DC-DC power supply voltage stabilizing control method using ultrafine crystal magnetic voltage stabilizing composite structure

Abstract

The application discloses a DC-DC power supply voltage stabilizing control method adopting an ultracrystalline magnetic voltage stabilizing composite structure, and comprises the following steps: S1, input direct current voltage is subjected to DC-DC conversion through a power conversion unit to obtain a high-frequency pulsating voltage. Thus, the application utilizes the physical saturation characteristics of the ultracrystalline magnetic core to autonomously adjust the impedance of the secondary winding, realizes output on-off control, effectively reduces the size of the power supply, reduces the hardware cost, reduces the additional loss of passive devices, greatly improves the power conversion efficiency and integration, adopts the ultracrystalline nanocrystalline soft magnetic core, matches the bidirectional magnetic reset circuit, greatly improves the stability of the power supply under the working condition of wide voltage and high frequency continuous work, dynamically adjusts the magnetic reset current through a sampling error signal, adaptively changes the saturation time of the magnetic core and the secondary side conduction duty cycle, can rely on the physical characteristics of the magnetic core to realize passive adaptive voltage stabilization under small amplitude working condition fluctuation, and improves the overall robustness and adaptive ability of the power supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of power supply regulation, and in particular to a DC-DC power supply regulation and control method using an ultra-microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of power electronic systems, industrial control equipment, precision electronic instruments, and new energy power supply devices, the voltage regulation accuracy, dynamic response performance, and stability of DC-DC power supplies determine the operational reliability and efficiency of the entire system. Currently, mainstream DC-DC power supply voltage regulation control schemes are mainly divided into two categories: linear voltage regulation control and switching PWM voltage regulation control.

[0003] Linear voltage regulation technology has a simple structure and fast transient response, but it has high energy loss and low conversion efficiency. It is only suitable for low-frequency voltage regulation scenarios with low current and low voltage drop. PWM switching voltage regulation technology relies on the high-frequency switching of the switching transistor to realize power conversion, which effectively solves the problem of low efficiency of linear voltage regulation technology and can be adapted to high power supply requirements. However, this control architecture has many unavoidable shortcomings.

[0004] First, traditional switching regulators adjust the output duty cycle through a single electrical switch. During high-frequency switching, severe voltage spikes, current ripples, and high-frequency oscillations are generated. This not only significantly reduces the smoothness of the output voltage, making it difficult to meet the low-voltage ripple power supply requirements of precision electronic equipment, but also causes serious electromagnetic interference problems. This requires additional large-capacity filtering and shielding devices, which increases the overall size, weight, and hardware cost of the power supply. At the same time, additional passive components also introduce additional power losses, which restricts the improvement of the overall conversion efficiency of the power supply.

[0005] Secondly, existing high-frequency DC-DC voltage regulator structures generally suffer from poor stability of magnetic components. Conventional ferrite and ordinary crystalline magnetic cores have low hysteresis loop rectangle ratios and soft magnetic saturation characteristics. Under the action of high-frequency alternating electric fields, their magnetization state is unstable, and incomplete magnetization and incomplete magnetic reset are prone to occur. This leads to the accumulation of duty cycle control deviations during the switching cycle, and the voltage regulation accuracy continues to decline under long-term operation. Furthermore, it cannot achieve bidirectional precise magnetic reset, has poor adaptability to operating conditions, and is difficult to adapt to wide voltage and high-frequency continuous voltage regulation operating scenarios.

[0006] Furthermore, traditional voltage regulation control architectures have a simple voltage regulation logic, only able to fine-tune the switch duty cycle through electrical signals. They cannot combine the physical saturation characteristics of magnetic components to achieve passive voltage regulation assistance, resulting in a limited control dimension. When the input voltage fluctuates slightly or the load changes slightly, the feedback loop needs to continuously adjust at high frequency, which exacerbates control circuit losses and component aging. At the same time, loop oscillation problems are prone to occur, making it impossible to achieve both steady-state high-precision voltage regulation and dynamic rapid adjustment.

