An implantable bidirectional optical communication system and method of construction thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an implantable bidirectional optical communication system and a construction method thereof. The construction method comprises the following steps: taking multiple different ex vivo tissues with different preset thicknesses as penetration media, respectively performing optical penetration experiments by using multiple different candidate light sources, and determining a working light source from the multiple candidate light sources according to experimental results of the optical penetration experiments; forming a light emitting module and a light receiving module based on the working light source, integrally packaging the light emitting module and the light receiving module, and manufacturing a miniature implantable optoelectronic device; constructing an implantable bidirectional communication link based on the miniature implantable optoelectronic device; testing communication performance and thermal safety of the implantable bidirectional communication link, and obtaining communication performance parameters and thermal safety parameters in an implanted state; determining a safe operation interval based on the communication performance parameters and the thermal safety parameters, and controlling the system to operate in the safe operation interval. The application realizes high-speed, bidirectional and safe implantable optical communication through experimental screening of light sources and multi-target collaborative optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of implantable medical device technology, and in particular to an implantable bidirectional optical communication system and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is a core technology for next-generation human-computer interaction, with revolutionary application prospects in the treatment of neurological diseases, intelligent prosthetic control, and brain science research. Among them, implantable BCIs, with their core advantages of acquiring neural signals with high signal-to-noise ratio and high spatiotemporal resolution, have become a key technological path for realizing fine motor control and closed-loop neural modulation.

[0003] However, implantable brain-computer interface (BCI) devices in clinical settings require the simultaneous transmission of hundreds of neural signals, corresponding to data rates exceeding 100 megabits per second. Currently, various traditional transmission methods have significant shortcomings and defects: wired transmission relies on percutaneous cables, which not only carries a high risk of wound infection but also severely restricts the patient's limb movement, making it extremely impractical; traditional radio frequency (RF) transmission methods such as Bluetooth and custom RF are affected by the electromagnetic shielding effect of human biological tissues, resulting in transmission rates of only 1-2 Mbps, failing to meet the demands of high-speed data transmission, or consuming over 100 mW, easily causing thermal damage to brain tissue and posing significant safety hazards; near-field transmission and ultrasound transmission methods suffer from problems such as excessively short transmission distances and severe signal distortion after transcranial transmission, making them unsuitable for the actual working scenarios of implantable BCIs. Furthermore, existing implantable communication solutions are mostly unidirectional (only uploading neural signals), unable to meet the bidirectional communication requirements of closed-loop BCIs for real-time feedback stimulation.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to develop light sources suitable for implantation in biological environments, and to conduct systematic solution design and performance verification in combination with the optical characteristics of biological tissues, so as to overcome the difficulties in the implementation of implantable wireless optical communication technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an implantable bidirectional optical communication system and its construction method to solve the problems of low transmission rate, inability to communicate bidirectionally, and insufficient security of existing implantable communication solutions. Through experimental screening of light sources and multi-target collaborative optimization, high-speed, bidirectional, and secure implantable optical communication is achieved.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system is provided, comprising: Using multiple ex vivo tissues of different preset thicknesses as the penetration medium, light transmission experiments were conducted using multiple different candidate light sources, and the working light source was determined from the multiple candidate light sources based on the experimental results of the light transmission experiments; wherein, the candidate light source includes candidate light-emitting devices and candidate wavelengths; A light emitting module and a light receiving module are formed based on the working light source, and the light emitting module and the light receiving module are encapsulated as a whole to make a miniature implantable optoelectronic device; Based on the aforementioned micro-implantable optoelectronic device, an implantable bidirectional communication link is constructed; the bidirectional communication link includes an uplink data transmission link from inside the body to outside the body and a downlink command transmission link from outside the body to inside the body. The implanted bidirectional communication link was subjected to communication performance and thermal safety tests to obtain communication performance parameters and thermal safety parameters under implantation conditions. The safe operating range is determined based on the communication performance parameters and the thermal safety parameters, and the implanted bidirectional optical communication system is controlled to operate within the safe operating range.

[0007] Optionally, before constructing the implantable bidirectional communication link based on the micro-implantable optoelectronic device, the method further includes: The micro implantable optoelectronic device was placed in a free space environment to test its communication performance and obtain the baseline communication performance parameters under conditions without interference from biological tissue. Determining a safe operating range based on the communication performance parameters and the thermal safety parameters includes: The safe operating range is determined based on the baseline communication performance parameters, the communication performance parameters in the implantation state, and the thermal safety parameters.

[0008] Optionally, the candidate light-emitting device includes at least one of mini-LED, micro-LED, and vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser.

