Ota test method and apparatus

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of wireless communication and perception testing, and provides an OTA testing method and device. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a transmission matrix between a device under test and a multi-probe array; determining an antenna element response matrix of the device under test according to the transmission matrix, and reconstructing an antenna element radiation pattern of the device under test according to the antenna element response matrix of the device under test; calibrating the device under test according to the reconstructed antenna element radiation pattern to obtain a calibrated device under test; determining a target weight according to a test scene, the antenna element radiation pattern and the transmission matrix, and configuring the target weight to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network; and testing the calibrated device under test according to the configured multi-probe array. The OTA testing method and device provided by the application realize integrated OTA testing of communication and perception devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication and sensing testing technology, and in particular to an OTA testing method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of emerging application scenarios such as IoT (Internet of Things), V2X (Vehicle to Everything), and drones, future B5G / 6G networks will deeply integrate communication and sensing functions. Under this trend, such communication and sensing devices must pass a series of rigorous OTA (Over-the-Air) tests before leaving the factory.

[0003] Currently, existing OTA testing methods face many limitations and challenges in practical applications. On the one hand, when using a single probe, the existing DFF (Direct Far-Field) method requires mechanically rotating the DUT (Device Under Test) or probe to obtain a three-dimensional radiation pattern or simulate a moving target, which is slow and inefficient. On the other hand, the IFF (Indirect Far-Field) method can simulate far-field plane waves at a relatively close distance, but the traditional CATR (Compact Antenna Test Range) can usually only simulate single-angle targets. Although the PWG (Plane Wave Generator) has certain dynamic simulation capabilities, it suffers from high loss and severe phase error accumulation in wide-angle target simulation, high-frequency bands, and QZ (Quiet Zone), making it difficult to accurately evaluate the communication performance of the device under test in complex dynamic scenarios.

[0004] Therefore, it is of great significance to address the shortcomings of existing OTA testing methods, such as low efficiency due to reliance on mechanical rotation and severe accumulation of phase errors, and to provide an OTA testing method and device that can improve the efficiency and accuracy of OTA testing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an OTA testing method and apparatus to address the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as stringent site space requirements, inefficiency due to reliance on mechanical rotation, and inability to simultaneously simulate real dynamic conditions. This enables integrated OTA testing of communication and sensing devices in a central area without the need for mechanical rotation of the device under test.

[0006] Firstly, this application provides an OTA testing method, the method comprising: Obtain the transmission matrix between the device under test and the multi-probe array; Based on the transmission matrix, the antenna element response matrix of the device under test is determined, and the antenna element radiation pattern of the device under test is reconstructed based on the antenna element response matrix of the device under test. The device under test is calibrated based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern to obtain the calibrated device under test; Based on the test scenario, antenna array element radiation pattern, and transmission matrix, the target weight is determined, and the target weight is configured to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network; the calibrated device under test is then tested based on the configured multi-probe array. The multi-probe array is deployed in the midfield area of ​​the device under test.

[0007] Optionally, according to the OTA testing method of this application, obtaining the transmission matrix between the device under test and the multi-probe array includes: Acquire multiple radio frequency links of the device under test and multiple probe units of the multi-probe array; The multiple radio frequency links and multiple probe units are activated sequentially. In each activation cycle, a single radio frequency link among the multiple radio frequency links is activated, and a single probe unit among the multiple probe units is activated simultaneously, to obtain the transmission parameters in each activation state. The single radio frequency link corresponds to the single probe unit. The transmission matrix is ​​determined based on the transmission parameters in each activation state.

[0008] Optionally, according to the OTA testing method of this application, determining the antenna element response matrix of the device under test based on the transmission matrix includes: The probe radiation pattern matrix and free space transmission matrix of the multi-probe array are obtained, and the antenna element response matrix of the device under test is determined based on the probe radiation pattern matrix, free space transmission matrix and transmission matrix.

[0009] Optionally, according to the OTA testing method of this application, the step of calibrating the device under test based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern to obtain the calibrated device under test includes: Based on the reconstructed radiation pattern of the antenna array elements, the radiation response of the device under test in the line-of-sight direction is determined. The array calibration coefficients are determined based on the radiation response and the target calibration gain. Based on the array calibration coefficients, the phase shifters, attenuators, and power amplifiers of multiple RF links of the device under test are calibrated to obtain the calibrated device under test.

[0010] Optionally, according to the OTA testing method of this application, the target weight includes a first weight; The step of determining the target weight based on the test scenario, antenna array element radiation pattern, and transmission matrix, and configuring the target weight to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network, includes: In the case of a test scenario that is a radio frequency performance test scenario, the steering vector of each test angle and the inherent response deviation of multiple radio frequency links of the device under test are obtained. Based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern, the first far-field radiation response of the device under test at each test angle is determined. Based on the steering vector, inherent response deviation, first far-field radiation response, and transmission matrix, determine the first weight of each angle to be measured; The first weight is configured to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network.

[0011] Optionally, according to the OTA testing method of this application, the target weight includes a second weight; The process of determining target weights based on the test scenario, antenna array element radiation pattern, and transmission matrix, and configuring these target weights to the multi-probe array via an amplitude and phase control network, includes: In the case of a perception performance test scenario, the field distribution of the target angle at the antenna array element position of the device under test, as well as the inherent response deviation of multiple radio frequency links of the device under test are obtained. Based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern, determine the second far-field radiation response of the device under test at the target angle; The second weight of the target angle is determined based on the field distribution, inherent response deviation, second far-field radiation response, and transmission matrix. The second weight is configured to the multi-probe array via an amplitude and phase control network.

[0012] Optionally, according to the OTA testing method of this application, configuring the second weight to the multi-probe array includes any one of the following: When the target angle changes, the second weight is updated, and the updated second weight is configured to the multi-probe array through the amplitude and phase control network; Multiple target angles and their corresponding second weights are obtained; the second weights of the multiple target angles are superimposed to obtain a third weight; the third weight is configured to the multi-probe array through an amplitude-phase control network.

