Serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method and application

Abstract

The application relates to a serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method and application, which realizes efficient utilization of serial communication resources to complete transmission of different types of communication data. The method comprises the following steps: monitoring the state of a gateway serial bus in real time; when the gateway serial bus is idle, normally transmitting real-time data frames or general data frames according to a preset time interval; when the gateway serial bus receives a control data frame to be transmitted, judging the state of the gateway serial bus at the moment; if the gateway serial bus is in an idle state, immediately inserting the control data frame transmission; after the control data frame transmission is completed, switching the state of the gateway serial bus back to the idle state, and continuing to transmit the remaining real-time data frames or general data frames.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of serial communication technology, and in particular to a serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method and its application. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of power monitoring, industrial serial bus communication, such as RS-485 and RS-232, plays a crucial role. Serial bus communication primarily involves intelligent gateways collecting data from Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) (or sensor devices) via a serial bus, and then centrally forwarding this data to the data monitoring platform via Ethernet. The monitoring platform sends control commands to the intelligent gateway, which then forwards these commands to the RTUs, thus controlling the devices. This technology has wide applications in power monitoring systems for rail transit, data centers, substations, and dispatch stations.

[0003] Currently, serial bus communication has inherent limitations at the hardware level. Its relatively low parallel communication capability is unsuitable for large-scale data transmission and cannot meet the high real-time requirements of data transmission, such as data from sudden remote signaling changes and equipment control. Conversely, some data have relatively lower real-time requirements, such as accumulated values, electricity consumption data, and general telemetry data. These data have significantly different real-time requirements compared to data from sudden remote signaling changes, remote control data, and remote adjustment data. Therefore, prioritizing data and effectively utilizing bus resources to avoid competition between data of different priorities is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed.

[0004] A search of existing technical literature revealed a patent with publication number CN119363506A, entitled "An Efficient Serial Bus Communication Method," comprising: Step 1, all nodes that want to send data compete to determine the node with the highest priority through their respective bus priority sequences; Step 2, after the highest priority node finishes sending data, it pulls the bus high to an idle level; Step 3, the idle time of the bus to the idle level reaches or exceeds Tid, and Steps 1 and 2 are repeated sequentially until no node needs to send data. This patent allows each bus node to initiate active communication on the bus simultaneously through a logical mechanism, competing for the bus based on its priority. High-priority nodes can continue to send all data without loss, resulting in higher serial bus communication efficiency compared to traditional master-slave communication. However, simply communicating data according to priority without controlling the bus leads to problems such as ineffective utilization of bus resources and competition between data of different priorities, thus compromising the integrity of the communication data. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method and application to address the above-mentioned technical problems, so as to achieve efficient utilization of serial communication resources to complete the transmission of different types of communication data.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: On one hand, the present invention provides a serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method, the method comprising: S01: The data transmitted by the gateway serial bus includes control data frames, real-time data frames, and general data frames. The control data frames, real-time data frames, and general data frames are sorted, with control data frames having the highest priority, real-time data frames having the second highest priority, and general data frames having the lowest priority. S02: Real-time monitoring of the status of the gateway serial bus. When the distribution network gateway serial bus is idle, it transmits real-time data frames or general data frames normally according to the preset time interval. S03: When the gateway serial bus receives a control data frame that needs to be transmitted, the dedicated priority interface of the control gateway serial bus will perform the highest priority data preemption. S04: Determine the current status of the gateway serial bus. If the gateway serial bus is idle, immediately insert control data frame transmission. If the distribution network gateway serial bus is transmitting real-time data frames or general data frames, wait for the current real-time data frame or general data frame transmission to finish before prioritizing control data frame transmission. S05: After the control data frame transmission is completed, the gateway serial bus switches back to the idle state and continues to transmit the remaining real-time data frames or general data frames.

[0007] Preferably, a bus state machine is configured to monitor the status of the distribution network gateway serial bus in real time.

[0008] Preferably, the control data frame is a remote control and remote adjustment command data of the distribution network, which has the highest priority; the real-time data frame is a monitoring data with high real-time requirements for sudden changes in remote signaling and fault alarms in the distribution network, which has the second highest priority; and the general data frame is a non-real-time data of accumulated quantities, electricity consumption, and ordinary telemetry in the distribution network, which has the lowest priority.

[0009] Preferably, the preset time interval for normal transmission of real-time data frames is 30ms to 60ms.

