for the next sampling period. S240. Based on the sign and amplitude of the differential value of the output voltage, match and generate the first control command from a preset fast response command library. The first control command includes the target operating mode and the target duty cycle adjustment amount.

[0010] Furthermore, in S240, the preset fast response instruction library is a lookup table structure, the index key is the quantization range of the differential value of the output voltage, and the key value is a pre-configured combination of emergency control parameters. The emergency control parameter combination includes: the emergency operating mode that the power converter needs to switch to, and the initial adjustment step size of the duty cycle of the switching transistor.

[0011] Furthermore, in S300, the working principle of the steady-state machine is as follows: S310. Obtain the current output voltage and current output current of the charging module at a fixed query period, and calculate the current output power; Based on the current output power, the power-efficiency mapping table is queried to obtain a set of candidate operating modes and their corresponding estimated efficiency values. The power-efficiency mapping table stores the operating efficiency data of the charging module when using different operating modes at different output power points. S330. Using a steady-state mode arbitration algorithm, the optimal steady-state working mode is selected from the candidate working modes. The steady-state mode arbitration algorithm is as follows: ,in, This represents the steady-state optimal operating mode determined by arbitration, where S represents the operating mode relative to the current output power. The corresponding set of candidate working modes Indicates working mode At the power point The efficiency value below, This indicates the current operating mode of the charging module. Indicates the penalty coefficient for mode switching; S340. Based on the steady-state optimal operating mode determined by arbitration, generate the second control command, which includes the target switching frequency, phase control word, and modulation method.

[0012] Furthermore, in S400, the working principle of the priority arbitrator is as follows: The priority arbiter is equipped with a multiplexer and a locking trigger; The event trigger signal is connected to the set terminal of the lock trigger and the channel selection terminal of the multiplexer; When the event trigger signal is high, the lockout trigger is set, the multiplexer selects the first control command as the output, and the state of the lockout trigger forces the multiplexer to maintain the channel selection state. When the event trigger signal is low and the duration reaches the preset recovery time, the lockout trigger is reset, and the multiplexer automatically selects the second control command as the output.

[0013] Furthermore, in S500, after the lockout trigger is reset, the priority arbitrator sends a state synchronization pulse to the steady-state machine. After receiving the state synchronization pulse, the steady-state machine immediately executes an arbitration process from S310 to S330 to update the second control command based on the latest power state after the event ends.

[0014] Furthermore, the power conversion circuit is an LLC resonant converter, a Buck converter, or a Boost converter; The controller is a digital signal processor, a microcontroller, or a field-programmable gate array, and is configured to run a software program of the hybrid control decision core; The drive circuit receives the control command output by the controller and drives the switching transistor in the power conversion circuit to operate. The sampling circuit collects the output voltage, output current, and input voltage of the charging module in real time.

[0015] Furthermore, the controller's memory stores transient event thresholds, power-efficiency mapping tables, fast response instruction libraries, and mode switching penalty coefficients, all of which can be configured and updated online via external communication interfaces.

[0016] On the other hand, a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a controller, implements the hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of the charging module as described in any one of the claims.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, this hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of charging modules has the following advantages: I. This invention monitors the output voltage differential value through a transient event trigger, using differential operations to capture the changing trend of disturbances in real time, rather than waiting for it to reach a certain absolute value threshold. Once the differential exceeds the threshold, it bypasses all arbitration processes and directly takes over control through a priority arbitrator, outputting a preset fast control command. Its response delay is only limited by the hardware sampling and calculation speed. At the same time, the steady-state machine is completely unaffected by this process. Based on the power-efficiency mapping table, it continuously and independently calculates the globally optimal operating mode at the current power point. The priority arbitrator acts as a coordination hub, forcibly executing the event command during the event triggering period and smoothly returning control to the optimal command of the state machine after the event ends. This mechanism changes the traditional single threshold switching logic. The two coordinate in an orderly manner through the arbitrator without interfering with each other, fundamentally solving the contradiction between response speed and steady-state accuracy.