[0013] Secondly, this application also provides an OTA testing device, the device comprising: The acquisition module is used to acquire the transmission matrix between the device under test and the multi-probe array; The reconstruction module is used to determine the antenna element response matrix of the device under test based on the transmission matrix, and to reconstruct the antenna element radiation pattern of the device under test based on the antenna element response matrix of the device under test. The calibration module is used to calibrate the device under test according to the reconstructed radiation pattern of the antenna array elements, so as to obtain the calibrated device under test; The testing module is used to determine the target weights based on the test scenario, the radiation pattern of the antenna array elements, and the transmission matrix, and to configure the target weights to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network; and to test the calibrated device under test based on the configured multi-probe array. The multi-probe array is deployed in the midfield area of ​​the device under test.

[0014] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the OTA testing method as described in the first aspect above.

[0015] Fourthly, this application provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the OTA testing method as described in the first aspect above.

[0016] Fifthly, this application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the OTA testing method as described in the first aspect above.

[0017] The OTA testing method and apparatus provided in this application acquire the transmission matrix between the device under test (DUT) and a multi-probe array, and determine the antenna element response matrix of the DUT based on the transmission matrix, thereby reconstructing the antenna element radiation pattern of the DUT. This enables the method and apparatus to accurately reconstruct the antenna element radiation pattern of the DUT in the mid-field region. Furthermore, the method and apparatus determine the target weights based on the test scenario, the antenna element radiation pattern, and the transmission matrix, configure the target weights to the multi-probe array, and test the calibrated DUT based on the configured multi-probe array. This method and apparatus effectively solve the shortcomings of existing OTA testing methods, such as low efficiency due to reliance on mechanical rotation and severe phase error accumulation, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of OTA testing. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the OTA testing method provided in this application.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the calibration process for the OTA testing method provided in this application.

[0021] Figure 3 This is an example diagram of the radio frequency performance test scenario provided in this application.

[0022] Figure 4 This is an example diagram of the perception performance test scenario provided in this application.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a signal model diagram of the OTA testing method provided in this application.

[0024] Figure 6 This is an example diagram of the radio frequency performance test results provided in this application.

[0025] Figure 7 This is an example diagram of the perception performance test results provided in this application.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the OTA testing device provided in this application.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the OTA testing method provided in this application, as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the method may include: Step 110: Obtain the transmission matrix between the device under test and the multi-probe array; Step 120: Determine the antenna element response matrix of the device under test based on the transmission matrix, and reconstruct the antenna element radiation pattern of the device under test based on the antenna element response matrix of the device under test. Step 130: Based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern, calibrate the device under test to obtain the calibrated device under test; Step 140: Determine the target weights based on the test scenario, antenna array element radiation pattern, and transmission matrix, and configure the target weights to the multi-probe array through the amplitude and phase control network; test the calibrated device under test based on the configured multi-probe array. The multi-probe array is deployed in the mid-field area of ​​the device under test.

[0030] It should be noted that the execution entity of the above-mentioned OTA testing method can be a test control device, which has the functions of acquiring the transmission matrix between the device under test and the multi-probe array, reconstructing the radiation pattern of the antenna array elements, calibrating the device under test, and configuring the multi-probe array based on the target weight and performing the test. This test control device can be an RF integrated tester, industrial computer, server, dedicated computing device, or control terminal loaded with test control software, etc. This application does not specifically limit it in this regard. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments all use the test control device as the execution entity to describe the OTA testing method of this application in detail.

[0031] The device under test (DUT) refers to a wireless communication terminal or base station equipment that requires air interface performance verification. The DUT can be a wireless device integrating communication and sensing functions, such as a millimeter-wave ISAC (Integrated Sensing and Communication) device; it can also be a smartphone, tablet computer; or a vehicle-mounted communication module, base station antenna, etc. This application does not specifically limit its scope.

[0032] A multi-probe array refers to an array consisting of multiple antenna probes arranged in a specific geometric structure, used for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves in space. For example, a multi-probe array can be arranged in a ring; it can also be arranged spherically; or, for example, the distance between the antenna probes in the multi-probe array is greater than 2... To achieve sparse arrangement; among them, The wavelength is for testing signals. It is understood that the arrangement and spacing of the multi-probe array can be limited according to actual conditions. This application does not impose specific limitations in this regard.

[0033] The transmission matrix refers to complex matrix data that characterizes the fading and phase changes of the wireless channel between the device under test and the multi-probe array.

[0034] The antenna element response matrix of the device under test refers to the data set of electromagnetic response states generated by each independent antenna element inside the device under test at each detection node of the multi-probe array.

[0035] The radiation pattern of the antenna array elements of the device under test refers to the spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field intensity radiated or received by a single antenna element in the device under test in various directions.

[0036] Amplitude and phase control networks are used to control the amplitude and phase of each antenna probe in a multi-probe array, thereby adjusting the target weights.

[0037] A test scenario refers to a specific spatial electromagnetic environment or channel conditions set when evaluating the performance of a device under test. For example, a test scenario could be a radio frequency performance test scenario or a sensing performance test scenario. This application does not specifically limit this.

[0038] Testing refers to the process of evaluating and verifying various air interface parameters of the device under test. For example, air interface parameters may include transmission parameters such as EIRP (Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power) and TRP (Total Radiated Power); they may also include reception parameters such as EIS (Equivalent Isotropic Sensitivity); and they may include sensing parameters such as the positioning accuracy of targets at different angles. This application does not specifically limit these parameters.

[0039] The midfield region refers to the electromagnetic radiation region between the near field and the far field.

[0040] Specifically, in step 110, the transmission matrix between the device under test (DUT) and the multi-probe array is obtained. The multi-probe array is deployed in the mid-field region of the DUT. For example, a switching method can be used to control the multi-probe array to send detection signals and measure the response of the DUT, thereby accurately obtaining the transmission matrix.

[0041] In step 120, the antenna element response matrix of the device under test is determined based on the transmission matrix obtained above; subsequently, the actual antenna element radiation pattern of the device under test is reconstructed based on the antenna element response matrix of the device under test.

[0042] In step 130, the test control equipment calibrates each antenna channel of the device under test according to the reconstructed antenna array radiation pattern, eliminates the initial deviation of the device under test, and thus obtains the calibrated device under test.

[0043] In step 140, a test scenario is acquired, and the target weight is determined based on this test scenario, the antenna array element radiation pattern reconstructed in step 120, and the transmission matrix acquired in step 110. Next, this target weight is configured onto each probe of the multi-probe array using an amplitude and phase control network. Subsequently, based on the configured multi-probe array, various air interface parameters of the calibrated device under test are tested.