[0009] Optionally, the candidate wavelengths include wavelengths from the red light band to the near-infrared band.

[0010] Optionally, multiple ex vivo tissues of different preset thicknesses are used as the penetration medium, and multiple different candidate light sources are used to conduct light transmission experiments. Based on the experimental results of the light transmission experiments, the working light source is determined from the multiple candidate light sources, including: Using an optical testing platform, multiple candidate light sources were used to irradiate multiple ex vivo tissue slices of different preset thicknesses to obtain light transmittance, optical power attenuation characteristics, and communication error rate under each test condition. Based on the comparison results of the light transmittance, light power attenuation characteristics and communication error rate under each test condition, a working light source is selected from multiple different candidate light sources.

[0011] Optionally, the optical transmitting module and the optical receiving module are integrally packaged, including: The light emitting module and the light receiving module are encapsulated using medical-grade biocompatible materials.

[0012] Optionally, a light emitting module and a light receiving module are formed based on the working light source, including: A light emitting module is formed based on the working light source and the matching driving circuit, and a light receiving module is formed based on a detector whose wavelength matches that of the working light source.

[0013] Optionally, the implanted bidirectional communication link is subjected to communication performance testing and thermal safety testing to obtain communication performance parameters and thermal safety parameters in the implanted state, including: Under different driving power conditions, the bit error rate and transmission rate of the implantable bidirectional communication link were tested to obtain communication performance parameters. At the same time, the tissue temperature of the implantation area was monitored in real time to obtain thermal safety parameters. The thermal safety parameters include the tissue temperature rise value of the implantation area.

[0014] Optionally, the safe operating range is determined based on the baseline communication performance parameters, the communication performance parameters in the implanted state, and the thermal safety parameters, including: Based on the baseline communication performance parameters, the communication performance parameters in the implantation state, and the thermal safety parameters, a correspondence is established between tissue thickness, driving power, data rate, bit error rate, and tissue temperature rise. According to the correspondence, the operating range in which the bit error rate does not exceed the forward error correction limit and the tissue temperature rise does not exceed the preset safety threshold is determined as the safe operating range.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an implantable bidirectional optical communication system, comprising: A miniature implantable optoelectronic device includes a light emitting module and a light receiving module; the light emitting module includes a working light source; wherein the working light source is determined by the construction method of the implantable bidirectional optical communication system described above. A bidirectional communication link is constructed based on the aforementioned micro-implantable optoelectronic device; the bidirectional communication link includes an uplink data transmission link from inside the body to outside the body and a downlink command transmission link from outside the body to inside the body; The control module is configured to control the implantable bidirectional optical communication system to operate within a safe operating range; wherein the safe operating range is determined according to the construction method of the implantable bidirectional optical communication system described above.

[0016] This invention uses multiple ex vivo tissues of varying predetermined thicknesses as penetration media and conducts light penetration experiments with multiple candidate light sources, including candidate light-emitting devices and candidate wavelengths. Based on the experimental results, a working light source is determined from the candidate light sources. Then, a light-emitting module and a light-receiving module are formed based on the working light source, and these modules are encapsulated to create a miniature implantable optoelectronic device. Subsequently, based on this miniature implantable optoelectronic device, an implantable bidirectional communication link is constructed, including an uplink data transmission link from inside the body to outside the body and a downlink command transmission link from outside the body to inside the body. The communication performance and thermal safety of the implantable bidirectional communication link are then tested to obtain implantable... The system analyzes the communication performance parameters and thermal safety parameters under the input state, and finally determines the safe operating range based on these parameters. It then controls the implantable bidirectional optical communication system to operate within this safe operating range. This allows the implantable bidirectional optical communication system to adapt to the optical characteristics of biological tissues and the requirements for low power consumption during the light source selection stage. Through bidirectional link architecture and multi-objective collaborative optimization, it solves the technical challenge of balancing transmission rate, bidirectional interaction, and biological safety in implantable communication, providing a complete solution for closed-loop brain-computer interfaces. Simultaneously, it ensures stable and reliable operation of the implantable bidirectional optical communication system within the safe operating range while guaranteeing high-speed data transmission and tissue thermal safety.

[0017] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the implanted bidirectional communication link provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the implantable bidirectional optical communication system provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0022] Example 1 Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. This embodiment provides a method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system, referencing... Figure 1 As shown, the method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system provided in this embodiment includes: S110. Using multiple ex vivo tissues of different preset thicknesses as the penetration medium, conduct light penetration experiments using multiple different candidate light sources, and determine the working light source from the multiple candidate light sources based on the experimental results of the light penetration experiments.