[0018] Second, this invention enhances the system's full-condition adaptive capability through the collaborative design of event and state triggers. The transient event trigger uses a differential criterion, which can intervene in advance before the absolute value of the output voltage deviates significantly due to disturbances, enabling the system to smoothly suppress disturbances. In steady state, a mode switching penalty factor is introduced into the arbitration algorithm of the steady-state machine. This factor makes the algorithm consider not only the absolute efficiency value of the candidate mode when making decisions, but also the overhead and risk brought by the switching itself, thereby achieving the optimal balance between efficiency improvement and switching stability. Meaningless frequent switching is avoided from the source of decision-making. The event trigger and the state machine are linked through a priority arbitrator and a state synchronization interface, ensuring that after the event intervention ends, it can seamlessly and smoothly return to the optimal steady-state operating point adapted to the latest operating conditions and after global optimization and stability correction, realizing stable, efficient, and adaptive operation throughout the entire process from transient to steady state.

[0019] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization in a charging module; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the working principle of the priority arbitrator in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of a charging module. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To better understand the above technical solutions, a detailed description of the solutions will be provided below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The terminology used in the embodiments of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The singular forms “a hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of a charging module,” “the,” and “the” as used in the embodiments of this invention and the appended claims are also intended to include the plurality forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise; “plural” generally includes at least two.

[0024] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such an article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or device that includes said element.

[0025] To address the shortcomings of existing charging module control technologies, such as the inability to simultaneously achieve fast dynamic response and steady-state efficiency, and the inherent lag and performance trade-offs inherent in single threshold switching mechanisms, this invention provides a hybrid control method for charging modules that combines rapid response and energy efficiency optimization. This method aims to fundamentally resolve the inherent contradiction between the transient rapid response mechanism and the steady-state efficiency optimization mechanism through decoupling design at the architectural level, enabling the charging module to achieve both excellent dynamic performance and high efficiency operation under all operating conditions.

[0026] This invention is mainly applied to power electronic power conversion fields with stringent requirements for dynamic response and operating efficiency, such as electric vehicle charging piles, renewable energy storage systems, and communication power supplies. Under transient conditions such as load step and input voltage fluctuations, traditional single control strategies or simple mode switching methods often fail to address all aspects. This invention constructs a hybrid control decision core that includes transient event triggers, steady-state state machines, and priority arbitrators. This enables early perception and rapid intervention of output voltage change trends, as well as global steady-state efficiency optimization of the current output power point. Furthermore, the arbitrator enables seamless and orderly switching between the two control commands, thus constructing a complete control system from disturbance perception, rapid suppression, efficiency optimization to smooth recovery.

[0027] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, a hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of a charging module is proposed, which includes the following steps: S100. Construct and initialize the hybrid control decision core, which includes transient event triggers, steady-state machines, and priority arbitrators. S200: The transient event trigger monitors the output voltage differential value of the charging module in real time and compares the output voltage differential value with the preset transient event threshold. When the output voltage differential value exceeds the transient event threshold, the first control command is generated and output, and an event trigger signal is sent to the priority arbitrator. S300 and steady-state machine acquire the current output power of the charging module in real time, and based on the pre-stored power-efficiency mapping table, arbitrate the steady-state optimal working mode corresponding to the current output power, generate and output the second control command; S400, the priority arbiter receives the event trigger signal, the first control command and the second control command. When no event trigger signal is received, it outputs the second control command to the drive circuit of the power converter. When the event trigger signal is received, it immediately switches and locks the output of the first control command to the drive circuit. After the event trigger signal disappears, the S500 priority arbitrator delays for a preset recovery time, unlocks, and switches back to outputting the second control command. At the same time, it notifies the steady-state machine to update the arbitration result based on the latest current output power.

[0028] In the specific implementation process, after the charging module is powered on, the software program in its core controller starts running and initializes the hybrid control decision core. The hybrid control decision core is a set of programmable logic control algorithms or hardware logic units integrated inside the main controller of the charging module. It consists of three core functional modules: transient event trigger, steady-state machine and priority arbitrator. The three core functional modules work together to jointly manage the generation and output of control commands for the power conversion circuit. In this embodiment, an LLC resonant converter is preferred, but a Buck or Boost converter can also be used.