[0007] Application content

[0008] This application aims to address, at least to some extent, the technical problems in the related art.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a DC-DC power supply voltage regulation and control method using a microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. The input DC voltage is converted to DC-DC by the power conversion unit to obtain a high-frequency pulsating voltage;

[0011] S2. Apply the high-frequency pulsating voltage to the primary winding of the microcrystalline magnetic voltage-stabilized composite structure. The microcrystalline magnetic voltage-stabilized composite structure includes a microcrystalline magnetic core, a primary winding and a secondary winding wound on the microcrystalline magnetic core, and a magnetic reset circuit connected in parallel or in series with the output terminal of the secondary winding.

[0012] S3. The output duty cycle of the secondary winding is controlled by the magnetic saturation characteristics of the microcrystalline magnetic core. When the microcrystalline magnetic core is in an unsaturated state, the secondary winding presents a high impedance state, blocking the voltage output. When the microcrystalline magnetic core is in a saturated state, the secondary winding presents a low impedance state, allowing the voltage output to be turned on.

[0013] S4. Sample the output voltage of the secondary winding, compare the sampled signal with the reference voltage, and generate an error signal;

[0014] S5. Control the magnetic reset circuit according to the error signal, adjust the magnetic reset degree of the microcrystalline magnetic core to change the time for the microcrystalline magnetic core to reach saturation, adjust the duty cycle of the secondary winding, and achieve stable control of the output voltage.

[0015] In addition, the application may also include the following additional technical features:

[0016] Specifically, in step S2, the microcrystalline magnetic core is a nanocrystalline soft magnetic material core, and the microcrystalline magnetic core has rectangular hysteresis loop characteristics with a rectangularity ratio greater than or equal to 0.8.

[0017] Specifically, the magnetic saturation characteristic control of the microcrystalline magnetic core in step S3 includes: within one switching cycle, the microcrystalline magnetic core sequentially experiences a reset stage, a blocking stage, and a saturation conduction stage; in the reset stage, the magnetic reset circuit applies a reset current to the microcrystalline magnetic core, causing the core's operating point to return to its initial magnetization state; in the blocking stage, the microcrystalline magnetic core changes from the unsaturated region to the saturated region along the hysteresis loop, and the secondary winding exhibits high impedance; in the saturation conduction stage, the microcrystalline magnetic core reaches saturation, and the impedance of the secondary winding decreases to an approximately short-circuit state, achieving voltage output.

[0018] Specifically, the magnetic reset circuit is a bidirectional magnetic reset circuit, which can perform reset control in both the forward and reverse saturation directions of the microcrystalline magnetic core.

[0019] Specifically, step S5, controlling the magnetic reset circuit based on the error signal, includes: when the sampled voltage is higher than the reference voltage, increasing the reset current of the magnetic reset circuit to deepen the reset degree of the microcrystalline magnetic core, prolonging the time for the microcrystalline magnetic core to reach saturation, and reducing the duty cycle of the secondary winding, thereby reducing the output voltage; when the sampled voltage is lower than the reference voltage, decreasing the reset current of the magnetic reset circuit to weaken the reset degree of the microcrystalline magnetic core, shortening the time for the microcrystalline magnetic core to reach saturation, and increasing the duty cycle of the secondary winding, thereby increasing the output voltage.

[0020] Specifically, the power conversion unit is a PWM-controlled power conversion unit, the output terminal of the power conversion unit is connected to the primary winding of the microcrystalline magnetic voltage stabilizer composite structure, and the operating frequency of the PWM-controlled power conversion unit is 20kHz-500kHz.

[0021] Specifically, the microcrystalline magnetic voltage stabilizer composite structure also includes a rectifier and filter unit connected to the output terminal of the secondary winding. The rectifier and filter unit rectifies and filters the pulsating voltage output by the secondary winding to obtain a stable DC output voltage.

[0022] Specifically, in step S4, the output voltage of the secondary winding is sampled through a resistor divider network, the reference voltage is provided by a bandgap reference source or a precision voltage regulator chip, and the error signal is generated by an error amplifier composed of operational amplifiers amplifying the difference between the sampled signal and the reference voltage.

