A multi-interface master-slave module testing device and testing method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of multi-interface master standby module testing device and testing method thereof, belong to module testing technical field, including master control backplane and test fixture.Master control backplane provides unified power distribution and multiple types of connectors, realize the connection of test fixture and external measured master, standby module.Network switching circuit and isolated CAN transceiver are included in test fixture, single-chip microcomputer control circuit, state indicating unit, USB-HUB circuit, can build the unified test passage of network interface, CAN interface, serial interface, and master standby module network interface switching test is realized by network switching circuit.The method includes test preparation, power supply initialization, multi-interface synchronous test, master standby module switching test, data processing and judgment, realize the multi-interface test and data acquisition of master standby module.The application has the advantages of high integration, master standby switching flexibility, strong power safety, convenient operation, accurate data traceability, etc., suitable for the testing needs of multiple types of master standby module in industrial scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of module testing technology, specifically relating to a multi-interface primary / backup module testing device and method. This device is suitable for applications such as industrial control and intelligent devices that require simultaneous testing of primary and backup modules, multi-interface integrated testing, and have high requirements for interface switching flexibility, power supply security, and testing efficiency. Background Technology

[0002] In industrial control systems, intelligent devices, and other applications with high reliability requirements, core functional modules typically employ a primary / backup redundancy structure. This ensures that if the primary module fails, the backup module can quickly take over, thereby guaranteeing continuous and stable system operation. Before being put into use, the primary and backup modules usually undergo comprehensive interface performance testing and communication stability verification. The quality of these tests directly impacts the overall reliability and security of the system.

[0003] First, the existing testing methods for primary and backup modules are generally quite decentralized, usually requiring separate test fixtures for the primary and backup modules. Testers need to frequently change fixtures and repeatedly connect interfaces during the testing process, which is not only cumbersome and inefficient, but also prone to damage to modules or connectors due to repeated plugging and unplugging of interfaces, increasing testing costs and maintenance difficulty.

[0004] Secondly, most traditional test fixtures only support single-module testing, making it difficult to achieve synchronous testing and comparative verification of primary and backup modules, thus failing to meet the needs of collaborative testing of primary and backup modules. Furthermore, existing test equipment has a relatively simple interface switching method, typically requiring switching only through fixed hardware methods, making it impossible to flexibly select manual or automatic switching modes according to different test scenarios, resulting in a lack of adaptability in the testing process.

[0005] Furthermore, the integration level of multi-interface testing is generally low. Interfaces such as Ethernet ports, CAN ports, and serial ports often need to be connected to different test devices, requiring testers to switch between multiple devices, making the testing process complex and prone to errors. In addition, existing testing equipment generally lacks a visual feedback mechanism for interface status, failing to reflect the communication status of each interface in real time, which is not conducive to quickly locating test anomalies and affects testing efficiency and accuracy.

[0006] Finally, traditional test fixtures generally lack effective reverse connection and transient overvoltage protection mechanisms. Reverse power connection or surge voltage can easily damage the test fixture, main / backup modules, or external test equipment, resulting in low reliability. Furthermore, multi-serial port testing typically uses multiple interface pins, which can easily lead to serial port identification confusion and data conflicts, affecting the accuracy of test data and the smoothness of the test process.

[0007] Based on the above problems, there is an urgent need for a test fixture and test method that can realize synchronous testing of main and backup modules, multi-interface integrated testing, support flexible switching, have reliable power supply protection, and be easy to operate, so as to solve the shortcomings of the existing technology and improve testing efficiency, accuracy and reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the issues of low efficiency in multi-interface testing, complex verification of primary / backup module switching, and dispersed interface data acquisition links, this invention proposes a multi-interface primary / backup module testing device and its testing method. By constructing a unified backplane interconnection structure and test fixture functional modules, it enables centralized testing of multiple types of communication interfaces and verification of primary / backup module switching.