[0044] The OTA testing method provided in this application obtains the transmission matrix between the device under test (DUT) and a multi-probe array, and determines the antenna element response matrix of the DUT based on the transmission matrix, thereby reconstructing the antenna element radiation pattern of the DUT. This method enables accurate reconstruction of the antenna element radiation pattern of the DUT in the mid-field region. Furthermore, by determining the target weights through the test scenario, the antenna element radiation pattern, and the transmission matrix, the target weights are configured onto the multi-probe array. Based on the configured multi-probe array, the calibrated DUT is tested. This method effectively solves the shortcomings of existing OTA testing methods, such as low efficiency due to reliance on mechanical rotation and severe phase error accumulation, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of OTA testing.

[0045] In one embodiment, obtaining the transmission matrix between the device under test and the multi-probe array includes: Acquire multiple RF links and multiple probe units of a multi-probe array of the device under test; The multiple radio frequency links and multiple probe units are activated sequentially. In each activation cycle, a single radio frequency link among the multiple radio frequency links is activated, and a single probe unit among the multiple probe units is activated simultaneously, to obtain the transmission parameters in each activation state. The single radio frequency link corresponds to the single probe unit. The transmission matrix is ​​determined based on the transmission parameters in each activation state.

[0046] Specifically, multiple RF links refer to the transmit and receive channels of the device under test. For example, the number of multiple RF links can be 22; it can also be other numbers. This application does not impose a specific limitation on this.

[0047] Multiple probe elements refer to the independent antenna probes included in a multi-probe array. For example, the number of multiple probe elements can be 25; it can also be other numbers. This application does not make a specific limitation in this regard.

[0048] Transmission parameters refer to the signal transmission parameters characterizing the relationship between each independent antenna probe and a specific RF link. For example, transmission parameters may include the probe radiation pattern matrix of a multi-probe array, the free-space transmission matrix between the multi-probe array and the antenna elements of the device under test (DUT), the radiation pattern of the antenna elements of the DUT, and the inherent response deviations of the multiple RF links of the DUT. This application does not specifically limit these parameters.

[0049] Specifically, when acquiring the transmission matrix between the device under test (DUT) and the multi-probe array, the multiple RF links of the DUT are first acquired (assuming the number is...). (one) and multiple probe units of a multi-probe array (assuming the number is...) indivual).

[0050] Subsequently, a "switching method" is used to sequentially activate individual RF links from multiple RF links, and individual probe units from multiple probe units. For example, only one RF link of the device under test is activated during each iteration, and only one probe unit of the multi-probe array is activated simultaneously, with the transmission parameters recorded in each activation state. After completion... × After each traversal measurement, the complete transmission matrix is ​​determined by combining the transmission parameters recorded in each activation state. The transmission matrix satisfies formula (1): Formula (1) in, Represents the transfer matrix, and , Represents the field of complex numbers. Represents a complex number consisting of elements × A set of dimensional matrices; Indicates that all elements are 1 ×1 dimensional column vector; This represents the probe radiation pattern matrix of a multi-probe array, and ; This represents the free-space transmission matrix between the multi-probe array and the antenna elements of the device under test, and ; This represents the radiation pattern of the antenna elements of the device under test before reconstruction, and ; This represents the inherent response deviation of multiple RF links in the device under test, and , Represents a complex number consisting of elements A set of 1×1 dimensional column vectors; This represents the matrix transpose operation; It represents the Hadamard product.

[0051] It is understandable that inherent response deviation refers to the original amplitude and phase deviation carried by the antenna array elements and RF link of the device under test when it leaves the factory.

[0052] The OTA testing method provided in this application acquires multiple RF links and multiple probe units of a multi-probe array of the device under test (DUT), and sequentially activating individual RF links and individual probe units to obtain transmission parameters in each activation state. Based on the transmission parameters in each activation state, the transmission matrix is ​​determined. This method enables the rapid and accurate acquisition of the transmission matrix using only the switching control of the multi-probe array and the DUT, without the need for mechanical rotation of the DUT. This significantly improves testing efficiency in the mid-field region, and the method requires less space than traditional far-field testing, greatly reducing testing costs.

[0053] In one embodiment, determining the antenna element response matrix of the device under test based on the transmission matrix includes: Obtain the probe radiation pattern matrix and free space transmission matrix of the multi-probe array, and determine the antenna element response matrix of the device under test based on the probe radiation pattern matrix, free space transmission matrix and transmission matrix.

[0054] Specifically, the probe radiation pattern matrix refers to the set of radiation characteristic distributions of a multi-probe array at various spatial angles. For example, the probe radiation pattern matrix can be obtained based on the transmission parameters in each activation state; it can also be a basic distribution matrix derived and calculated through electromagnetic theory. This application does not impose any specific limitations on this.

[0055] The free-space transfer matrix can be obtained from the transfer parameters in each active state. This application does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0056] The antenna element response matrix refers to the matrix showing the radiation characteristics of each antenna element of the device under test after eliminating the influence of the probe itself and the propagation path, and the inherent deviation of the radio frequency link.

[0057] Specifically, after receiving the complete transmission matrix, the objective effects of probe gain and spatial path difference are eliminated by combining the pre-measured probe radiation pattern matrix and free-space transmission matrix, thereby obtaining the antenna element response matrix of the device under test. The antenna element response matrix is ​​given by formula (2): Formula (2) in, This represents the response matrix of the antenna array elements.

[0058] Furthermore, the antenna element response matrix is ​​processed by an interpolation algorithm to reconstruct the complete radiation pattern of each antenna element of the device under test, thus obtaining the combined response at any angle.

[0059] Understandably, in practical RF systems, the radiation pattern of the antenna elements of the device under test (DUT) and the inherent deviation of its RF link are superimposed at the signal level. Therefore, arbitrary angle data obtained through interpolation reconstruction not only represents the far-field radiation gain of the antenna but also includes the inherent hardware response deviation of the DUT's RF link. The combined response can be denoted as... , This indicates that the antenna array element of the device under test is at an angle. The far-field radiative response under the given conditions, and .

[0060] The OTA testing method provided in this application obtains the probe radiation pattern matrix and free space transmission matrix of a multi-probe array, and determines the antenna element response matrix of the device under test based on the probe radiation pattern matrix, free space transmission matrix, and transmission matrix. This method effectively eliminates the objective influence of probe gain and spatial path difference, and extracts the antenna element response matrix with high fidelity, providing reliable core basic data for subsequent reconstruction of the antenna element radiation pattern of the device under test.