[0029] The charging module hardware system mainly includes: a power conversion circuit for power conversion; a drive circuit for driving the switching transistors in the power conversion circuit; a sampling circuit for real-time acquisition of key parameters such as the charging module's output voltage, output current, and input voltage; and a controller as the control core. The controller's memory stores key parameters and data tables required for the hybrid control algorithm, including transient event thresholds (positive and negative thresholds), a power-efficiency mapping table, a fast response instruction library, and mode switching penalty coefficients. These parameters can be configured and updated online via an external communication interface to adapt to the adjustment needs of different product models or operating environments.

[0030] In S100, the controller first initializes the hardware peripherals, loads and initializes the hybrid control decision core software, initializes the transient event trigger module to monitoring state, clears the buffer of its internal differential calculation unit, and loads preset positive and negative transient event thresholds. The steady-state state machine module is initialized to startup state, loads the pre-programmed power-efficiency mapping table into the fast lookup memory area, and loads the mode switching penalty coefficient. The priority arbitrator module is initialized to steady-state control state, and its internal multiplexer defaults to selecting the second control instruction channel leading to the steady-state state machine. The locking trigger is in reset state. After initialization, the hybrid control process begins execution.

[0031] The transient event trigger operates independently and at high speed, capturing sudden changes in the output voltage. In this embodiment, its working principle is specifically implemented as follows: S210, Sampling and Differential Calculation: The controller acquires the instantaneous value of the charging module's output voltage via the ADC at a fixed high sampling period. The transient event trigger maintains a sampling buffer of length 2 to store the current sampled value. and the previous sample value In each sampling interrupt service routine, the differential calculation algorithm is executed: ,in, This represents the differential value of the output voltage. Indicates the current number The instantaneous value of the output voltage in each sampling period. Indicates the previous one The instantaneous value of the output voltage in each sampling period. This represents the sampling period, and the calculation result is... This is the instantaneous rate of change of the output voltage, which directly reflects the severity of load or input disturbances.

[0032] S220, Threshold Comparison: The calculated threshold... Compared with preset positive transient event thresholds and negative transient event thresholds, the positive and negative transient event thresholds define the steady-state range. Once the range is exceeded, it is determined that a transient event has occurred.

[0033] S230 Event Judgment: When the differential value of the output voltage is greater than the positive transient event threshold or less than the negative transient event threshold, it is determined that a positive or negative transient event has occurred, and the process jumps to S240. Otherwise, the steady-state transient event trigger waits for the next sampling cycle, does not generate any output, and the event trigger signal remains at a low level.

[0034] S240, Fast Instruction Generation: Once an event is determined, the transient event trigger immediately performs two actions: generates a high-level event trigger signal and sends it to the priority arbitrator; and, based on... The system retrieves the positive and negative values ​​and specific amplitudes, queries the preset fast response instruction library, and generates the first control instruction, which includes the target operating mode and target duty cycle adjustment information.

[0035] The aforementioned fast response instruction library is a lookup table, whose index key The quantization range is defined by the key value, which is the corresponding combination of emergency control parameters. The combination of emergency control parameters includes: the emergency operating mode that the power converter needs to switch to and the initial adjustment step size of the duty cycle of the switching transistor.

[0036] The steady-state state machine and the transient event trigger operate in parallel, focusing on finding the globally optimal operating point under steady-state or slowly varying conditions. In this embodiment, the specific implementation of its working principle is as follows: S310, Power Calculation and Candidate Mode Query: The steady-state machine executes an arbitration process once with a relatively slow fixed query cycle. In each query cycle, the current average output voltage and output current are obtained from the sampling circuit, the current output power is calculated, and then, using the power as an index, the power-efficiency mapping table stored in memory is queried. This mapping table stores the operating efficiency values ​​corresponding to all selectable operating modes of the charging module at different output power points. The query result is a set of candidate operating modes and their estimated efficiency values ​​S at the current power point.

[0037] S330, Steady-State Optimal Mode Arbitration: The optimal mode is selected from the candidate set S using a steady-state mode arbitration algorithm. The algorithm formula is as follows: ,in, This represents the steady-state optimal operating mode determined by arbitration, where S represents the operating mode relative to the current output power. The corresponding set of candidate working modes Indicates working mode At the power point The efficiency value below, This indicates the current operating mode of the charging module. This represents the mode-switching penalty coefficient, used to avoid frequent mode switching due to minor efficiency improvements, thus enhancing the stability of steady-state operation. (Arbitration result) This is the steady-state optimal operating mode under the current power.