[0009] To achieve the above objective, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: it includes a main control backplane and a test fixture; the main control backplane is provided with multiple interconnected connectors for realizing power distribution between the test fixture and the external main module and backup module under test, as well as physical interconnection of serial port, CAN port and network port; The test fixture includes a microcontroller control circuit, a status indicator unit, a USB hub circuit, a network switching circuit, and an isolated CAN transceiver. The microcontroller control circuit is electrically connected to the status indicator unit, the isolated CAN transceiver, the USB hub circuit, and the network switching circuit, respectively, and is used to collect equipment operating conditions, output status prompts, and control the operation of each communication unit. The isolated CAN transceiver is electrically connected to the isolated CAN transceivers of the external main module and backup module under test through the connector on the main control backplane, and is used to realize the isolated transmission of CAN signals between the test fixture and the device under test. The USB hub circuit is used to convert multiple serial port signals into USB signals and realize the integrated output of multiple USB signals. The network switching circuit is used to establish an Ethernet path between the test fixture and the external main module and backup module under test, and to switch the network port of the main module or backup module according to the control signal.

[0010] A testing method for the above-mentioned multi-interface master / standby module testing device includes the following steps: A1. Test preparation: Connect the test fixture to the main control backplane, set the network switching control mode, connect the M12 industrial network port and USB interface, and check the status indicator unit. A2. Power supply initialization: Start the main control backplane power supply system to make the power indicator light on the test fixture light up and the running light flash; A3. Multi-interface synchronous test: Synchronous test of the network port, CAN port and serial port of the external main module under test and the backup module under test through the host computer and external test equipment; A4. Primary and backup module switching test: During the multi-interface test, the network interface switching between the primary module and the backup module is realized through the preset network switching control method, and the comparison test of the primary and backup modules is completed synchronously. A5. Test data processing and judgment: The microcontroller collects test data from each interface and uploads it to the host computer software for analysis. The data is then compared with preset standards to determine the test results. A6. Test complete: Turn off the power supply, disconnect the connection, and archive the test data.

[0011] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has significant advantages in structural design, functional integration, power supply safety, ease of operation, and accuracy and traceability of test data.

[0012] First, this invention enables precise synchronous testing of primary and backup modules. Employing an integrated structure on the main control backplane, it connects the test fixture, primary module, and backup module to the backplane. A network switching unit built with an analog switch chip, combined with dual-path control (manual control via a toggle switch and automatic control via a microcontroller), allows for flexible switching of the network ports between the primary and backup modules. This enables comparative testing of the primary and backup modules under the same testing environment, solving the problems of traditional testing methods that cannot achieve synchronous testing of primary and backup modules and offer only one switching method. By selecting the appropriate soldering method for the 0-ohm resistor, testers can autonomously choose the control mode according to the test scenario, adapting to different test requirements. The switching response time is ≤10ms, and the switching process is stable and reliable, effectively ensuring the continuity and consistency of the test.

[0013] Secondly, this invention enables efficient multi-interface integrated testing, unifying multiple interfaces such as Ethernet, CAN, and serial ports onto a single test fixture. External devices are connected via an M12 Ethernet connector and a USB interface, eliminating the need for separate connections to multiple test devices and significantly simplifying the testing process. The CAN port employs an isolated CAN transceiver design to achieve signal isolation transmission, avoiding signal interference between the primary and backup modules and ensuring the accuracy of CAN port test data. The serial port section uses a CH340B chip combined with a USB-HUB circuit to achieve integrated output of multiple serial ports. The serial port identity can be set via a driver, resolving the problem of confusing multiple serial port identification and improving the efficiency and reliability of multi-interface testing. Simultaneously, the status indicator unit on the test fixture surface provides real-time feedback on the working status of interfaces such as power supply, operation, Ethernet, and CAN ports, enabling testers to quickly locate anomalies during testing, reducing troubleshooting difficulty and improving testing efficiency.

[0014] Furthermore, the present invention has remarkable advantages in power supply safety. The main control backboard is provided with a power supply protection unit composed of a PMOS transistor and a TVS transistor. The PMOS transistor realizes power reverse connection protection by utilizing its gate-source voltage characteristics: when the power supply is connected correctly, the conduction condition of gate-source voltage Vgs < Vth is satisfied, the PMOS transistor conducts normally, and provides stable power supply for the test fixture, the main module and the backup module; when the power supply is reversely connected, the PMOS transistor is turned off immediately, completely blocking the reverse current and avoiding damage to the modules and the test equipment caused by reverse connection. As a high-efficiency transient protection device, the TVS transistor can respond to surge voltage at nanosecond level, clamp the voltage within a safe range, and protect precision components from damage. The dual protection mechanism effectively improves the reliability of the power supply system, reduces test risks, and adapts to the high reliability requirements in industrial scenarios.