[0023] Among them, ex vivo tissue refers to biological tissue samples taken from a living organism for in vitro experiments. It is used to simulate the transmission environment of light signals within a living organism and to test light penetration characteristics without involving in vivo experiments. Multiple preset thicknesses refer to multiple thickness values ​​of ex vivo tissue set in advance before the experiment, used to simulate the thickness of biological tissue that light signals need to penetrate at different implantation depths.

[0024] The light penetration experiment refers to a systematic experiment that uses ex vivo tissue as the penetration medium to test the light power attenuation and communication performance of different candidate light sources after passing through ex vivo tissue of different thicknesses. The experimental results of the light penetration experiment refer to the test data obtained. The working light source refers to the optimal light source determined through the light penetration experiment. Specifically, the optimal light-emitting device selected from candidate light-emitting devices is used as the working light-emitting device, and the optimal wavelength selected from candidate wavelengths is used as the working wavelength. This combination of the working light-emitting device and the working wavelength constitutes the working light source, which is the core basis for the subsequent construction of the light emission module.

[0025] Candidate light sources refer to the set of light sources used as test objects in light transmission experiments. Candidate light sources include candidate light-emitting devices and candidate wavelengths.

[0026] Candidate light-emitting devices refer to the set of light-emitting devices selected in the light transmission experiment. In an optional embodiment, candidate light-emitting devices may include, but are not limited to, at least one of mini-LEDs, micro-LEDs, and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Mini-LEDs or micro-LEDs are characterized by their small chip size, moderate single-chip power, low cost, and wide beam width; vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers are characterized by high speed, low divergence angle, strong energy concentration, extremely high modulation bandwidth, and excellent electro-optical conversion efficiency. Since different candidate light-emitting devices have different electro-optical conversion efficiencies, a light source with higher electro-optical conversion efficiency can be selected from the candidate light-emitting devices and used as the working light-emitting device. This allows for lower driving voltage and driving current at the same output power, thereby reducing system power consumption at the source.

[0027] Candidate wavelengths refer to the set of light wavelengths selected in the light transmission experiment. In an optional embodiment, candidate wavelengths may include, but are not limited to, wavelengths in the red to near-infrared band, such as 665nm, 808nm, 850nm, and 940nm. Since different wavelengths have different penetration rates to biological tissues, by determining the wavelengths with higher penetration rates to biological tissues from the candidate wavelengths, the most suitable wavelengths that can penetrate biological tissues are selected, thereby achieving effective transmission of light signals.

[0028] Specifically, in the light transmission experiment, multiple ex vivo tissues of different preset thicknesses can be used as the transmission medium. Multiple candidate light sources with different light-emitting device types and wavelengths are then used to irradiate these ex vivo tissues of varying thicknesses. Under each test condition, a systematic experiment on optical power attenuation and communication performance is conducted. Using a unified testing standard, the candidate light source corresponding to the experimental results showing the highest light transmittance, lowest optical power attenuation, and lowest communication error rate is determined as the working light source.

[0029] S120. Based on the working light source, a light emitting module and a light receiving module are formed, and the light emitting module and the light receiving module are packaged as a whole to make a miniature implantable optoelectronic device.

[0030] The optical emitting module refers to a structure used to convert an electrical signal to be transmitted into an optical signal and emit the optical signal towards a target direction. In an optional embodiment, the optical emitting module includes at least a working light source and its corresponding driving circuit. The optical receiving module refers to a structure used to convert the received optical signal into an electrical signal and output it. In an optional embodiment, the optical receiving module includes at least a detector matching the wavelength of the working light source and its corresponding signal processing circuit. Integrating the optical emitting module and the optical receiving module into a single package refers to fabricating a miniature implantable optoelectronic device. A miniature implantable optoelectronic device refers to a miniaturized device with optical signal transmission and reception capabilities, miniaturized size to fit the implantation space, and biocompatible packaging material to ensure long-term implantation safety.

[0031] S130. Based on micro-implantable optoelectronic devices, construct an implantable bidirectional communication link.

[0032] The bidirectional communication link includes an uplink data transmission link from inside the body to outside and a downlink command transmission link from outside the body to inside. The uplink data transmission link is a directional link for transmitting data from inside the body to outside. The implanted light-emitting module emits data such as neural signals as light signals, which are received by the external light-receiving module after penetrating biological tissue. The downlink command transmission link is a directional link for transmitting data from outside the body to inside. The external light-emitting module emits control commands as light signals, which are received by the implanted light-receiving module after penetrating biological tissue.