[0023] Specifically, the magnetic reset circuit is connected in parallel to the output terminal of the secondary winding. The magnetic reset circuit includes a reset resistor and a reset switch connected in series. The conduction and cutoff of the reset switch are controlled by the error signal. When the reset switch is on, the secondary winding forms a current loop through the reset resistor to realize the reset of the microcrystalline magnetic core.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the DC-DC power supply voltage regulation and control method using a microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure proposed in this application are as follows:

[0025] 1. By utilizing the physical saturation characteristics of the microcrystalline magnetic core, the impedance of the secondary winding can be autonomously adjusted to achieve output on / off control, suppressing voltage spikes, current ripples and oscillations caused by high-frequency switching, significantly improving the smoothness of the output voltage, meeting the low ripple power supply requirements of precision equipment, and eliminating the need for large-capacity filtering and shielding devices, effectively reducing the size of the power supply, lowering hardware costs, reducing additional losses of passive components, and greatly improving power conversion efficiency and integration.

[0026] 2. It adopts an ultra-microcrystalline nanocrystalline soft magnetic core with excellent hysteresis characteristics, steep saturation characteristics, and stable magnetization state. Combined with a bidirectional magnetic reset circuit, it can achieve precise reset of the magnetic core in both forward and reverse saturation, ensuring that the magnetic core operating point is stably reset to the initial state in each switching cycle. This eliminates the problems of control deviation accumulation and long-term voltage regulation accuracy decay, and greatly improves the stability of the power supply under wide voltage and high-frequency continuous operation conditions.

[0027] 3. By dynamically adjusting the magnetic reset current through the sampling error signal, the core saturation time and secondary conduction duty cycle are adaptively changed. Based on the physical characteristics of the core, passive adaptive voltage regulation under small operating condition fluctuations can be achieved, effectively reducing circuit losses and device aging, avoiding loop oscillation problems, balancing the steady-state voltage regulation accuracy and dynamic response speed of the system, and improving the overall robustness and adaptability of the power supply. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a DC-DC power supply voltage regulation and control method using an ultra-microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure according to this application;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of step S3 of a DC-DC power supply voltage regulation and control method using an ultra-microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure according to this application;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of step S5 of a DC-DC power supply voltage regulation and control method using an ultra-microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure according to this application. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the technical means, inventive features, objectives, and effects of this application easier to understand, the application is further described below with reference to specific illustrations. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0033] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] like Figure 1As shown in the figure, a DC-DC power supply voltage regulation and control method using a microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure according to an embodiment of this application includes the following steps:

[0035] S1. The input DC voltage is converted to DC-DC by the power conversion unit to obtain a high-frequency pulsating voltage.

[0036] It should be noted that in the initial stage of the high-frequency working cycle, the excitation magnetic field strength generated by the high-frequency pulsating voltage applied to the primary winding is relatively weak, and the microcrystalline core has not reached the magnetic saturation state. At this time, the magnetic permeability of the core is at an extremely high level, the electromagnetic induction coupling effect of the winding is suppressed, the secondary winding as a whole presents an equivalent impedance, and the circuit is in an open circuit blocking state.

[0037] As the primary excitation time continues to increase, the magnetic field strength inside the core continuously accumulates and increases. When the magnetic field strength reaches the saturation threshold of the microcrystalline core, the core rapidly enters a magnetic saturation state, its permeability drops sharply and tends to stabilize, and the equivalent impedance of the secondary winding instantly drops to an extremely low level. The electromagnetic coupling path is fully open, and the high-frequency pulsating electrical energy of the primary side is rapidly transmitted to the secondary winding through the core coupling, achieving effective voltage output. By periodically switching between unsaturated blocking and saturated conduction states of the core, the effective duration of the secondary voltage output can be controlled, forming a periodic and controllable voltage output waveform.

[0038] S2. Apply a high-frequency pulsating voltage to the primary winding of the microcrystalline magnetic voltage-stabilized composite structure. The microcrystalline magnetic voltage-stabilized composite structure includes a microcrystalline magnetic core, a primary winding and a secondary winding wound on the microcrystalline magnetic core, and a magnetic reset circuit connected in parallel or in series with the output terminal of the secondary winding.