[0061] In one embodiment, the device under test is calibrated based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern to obtain a calibrated device under test, including: Based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern, determine the radiation response of the device under test in the line-of-sight direction; The array calibration coefficients are determined based on the radiation response and the target calibration gain. Based on the array calibration coefficients, the phase shifters, attenuators, and power amplifiers of multiple RF links of the device under test are calibrated to obtain the calibrated device under test.

[0062] Specifically, the line-of-sight direction refers to the direction in which the center of the main beam of the antenna array element of the device under test points. For example, the line-of-sight direction can be the direction of 0° azimuth or 0° elevation; it can also be other preset reference directions. This application does not specifically limit this.

[0063] The target calibration gain refers to the ideal RF gain value expected to be achieved after calibration. For example, the target calibration gain could be 8 dBi; it could also be other values ​​set according to specific test requirements. This application does not impose any specific limitations on this.

[0064] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the calibration process for the OTA testing method provided in this application, as shown below. Figure 2As shown, this OTA testing method relies on a testing system. The testing system mainly includes a multi-probe array, an amplitude and phase control network, the device under test (DUT), and a set of testing instruments (such as a vector network analyzer). The vector network analyzer is used to measure the transmission matrix between the DUT and the multi-probe array, and its two ends are connected to Port1 and Port2, respectively.

[0065] Understandably, the test instrument group is used to perform transmission matrix measurements, radio frequency (RF) performance tests, and target sensing simulations. The test instrument group may also include a vector signal generator, a spectrum analyzer, and a radar target simulator. The vector signal generator and spectrum analyzer work together to perform RF performance tests such as equivalent omnidirectional radiated power and equivalent omnidirectional sensitivity; the radar target simulator generates target echo signals and, in conjunction with a multi-probe array, simulates dynamic targets.

[0066] Specifically, the multi-probe array is arranged spherically and contains multiple antenna probes. This multi-probe array is located in the mid-field region between the far-field distance of a single array element of the device under test and the far-field distance of the entire array, and the device under test is located at the center of the sphere.

[0067] The amplitude and phase control network is connected to each antenna probe of the multi-probe array, controlling the weight of each probe to provide probe excitation. The external connection port of the entire amplitude and phase control network is Port2. Port2 serves as the common RF port of the test system, used to connect the test instrument group to feed the test signal into the multi-probe array.

[0068] The device under test (DUT) is used to receive or transmit wireless test signals and to perform RF performance and sensing tests. For example, the DUT may contain multiple integrated phase shifters, attenuators, power amplifiers, and antenna array elements within its RF link. The external connection port of the DUT is Port1. Port1 serves as the DUT's main RF transceiver port and is also connected to the test instrument group to form a complete test link with Port2.

[0069] Specifically, firstly, based on the reconstructed antenna element radiation pattern, the radiation response of the device under test (DUT) in the line-of-sight direction is determined. For example, based on the array layout of the DUT, the radiation response of the DUT's antenna elements in the line-of-sight direction is extracted from the reconstructed antenna element radiation pattern. The radiation response of the DUT's antenna elements in the line-of-sight direction can be expressed as... ,and , This represents the far-field radiation response of the antenna array element of the device under test in a fixed direction.

[0070] Next, the array calibration coefficients are determined based on the radiation response and target calibration gain. The array calibration coefficients satisfy the following formula (3): Formula (3) in, Indicates the array calibration coefficient. Indicates the target calibration gain. Indicates that all elements are 1 ×1 dimensional column vector.

[0071] Finally, based on the array calibration coefficients, the phase shifters, attenuators, and power amplifiers of multiple RF links of the device under test are calibrated to achieve amplitude and phase consistency of multiple RF links of the device under test.

[0072] The OTA testing method provided in this application determines the radiation response of the device under test (DUT) in the line-of-sight direction by reconstructing the radiation pattern of the antenna array elements. Based on the radiation response and the target calibration gain, the array calibration coefficient is determined. Then, based on the array calibration coefficient, the phase shifters, attenuators, and power amplifiers of multiple RF links of the DUT are calibrated to obtain the calibrated DUT. This method achieves amplitude and phase consistency of multiple RF links of the DUT, effectively eliminating the response error between the antenna array elements and the RF links, and laying the foundation for subsequent high-precision RF performance testing and sensing performance testing.

[0073] In one embodiment, the target weight includes a first weight; Based on the test scenario, antenna array element radiation pattern, and transmission matrix, the target weights are determined, and then configured to the multi-probe array via an amplitude and phase control network, including: In the case of a test scenario that is an RF performance test scenario, the steering vector of each test angle and the inherent response deviation of multiple RF links of the device under test are obtained. Based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern, determine the first far-field radiation response of the device under test at each measured angle; The first weight of each angle to be measured is determined based on the steering vector, inherent response deviation, first far-field radiation response, and transmission matrix. The first weight is assigned to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network.

[0074] Understandably, in a test scenario focused on radio frequency (RF) performance, the aim is to evaluate the performance of the device under test (DUT) in transmitting and receiving wireless signals at the angle under test. Therefore, by precisely assigning the first weight to the multi-probe array, the array can effectively simulate the signal transmission and reception state of the DUT at the angle under test in a spatial electromagnetic field, without changing its physical location.

[0075] Specifically, the radio frequency (RF) performance test scenario refers to the test environment used to evaluate the basic communication transceiver performance of the device under test. For example, the RF performance test scenario could be EIRP testing or EIS testing. This application does not impose any specific limitations on this.

[0076] The angle under test refers to the observation angle or scanning angle set relative to the device under test by the multi-probe array during radio frequency testing. For example, the angle under test can be a specific angle between -35° and 35° azimuth; it can also be a step-by-step angle within the entire angle range. This application does not specifically limit this.

[0077] The steering vector refers to the theoretical phase delay vector of the antenna array element of the device under test in a specific spatial direction.

[0078] The first far-field radiation response refers to the far-field radiation response of the antenna element of the device under test at a specific measured angle, extracted from the radiation pattern of the reconstructed antenna element.

[0079] The first weight refers to the weight calculated by the multi-probe array in the RF performance testing scenario, used to simulate the signal reception and transmission of the device under test at different test angles. For example, the first weight can be a complex weight vector represented in matrix form; it can also be a set of preset configuration parameters stored in a weight configuration table. This application does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0080] Specifically, in the case of a test scenario that is an RF performance test scenario, the steering vector corresponding to each test angle is obtained, and the inherent response deviation of multiple RF links of the device under test is obtained.