[0033] Specifically, based on micro-implantable optoelectronic devices, an uplink data transmission link and a downlink transmission link are constructed. The uplink data transmission link consists of a light emitting module of the micro-implantable optoelectronic device implanted in the subcutaneous or muscle tissue of the organism and a light receiving module deployed at a corresponding position outside the body, so as to realize wireless transmission of data from inside the body to outside the body. The downlink command transmission link consists of a light receiving module of the micro-implantable optoelectronic device implanted in the subcutaneous or muscle tissue of the organism and a light emitting module deployed outside the body, so as to realize wireless transmission of commands from outside the body to inside the body.

[0034] In one optional embodiment, at the communication modulation and coding level, mainstream modulation methods such as on-off keying (OOK) or four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) can be used, which can effectively suppress channel noise, stabilize the system bit error rate below the forward error correction limit, and ensure communication quality. In addition, compared with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), the modulation and demodulation circuit is greatly simplified, which can reduce switching losses and help reduce the power consumption of the system.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the embedded bidirectional communication link provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In an optional embodiment, refer to... Figure 2 The implantable bidirectional communication link includes an uplink data transmission link 10 from inside the body to outside the body and a downlink command transmission link 20 from outside the body to inside the body. The uplink data transmission link 10 includes a light emitting module 11 implanted in biological tissue and a light receiving module 12 placed outside the body. The downlink command transmission link 20 includes a light emitting module 21 placed outside the body and a light receiving module 22 implanted in biological tissue. The light emitting module 11 and the light receiving module 22 implanted in biological tissue are integrally encapsulated.

[0036] S140. Perform communication performance testing and thermal safety testing on the implanted bidirectional communication link to obtain communication performance parameters and thermal safety parameters in the implanted state.

[0037] Communication performance testing refers to the process of quantifying the data transmission quality of the implanted bidirectional communication link. Communication performance parameters refer to the index parameters used to quantify and characterize communication quality. In an optional embodiment, communication performance testing may include, but is not limited to, bit error rate testing and transmission rate testing, and communication performance parameters may include, but are not limited to, the bit error rate and data transmission rate. Thermal safety testing refers to the process of quantifying the bio-thermal safety of the implanted bidirectional communication link during operation. It assesses the risk of thermal damage by monitoring the tissue temperature of the implantation area. Thermal safety parameters refer to the index parameters used to quantify and characterize bio-thermal safety. In an optional embodiment, thermal safety testing may include, but is not limited to, detecting the tissue temperature of the implantation area, and thermal safety parameters may include, but are not limited to, the tissue temperature rise value of the implantation area.

[0038] S150. Determine the safe operating range based on communication performance parameters and thermal safety parameters, and control the implanted bidirectional optical communication system to operate within the safe operating range.

[0039] The safe operating range refers to the allowable range of values ​​for each operating parameter of the implanted bidirectional optical communication system. Within the safe operating range, both communication performance and thermal safety performance meet the requirements.

[0040] Specifically, communication performance parameters define the performance boundary for normal system operation, while thermal safety parameters define the thermal safety boundary of the system. The intersection of the two constitutes the safe operating range of the system, i.e., the safe operating interval.

[0041] Specifically, after constructing the implantable bidirectional communication link, communication performance and thermal safety tests are conducted on the implantable bidirectional communication link to obtain communication performance parameters and thermal safety parameters in the implanted state. The intersection of the communication performance parameters and thermal safety parameters constitutes the safe operating range of the system, i.e., the safe operating interval. The implantable bidirectional optical communication system is controlled to operate within the safe operating interval, thereby ensuring that the system does not damage biological tissue while meeting communication performance requirements.

[0042] In this embodiment, using multiple ex vivo tissues of different preset thicknesses as penetration media, light penetration experiments are conducted using multiple candidate light sources, including candidate light-emitting devices and candidate wavelengths. Based on the experimental results, a working light source is determined from the candidate light sources. Then, a light emitting module and a light receiving module are formed based on the working light source, and the light emitting module and the light receiving module are encapsulated as a whole to fabricate a miniature implantable optoelectronic device. Subsequently, based on the miniature implantable optoelectronic device, an implantable bidirectional communication link is constructed, including an uplink data transmission link from inside the body to outside the body and a downlink command transmission link from outside the body to inside the body. The communication performance and thermal safety of the implantable bidirectional communication link are then tested to obtain... The communication performance and thermal safety parameters under implantation conditions are collected, and a safe operating range is determined based on these parameters. The implantable bidirectional optical communication system is then controlled to operate within this safe operating range. This allows the implantable bidirectional optical communication system to adapt to the optical characteristics of biological tissues and the requirements for low power consumption during the light source selection stage. Through bidirectional link architecture and multi-objective collaborative optimization, the technical challenge of balancing transmission rate, bidirectional interaction, and biological safety in implantable communication is solved, providing a complete solution for closed-loop brain-computer interfaces. At the same time, while ensuring high-speed data transmission and tissue thermal safety, the implantable bidirectional optical communication system achieves stable and reliable operation within the safe operating range.