[0039] It should be noted that the microcrystalline magnetic core is a magnetically sensitive device. Relying on the excellent electromagnetic properties of microcrystalline materials, such as high permeability, low coercivity, controllable saturation magnetic flux density, and extremely low high-frequency loss, it can achieve high-precision and high-response dynamic control of magnetic saturation. The primary and secondary windings are uniformly wound on the microcrystalline magnetic core skeleton using a layered insulation winding process, forming an electromagnetic coupling transmission path. The primary winding is responsible for receiving high-frequency pulsating electrical energy and converting it into magnetic field energy, while the secondary winding outputs controllable electrical energy through electromagnetic induction coupling. The magnetic reset circuit, as a control module, can be flexibly adapted to the output terminal of the secondary winding using series or parallel connection methods according to the circuit conditions. It is mainly used to eliminate the residual magnetism generated during the magnetization process of the magnetic core, ensuring that the microcrystalline magnetic core can achieve complete reset in each working cycle, and providing circuit protection for the periodic stable operation of the magnetic core.

[0040] S3. The output duty cycle of the secondary winding is controlled by the magnetic saturation characteristics of the microcrystalline core. When the microcrystalline core is in an unsaturated state, the secondary winding presents a high impedance state, blocking the voltage output. When the microcrystalline core is in a saturated state, the secondary winding presents a low impedance state, allowing the voltage output to be turned on.

[0041] It should be noted that at the initial stage of each high-frequency working cycle, the excitation magnetic field strength generated by the high-frequency pulsating voltage applied to the primary winding is relatively weak, and the microcrystalline core has not reached the magnetic saturation state. At this time, the magnetic permeability of the core is at an extremely high level, the electromagnetic induction coupling effect of the winding is suppressed, the secondary winding as a whole exhibits a very large equivalent impedance, the circuit is in an open circuit blocking state, and there is no voltage or electrical energy output.

[0042] As the primary excitation time continues to increase, the magnetic field strength inside the core continues to accumulate and increase. When the magnetic field strength reaches the saturation threshold of the microcrystalline core, the core quickly enters the magnetic saturation state, its permeability drops sharply and tends to stabilize, the equivalent impedance of the secondary winding drops to an extremely low level instantly, the electromagnetic coupling path is fully open, and the high-frequency pulsating electrical energy of the primary side is quickly transmitted to the secondary winding through the core coupling to achieve effective voltage output. By switching between the unsaturated blocking and saturated conduction states of the core periodically, the effective duration of the secondary voltage output can be precisely controlled, forming a periodic and controllable voltage output waveform.

[0043] S4. Sample the output voltage of the secondary winding, compare the sampled signal with the reference voltage, and generate an error signal.

[0044] It should be noted that the sampling circuit employs a voltage divider sampling and differential amplification filtering design, which can filter out high-frequency noise interference, accurately capture the real-time amplitude and fluctuation deviation of the output voltage, convert the acquired analog voltage signal into a smooth and recognizable feedback sampling signal, and transmit it to the system's main control comparison unit in real time. The main control unit internally presets a constant, highly accurate reference voltage, which corresponds to the target stable output voltage of the power supply and serves as the reference standard for voltage regulation control.

[0045] The main control unit performs cycle-by-cycle, high-precision difference calculations between the real-time sampled signal and the reference voltage: when the load fluctuates or the input voltage deviates, causing the output voltage to be too high, the amplitude of the sampled signal is greater than the reference voltage; when the output voltage is too low, the amplitude of the sampled signal is less than the reference voltage; the difference between the two approaches zero only when the output voltage is stable. Based on the magnitude and direction of the voltage difference, an analog error signal with corresponding amplitude and polarity is generated. This error signal intuitively reflects the degree of deviation of the current output voltage, providing a control basis for the precise adjustment of the subsequent magnetic reset circuit, and realizing closed-loop negative feedback control logic.

[0046] S5. Control the magnetic reset circuit according to the error signal, adjust the magnetic reset degree of the microcrystalline magnetic core to change the time for the microcrystalline magnetic core to reach saturation, adjust the duty cycle of the secondary winding, and achieve stable control of the output voltage.