[0081] Next, based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern, the far-field radiation response of the antenna array element of the device under test at each measured angle is extracted, thereby determining the first far-field radiation response at each measured angle.

[0082] Subsequently, based on the steering vector, inherent response deviation, first far-field radiation response, and transmission matrix, the receiving weight of the multi-probe array at each measured angle is calculated, and this receiving weight is denoted as the first weight. Specifically, the calculation of the first weight satisfies the following formula (4): Formula (4) in, Indicates the angle to be measured The first weight, This indicates that the antenna array element of the device under test is at the angle to be measured. Far-field radiative response, Indicates the angle to be measured The guide vector, and .

[0083] Finally, the first weight is configured to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network.

[0084] Optionally, after calculating the first weight for each test angle, the first weights corresponding to different test angles are stored as a lookup table. During RF performance testing, the amplitude and phase control network can configure the first weights of the multi-probe array in real time according to the lookup table, and start the vector signal generator and spectrum analyzer, thereby efficiently completing the RF performance testing of the device under test at different test angles.

[0085] Figure 3 This is an example diagram of the radio frequency performance test scenario provided in this application, such as... Figure 3 As shown, in the case of a test scenario that is an RF performance test scenario, the steering vector of each test angle and the inherent response deviation of multiple RF links of the device under test are obtained. Based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern, the first far-field radiation response of the device under test at each measured angle is determined.

[0086] Subsequently, the first weight of each measured angle is determined based on the steering vector, inherent response deviation, first far-field radiation response, and transmission matrix.

[0087] Next, the first weight is configured to the multi-probe array via an amplitude-phase control network. This network allows the multi-probe array to receive the signal radiated into space by the device under test (DUT) after being excited by the vector signal generator, without physically changing its position. It supports real-time updates of the first weight and enables testing at different angles without mechanical adjustments. Simultaneously, the spectrum analyzer records data, enabling RF performance testing at each angle under test.

[0088] The OTA testing method provided in this application obtains the steering vector of each test angle and the inherent response deviation of multiple RF links of the device under test. Based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern, the first far-field radiation response of the device under test at each test angle is determined. Then, based on the steering vector, inherent response deviation, first far-field radiation response, and transmission matrix, the first weight of each test angle is determined. Finally, the first weight is configured to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network. This method eliminates the need for mechanical rotation of the device under test, achieves large-angle spatial coverage and continuous testing, and significantly improves the efficiency of RF performance testing.

[0089] In one embodiment, the target weight includes a second weight; Based on the test scenario, antenna array element radiation pattern, and transmission matrix, the target weights are determined, and then configured to the multi-probe array via an amplitude and phase control network, including: In the case of a perception performance test scenario, the field distribution of the target angle at the antenna array element position of the device under test, as well as the inherent response deviation of multiple RF links of the device under test are obtained. Based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern, determine the second far-field radiation response of the device under test at the target angle; The second weight of the target angle is determined based on the field distribution, inherent response bias, second far-field radiation response, and transmission matrix. The second weight is configured to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network.

[0090] Understandably, in a perception performance test scenario, the aim is to evaluate the device under test's ability to detect the location of objects in external space. Therefore, by precisely assigning a second weight to the multi-probe array, the signal emitted by the multi-probe array, upon reaching the device under test, can simulate a radar signal reflected back from an object located at the target's angle in the spatial electromagnetic field.

[0091] Specifically, the perception performance test scenario refers to the test environment in which the performance of the device under test in terms of perception is evaluated. For example, perception performance testing can be target positioning accuracy testing; it can also be multi-target resolution testing. This application does not specifically limit this.

[0092] The target angle refers to the angular position of a virtual target in space generated by a radar target simulator. For example, the target angle can be a specific azimuth and elevation angle; it can also be the angular trajectory of a moving target that changes continuously over time. This application does not impose any specific limitations on this.

[0093] Field distribution refers to the electromagnetic field distribution at the location of the antenna array element of the device under test (DUT). It can be understood that the echo signal is the microwave signal reflected back after the electromagnetic waves emitted by the device encounter a physical obstacle during radar detection. In the OTA testing method of this application, there are no real physical obstacles in the anechoic chamber. The echo signal can be generated and transmitted to the DUT by a radar target simulator combined with a multi-probe array, or it can be adjusted according to the actual situation. This application does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0094] The second far-field radiation response refers to the far-field radiation response of the antenna array element of the device under test at the target angle, extracted from the radiation pattern of the reconstructed antenna array element.

[0095] The second weight refers to the excitation weighting coefficient applied to the target echo on the multi-probe array. For example, the second weight can be a calculated set of complex weights. This application does not specifically limit this.

[0096] Specifically, in the case of a perception performance test scenario, the field distribution of the target angle at the antenna array element position of the device under test is obtained, and the inherent response deviation of multiple RF links of the device under test is obtained.

[0097] Next, based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern, the far-field radiation response of the antenna array element of the device under test at the target angle is extracted, thereby determining the second far-field radiation response at the target angle.

[0098] Subsequently, based on the field distribution, inherent response deviation, second far-field radiation response, and transmission matrix, the excitation weight of the multi-probe array at the target angle is calculated, and this excitation weight is denoted as the second weight. Specifically, the calculation of the second weight satisfies the following formula (5): Formula (5) in, Indicates the target angle The second weight, This indicates the antenna array element of the device under test at the target angle. Far-field radiative response, Indicates the target angle Field distribution at the location of the antenna array element of the device under test, and .

[0099] Finally, the second weight is configured to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network.

[0100] Figure 4 This is an example diagram of the perception performance test scenario provided in this application, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the perception performance test scenario mainly includes the device under test (DUT) and radar transceiver connected to port 1 on the left, and the amplitude and phase control network and radar target simulator connected to ports 2 and 3 on the right. The circulator is used to directionally transmit the transmitted and received signals from the radar transceiver to achieve separation of the transmitted and received signals.

[0101] To simulate virtual target 1 and virtual target 2 in space, the field distribution of the target angle at the antenna array element position of the device under test is first obtained, as well as the inherent response deviation of multiple RF links of the device under test.