[0043] Example 2 Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. This embodiment further defines the method for constructing the implantable bidirectional optical communication system based on the above embodiments. (See reference...) Figure 3 As shown, the method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system provided in this embodiment includes: S210. Using multiple ex vivo tissues of different preset thicknesses as the penetration medium, conduct light penetration experiments using multiple different candidate light sources, and determine the working light source from the multiple candidate light sources based on the experimental results of the light penetration experiments.

[0044] Among them, candidate light sources include candidate light-emitting devices and candidate wavelengths.

[0045] In one alternative embodiment, the candidate light-emitting device includes at least one of mini-LED, micro-LED, and vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser.

[0046] In one alternative embodiment, the candidate wavelengths include wavelengths from the red light band to the near-infrared band.

[0047] S220: Based on the working light source, a light emitting module and a light receiving module are formed, and the light emitting module and the light receiving module are packaged as a whole to make a miniature implantable optoelectronic device.

[0048] S230. Place the miniature implantable optoelectronic device in a free space environment to test its communication performance and obtain the baseline communication performance parameters under conditions without interference from biological tissue.

[0049] In this context, "free space environment" refers to an open space environment (such as an air environment) where no biological tissue serves as the transmission medium. In a free space environment, optical signals do not experience absorption and scattering attenuation caused by biological tissue. "Reference communication performance parameters" refer to communication performance parameters measured in a free space environment without interference from biological tissue. In one optional embodiment, the reference communication performance parameters include, but are not limited to, a reference bit error rate and a reference transmission rate.

[0050] Specifically, the light emitting module and light receiving module of the micro implantable optoelectronic device are arranged relative to each other in the air at a preset distance (e.g., a distance corresponding to the subsequent implantation depth), and communication performance is tested under different working conditions. The benchmark communication performance parameters in the free space environment are obtained as a reference benchmark for subsequent in vivo implantation tests.

[0051] S240. Based on micro-implantable optoelectronic devices, an implantable bidirectional communication link is constructed.

[0052] The bidirectional communication link includes an uplink data transmission link from inside the body to outside the body and a downlink command transmission link from outside the body to inside the body.

[0053] S250. Perform communication performance and thermal safety tests on the implanted bidirectional communication link to obtain communication performance parameters and thermal safety parameters in the implanted state.

[0054] S260. Based on the baseline communication performance parameters, the communication performance parameters and thermal safety parameters in the implanted state, determine the safe operating range and control the implanted bidirectional optical communication system to operate within the safe operating range.

[0055] Specifically, the baseline communication performance parameters provide the optimal performance of the same system in a free-space environment as a zero-attenuation reference. By comparing these parameters with measured data under implanted conditions, the performance degradation caused by biological tissue interference can be quantitatively calculated. This allows the system to accurately determine whether the deterioration in the bit error rate is primarily due to biological tissue attenuation or insufficient system performance. This provides a quantitative basis for setting safety margins, avoiding overly conservative or overly aggressive approaches that might result from relying solely on experience. For the system to operate normally, it must simultaneously satisfy the intersection of communication performance parameters and thermal safety parameters, which constitute the system's safe operating range. The baseline communication performance parameters provide a zero-attenuation reference point for the precise delineation of this range, improving the accuracy of the safe operating range and ensuring the operational safety of the implantable bidirectional optical communication system.

[0056] In this embodiment, by adding a free space benchmark test step before constructing the bidirectional communication link, benchmark communication performance parameters under conditions without biological tissue interference are obtained. Based on the benchmark communication performance parameters, communication performance parameters in the implanted state, and thermal safety parameters, the safe operating range is determined. This upgrades the determination of the safe operating range from relying on empirical estimation to precise calculation based on measured attenuation, thereby improving the reliability of the implantable bidirectional optical communication system and further ensuring the operational safety of the implantable bidirectional optical communication system.

[0057] Example 3 Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. This embodiment further defines the method for constructing the implantable bidirectional optical communication system based on the above embodiments. (See reference...) Figure 4 As shown, the method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system provided in this embodiment includes: S310. Using an optical testing platform, multiple candidate light sources are used to irradiate multiple ex vivo tissue slices of different preset thicknesses to obtain the light transmittance, optical power attenuation characteristics, and communication error rate under each test condition.