[0047] It should be noted that the magnetic reset circuit can precisely change the residual magnetism of the magnetic core after each working cycle, i.e., the degree of magnetic reset, by adjusting parameters such as reset current, reset duration, and reset voltage. When the output voltage is too high and the error signal has a positive deviation, the system controls the magnetic reset circuit to enhance the magnetic reset force, significantly eliminating the residual magnetism of the magnetic core. This results in a lower initial magnetization state of the magnetic core, requiring a longer excitation time to reach magnetic saturation. This directly shortens the low-impedance conduction time of the secondary winding, reduces the voltage output duty cycle, and thus lowers the output voltage.

[0048] When the output voltage is low and the error signal shows a negative deviation, the system weakens the magnetic reset force, retains an appropriate amount of residual magnetism in the core, allowing the core to quickly reach saturation, extending the conduction time of the secondary winding, increasing the voltage output duty cycle, and raising the output voltage. Through this dynamic closed-loop adjustment method, the system can adapt to complex operating conditions such as input voltage fluctuations and load power changes in real time, continuously correcting the secondary output duty cycle to ensure that the secondary winding output voltage remains stable at the target value corresponding to the reference voltage.

[0049] In one embodiment of this application, the microcrystalline magnetic core in step S2 is a nanocrystalline soft magnetic material core, and the microcrystalline magnetic core has rectangular hysteresis loop characteristics with a rectangularity ratio greater than or equal to 0.8.

[0050] It should be noted that the microcrystalline magnetic core possesses typical rectangular hysteresis loop characteristics, with a hysteresis loop rectangle ratio greater than or equal to 0.8. This high rectangle ratio results in stronger criticality and better linearity during magnetization, leading to a steeper transition between unsaturated and saturated states and effectively mitigating nonlinear interference in the magnetization transition region. This characteristic significantly improves the controllability of the core's operating state, laying a core magnetic foundation for precise control of core saturation time and winding duty cycle, while simultaneously reducing hysteresis losses and adapting to the operational requirements of high-frequency regulated power conversion.

[0051] In one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 2 As shown, the magnetic saturation characteristic control of the microcrystalline core in step S3 specifically includes: within one switching cycle, the microcrystalline core sequentially experiences a reset stage, a blocking stage, and a saturation conduction stage; in the reset stage, the magnetic reset circuit applies a reset current to the microcrystalline core, causing the core's operating point to return to its initial magnetization state; in the blocking stage, the microcrystalline core changes from the unsaturated region to the saturated region along the hysteresis loop, and the secondary winding exhibits high impedance; in the saturation conduction stage, the microcrystalline core reaches saturation, and the impedance of the secondary winding decreases to an approximately short-circuit state, achieving voltage output.

[0052] It should be noted that during the reset phase, the external magnetic reset circuit actively applies a reset current with controllable amplitude and duration to the microcrystalline magnetic core. Through reverse magnetization, it cancels the magnetization margin accumulated by the magnetic core in the previous switching cycle, forcing the working magnetization point of the magnetic core to accurately return to the preset initial magnetization zero point state, completely eliminating the problem of residual magnetism accumulation in the magnetic core, and avoiding faults such as magnetic core bias and saturation runaway caused by residual magnetism.

[0053] During the blocking phase, the reset microcrystalline magnetic core, under the action of the excitation voltage input to the primary winding, smoothly transitions from the unsaturated linear region to the magnetic saturation region along the standard hysteresis loop. During this phase, the magnetic permeability of the core is at a high level, and the secondary winding induces an extremely high equivalent impedance. The winding circuit is approximately open, with no effective voltage output, thus achieving circuit blocking and isolation.

[0054] During the saturation conduction stage, as the excitation energy continues to accumulate, the microcrystalline magnetic core quickly reaches the magnetic saturation state, the magnetic permeability of the core drops sharply, and the equivalent impedance of the secondary winding is simultaneously and significantly reduced to a near short-circuit conduction state. The winding circuit is normally connected, induced to generate pulsating voltage and achieve stable voltage output. Through the time-sequential coordination of the three stages, the energy conversion and voltage output of a single cycle are completed.

[0055] In one embodiment of this application, the magnetic reset circuit is a bidirectional magnetic reset circuit, which can perform reset control in both the forward and reverse saturation directions of the microcrystalline magnetic core.