[0010] Preferably, the preset time interval for transmitting the real-time data frame is greater than the preset time interval for transmitting the general data frame, and step S02 includes: The status of the gateway serial bus is monitored in real time. When the distribution network gateway serial bus is idle, normal data frames are transmitted normally according to the preset time interval. When the gateway serial bus needs to transmit real-time data frames, it determines the current state of the gateway serial bus. If the gateway serial bus is in an idle state, it immediately inserts the real-time data frame for transmission. If the distribution network gateway serial bus is transmitting general data frames, it waits for the current general data frame transmission to finish before prioritizing the transmission of real-time data frames.

[0011] Preferably, before step S01, the method further includes: The data priority configuration interface is set up so that, according to the actual communication data requirements of the terminal devices connected to the gateway serial bus, the data transmitted by the gateway serial bus is classified by accessing the data priority configuration interface to obtain general data frames, real-time data frames and control data frames.

[0012] Preferably, the state of the gateway serial bus is switched according to the flow of data frames between the smart gateway and the terminal device connected to the gateway serial bus, including: When the smart gateway sends a request data frame to the terminal device, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from idle to downlink data; when the request data frame is sent, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from downlink data to uplink data waiting; when the smart gateway receives a general data frame or real-time data frame uploaded by the terminal device, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from uplink data waiting to idle. When the smart gateway sends a control data frame to the terminal device, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from idle to downlink data; after the control data frame is sent, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from downlink data to uplink data waiting; when the smart gateway receives the execution result data frame uploaded by the terminal device, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from uplink data waiting to idle.

[0013] Preferably, a time-slice round-robin scheduling algorithm is used to transmit the general data frame, the real-time data frame, and the control data frame. The time-slice round-robin scheduling algorithm uses a preset time interval to execute the data frame transmission task.

[0014] Preferably, if the execution time of the real-time data frame transmission task or the control data frame transmission task exceeds a preset time slice, the transmission task is cleared.

[0015] On the other hand, this invention provides an application of a serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method, applied in a serial bus communication scenario for a power distribution network gateway, including: S21: The data transmitted by the gateway serial bus includes control data frames, real-time data frames, and general data frames. The control data frames, real-time data frames, and general data frames are sorted, with control data frames having the highest priority, real-time data frames having the second highest priority, and general data frames having the lowest priority. S22: Real-time monitoring of the status of the gateway serial bus. When the distribution network gateway serial bus is idle, it transmits real-time data frames or general data frames normally according to the preset time interval. S23: When the gateway serial bus receives a control data frame that needs to be transmitted, the dedicated priority interface of the control gateway serial bus will perform the highest priority data preemption. S24: Determine the current status of the gateway serial bus. If the gateway serial bus is idle, immediately insert control data frame transmission. If the distribution network gateway serial bus is transmitting real-time data frames or general data frames, wait for the current real-time data frame or general data frame transmission to finish before prioritizing control data frame transmission. S25: After the control data frame transmission is completed, the gateway serial bus switches back to the idle state and continues to transmit the remaining real-time data frames or general data frames.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention provides a serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method and application. Without changing the original physical equipment and physical communication method, it prioritizes different communication data frames to meet the needs of power monitoring for reasonable scheduling of different types of data, especially core data with time requirements. Furthermore, through the design of precise bus status control, it effectively avoids bus resource competition between data of different priorities, ensures the integrity and reliability of communication data during transmission, and improves the communication stability of the entire monitoring system. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the data priority-based communication process of the serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the data priority preemption logic of the serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0019] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment proposes a serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method, the method including: S01: The data transmitted by the gateway serial bus includes control data frames, real-time data frames, and general data frames. The control data frames, real-time data frames, and general data frames are sorted, with control data frames having the highest priority, real-time data frames having the second highest priority, and general data frames having the lowest priority. S02: Real-time monitoring of the status of the gateway serial bus. When the distribution network gateway serial bus is idle, it transmits real-time data frames or general data frames normally according to the preset time interval. S03: When the gateway serial bus receives a control data frame that needs to be transmitted, the dedicated priority interface of the control gateway serial bus will perform the highest priority data preemption. S04: Determine the current status of the gateway serial bus. If the gateway serial bus is idle, immediately insert control data frame transmission. If the distribution network gateway serial bus is transmitting real-time data frames or general data frames, wait for the current real-time data frame or general data frame transmission to finish before prioritizing control data frame transmission. S05: After the control data frame transmission is completed, the gateway serial bus switches back to the idle state and continues to transmit the remaining real-time data frames or general data frames.

[0020] In the specific implementation process, after a communication data frame is input, a priority control strategy is adopted. First, priority is assigned according to the preset priority control strategy, and the data is stored in the corresponding priority queue. Communication data frames are clearly divided into three categories: control data frames, real-time data frames, and general data frames. Control data frames correspond to command data such as remote control and remote adjustment, and have the highest priority. Real-time data frames correspond to monitoring data with high real-time requirements, such as remote signaling changes and fault alarms, and have the second highest priority. General data frames correspond to non-real-time data such as accumulated quantities, electricity consumption, and ordinary telemetry, and have the lowest priority.