[0058] In one alternative embodiment, the candidate light-emitting device includes at least one of mini-LED, micro-LED, and vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser.

[0059] In one alternative embodiment, the candidate wavelengths include wavelengths from the red light band to the near-infrared band.

[0060] S320. Based on the comparison results of light transmittance, optical power attenuation characteristics and communication error rate under various test conditions, the working light source is selected from multiple candidate light sources.

[0061] Specifically, ex vivo biological tissues of different preset thicknesses were placed in the fixture of an optical testing platform. Multiple candidate light sources were sequentially aimed at the ex vivo biological tissues for irradiation. Under each combination of candidate light source and ex vivo biological tissue thickness, light transmittance, optical power attenuation characteristics, and communication error rate were measured. The test data under each test condition were compared according to a unified standard. Under the same ex vivo biological tissue thickness, higher light transmittance and lower optical power attenuation were better. Under the same tissue thickness and the same driving power, lower error rate was better. By comprehensively considering the above three indicators, the candidate light source corresponding to the highest transmittance, lowest attenuation, and lowest error rate was determined as the working light source.

[0062] S330 consists of a light emitting module formed by a working light source and a matching driving circuit, and a light receiving module formed by a detector with a wavelength matched to the working light source. The light emitting module and the light receiving module are encapsulated as a whole using medical-grade biocompatible materials to create a miniature implantable optoelectronic device.

[0063] The matching drive circuit refers to a drive circuit that matches the type of working light source, thereby providing a stable bias current and modulation signal for the light-emitting devices in the working light source. Different light source types have different electrical characteristics, requiring corresponding drive circuits to achieve optimal operating conditions. The detector whose wavelength matches the working light source refers to a detector whose peak response wavelength is the same as or substantially the same as the emission wavelength of the working light source, thus ensuring that the detector has the highest responsivity and signal-to-noise ratio at the working wavelength. In an optional embodiment, an avalanche photodiode (APD) is used as the detector, utilizing its internal gain characteristics to improve receiving sensitivity.

[0064] Medical-grade biocompatible materials refer to encapsulation materials that meet biomedical material standards and do not cause significant immune rejection, inflammatory or toxic reactions after implantation into a living organism. These materials may include, but are not limited to, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), parylene, and medical-grade epoxy resin.

[0065] S340. Place the miniature implantable optoelectronic device in a free space environment to test its communication performance and obtain the baseline communication performance parameters under conditions without interference from biological tissue.

[0066] S350, based on micro implantable optoelectronic devices, constructs an implantable bidirectional communication link.

[0067] The bidirectional communication link includes an uplink data transmission link from inside the body to outside the body and a downlink command transmission link from outside the body to inside the body.

[0068] The S360, under different driving power conditions, tests the bit error rate and transmission rate of the implantable bidirectional communication link to obtain communication performance parameters, and simultaneously monitors the tissue temperature of the implantation area in real time to obtain thermal safety parameters.

[0069] Among them, thermal safety parameters include the tissue temperature rise value of the implantation area.

[0070] Specifically, under in vivo implantation conditions, multiple different drive powers are pre-set, covering an operating range from low to high power. Each preset drive power should have sufficient differentiation to accurately reflect the impact of drive power variations on communication performance and thermal safety. Under each drive power condition, a test signal is sent to the implantable bidirectional communication link at a preset data rate. The signal is simultaneously received and demodulated at the receiving end, and the ratio of erroneous bits to total transmitted bits is calculated to obtain the bit error rate under that condition; the actual transmission rate under that condition is also recorded. By traversing all preset drive power conditions, complete data on communication performance parameters as a function of drive power is obtained. Simultaneously, using temperature measuring devices such as miniature thermocouples or infrared thermal imagers, the tissue temperature in the implantation area is continuously monitored in real time. The tissue temperature value under each drive power condition is recorded, and the pre-implantation basal body temperature (or baseline temperature before power is applied) is subtracted to obtain the tissue temperature rise value under each test condition, which serves as a thermal safety parameter.

[0071] S370: Based on the baseline communication performance parameters, communication performance parameters and thermal safety parameters in the implanted state, establish the correspondence between tissue thickness, driving power, data rate, bit error rate and tissue temperature rise value. According to the correspondence, the working condition range in which the bit error rate does not exceed the forward error correction limit and the tissue temperature rise value does not exceed the preset safety threshold is determined as the safe operating range, and the implanted bidirectional optical communication system is controlled to operate within the safe operating range.