[0056] It should be noted that the bidirectional magnetic reset circuit can cover both the forward and reverse saturation magnetization limits of the microcrystalline magnetic core, enabling precise zeroing and reset control of the residual magnetic flux in both forward and reverse magnetization. After the core is forward magnetized to saturation, the circuit outputs a reverse reset current to reset the forward residual magnetism; when the core is reverse magnetized to saturation, the circuit outputs a forward reset current to cancel the reverse residual magnetism, ensuring that the core operates in a uniform initial state during each switching cycle, significantly improving the core's operational stability and voltage regulation accuracy.

[0057] In one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 3 As shown, step S5, controlling the magnetic reset circuit according to the error signal, specifically includes: when the sampled voltage is higher than the reference voltage, increasing the reset current of the magnetic reset circuit to deepen the reset degree of the microcrystalline core, prolonging the time for the microcrystalline core to reach saturation, reducing the duty cycle of the secondary winding, thereby reducing the output voltage; when the sampled voltage is lower than the reference voltage, decreasing the reset current of the magnetic reset circuit to weaken the reset degree of the microcrystalline core, shortening the time for the microcrystalline core to reach saturation, increasing the duty cycle of the secondary winding, thereby increasing the output voltage.

[0058] It should be noted that when the sampled voltage is detected to be higher than the preset reference voltage, the current output voltage is determined to be too high. The amplitude of the error signal output by the system increases, driving the magnetic reset circuit to increase the reset current, strengthening the magnetic reset depth of the microcrystalline magnetic core, making the initial magnetization state of the magnetic core more thorough and the magnetization margin lower.

[0059] In this state, the magnetic core needs to accumulate more excitation energy and longer excitation time to reach saturation conduction, which effectively prolongs the magnetic core saturation delay time. This correspondingly shortens the effective conduction time of the secondary winding in a single switching cycle, reduces the winding conduction duty cycle, and reduces the total energy output in a single cycle, thereby accurately lowering the output voltage and achieving step-down voltage regulation.

[0060] Conversely, when the sampled voltage is detected to be lower than the preset reference voltage, it is determined that the current output voltage is too low. The reverse error signal generated by the system regulates the magnetic reset circuit to reduce the reset current, weaken the reset degree of the microcrystalline magnetic core, and leave an appropriate amount of magnetization margin in the magnetic core. It can reach the magnetic saturation state without excessive excitation time, which greatly shortens the saturation response time of the magnetic core, increases the duty cycle of the secondary winding, increases the total energy output of a single cycle, and thus raises the output voltage, achieving dynamic constant voltage regulation of the output voltage.

[0061] In one embodiment of this application, the power conversion unit is a PWM-controlled power conversion unit, and the output terminal of the power conversion unit is connected to the primary winding of the microcrystalline magnetic voltage stabilizer composite structure. The operating frequency of the PWM-controlled power conversion unit is 20kHz-500kHz.

[0062] It should be noted that the output of this power conversion unit is directly electrically connected to the primary winding of the microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure, providing controllable high-frequency excitation power to the primary winding. To match the high-frequency, low-loss characteristics of the microcrystalline nanocrystalline magnetic core and avoid problems such as low magnetic utilization and delayed voltage regulation response caused by low-frequency operation, the stable operating frequency of the PWM-controlled power conversion unit is limited to the range of 20kHz-500kHz in this embodiment. This high-frequency operating band can effectively avoid power frequency interference and audio noise range, improve the quietness of equipment operation, and give full play to the excellent high-frequency magnetization characteristics of the nanocrystalline magnetic core, reduce the size of the magnetic core device, and at the same time ensure the sensitivity of PWM duty cycle control, improving the response speed and control accuracy of voltage regulation.

[0063] In one embodiment of this application, the microcrystalline magnetic voltage stabilizer composite structure further includes a rectifier and filter unit connected to the output terminal of the secondary winding. The rectifier and filter unit rectifies and filters the pulsating voltage output by the secondary winding to obtain a stable DC output voltage.