[0021] This embodiment deploys a gateway serial bus connecting the smart gateway and the remote terminal unit (RTU) for data transmission. Based on this, the invention designs a bus state machine that implements state switching using a request-response mode. This mode refers to the communication parties completing data transmission through a "request-response" interaction, ensuring the orderly allocation of bus resources and enabling real-time monitoring and accurate recording of the bus state at the smart gateway. The bus state is divided into three types: idle, downlink data, and uplink data waiting. When the smart gateway sends a request data frame, the bus state switches from "idle" to "downlink data." When the request data frame is sent and the system enters the waiting stage for a response data frame, the bus state switches from "downlink data" to "uplink data waiting." After uplink data reception is complete, or after the response wait times out, the bus state switches back from "uplink data waiting" to "idle" to prepare for the next communication task. Based on this request-response mode, the state switching of the gateway serial bus during the transmission of general data frames, real-time data frames, and control data frames is as follows: When the smart gateway sends a request data frame to the terminal device, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from idle to downlink data; when the request data frame is sent, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from downlink data to uplink data waiting; when the smart gateway receives a general data frame or real-time data frame uploaded by the terminal device, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from uplink data waiting to idle. When the smart gateway sends a control data frame to the terminal device, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from idle to downlink data; after the control data frame is sent, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from downlink data to uplink data waiting; when the smart gateway receives the execution result data frame uploaded by the terminal device, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from uplink data waiting to idle.

[0022] The bus state machine can monitor the bus status in real time. If the bus is idle, it triggers a high-priority data communication task. This high-priority data communication task is completed within a specified time slice, sending high-priority data frames to the bus first to quickly obtain real-time data from the device. Specifically, for real-time data frames and control data frames, two high-priority data triggering mechanisms—time-triggered and burst-triggered—are combined to achieve precise scheduling of bus resources.

[0023] The time-triggered mechanism relies on high-precision hardware clock technology. When the bus is idle and there is no burst control data, it automatically triggers real-time data frame transmission at preset time intervals (30ms to 60ms), ensuring the timely transmission of periodic high-priority data (such as timed telemetry). The burst mechanism provides a dedicated API interface for the application layer. When remote control, remote adjustment, or other control data frames are generated, the highest priority data preemption is triggered through this interface. If the current bus is idle, the control data frame is immediately inserted for transmission; if the bus is occupied, control data communication is prioritized after the current time slice ends, ensuring the real-time performance of control data. Each communication data task must complete the communication task within the specified time slice and release bus resources in a timely manner to ensure that high-priority data generated by the burst mechanism and the time-triggered mechanism can complete communication within the specified time, guaranteeing the timeliness of high-priority data transmission.

[0024] Based on the two mechanisms above, the data priority preemption logic for high-priority data and ordinary data is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the transmission task scheduling based on this preemption logic specifically includes: When the serial bus of the distribution network gateway is idle, it transmits general data frames normally at very short preset time intervals. The smart gateway sends a request data frame to the remote terminal unit. After receiving the request data frame, the remote terminal unit uploads the general data frame to the smart gateway. Real-time data frames are triggered at preset time intervals (the preset time interval for transmitting the real-time data frames is greater than the preset time interval for transmitting the general data frames). When triggered, the state of the gateway serial bus is determined. If the gateway serial bus is idle, the real-time data frame is immediately inserted for transmission. If the distribution network gateway serial bus is transmitting a general data frame, the transmission of the real-time data frame is prioritized after the current general data frame transmission ends. The smart gateway sends a request data frame to the remote terminal unit. After receiving the request data frame, the remote terminal unit uploads the real-time data frame to the smart gateway. The control data frame is triggered by the program through the control API interface. After the control data frame is generated, the status of the gateway serial bus is determined. If the gateway serial bus is idle, the control data frame is immediately inserted for transmission. If the distribution network gateway serial bus is transmitting real-time data frames or general data frames, the control data frame transmission is executed first after the current real-time data frame or general data frame transmission ends. The smart gateway sends the control data frame to the remote terminal unit through the bus. After receiving the control data frame, the remote terminal unit uploads the execution result data frame to the smart gateway.

[0025] Example 2 This embodiment further supplements the description of the serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method proposed in the above embodiment.

[0026] In an optional embodiment, before step S01, the method further includes: The data priority configuration interface is set up so that, according to the actual communication data requirements of the terminal devices connected to the gateway serial bus, the data transmitted by the gateway serial bus is classified by accessing the data priority configuration interface to obtain general data frames, real-time data frames and control data frames.