[0072] The forward error correction limit refers to the maximum bit error rate threshold allowed by the system to correct errors when using forward error correction coding. When the bit error rate is lower than the maximum bit error rate threshold, the optical receiving module can completely recover the original data through error correction coding. The preset safety threshold refers to the maximum allowable upper limit of the local tissue temperature rise in the implantation area. This preset safety threshold is determined based on the thermal tolerance characteristics of biological tissues. When the tissue temperature rise does not exceed this threshold, it can be ensured that the system operation will not cause thermal damage.

[0073] Specifically, for each tissue thickness, the bit error rate (BER) and tissue temperature rise are recorded under different combinations of drive power and data rate, thus establishing a correspondence between tissue thickness, drive power, data rate, BER, and tissue temperature rise. Using forward error correction limits and preset safety thresholds as constraints, a set of operating points that simultaneously satisfy both constraints is selected from the above correspondence; this set constitutes the safe operating range. Within this range, the system's BER can be corrected by forward error correction coding, and the tissue temperature rise remains within a safe range. During actual system operation, the control module limits operating parameters such as drive power and data rate to the range corresponding to the safe operating range, monitors the BER and tissue temperature rise in real time, and ensures that the system always operates within the safe operating range, simultaneously meeting communication performance requirements and biological thermal safety requirements.

[0074] In this embodiment, an optical testing platform is used to irradiate multiple ex vivo tissue slices of different preset thicknesses with multiple candidate light sources. The light transmittance, optical power attenuation characteristics, and communication error rate under each test condition are obtained. Based on the comparison results of light transmittance, optical power attenuation characteristics, and communication error rate under each test condition, a working light source is selected from the multiple candidate light sources, which can further improve the accuracy of the determined working light source. A light emitting module is formed based on the working light source and its supporting driving circuit, and a light receiving module is formed based on a detector with wavelength matched to the working light source. The light emitting module and the light receiving module are encapsulated using medical-grade biocompatible materials to create a miniature implantable optoelectronic device, ensuring the long-term biosafety of the miniature implantable optoelectronic device. Operational reliability: By testing the bit error rate and transmission rate of the implantable bidirectional communication link under different driving power conditions, communication performance parameters are obtained. At the same time, the tissue temperature in the implantation area is monitored in real time to obtain thermal safety parameters. Based on the baseline communication performance parameters, the communication performance parameters under implantation status, and the thermal safety parameters, a correspondence between tissue thickness, driving power, data rate, bit error rate, and tissue temperature rise is established. According to the correspondence, the operating range in which the bit error rate does not exceed the forward error correction limit and the tissue temperature rise does not exceed the preset safety threshold is determined as the safe operating range. The implantable bidirectional optical communication system is controlled to operate within the safe operating range, thereby improving the accuracy of the safe operating range and ensuring that the system operates stably under the dual protection of communication performance and biological thermal safety throughout its entire life cycle.

[0075] Example 4 Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the implantable bidirectional optical communication system provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. This embodiment provides an implantable bidirectional optical communication system, see reference... Figure 5The implantable bidirectional optical communication system provided in this embodiment includes: a miniature implantable optoelectronic device 100, a bidirectional communication link 200, and a control module (not shown in the figure); the miniature implantable optoelectronic device 100 includes a light emitting module 11 and a light receiving module 22, and the light emitting module 11 includes a working light source a; the bidirectional communication link 200 is constructed based on the miniature implantable optoelectronic device 100, and the bidirectional communication link 200 includes an uplink data transmission link 10 from inside the body to outside the body and a downlink command transmission link 20 from outside the body to inside the body, wherein the uplink data transmission link 10 includes a light emitting module 11 implanted in biological tissue and a light receiving module 12 placed outside the body, and the downlink command transmission link 20 includes a light emitting module 21 placed outside the body and a light receiving module 22 implanted in biological tissue; the control module is configured to control the implantable bidirectional optical communication system to operate within a safe operating range.

[0076] The working light source 'a' is determined by the construction method of the implantable bidirectional optical communication system provided in any embodiment of the present invention. The safe operating range is determined by the construction method of the implantable bidirectional optical communication system provided in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0077] Therefore, the implantable bidirectional optical communication system provided in this embodiment can adapt to the optical characteristics of biological tissues and the requirements of low power consumption. Through bidirectional link architecture and multi-objective collaborative optimization, it solves the technical problem of balancing transmission rate, bidirectional interaction and biological safety in implantable communication. Under the premise of ensuring high-speed data transmission and tissue thermal safety, it realizes the stable and reliable operation of the implantable bidirectional optical communication system within the safe operating range.

[0078] In one alternative embodiment, the light-emitting device of the working light source includes a mini-LED, a micro-LED, or a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, and the wavelength of the working light source includes wavelengths from the red light band to the near-infrared band.