[0064] It should be noted that the microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure also integrates a rectifier and filter unit. This unit is stably connected to the voltage output terminal of the secondary winding and is a key post-module for converting AC pulsating voltage into stable DC voltage. Because the secondary winding periodically saturates and turns off with the magnetic core, the output voltage is a high-frequency pulsating AC voltage, which has problems such as large voltage ripple, unstable waveform, and inability to be directly supplied to downstream loads.

[0065] Based on this, the rectifier and filter unit first performs full-wave or half-wave rectification on the pulsating voltage output from the secondary side through rectifier devices, converting the alternating pulsating voltage into a unidirectional pulsating DC voltage. Then, the rectified voltage is filtered for ripple and smoothed through a filter network composed of filter capacitors and filter inductors, completely eliminating high-frequency pulsating noise and voltage fluctuations. Finally, it outputs a clean DC output voltage with low ripple, high stability, and high accuracy, meeting the power supply requirements of various precision loads.

[0066] In one embodiment of this application, the output voltage of the sampling secondary winding in step S4 is achieved through a resistor voltage divider network, the reference voltage is provided by a bandgap reference source or a precision voltage regulator chip, and the error signal is generated by an error amplifier composed of operational amplifiers amplifying the difference between the sampling signal and the reference voltage.

[0067] It should be noted that this voltage divider network is built using high-precision, low-temperature drift resistors, which can accurately step down and sample the secondary output voltage according to a fixed voltage division ratio. Without affecting the stability of the main circuit voltage output, it can acquire a low-voltage sampling signal that is linearly proportional to the actual output voltage, which is compatible with the signal processing range of the subsequent error amplifier circuit.

[0068] Meanwhile, the system's reference voltage is provided by a high-precision bandgap reference source or a low-temperature drift precision voltage regulator chip. Compared to ordinary voltage regulators, these devices have extremely small temperature drift, high voltage accuracy, and strong long-term stability, providing a precise and constant reference for voltage comparison and control, ensuring voltage regulation accuracy from the source. The sampled voltage signal and the reference voltage signal are synchronously input to an error amplifier built from a high-gain operational amplifier. The error amplifier amplifies and shapes the difference between the two signals with high precision, generating an error signal whose amplitude linearly corresponds to the voltage deviation, providing a control signal basis for the dynamic control of the subsequent magnetic reset circuit.

[0069] In one embodiment of this application, a magnetic reset circuit is connected in parallel to the output terminal of the secondary winding. The magnetic reset circuit includes a reset resistor and a reset switch connected in series. The on and off of the reset switch is controlled by an error signal. When the reset switch is on, the secondary winding forms a current loop through the reset resistor to reset the microcrystalline magnetic core.

[0070] It should be noted that the magnetic reset circuit adopts a parallel connection method, stably connected in parallel to the output terminal of the secondary winding, without requiring modification of the main power circuit structure, thus offering stronger installation adaptability and circuit compatibility. The core of this magnetic reset circuit consists of a series-connected reset resistor and a reset switch, featuring a simple structure, fast response speed, and low control cost. The on / off state and on duration of the reset switch are entirely controlled by the error signal generated in the preceding stage, achieving intelligent dynamic control.

[0071] When an error signal triggers the voltage regulation and reset control requirement, the reset switch quickly turns on. At this time, the secondary winding, the reset resistor, and the turned-on reset switch form a complete closed current loop. The secondary winding generates a reset current, which acts in reverse on the microcrystalline core, quickly canceling the residual magnetic flux in the core and accurately completing the core reset operation. When no reset control is required, the reset switch remains off. The reset circuit has no current loss and does not affect the normal energy conversion and voltage output of the main circuit, achieving accurate on-demand reset and low-loss operation.