[0015] Finally, the present invention is convenient to operate and has strong universality. The test fixture, the main module, the backup module and the main control backboard adopt a quick plug-in connection mode, which can complete docking and separation without traditional screw fixation, greatly shortening the module replacement and test preparation time; only one USB interface and one M12 network port are reserved externally, which simplifies the connection of external equipment; the serial port identification setting function of the CH340B chip and the dual-channel control mode of the analog switch reduce the operation difficulty for testers. The device can be adapted to testing of multiple types of main and backup modules, and has strong universality. Combined with the selection standards of industrial-grade interfaces and chips, the environmental adaptability and practicability of the device are further improved. In addition, measures such as the isolated CAN transceiver and signal shielding design reduce signal interference to ensure accurate and reliable test data; the single chip microcomputer collects test data in real time and transmits it to a computer through the USB interface, which facilitates data storage, analysis and traceability, and can cooperate with upper computer software to complete subsequent operations such as upgrading and burning of the main and backup modules, making the entire test process more complete and efficient. Description of Drawings

[0016] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention: Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the network switching unit of the present invention: Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the main control backboard and each module of the present invention: Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the serial communication unit of the present invention: Figure 5 is a flowchart of the test method of the present invention: Detailed Description of Embodiments

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the device structure and testing method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can obtain other equivalent embodiments based on the accompanying drawings without creative effort.

[0018] like Figure 1 The present invention relates to a multi-interface master / standby module testing device, comprising a master control backplane and a test fixture; the master control backplane is provided with multiple interconnected connectors for power distribution between the test fixture and the external master module under test and the standby module under test, as well as physical interconnection of serial port, CAN port and network port; The test fixture includes a microcontroller control circuit, a status indicator unit, a USB hub circuit, a network switching circuit, and an isolated CAN transceiver. The microcontroller control circuit is electrically connected to the status indicator unit, the isolated CAN transceiver, the USB hub circuit, and the network switching circuit, respectively, and is used to collect equipment operating conditions, output status prompts, and control the operation of each communication unit. The isolated CAN transceiver is electrically connected to the isolated CAN transceivers of the external main module and backup module under test through the connector on the main control backplane, and is used to realize the isolated transmission of CAN signals between the test fixture and the device under test. The USB hub circuit is used to convert multiple serial port signals into USB signals and realize the integrated output of multiple USB signals. The network switching circuit is used to establish an Ethernet path between the test fixture and the external main module and backup module under test, and switch the network port of the main module or backup module according to the control signal.

[0019] The main control backplane has multiple connectors that interconnect with the test fixture, main module, and backup module in pairs. These connectors enable power distribution between the test fixture and the external main module and backup module under test, as well as physical interconnection of serial ports, CAN ports, and Ethernet ports. This allows for quick plug-and-play connections of each module, facilitating module replacement and testing operations, while ensuring signal transmission stability. The power supply lines of the main control backplane are shielded to reduce the impact of external electromagnetic interference on power supply stability. An external power supply is connected to the main control backplane, which integrates a power protection unit, namely a voltage regulator and reverse connection protection circuit. The circuit includes a PMOS transistor and a TVS transistor. The PMOS transistor is connected in series in the power supply line of the main control backplane, which plays a role in reverse connection protection and transient overvoltage protection. The PMOS transistor uses the positive and negative characteristics of its gate-source voltage to control the switching. When the power supply is connected in the correct direction, the PMOS transistor is turned on to ensure normal power supply. When the power supply is connected in the reverse direction, the PMOS transistor is turned off to cut off the power supply circuit and prevent damage to the downstream circuit. The TVS transistor is connected in parallel between the power supply line and ground. Under normal conditions, it is in a high-impedance state and does not affect the normal operation of the circuit. When a transient overvoltage occurs, the TVS transistor switches to a low-impedance state within nanoseconds, clamping the abnormal voltage within a safe range and protecting the test fixture, main module, backup module and the precision components of the main control backplane from surge voltage damage. First, the input power supply is regulated and protected against reverse connection. Then, the processed power supply is distributed to the three interconnected connectors on the backplane. The three connectors are connected to the test fixture, the main module, and the backup module, respectively, which not only supply power to each unit but also realize signal interaction between units.