[0102] Next, based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern, the second far-field radiation response of the device under test at the target angle is determined.

[0103] Subsequently, based on the field distribution, inherent response deviation, second far-field radiation response, and transmission matrix, the second weight of the target angle is calculated and determined.

[0104] Finally, the second weight is configured to the multi-probe array via an amplitude and phase control network. Furthermore, the amplitude and phase control network also supports real-time updates of the second weight.

[0105] The radar target simulator injects echo signals through ports 2 and 3. The multi-probe array radiates signals to the device under test according to the configured second weight, thereby accurately synthesizing and simulating the dynamic sensing echo signals of virtual target 1 and virtual target 2 in space, and completing the multi-target sensing performance test in conjunction with the radar transceiver.

[0106] The OTA testing method provided in this application obtains the field distribution at the antenna element position of the target angle of the device under test (DUT) and the inherent response deviation of multiple RF links of the DUT. Then, based on the reconstructed antenna element radiation pattern, it determines the second far-field radiation response of the DUT at the target angle. Furthermore, based on the field distribution, inherent response deviation, second far-field radiation response, and transmission matrix, it determines the second weight of the target angle and configures the second weight to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network. This method enables accurate sensing performance testing and allows sensing performance evaluation to be completed without mechanically moving the DUT.

[0107] In one embodiment, configuring the second weight to the multi-probe array includes any of the following: When the target angle changes, the second weight is updated, and the updated second weight is configured to the multi-probe array through the amplitude and phase control network; Multiple target angles and their corresponding second weights are obtained; the second weights of the multiple target angles are superimposed to obtain a third weight; the third weight is configured to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network.

[0108] Specifically, the third weight refers to the comprehensive weight generated by mathematically superimposing or complexly superimposing the second weights corresponding to multiple independent target perspectives in order to achieve simultaneous simulation of multiple targets.

[0109] Optionally, when performing dynamic tracking or continuous single-target movement sensing performance tests, i.e., when the target angle changes, the amplitude-phase control network receives the target angle change information in real time. For example, the target angle can be set to continuously change from -35° to 35°. Subsequently, the amplitude-phase control network updates the second weight corresponding to each movement angle in real time, enabling testing at different angles without mechanical adjustment. The updated second weight is then configured into the multi-probe array, causing the multi-probe array to feed back a continuously dynamically changing echo signal to the device under test. The sensing positioning accuracy can then be obtained by reading the target positioning result of the device under test.

[0110] Optionally, when performing performance testing for concurrent multi-target sensing, the first step is to acquire multiple target angles to be simulated. For example, simultaneously acquiring three independent target angles: 0°, 30°, and -30°. Next, a second weight is calculated for each of the three angles. Then, the second weights for these three target angles are superimposed to obtain a third weight. Subsequently, the radar target simulator is connected to different ports of the amplitude-phase control network. Through the amplitude-phase control network, the third weight is configured to the multi-probe array, enabling the multi-probe array to simultaneously simulate the echoes of three targets located at 0°, 30°, and -30° in space, thereby meeting the multi-target sensing testing requirements for ISAC (Integrated Sensing and Communication) devices.

[0111] The OTA testing method provided in this application updates the second weight as the target angle changes, and configures the updated second weight to a multi-probe array to obtain multiple target angles and their corresponding second weights. The second weights corresponding to the multiple target angles are then superimposed to obtain a third weight, which is then configured to the multi-probe array. This method enables continuous and flexible simulation of dynamic target tracking tests without mechanically rotating the device under test, significantly improving the testing efficiency and realism of dynamic target tracking tests. Furthermore, by obtaining multiple target angles and their corresponding second weights, and superimposing these second weights to obtain a third weight, which is then configured to the multi-probe array, this method greatly expands the comprehensive functionality of perception performance testing, meeting the needs for detecting multiple targets in complex spaces.

[0112] To facilitate a clearer understanding of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of this application, further explanation is provided.

[0113] Figure 5 This is a signal model diagram of the OTA testing method provided in this application, such as... Figure 5 As shown, port 1 connects to the device under test (DUT), and port 2 connects to the amplitude and phase control network. The DUT internally contains... Each radio frequency link, by adjusting the phase shifters, attenuators, and power amplifiers within these links, can collaboratively achieve amplitude and phase control of the channel. The corresponding channel amplitude and phase control matrix is ​​expressed as follows: ,and Due to the errors in the antenna array elements and RF devices of the device under test, the inherent response deviation of multiple RF links of the device under test is... ,and ; This represents the radiation pattern of the antenna elements of the device under test before reconstruction, and .

[0114] Subsequently, the signal propagates through space between the device under test (DUT) and the probe array. The free-space transmission matrix between the multi-probe array and the antenna elements of the DUT is represented as follows: ,and .

[0115] Next, the multi-probe array transmits and receives signals. This multi-probe array contains... The radiation pattern matrix of a multi-probe array of antenna probes is represented as follows: ,and .

[0116] Therefore, a transmission matrix characterizing the wireless channel fading and phase changes between the device under test and the multi-probe array can be constructed, and this transmission matrix is ​​denoted as... .

[0117] Furthermore, the multi-probe array is connected to an amplitude-phase control network. The amplitude-phase control network calculates and assigns corresponding weights to each probe based on specific testing requirements; these weights are represented as... ,and .

[0118] As an optional embodiment, the OTA test system may include a signal transmitting device, a multi-probe array with 25 antenna probes arranged spherically, an amplitude and phase control network, a device under test with 22 antenna elements and multiple radio frequency links, and a complete set of test instruments.

[0119] Assuming the test scenario is in the 3.5GHz (gigahertz) band, and the test signal wavelength is... The antenna probe spacing of the multi-probe array is set to be greater than To meet the sparse arrangement requirements, the spherical radius of the multi-probe array is 3m, which meets the requirement of being deployed in the mid-field region of the device under test (the far-field distance of the device under test is 15m), that is, it is located between the far-field distance of a single antenna element of the device under test and the overall far-field distance of the 22 antenna arrays; the amplitude and phase control network adopts a high-speed digital signal processing chip, which supports real-time updates of the first and second weights; the test instrument group includes a vector network analyzer, a vector signal generator, a spectrum analyzer, and a radar target simulator in the millimeter-wave band.