[0079] In one optional embodiment, the micro-implantable optoelectronic device is encapsulated with medical-grade biocompatible materials, thereby ensuring the long-term biosafety and operational reliability of the micro-implantable optoelectronic device.

[0080] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system, characterized in that, include: Using multiple ex vivo tissues of different preset thicknesses as the penetration medium, light transmission experiments were conducted using multiple different candidate light sources, and the working light source was determined from the multiple candidate light sources based on the experimental results of the light transmission experiments; wherein, the candidate light source includes candidate light-emitting devices and candidate wavelengths; A light emitting module and a light receiving module are formed based on the working light source, and the light emitting module and the light receiving module are encapsulated as a whole to make a miniature implantable optoelectronic device; Based on the aforementioned micro-implantable optoelectronic device, an implantable bidirectional communication link is constructed; the bidirectional communication link includes an uplink data transmission link from inside the body to outside the body and a downlink command transmission link from outside the body to inside the body. The implanted bidirectional communication link was subjected to communication performance and thermal safety tests to obtain communication performance parameters and thermal safety parameters under implantation conditions. The safe operating range is determined based on the communication performance parameters and the thermal safety parameters, and the implanted bidirectional optical communication system is controlled to operate within the safe operating range.

2. The method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before constructing an implantable bidirectional communication link based on the aforementioned micro-implantable optoelectronic device, the following steps are also included: The micro implantable optoelectronic device was placed in a free space environment to test its communication performance and obtain the baseline communication performance parameters under conditions without interference from biological tissue. Determining a safe operating range based on the communication performance parameters and the thermal safety parameters includes: The safe operating range is determined based on the baseline communication performance parameters, the communication performance parameters in the implantation state, and the thermal safety parameters.

3. The method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The candidate light-emitting devices include at least one of mini-LED, micro-LED, and vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser.

4. The method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The candidate wavelengths include wavelengths from the red light band to the near-infrared band.

5. The method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Using multiple ex vivo tissues of different preset thicknesses as the penetration medium, light transmission experiments were conducted using multiple different candidate light sources. Based on the experimental results of these light transmission experiments, a working light source was determined from among the candidate light sources, including: Using an optical testing platform, multiple candidate light sources were used to irradiate multiple ex vivo tissue slices of different preset thicknesses to obtain light transmittance, optical power attenuation characteristics, and communication error rate under each test condition. Based on the comparison results of the light transmittance, light power attenuation characteristics and communication error rate under each test condition, a working light source is selected from multiple different candidate light sources.

6. The method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The optical transmitting module and the optical receiving module are integrally packaged, including: The light emitting module and the light receiving module are encapsulated using medical-grade biocompatible materials.

7. The method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Based on the working light source, a light emitting module and a light receiving module are formed, including: A light emitting module is formed based on the working light source and the matching driving circuit, and a light receiving module is formed based on a detector whose wavelength matches that of the working light source.

8. The method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implanted bidirectional communication link is subjected to communication performance testing and thermal safety testing to obtain communication performance parameters and thermal safety parameters in the implanted state, including: Under different driving power conditions, the bit error rate and transmission rate of the implantable bidirectional communication link were tested to obtain communication performance parameters. At the same time, the tissue temperature of the implantation area was monitored in real time to obtain thermal safety parameters. The thermal safety parameters include the tissue temperature rise value of the implantation area.

9. The method for constructing an implantable bidirectional optical communication system according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the baseline communication performance parameters, the communication performance parameters in the implanted state, and the thermal safety parameters, the safe operating range is determined, including: Based on the baseline communication performance parameters, the communication performance parameters in the implantation state, and the thermal safety parameters, a correspondence is established between tissue thickness, driving power, data rate, bit error rate, and tissue temperature rise. According to the correspondence, the operating range in which the bit error rate does not exceed the forward error correction limit and the tissue temperature rise does not exceed the preset safety threshold is determined as the safe operating range.

10. An implantable bidirectional optical communication system, characterized in that, include: Miniature implantable optoelectronic devices, including light emitting modules and light receiving modules; The optical emitting module includes a working light source; wherein the working light source is determined by the construction method of the implantable bidirectional optical communication system according to any one of claims 1-9; A bidirectional communication link is constructed based on the aforementioned micro-implantable optoelectronic device; the bidirectional communication link includes an uplink data transmission link from inside the body to outside the body and a downlink command transmission link from outside the body to inside the body; A control module is configured to control the implantable bidirectional optical communication system to operate within a safe operating range; wherein the safe operating range is determined by the construction method of the implantable bidirectional optical communication system according to any one of claims 1-9.

Images