[0020] The test fixture consists of a microcontroller control circuit, a status indicator unit, a USB-HUB circuit, a network switch, and an isolated CAN transceiver circuit.

[0021] The microcontroller control circuit is electrically connected to the status indicator unit, and is also electrically connected to the status indicator unit, the isolated CAN transceiver, the USB hub circuit, and the network switching circuit. It is used to collect equipment operating conditions and output status prompts. The components of the status indicator unit are mounted on the surface of the test fixture, including a CAN indicator light, a network port indicator light, a power indicator light, and a running light, corresponding to the working status of the CAN port, network port, power supply system, and microcontroller, respectively. This provides real-time feedback on the operating status of each interface and system, facilitating quick troubleshooting of test anomalies. Specifically, a lit power indicator light indicates normal power supply, a flashing running light indicates normal microcontroller operation, a lit network port indicator light indicates normal network communication, and a lit CAN indicator light indicates normal CAN communication. Isolated CAN transceivers are installed inside the test fixture, main module, and backup module. The isolated CAN transceiver in the test fixture is connected to the CAN bus interface and electrically connected to the isolated CAN transceivers in the main module and backup module through the connector on the main control backplane. This achieves isolated CAN signal transmission between the test fixture and the main and backup modules, effectively avoiding signal interference and ensuring the accuracy of CAN port test data. At the same time, the interaction of test commands and test data is realized through the CAN bus, which meets the requirements of differential signal transmission of the CAN bus.

[0022] The USB-HUB circuit connects to an external USB interface to expand USB communication pathways. It utilizes a CH340B chip; the microcontroller's multiple serial ports are electrically connected to the CH340B chip. The CH340B chip converts these serial ports into USB signals, which are then electrically connected to the USB-HUB unit. The USB-HUB unit is also electrically connected to the USB interface on the test fixture, enabling integrated output of multiple serial port signals while maintaining only one external USB interface. Furthermore, the serial port identity can be configured via a driver, ensuring accurate identification of the required serial port when multiple ports are connected to a computer, preventing interface confusion, and guaranteeing the orderliness and integrity of serial data transmission.

[0023] The network switching circuit is used to establish an Ethernet path between the test fixture and the external main module and backup module under test, and to switch the network port of the main module or the backup module according to the control signal; the circuit is connected to an M12 industrial network port, which can realize industrial Ethernet path switching.

[0024] like Figure 2As shown, the network switching circuit includes an analog switch chip, a toggle switch, two 0-ohm resistors, and an NPN transistor. The analog switch chip supports 100Mbps network switching. Its input terminal establishes an Ethernet path with the M12 network port of the test fixture through the connector on the main control backplane. The two output terminals are electrically connected to the network interfaces of the main module and the backup module through the main control backplane, respectively. The enable pin of the analog switch chip is connected to two 0-ohm resistors. One 0-ohm resistor is electrically connected to the toggle switch, and the other 0-ohm resistor is electrically connected to the GPIO port of the microcontroller on the test fixture through the main control backplane. This circuit is used in conjunction with the NPN transistor to control the high and low levels of the microcontroller's GPIO port output. By selecting whether to solder the two 0-ohm resistors, the network switching control mode can be selected, realizing flexible switching between manual and automatic switching. The analog switch chip selected supports 10 / 100 / 1000Base-T Ethernet switching (such as the MAX4890). Its typical on-resistance is only 4Ω, with a maximum of 6.5Ω, and its typical on-capacitance is as low as 6.5pF. It complies with Ethernet insertion loss and return loss specifications and can operate stably in environments ranging from -40°C to +85°C, ensuring stable signal transmission without significant attenuation during 100Mbps and even 1Gbps network switching, thus meeting the network testing needs of industrial scenarios. The M12 Ethernet port of the test fixture is compatible with RJ-45 / M12 cables. These cables allow external test equipment or a host computer to be connected to the test fixture, enabling network upgrades and programming of the main and backup modules using host computer software. This adapts to harsh industrial environments and improves the reliability of interface connections. The microcontroller used is an industrial-grade microcontroller. In industrial control scenarios, frequent equipment starts and stops, industrial electromagnetic interference, and other complex operating conditions can severely impact the operation of the microcontroller system, even causing it to malfunction. This industrial-grade microcontroller possesses strong anti-interference capabilities against common interference sources such as spatial interference, power supply system interference, and process channel interference, ensuring stable system operation. It is electrically connected to the status indicator unit, isolated CAN transceiver, CH340B chip, and network switching unit, respectively, to control the working status of each unit, collect test data, provide feedback on interface operating status, and realize automatic control of network switching.