[0072] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0073] The present application and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present application. The actual structure is not limited to this. In conclusion, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by this description and designs a similar structure and embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present application, such design should fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A DC-DC power supply voltage regulation and control method employing an ultra-microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The input DC voltage is converted to DC-DC by the power conversion unit to obtain a high-frequency pulsating voltage; S2. Apply the high-frequency pulsating voltage to the primary winding of the microcrystalline magnetic voltage-stabilized composite structure. The microcrystalline magnetic voltage-stabilized composite structure includes a microcrystalline magnetic core, a primary winding and a secondary winding wound on the microcrystalline magnetic core, and a magnetic reset circuit connected in parallel or in series with the output terminal of the secondary winding. S3. The output duty cycle of the secondary winding is controlled by the magnetic saturation characteristics of the microcrystalline magnetic core. When the microcrystalline magnetic core is in an unsaturated state, the secondary winding presents a high impedance state, blocking the voltage output. When the microcrystalline magnetic core is in a saturated state, the secondary winding presents a low impedance state, allowing the voltage output to be turned on. S4. Sample the output voltage of the secondary winding, compare the sampled signal with the reference voltage, and generate an error signal; S5. Control the magnetic reset circuit according to the error signal, adjust the magnetic reset degree of the microcrystalline magnetic core to change the time for the microcrystalline magnetic core to reach saturation, adjust the duty cycle of the secondary winding, and achieve stable control of the output voltage.

2. The DC-DC power supply voltage regulation and control method using a microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the microcrystalline magnetic core is a nanocrystalline soft magnetic material core. The microcrystalline magnetic core has rectangular hysteresis loop characteristics, and its rectangularity ratio is greater than or equal to 0.

8.

3. The DC-DC power supply voltage regulation and control method using a microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic saturation characteristic control of the microcrystalline magnetic core in step S3 specifically includes: within one switching cycle, the microcrystalline magnetic core sequentially experiences a reset stage, a blocking stage, and a saturation conduction stage; in the reset stage, the magnetic reset circuit applies a reset current to the microcrystalline magnetic core, causing the core's operating point to return to its initial magnetization state; in the blocking stage, the microcrystalline magnetic core changes from the unsaturated region to the saturated region along the hysteresis loop, and the secondary winding exhibits high impedance; in the saturation conduction stage, the microcrystalline magnetic core reaches saturation, and the impedance of the secondary winding decreases to an approximately short-circuit state, achieving voltage output.

4. The DC-DC power supply voltage regulation and control method using a microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The magnetic reset circuit is a bidirectional magnetic reset circuit, which can perform reset control in both the forward and reverse saturation directions of the microcrystalline magnetic core.

5. The DC-DC power supply voltage regulation and control method using a microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5, controlling the magnetic reset circuit based on the error signal, specifically includes: when the sampled voltage is higher than the reference voltage, increasing the reset current of the magnetic reset circuit to deepen the reset degree of the microcrystalline core, prolonging the time for the microcrystalline core to reach saturation, and reducing the duty cycle of the secondary winding, thereby reducing the output voltage; when the sampled voltage is lower than the reference voltage, decreasing the reset current of the magnetic reset circuit to weaken the reset degree of the microcrystalline core, shortening the time for the microcrystalline core to reach saturation, and increasing the duty cycle of the secondary winding, thereby increasing the output voltage.

6. The DC-DC power supply voltage regulation and control method using a microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power conversion unit is a PWM-controlled power conversion unit. The output terminal of the power conversion unit is connected to the primary winding of the microcrystalline magnetic voltage stabilizer composite structure. The operating frequency of the PWM-controlled power conversion unit is 20kHz-500kHz.

7. The DC-DC power supply voltage regulation and control method using a microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcrystalline magnetic voltage stabilizer composite structure also includes a rectifier and filter unit connected to the output terminal of the secondary winding. The rectifier and filter unit rectifies and filters the pulsating voltage output by the secondary winding to obtain a stable DC output voltage.

8. The DC-DC power supply voltage regulation and control method using a microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the output voltage of the secondary winding is sampled through a resistor divider network. The reference voltage is provided by a bandgap reference source or a precision voltage regulator chip. The error signal is generated by an error amplifier composed of operational amplifiers, which amplifies the difference between the sampled signal and the reference voltage.

9. A DC-DC power supply voltage regulation and control method using a microcrystalline magnetic voltage regulator composite structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic reset circuit is connected in parallel to the output terminal of the secondary winding. The magnetic reset circuit includes a reset resistor and a reset switch connected in series. The conduction and cutoff of the reset switch are controlled by the error signal. When the reset switch is on, the secondary winding forms a current loop through the reset resistor to realize the reset of the microcrystalline magnetic core.

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