[0038] S340, Steady-state control command generation: Based on the arbitration... The steady-state machine generates detailed second control instructions, which contain the specific control parameters required to implement the mode, such as the target switching frequency, phase control word, and modulation scheme identifier, so that the power converter can operate stably under the current load in the most efficient way.

[0039] The priority arbiter is the central coordinator of the hybrid control decision core, responsible for receiving and managing instructions and signals from transient event triggers and steady-state state machines, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the working principle of the priority arbitrator is as follows: The priority arbiter is equipped with a multiplexer and a locking trigger; The event trigger signal is connected to the set terminal of the latch trigger and the channel selection terminal of the multiplexer; When the event trigger signal is high, the latch trigger is set, the multiplexer selects the first control command as the output, and the state of the latch trigger forces the multiplexer to maintain the channel selection state. When the event trigger signal is low and the duration reaches the preset recovery time, the latch trigger is reset, and the multiplexer automatically selects the second control command as the output.

[0040] In this embodiment, the priority arbitrator is internally implemented by digital logic circuits or an equivalent software state machine, including a multiplexer and a locking trigger, and instruction routing in normal and event states: Normal state (steady-state operation): When the transient event trigger does not detect a disturbance, its output event trigger signal is low. This low-level signal is connected to the reset terminal of the latch-up trigger and the channel selection terminal of the multiplexer. For the reset terminal of the latch-up trigger, in this embodiment, a high level is effective for setting and a low level is effective for resetting. For the channel selection terminal of the multiplexer, in this embodiment, 0 selects the second control instruction and 1 selects the first control instruction. Therefore, under normal conditions, the latch-up trigger is in the reset state, and the multiplexer stably selects channel 0, that is, it continuously outputs the second control instruction generated by the steady-state state machine to the drive circuit to control the power converter to operate efficiently.

[0041] Event State (Transient Occurrence): When the transient event trigger detects a disturbance and outputs a high-level event trigger signal, this signal immediately sets the latch trigger and switches the channel selection terminal of the multiplexer to channel 1. The multiplexer instantly switches its output to the first control command generated by the transient event trigger. At the same time, the set latch trigger locks the selection state of the multiplexer. Even if the event trigger signal jitters or disappears in a short time, as long as the latch trigger is not reset, the multiplexer is forced to remain in the state of selecting the first control command. This ensures that during transient event processing, control is transferred to the faster-responding transient event processor, and the instructions of the steady-state machine are temporarily shielded, avoiding invalid arbitration and control conflicts caused by it during the transient process.

[0042] Smooth recovery after the incident: When the disturbance is suppressed by the fast control command, the output voltage change rate The transient event will return to within the preset transient event threshold. The transient event trigger will then pull the event trigger signal low. The priority arbiter detects the event trigger signal going low but does not immediately switch back to the steady-state command. Instead, it starts a delay timer, waiting for a preset recovery time. This recovery time ensures the system enters a stable state, preventing repeated switching between steady-state and transient control due to residual disturbances or noise. After the recovery time expires, the priority arbiter generates a reset pulse to reset the lockout trigger. Once reset, the lockout trigger releases the forced lockout on the multiplexer. The multiplexer, whose channel selection terminal follows the event trigger signal, automatically switches back to channel 0 and re-outputs the second control command of the steady-state state machine. Thus, control is smoothly returned to the steady-state optimization mechanism.

[0043] Meanwhile, after resetting the lockout trigger, the priority arbitrator sends a state synchronization pulse to the steady-state machine. Upon receiving this pulse, the steady-state machine immediately interrupts its regular periodic query and forcibly executes an arbitration process from S310 to S330. This arbitration is based on the latest output power value after the event ends and the system stabilizes, thereby generating the latest steady-state optimal control command (second control command) that matches the current operating condition. This command is then output through the channel that has been switched back, ensuring that when returning from the transient intervention mode, the system directly enters the most efficient steady-state operating point under the current load, achieving a smooth transition between transient and steady states.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, the specific steps of the hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of a charging module provided by the present invention are as follows: (1) Initialization phase: A hybrid control decision core is constructed, which consists of three components: transient event triggers, steady-state state machines, and priority arbitrators.