[0025] like Figure 3 As shown, this communication architecture consists of four parts: a main control backplane, a test fixture, a main module, and a backup module. The main control backplane contains three bidirectional interconnecting connectors, which respectively connect to the test fixture, the main module, and the backup module, enabling backplane-level interoperability of serial port, CAN bus, and Ethernet signals between the three types of devices.

[0026] The test fixture is equipped with a microcontroller circuit, which is electrically connected to three types of communication units: serial port, CAN bus, and network card circuit. The test fixture is connected to the main control backplane through the corresponding connector, and can send test commands to the main module and backup module and collect equipment operation data through the backplane.

[0027] The main module has a built-in microcontroller circuit, which interfaces with the serial port, CAN bus, and network card circuit respectively. Communication link access is completed through the connector on the main control backplane. The main module can exchange data bidirectionally with the test fixture and backup module through the backplane bus to realize normal business operation and status reporting.

[0028] The backup module's hardware communication architecture is consistent with that of the main module, with the serial port, CAN bus, and network card circuits also coordinated by a microcontroller circuit. When the main module fails, the backup module can quickly take over the service with the communication link built on the main control backplane, while receiving debugging and testing instructions issued by the test fixture. The interconnecting connectors on the main control backplane can ensure the physical connection of multiple communication channels of the three devices, realizing the two functional requirements of main and backup redundant communication and external test access.

[0029] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment discloses a serial port information acquisition and reporting link for primary and backup modules: the serial port signals of the primary module and the backup module are synchronously input to the fixture microcontroller; after the fixture microcontroller completes the reception, buffering and basic parsing of the two serial port data, it transmits the processed data to the serial-to-USB unit + identity configuration module; this module completes the conversion of the serial communication protocol to the USB communication protocol, and configures a unique identity identifier for the two primary and backup serial port data streams to distinguish whether the data source belongs to the primary module or the backup module; the data that has completed the protocol conversion and identity labeling is transmitted to the external interface via USB-B and finally sent to the host computer software. The host computer software uses the identity configuration information attached to the data stream to identify and parse the serial port information output by the primary module and the backup module respectively, thereby realizing the simultaneous acquisition of two primary and backup serial port data by a single USB interface, reducing the host computer interface resource occupation, and accurately distinguishing the two serial port data sources.

[0030] like Figure 5 As shown, the present invention discloses an implementation method for a multi-interface primary / backup module testing device. This method is based on the aforementioned multi-interface primary / backup module testing device and primarily implements primary / backup module testing and multi-interface testing. The method includes the following steps: 1. Test Preparation: Connect the test fixture, main module, and backup module to the main control backplane via connectors, ensuring reliable connection of each module; select the network switching control method according to test requirements, and determine whether to use manual control with a toggle switch or automatic control with a microcontroller by soldering or not soldering two 0-ohm resistors; insert one end of the RJ-45 / M12 connector into the M12 network port socket of the test fixture, and connect the other end to the external test equipment or host computer; insert one end of the USB connector into the USB interface of the test fixture, and connect the other end to the computer, install the CH340B chip driver, set the serial port identity, and ensure that the serial port can be accurately identified; check the status indicator unit to ensure that the initial state of each indicator light is normal.

[0031] 2. Power Supply Initialization: Start the power supply system of the main control backplane. The PMOS and TVS transistors in the power supply protection unit enter the working state. The PMOS transistor detects the power supply polarity to ensure that the power supply is connected correctly and then conducts, providing stable power supply to the test fixture, main module, and backup module. The TVS transistor is in a high-impedance state, monitoring the power supply voltage in real time to prevent transient overvoltage. At this time, the power indicator light on the test fixture lights up and the operation light starts flashing, indicating that the power supply is normal and the microcontroller has started successfully.