[0120] In the above scenario, the wireless test signal is sent from the signal transmitting device and reaches the multi-probe array through the mid-field transmission link between the device under test and the multi-probe array to realize the radio frequency index test scenario; the echo signal generated by the radar target simulator is radiated through the multi-probe array and reaches the device under test through the mid-field transmission link to realize the perception performance test scenario.

[0121] For OTA testing of ISAC devices, the most important aspects are achieving efficient testing of RF parameters and continuous dynamic simulation of the sensing target. In real-world testing environments, far-field testing of the device under test requires an ultra-large anechoic chamber. Traditional virtual multi-probe solutions cannot accurately reflect the amplitude and phase modulation errors of the device under test. However, this application, in the mid-field region, combines the spherical arrangement characteristics of a multi-probe array and controls the first and second weights of each probe to achieve large-angle coverage. This eliminates the need for mechanically rotating the device under test, enabling integrated communication-sensing performance testing of ISAC devices.

[0122] As an optional embodiment, an OTA test system is deployed to acquire 22 RF links and 25 probe units of the multi-probe array from the device under test (DUT). A vector network analyzer is connected to the DUT at one end and to the amplitude and phase control network at the other. It sequentially activates individual RF links from the 22 DUT RF links and individual probe units from the 25 probe units of the multi-probe array, obtaining the transmission parameters for each activation state. After completing 22 × 25 = 550 activations, the complete transmission matrix is ​​determined based on the transmission parameters for each activation state. The entire transmission matrix measurement process takes 5 minutes.

[0123] Subsequently, after acquiring the complete transmission matrix, the signal transmitter further acquires the probe radiation pattern matrix and free-space transmission matrix of the multi-probe array. The probe radiation pattern matrix and free-space transmission matrix are then removed from the transmission matrix to eliminate the influence of probe gain and spatial path difference, thus determining the antenna element response matrix of the device under test. The antenna element response matrix is ​​obtained by performing a Hadamard product operation on the antenna element radiation pattern matrix and the inherent response deviations of multiple RF links. A cubic spline interpolation algorithm is then used to process the antenna element response matrix, reconstructing the antenna element radiation pattern of each antenna element within the (-35°, 35°) azimuth and (-35°, 35°) elevation angle range, thus obtaining the first far-field radiation response at each measured angle.

[0124] Next, given the layout of the 22 antenna elements of the device under test (DUT), the radiation response of the DUT in the line-of-sight direction (0° azimuth, 0° elevation) is determined based on the reconstructed antenna element radiation pattern. Based on the radiation response and the target calibration gain, the array calibration coefficients are determined; for example, the target calibration gain can be set to 8 dBi (decibels). Using the array calibration coefficients, the phase shifters, attenuators, and power amplifiers of multiple RF links of the DUT are calibrated to achieve amplitude and phase consistency across the 22 RF links. After calibration, the amplitude and phase deviation of each RF link is ≤0.5 dB / 5°, resulting in the calibrated DUT.

[0125] In the RF performance testing scenario, for each test angle within the (-35°, 35°) azimuth range, the steering vector for each test angle is acquired every 1°, along with the inherent response deviations of multiple RF links of the device under test (DUT). Based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern, the first far-field radiation response of the DUT at each test angle is determined. Based on the steering vector, inherent response deviation, first far-field radiation response, and transmission matrix, the first weight for each test angle is determined, and the first weights corresponding to the 70 angles are stored as a lookup table. The first weights are configured to the multi-probe array according to the lookup table using an amplitude and phase control network, and the vector signal generator and spectrum analyzer are activated to complete the EIRP test of the calibrated DUT at all angles.

[0126] Figure 6 This is an example diagram of the radio frequency performance test results provided in this application, such as... Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the horizontal axis represents "angle (degrees)," ranging from -60° to 60°; the vertical axis represents "gain (decibels)," corresponding to the EIRP measured by the device under test at different angles. The reconstructed image represents the reconstruction results obtained by sampling tests at multiple discrete angles using the OTA test method of this application. The interpolated reference pattern represents the reference result obtained by interpolating the sampled reference pattern results obtained at multiple discrete angles. It should be noted that both the reconstructed image and the interpolated reference pattern are obtained based on sampling at multiple discrete angles. To more intuitively compare the differences between the reconstructed results obtained by the OTA test method of this application and the reference pattern, interpolation is performed on the discrete sampling results of the reference pattern, making the reference pattern appear as a continuous curve; while for the reconstructed image obtained by the OTA test method of this application, no interpolation is performed, and the sampling points corresponding to each discrete angle are directly shown. From the results in the figure, it can be clearly seen that within the set test angle range, the solid line trajectories of the reconstructed image and the interpolated reference pattern are highly consistent, accurately restoring the gain fluctuation characteristics of the antenna main lobe and multiple side lobes on both sides. This fully verifies that the test method can still achieve high-precision RF performance testing even in a limited mid-range space and without the need for mechanical rotation of the device under test.

[0127] In a perception performance test scenario, the field distribution of the target angle at the antenna element position of the device under test (DUT) and the inherent response deviations of multiple RF links of the DUT are acquired. Based on the reconstructed antenna element radiation pattern, the second far-field radiation response of the DUT at the target angle is determined. Then, based on the field distribution, inherent response deviations, second far-field radiation response, and transmission matrix, the second weight of the target angle is determined. A radar target simulator is connected to different ports of the amplitude-phase control network. When the target angle changes (e.g., continuously changing from -35° to 35°), the second weight is updated in real-time through the amplitude-phase control network and configured to the multi-probe array. Echo signals are injected into the DUT to achieve continuous dynamic change of the target angle. The positioning result of the calibrated DUT is read, and its positioning error is ≤0.5°, verifying the dynamic target simulation capability of this application.

[0128] Figure 7 This is an example diagram of the perception performance test results provided in this application, such as... Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the horizontal axis represents "angle (degrees)," ranging from -60° to 60°; the vertical axis represents "power (decibels / watts)," corresponding to the signal power level received or measured by the device under test at different angles. The mid-field multi-probe array represents the test results obtained by sampling at multiple discrete angles using the OTA test method of this application. The interpolated far-field probe represents the reference result obtained by interpolating the sampling results obtained by the far-field probe at multiple discrete angles. It should be noted that both the mid-field multi-probe array and the interpolated far-field probe are based on sampling at multiple discrete angles. To more intuitively compare the differences between the mid-field multi-probe array and the far-field probe, the discrete sampling of the far-field probe is interpolated so that the reference result of the far-field probe is shown as a continuous curve; while the test results of the mid-field multi-probe array are not interpolated and are directly shown as the sampling points corresponding to each discrete angle. The results in the figure clearly show that, within the set wide-angle test range, the solid line trajectories of the mid-field multi-probe array and the interpolated far-field probe are highly consistent, accurately reproducing the power fluctuation characteristics of the offset main lobe and multiple side lobes on both sides. This fully verifies that the proposed testing method can not only achieve continuous dynamic changes in the target angle, but also realize high-precision sensing performance testing and dynamic target simulation within a limited space through precise weight control.