[0027] In practice, staff can flexibly configure the priority of different data types on-site according to the actual communication data requirements of the field equipment (e.g., adjusting a certain type of remote signaling data to the real-time data frame level). The pre-set data priority configuration interface is accessed through the smart gateway's local configuration software or a remote management platform. The communication program obtains this configuration information in real time, updates the internal priority queue rules, and adapts to the personalized communication needs of different sites. In the internal priority queue, general data frames have the lowest priority. If there are no real-time data frames or control data frames to transmit, the remote terminal unit will continuously transmit general data frames to the smart gateway until the internal priority queue is exhausted. Real-time data frames are transmitted from the remote terminal unit to the smart gateway at preset time intervals. Control data frames have the highest priority, generated by the program through the control API interface. Once generated, they immediately acquire the highest bus communication priority, ensuring the timely transmission of control commands and meeting the real-time control requirements of power dispatching.

[0028] In one optional embodiment, a time-slice round-robin scheduling algorithm is used to transmit the general data frame, the real-time data frame, and the control data frame. The time-slice round-robin scheduling algorithm executes the data frame transmission task using time slices with a preset time interval. If the execution time of the real-time data frame transmission task or the control data frame transmission task exceeds the preset time slice, the transmission task is cleared.

[0029] In the specific implementation process, the control time slice precision of control data frames and real-time data frames is controlled at the millisecond level, and the timeout response time slice is controlled within 100ms (while providing users with a configurable timeout setting function). For response data that exceeds the time slice, the bus state machine directly invalidates it and clears the data from the bus to avoid invalid data occupying bus resources and ensure the integrity of the next communication task data. In this way, it is ensured that all control data frames and real-time data frames can meet the set time requirements, realizing the real-time transmission of core data.

[0030] Example 3 This embodiment proposes an application of a hierarchical real-time communication method for serial buses, applied in a serial bus communication scenario for power distribution network gateways, including: S21: The data transmitted by the gateway serial bus includes control data frames, real-time data frames, and general data frames. The control data frames, real-time data frames, and general data frames are sorted, with control data frames having the highest priority, real-time data frames having the second highest priority, and general data frames having the lowest priority. S22: Real-time monitoring of the status of the gateway serial bus. When the distribution network gateway serial bus is idle, it transmits real-time data frames or general data frames normally according to the preset time interval. S23: When the gateway serial bus receives a control data frame that needs to be transmitted, the dedicated priority interface of the control gateway serial bus will perform the highest priority data preemption. S24: Determine the current status of the gateway serial bus. If the gateway serial bus is idle, immediately insert control data frame transmission. If the distribution network gateway serial bus is transmitting real-time data frames or general data frames, wait for the current real-time data frame or general data frame transmission to finish before prioritizing control data frame transmission. S25: After the control data frame transmission is completed, the gateway serial bus switches back to the idle state and continues to transmit the remaining real-time data frames or general data frames.

[0031] Taking a serial bus communication scenario of a smart gateway in a 10kV substation as an example: First, perform data hierarchical configuration. Through the configuration software, set "remote closing command" as a control data frame (highest priority), "overcurrent alarm remote signaling" as a real-time data frame (second highest priority), and "daily electricity consumption statistics" as a general data frame (low priority). Configure the timeout time slice of the control data frame and the real-time data frame to 50ms. During normal data transmission, the smart gateway and network terminal unit continuously schedule the transmission tasks of general data frames through a request-response mode. After receiving a request signal from the smart gateway, the network terminal unit sends a general data frame as a response signal to the smart gateway. During this period, the bus state changes with the direction of signal flow, from data downlink and data uplink waiting to idle, completing one round of data transmission task. The time triggering mechanism triggers the acquisition of "overcurrent alarm remote signaling" data at 1-second intervals, and the real-time data frame transmission task will only be executed when the bus is idle. If the previous round of data transmission task is still occupying the bus, the real-time data frame transmission task will be executed first after the current time slice ends, and the bus will be released after the data transmission is completed within a 50ms time slice. When processing sudden control data, when the dispatch center issues a "remote closing command", the control API interface triggers the highest priority data preemption. If the bus is idle at this time, the control data frame transmission is immediately inserted, and the command issuance and response are completed within 50ms. If the bus is transmitting a general data frame of "daily electricity statistics", the control data communication is executed first after the current time slice ends to ensure that the command is issued in real time. After the control data frame transmission is completed, the bus state machine switches back to the idle state and continues to process the remaining general data frames until the communication data transmission tasks in the internal priority queue are scheduled. No data loss or corruption occurs during this process, achieving a balance between real-time performance and data integrity.