[0032] 3. Multi-interface synchronous testing: Synchronous testing of the network ports, CAN ports, and serial ports of the main module and backup module is performed using a host computer and external testing equipment to improve testing efficiency. 3.1 Network Port Testing: Connect the host computer or professional network testing equipment to the test fixture via an RJ-45 / M12 cable. Simulate the initial working state of the switch chip, which defaults to conducting the network port lines of the main module or backup module. The test equipment sends network test signals, which are transmitted to the corresponding module through the network switching circuit inside the test fixture and the main control backplane connector. Test the connection stability of the network port (by using long-term continuous data transmission), data transmission rate (by calculating the actual rate by sending a large amount of data), and data packet loss rate (by statistically analyzing the proportion of lost data packets in the transmitted data) according to standard testing methods. At the same time, test latency, throughput, and other core Ethernet performance indicators can be added. The network port indicator light provides real-time feedback on the network port communication status. If the communication is normal, the indicator light is always on; if an abnormality occurs, the indicator light flashes or turns off.

[0033] 3.2 CAN Port Test: The microcontroller in the test fixture sends test commands to its isolated CAN transceiver via a serial port. The isolated CAN transceiver converts the commands into CAN signals, which are then transmitted to the isolated CAN transceivers of the main module and backup module through the CAN bus path formed by the main control backplane connector. The isolated CAN transceivers of the main module and backup module convert the received CAN signals into serial port signals and feed them back to the microcontroller in the test fixture. The microcontroller collects the feedback data and performs physical layer and protocol layer tests in the CAN conformance test to verify the transmission stability, signal amplitude, and anti-interference capability of the CAN signal. The CAN indicator light provides real-time feedback on the CAN port communication status. Simultaneously, the isolation characteristics of the isolated CAN transceiver are utilized to avoid ground backflow between the main and backup modules, limit interference amplitude, prevent controller crashes, ensure accurate test data, and comply with the CAN bus communication protocol requirements of ISO11898 and ISO11519 standards.

[0034] 3.3 Serial Port Test: Connect the host computer to the test fixture and the serial ports of the main and backup modules via a serial cable; the host computer sends a serial port test signal in a specified format to the main and backup modules. After receiving the signal, the modules send back response data. The host computer collects and analyzes the feedback data to test the signal transmission stability, baud rate matching, and data accuracy of the serial port; the serial port indicator light provides real-time feedback on the serial communication status. If the communication is normal, the indicator light flashes steadily; if an abnormality occurs, the indicator light remains on or turns off. The module transmits multiple serial port signals to the microcontroller of the test fixture via a connector on the main control backplane. The microcontroller then transmits the signals to the CH340B chip, which acts as a USB bus adapter chip, supporting communication baud rates from 50bps to 2Mbps. It also has a built-in EEPROM for configuring serial numbers, converting serial port signals to USB signals. After integration by the USB-HUB unit, the signals are transmitted to the computer via the test fixture's USB interface. Using serial port analysis software on the computer and pre-defined serial port identities, operators accurately identify each serial port, testing its data transmission rate, data integrity, and parity accuracy to ensure normal serial communication. Simultaneously, the USB-HUB unit enables parallel transmission of multiple serial port data, avoiding data conflicts and improving the efficiency and reliability of serial port testing.

[0035] 4. Primary / Backup Module Switchover Test: During multi-interface testing, the network interface switching between the primary and backup modules is achieved through a preset network switching control method, simultaneously completing the comparative test of the primary and backup modules. This includes two control methods: 4.1 Manual Switching Method: If toggle switch control is selected, the toggle switch is moved to change the high or low level of the enable pin of the analog switch chip, controlling the analog switch chip to disconnect the network port line of the current module (main module or backup module) and connect the network port line of the other module. After the switch is completed, the test equipment continues to send network test signals, starting from core indicators such as bandwidth, throughput, latency, and packet loss rate, to test the network port performance of the switched module, compare the network port test data of the main and backup modules, and monitor the status changes of the network port indicator lights during the switch to ensure that there is no signal interruption during the switch process.