[0045] Initialize the decision kernel and set parameters such as transient event threshold, power-efficiency mapping table, and fast response instruction library.

[0046] (2) Continuous monitoring of transient event triggers: The transient event trigger collects the instantaneous output voltage value of the charging module in real time with a fixed sampling period.

[0047] Calculate the differential value of the output voltage (i.e., the rate of change of voltage) based on the output voltage values ​​of two or more consecutive sampling periods.

[0048] The calculated output voltage derivative is compared with the preset positive transient event threshold and negative transient event threshold.

[0049] If the differential value of the output voltage exceeds the threshold, a transient event is determined to have occurred; otherwise, wait for the next sampling cycle.

[0050] When a transient event occurs, the transient event trigger matches and generates the first control command (including the target operating mode and duty cycle adjustment) from the fast response instruction library, and at the same time sends an event trigger signal to the priority arbitrator.

[0051] (3) Continuous arbitration of steady-state machines: The steady-state machine obtains the output voltage and output current of the charging module in real time at a fixed query period and calculates the current output power.

[0052] Query the power-efficiency mapping table to obtain the candidate operating modes and their estimated efficiency values ​​corresponding to the current output power.

[0053] The steady-state mode arbitration algorithm (considering efficiency value and mode switching penalty) is used to select the steady-state optimal working mode from the candidate modes.

[0054] Based on the arbitration result, a second control command (including the target switching frequency, phase control word, and modulation method) is generated.

[0055] (4) Decision and output of the priority arbitrator: The priority arbiter continuously receives event trigger signals, first control commands, and second control commands.

[0056] If no event trigger signal is found, the priority arbiter outputs a second control command to the power converter's drive circuit.

[0057] If an event trigger signal is received, the priority arbiter immediately switches and locks the output of the first control command to the drive circuit.

[0058] The priority arbiter monitors the status of the event trigger signal; when the signal disappears, it delays for a preset recovery time.

[0059] After the delay ends, the priority arbiter unlocks and switches back to outputting the second control command.

[0060] At the same time, the priority arbitrator sends a state synchronization pulse to the steady-state machine, notifying it to update the arbitration result based on the latest output power.

[0061] (5) Update of steady-state machine: Upon receiving the state synchronization pulse, the steady-state machine immediately re-executes the arbitration process.

[0062] In summary, this invention constructs a hybrid control decision core integrating transient event triggers, a steady-state machine, and a priority arbitrator. This decouples and coordinates the rapid response mechanism and the efficiency optimization mechanism at the hardware or logic level. The transient event trigger achieves rapid intervention based on differential criteria, improving dynamic response speed. The steady-state machine, based on global efficiency mapping and stability penalty arbitration, ensures optimal energy efficiency and stable operation under steady-state and slowly changing conditions. The priority arbitrator, as the intelligent scheduling hub, realizes rapid and smooth permission switching and state synchronization between the two mechanisms. This method solves the contradiction between speed and efficiency at the control system architecture level, enabling the charging module to cope with complex industrial application scenarios with ease, maximizing the operating efficiency of the entire working area while ensuring high-quality output voltage.

[0063] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of a charging module, characterized in that, The specific steps of this hybrid control method are as follows: S100. Construct and initialize a hybrid control decision core, which includes a transient event trigger, a steady-state machine, and a priority arbiter. S200: The transient event trigger monitors the differential value of the output voltage of the charging module in real time and compares the differential value of the output voltage with a preset transient event threshold. When the differential value of the output voltage exceeds the transient event threshold, a first control command is generated and output, and an event trigger signal is sent to the priority arbitrator. S300: The steady-state machine acquires the current output power of the charging module in real time, and based on the pre-stored power-efficiency mapping table, arbitrates the steady-state optimal working mode corresponding to the current output power, generates and outputs the second control command; S400, the priority arbiter receives the event trigger signal, the first control command and the second control command, and when it does not receive the event trigger signal, it outputs the second control command to the drive circuit of the power converter, and when it receives the event trigger signal, it immediately switches and locks the output of the first control command to the drive circuit. S500: After the event trigger signal disappears, the priority arbitrator delays for a preset recovery time, unlocks and switches back to outputting the second control command, and simultaneously notifies the steady-state machine to update the arbitration result based on the latest current output power.