Claims

1. A serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S01: The data transmitted by the gateway serial bus includes control data frames, real-time data frames, and general data frames. The control data frames, real-time data frames, and general data frames are sorted, with control data frames having the highest priority, real-time data frames having the second highest priority, and general data frames having the lowest priority. S02: Monitor the status of the gateway serial bus in real time. When the gateway serial bus is idle, transmit real-time data frames or general data frames normally according to the preset time interval. S03: When the gateway serial bus receives a control data frame that needs to be transmitted, the dedicated priority interface of the control gateway serial bus will perform the highest priority data preemption. S04: Determine the current status of the gateway serial bus. If the gateway serial bus is idle, immediately insert a control data frame for transmission. If the gateway serial bus is transmitting real-time data frames or general data frames, the control data frame transmission will be executed first after the current real-time data frame or general data frame transmission is completed. S05: After the control data frame transmission is completed, the gateway serial bus switches back to the idle state and continues to transmit the remaining real-time data frames or general data frames.

2. The serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Configure a bus state machine to monitor the status of the gateway's serial bus in real time.

3. The serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control data frames are remote control and remote adjustment command data, which have the highest priority; the real-time data frames are monitoring data with high real-time requirements for remote signaling changes and fault alarms, which have the second highest priority; and the general data frames are accumulated quantities, electricity consumption, and ordinary telemetry non-real-time data, which have the lowest priority.

4. The serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The preset time interval for normal transmission of real-time data frames is 30ms to 60ms.

5. The serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preset time interval for transmitting the real-time data frame is greater than the preset time interval for transmitting the general data frame. Step S02 includes: The status of the gateway serial bus is monitored in real time. When the gateway serial bus is idle, normal data frames are transmitted normally according to the preset time interval. When the gateway serial bus needs to transmit real-time data frames, it determines the current state of the gateway serial bus. If the gateway serial bus is in an idle state, it immediately inserts the real-time data frame for transmission; if the gateway serial bus is transmitting a general data frame, it waits for the current general data frame transmission to finish before prioritizing the transmission of the real-time data frame.

6. The serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before step S01, the following are also included: The data priority configuration interface is set up so that, according to the actual communication data requirements of the terminal devices connected to the gateway serial bus, the data transmitted by the gateway serial bus is classified by accessing the data priority configuration interface to obtain general data frames, real-time data frames and control data frames.

7. The serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The state of the gateway serial bus switches according to the flow of data frames between the smart gateway and the terminal device connected to the gateway serial bus, including: When the smart gateway sends a request data frame to the terminal device, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from idle to downlink data; when the request data frame is sent, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from downlink data to uplink data waiting; when the smart gateway receives a general data frame or real-time data frame uploaded by the terminal device, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from uplink data waiting to idle. When the smart gateway sends a control data frame to the terminal device, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from idle to downlink data; after the control data frame is sent, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from downlink data to uplink data waiting; when the smart gateway receives the execution result data frame uploaded by the terminal device, the state of the gateway serial bus changes from uplink data waiting to idle.

8. The serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The general data frame, the real-time data frame, and the control data frame are transmitted using a time-slice round-robin scheduling algorithm, which uses a preset time interval to execute the data frame transmission task.

9. The serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method according to claim 8, characterized in that, If the execution time of the real-time data frame transmission task or the control data frame transmission task exceeds a preset time slice, the transmission task is cleared.

10. An application of a serial bus hierarchical real-time communication method, characterized in that, The application in the serial bus communication scenario of power distribution network gateways includes the following steps: S21: The data transmitted by the gateway serial bus includes control data frames, real-time data frames, and general data frames. The control data frames, real-time data frames, and general data frames are sorted, with control data frames having the highest priority, real-time data frames having the second highest priority, and general data frames having the lowest priority. S22: Real-time monitoring of the status of the gateway serial bus. When the distribution network gateway serial bus is idle, it transmits real-time data frames or general data frames normally according to the preset time interval. S23: When the gateway serial bus receives a control data frame that needs to be transmitted, the dedicated priority interface of the control gateway serial bus will perform the highest priority data preemption. S24: Determine the current status of the gateway serial bus. If the gateway serial bus is idle, immediately insert a control data frame for transmission. If the distribution network gateway serial bus is transmitting real-time data frames or general data frames, the control data frame transmission will be executed first after the current real-time data frame or general data frame transmission is completed. S25: After the control data frame transmission is completed, the gateway serial bus switches back to the idle state and continues to transmit the remaining real-time data frames or general data frames.

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