[0036] 4.2. Automatic switching mode: If single-chip microcomputer automatic control is selected, a switching instruction is issued through upper computer software, and after the single-chip microcomputer receives the instruction, it outputs high and low levels through the GPIO port (cooperating with an NPN triode to ensure stable level signals) to change the level state of the enable pin of the analog switch chip, so as to realize automatic switching of the network port lines of the active and standby modules; the switching interval can be preset through the upper computer to realize cyclic switching test of the active and standby modules, and verify the reliability and stability of the switching of the active and standby modules. Meanwhile, during the switching process, the stability of the CAN bus and the power supply system is monitored to ensure no abnormalities such as signal interference and power fluctuation, and the PMOS tube and the TVS tube continue to work to guarantee power supply safety. After the switching of the active and standby modules, the multi-interface test procedure in step 3 is repeated to complete the contrast test of all interfaces of the active and standby modules, and verify the consistency and reliability of the two modules.

[0037] 5. Test data processing and judgment: The single-chip microcomputer collects test data of each interface in real time (including network port transmission parameters, CAN signal parameters, serial port transmission parameters, active-standby switching response time, etc., wherein the serial port parameters cover baud rate (1200-115200bps), data bits, stop bits, etc., and CAN signal parameters cover baud rate (5K-1Mbps), node ID, etc.), and transmits the test data to a computer through the USB interface. Working staff analyze and process the test data by combining upper computer software and serial port analysis software, and compare the test data with preset test standards; for active-standby switching test, it is required to confirm that the switching realizes quick takeover based on the heartbeat detection mechanism and complies with the requirements of active-standby switching protocols such as VRRP and HSRP. If all test data meet the preset standards, the switching of the active and standby modules is smooth, and the status of each indicator light is normal (the indicator lights are used to indicate the power status, data transmission status, etc. of the device), the test is determined to be qualified; if there is test data that does not meet the preset standards, or abnormalities such as signal interruption, abnormal indicator light, and power supply fluctuation occur during the switching process, the test is determined to be unqualified, and the unqualified items and the corresponding module and interface information are recorded.

[0038] 6. End of test: After the test is completed, turn off the power supply system of the main control backplane, the PMOS tube turns off the power supply loop, and the TVS tube restores to a high impedance state; disconnect the RJ-45 / M12 connecting lines and the USB connecting line, and disassemble the connections between the test fixture, the active module, the standby module and the main control backplane; store and archive the test data, generate a test report that clarifies the test result, qualification status and unqualified items, and complete the entire test procedure; meanwhile, subsequent operations such as upgrading and programming can be performed on the active and standby modules through the network port via the upper computer software.

[0039] In step 3 above, the multi-interface synchronous test adopts a parallel testing method, that is, the network port, CAN port, and serial port are tested simultaneously, and the corresponding interfaces of the main module and the backup module are tested simultaneously. Parallel testing has the ability to handle multiple tasks at the same time, which can significantly shorten the test cycle, save time costs, and effectively improve test efficiency. At the same time, the status indicator unit provides real-time feedback on the working status of each interface. Combined with the error tracking and location logic of parallel testing, it is convenient for staff to quickly locate test anomalies and reduce the difficulty of troubleshooting. Interface testing itself also has the advantages of saving time and improving efficiency, further ensuring the high efficiency of the entire testing process.

[0040] In step 4 above, the response time of the main / standby module switching test is ≤10ms, and the switching action of the analog switch chip is fast and stable to ensure the continuity of the test. During the switching process, the microcontroller monitors the working status of the analog switch chip in real time. If a switching abnormality occurs, it will promptly trigger an alarm by flashing the running light and record the abnormal information to facilitate troubleshooting by staff.

[0041] In step 5 above, if the test is determined to be unqualified, the microcontroller can control the test circuit of the corresponding module to disconnect to prevent the unqualified module from interfering with the testing of other modules. At the same time, it can control the indicator light of the corresponding interface to flash as an alarm to remind the staff to handle the situation in a timely manner.