2. The hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of a charging module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hybrid control decision core is a programmable logic control unit integrated inside the main controller of the charging module; The charging module includes a power conversion circuit, a drive circuit, a sampling circuit, and a controller.

3. The hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of a charging module according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S200, the working principle of the transient event trigger is as follows: S210. Obtain the instantaneous value of the output voltage of the charging module at a fixed sampling period. Based on the instantaneous value of the output voltage in two or more consecutive sampling periods, calculate the differential value of the output voltage using a differential calculation algorithm. The differential calculation algorithm is as follows: ,in, This represents the differential value of the output voltage. Indicates the current number The instantaneous value of the output voltage in each sampling period. Indicates the previous one The instantaneous value of the output voltage in each sampling period. Indicates the sampling period; S220. Compare the calculated differential value of the output voltage with the preset positive transient event threshold and negative transient event threshold; S230: If the differential value of the output voltage is greater than the positive transient event threshold or less than the negative transient event threshold, a transient event is determined to have occurred, and S240 is executed; otherwise, the state is determined to be steady and the system waits for the next sampling period. S240. Based on the sign and amplitude of the differential value of the output voltage, match and generate the first control command from a preset fast response command library. The first control command includes the target operating mode and the target duty cycle adjustment amount.

4. The hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of a charging module according to claim 3, characterized in that, In S240, the preset fast response instruction library is a lookup table structure, the index key is the quantization range of the differential value of the output voltage, and the key value is a pre-configured combination of emergency control parameters. The emergency control parameter combination includes: the emergency operating mode that the power converter needs to switch to, and the initial adjustment step size of the duty cycle of the switching transistor.

5. The hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of a charging module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The working principle of the steady-state machine in S300 is as follows: S310. Obtain the current output voltage and current output current of the charging module at a fixed query period, and calculate the current output power; Based on the current output power, the power-efficiency mapping table is queried to obtain a set of candidate operating modes and their corresponding estimated efficiency values. The power-efficiency mapping table stores the operating efficiency data of the charging module when using different operating modes at different output power points. S330. Using a steady-state mode arbitration algorithm, the optimal steady-state working mode is selected from the candidate working modes. The steady-state mode arbitration algorithm is as follows: ,in, This represents the steady-state optimal operating mode determined by arbitration, where S represents the operating mode relative to the current output power. The corresponding set of candidate working modes Indicates working mode At the power point The efficiency value below, This indicates the current operating mode of the charging module. Indicates the penalty coefficient for mode switching; S340. Based on the steady-state optimal operating mode determined by arbitration, generate the second control command, which includes the target switching frequency, phase control word, and modulation method.

6. The hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of a charging module according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S400, the working principle of the priority arbitrator is as follows: The priority arbiter is equipped with a multiplexer and a locking trigger; The event trigger signal is connected to the set terminal of the lock trigger and the channel selection terminal of the multiplexer; When the event trigger signal is high, the lockout trigger is set, the multiplexer selects the first control command as the output, and the state of the lockout trigger forces the multiplexer to maintain the channel selection state. When the event trigger signal is low and the duration reaches the preset recovery time, the lockout trigger is reset, and the multiplexer automatically selects the second control command as the output.

7. The hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of a charging module according to claim 6, characterized in that, In S500, after the lockout trigger is reset, the priority arbitrator sends a state synchronization pulse to the steady-state machine. After receiving the state synchronization pulse, the steady-state machine immediately executes an arbitration process from S310 to S330 to update the second control command based on the latest power state after the event ends.

8. The hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of a charging module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power conversion circuit is an LLC resonant converter, a Buck converter, or a Boost converter; The controller is a digital signal processor, a microcontroller, or a field-programmable gate array, and is configured to run a software program of the hybrid control decision core; The drive circuit receives the control command output by the controller and drives the switching transistor in the power conversion circuit to operate. The sampling circuit collects the output voltage, output current, and input voltage of the charging module in real time.

9. The hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of a charging module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The controller's memory stores transient event thresholds, power-efficiency mapping tables, fast response instruction libraries, and mode switching penalty coefficients, all of which can be configured and updated online via external communication interfaces.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the controller, it implements a hybrid control method for fast response and energy efficiency optimization of the charging module as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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