Claims

1. A multi-interface master / standby module testing device, characterized in that, The system includes a main control backplane and a test fixture. The main control backplane has multiple interconnected connectors for power distribution and physical interconnection of serial ports, CAN ports, and Ethernet ports between the test fixture and external main and backup modules under test. The test fixture includes a microcontroller control circuit, a status indicator unit, a USB-HUB circuit, a network switching circuit, and an isolated CAN transceiver. The microcontroller control circuit is electrically connected to the status indicator unit, the isolated CAN transceiver, the USB-HUB circuit, and the network switching circuit, respectively, for collecting equipment operating conditions and outputting status updates. The system displays and controls the operation of each communication unit; the isolated CAN transceiver is electrically connected to the isolated CAN transceivers of the external main module and backup module under test via the connector on the main control backplane, and is used to realize the isolated transmission of CAN signals between the test fixture and the device under test; the USB-HUB circuit is used to convert multiple serial port signals into USB signals and realize the integrated output of multiple USB signals; the network switching circuit is used to establish an Ethernet path between the test fixture and the external main module and backup module under test, and switch the network port of the main module or the backup module according to the control signal.

2. The multi-interface master / standby module testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control backplane is equipped with a power supply protection unit, which includes a PMOS transistor connected in series in the power supply line and a TVS transistor connected in parallel between the power supply line and ground, for realizing voltage regulation, reverse connection protection and transient overvoltage protection of the input power supply.

3. The multi-interface master / slave module testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The network switching circuit includes an analog switch chip, a toggle switch, two 0-ohm resistors, and an NPN transistor. The input terminal of the analog switch chip is electrically connected to the M12 industrial network port of the test fixture via the main control backplane connector. The two output terminals are electrically connected to the network interfaces of the external main module and the backup module under test via the main control backplane connector, respectively. The enable pin of the analog switch chip is connected to the toggle switch or the GPIO port of the microcontroller via the two 0-ohm resistors to realize manual or automatic switching.

4. The multi-interface master / slave module testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The USB-HUB circuit includes a CH340B chip and a USB-HUB unit. The CH340B chip has a built-in EEPROM for configuring identification identifiers for multiple serial port signals, so that the host computer can distinguish the data source of the main module and the backup module when receiving multiple serial port data through a single USB interface.

5. A test method based on the multi-interface master / standby module test device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A1. Test preparation: Connect the test fixture to the main control backplane, set the network switching control mode, connect the M12 industrial network port and USB interface, and check the status indicator unit. A2. Power supply initialization: Start the main control backplane power supply system to make the power indicator light on the test fixture light up and the running light flash; A3. Multi-interface synchronous test: Synchronous test of the network port, CAN port and serial port of the external main module under test and the backup module under test through the host computer and external test equipment; A4. Primary and backup module switching test: During the multi-interface test, the network interface switching between the primary module and the backup module is realized through the preset network switching control method, and the comparison test of the primary and backup modules is completed synchronously. A5. Test data processing and judgment: The microcontroller collects test data from each interface and uploads it to the host computer software for analysis. The data is then compared with preset standards to determine the test results. A6. Test complete: Turn off the power supply, disconnect the connection, and archive the test data.

6. The test method of the multi-interface master / slave module test device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step 3 includes: A3.1 Network Port Test: Test the connection stability, data transmission rate, packet loss rate, latency and throughput of the network port, and the communication status is reflected by the network port indicator light; A3.2 CAN Port Test: Acquire CAN signals using an isolated CAN transceiver to test the transmission stability, signal amplitude, and anti-interference capability of the CAN signals; A3.3 Serial Port Test: The multiple serial port signals are converted into USB signals and integrated for output through the USB-HUB circuit. The baud rate matching, data accuracy and parity check accuracy of the serial port are tested.

7. The test method of the multi-interface master / slave module test device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step 4 includes: A4.1 Manual switching mode: Change the control signal of the network switching circuit by toggling the toggle switch to switch the network port of the main module or the backup module; A4.2 Automatic Switching Mode: The microcontroller sends a command to the host computer, and the microcontroller's GPIO port, in conjunction with the NPN transistor, outputs a stable level to control the network switching circuit, thereby realizing the automatic switching of the main and backup module network ports and monitoring the stability of the CAN bus and power supply system during the switching process.

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