[0129] The OTA testing device provided in this application is described below. The OTA testing device described below can be referred to in correspondence with the OTA testing method described above, and can achieve the same technical effect. It will not be described again here.

[0130] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the OTA testing device provided in this application, as shown below. Figure 8As shown, the device may include: The acquisition module 810 is used to acquire the transmission matrix between the device under test and the multi-probe array; The reconstruction module 820 is used to determine the antenna element response matrix of the device under test based on the transmission matrix, and to reconstruct the antenna element radiation pattern of the device under test based on the antenna element response matrix of the device under test. The calibration module 830 is used to calibrate the device under test according to the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern to obtain the calibrated device under test; The test module 840 is used to determine the target weight based on the test scenario, the radiation pattern of the antenna array elements, and the transmission matrix, and to configure the target weight to the multi-probe array through the amplitude and phase control network; and to test the calibrated device under test according to the configured multi-probe array. The multi-probe array is deployed in the midfield area of ​​the device under test.

[0131] In one embodiment, the acquisition module 810 is specifically used for: Acquire multiple radio frequency links of the device under test and multiple probe units of the multi-probe array; The multiple radio frequency links and multiple probe units are activated sequentially. In each activation cycle, a single radio frequency link among the multiple radio frequency links is activated, and a single probe unit among the multiple probe units is activated simultaneously, to obtain the transmission parameters in each activation state. The single radio frequency link corresponds to the single probe unit. The transmission matrix is ​​determined based on the transmission parameters in each activation state.

[0132] In one embodiment, the reconstruction module 820 is specifically used for: The probe radiation pattern matrix and free space transmission matrix of the multi-probe array are obtained, and the antenna element response matrix of the device under test is determined based on the probe radiation pattern matrix, free space transmission matrix and transmission matrix.

[0133] In one embodiment, the calibration module 830 is specifically used for: Based on the reconstructed radiation pattern of the antenna array elements, the radiation response of the device under test in the line-of-sight direction is determined. The array calibration coefficients are determined based on the radiation response and the target calibration gain. Based on the array calibration coefficients, the phase shifters, attenuators, and power amplifiers of multiple RF links of the device under test are calibrated to obtain the calibrated device under test.

[0134] In one embodiment, the target weight includes a first weight; The test module 840 is specifically used for: In the case of a test scenario that is a radio frequency performance test scenario, the steering vector of each test angle and the inherent response deviation of multiple radio frequency links of the device under test are obtained. Based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern, the first far-field radiation response of the device under test at each test angle is determined. Based on the steering vector, inherent response deviation, first far-field radiation response, and transmission matrix, determine the first weight of each angle to be measured; The first weight is configured to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network.

[0135] In one embodiment, the target weight includes a second weight; The test module 840 is specifically used for: In the case of a perception performance test, the field distribution of the target angle at the antenna array element position of the device under test is obtained, as well as the inherent response deviation of multiple radio frequency links of the device under test. Based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern, determine the second far-field radiation response of the device under test at the target angle; The second weight of the target angle is determined based on the field distribution, the inherent response deviation, the second far-field radiation response, and the transmission matrix. The second weight is configured to the multi-probe array via an amplitude and phase control network.

[0136] In one embodiment, the test module 840 is specifically used for any of the following: When the target angle changes, the second weight is updated, and the updated second weight is configured to the multi-probe array; Multiple target angles are acquired, along with corresponding second weights. The second weights corresponding to the multiple target angles are superimposed to obtain a third weight. The third weight is then configured into a multi-probe array.

[0137] Figure 9 An example is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of an electronic device, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 910, a communications interface 920, a memory 930, and a communication bus 940, wherein the processor 910, the communications interface 920, and the memory 930 communicate with each other via the communication bus 940. The processor 910 can call logical instructions in the memory 930 to execute the OTA testing method described in any of the above embodiments, for example including: Obtain the transmission matrix between the device under test and the multi-probe array; Based on the transmission matrix, the antenna element response matrix of the device under test is determined, and the antenna element radiation pattern of the device under test is reconstructed based on the antenna element response matrix of the device under test. The device under test is calibrated based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern to obtain the calibrated device under test; Based on the test scenario, antenna array element radiation pattern, and transmission matrix, the target weight is determined, and the target weight is configured to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network; the calibrated device under test is then tested based on the configured multi-probe array. The multi-probe array is deployed in the midfield area of ​​the device under test.

[0138] Furthermore, the logical instructions in the aforementioned memory 930 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0139] On the other hand, this application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, is implemented to perform the OTA testing method described in any of the above embodiments, for example including: Obtain the transmission matrix between the device under test and the multi-probe array; Based on the transmission matrix, the antenna element response matrix of the device under test is determined, and the antenna element radiation pattern of the device under test is reconstructed based on the antenna element response matrix of the device under test. The device under test is calibrated based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern to obtain the calibrated device under test; Based on the test scenario, antenna array element radiation pattern, and transmission matrix, the target weight is determined, and the target weight is configured to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network; the calibrated device under test is then tested based on the configured multi-probe array. The multi-probe array is deployed in the midfield area of ​​the device under test.

[0140] Furthermore, this application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that can be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer is able to execute the OTA testing method provided by the above methods, the method comprising: Obtain the transmission matrix between the device under test and the multi-probe array; Based on the transmission matrix, the antenna element response matrix of the device under test is determined, and the antenna element radiation pattern of the device under test is reconstructed based on the antenna element response matrix of the device under test. The device under test is calibrated based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern to obtain the calibrated device under test; Based on the test scenario, antenna array element radiation pattern, and transmission matrix, the target weight is determined, and the target weight is configured to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network; the calibrated device under test is then tested based on the configured multi-probe array. The multi-probe array is deployed in the midfield area of ​​the device under test.

[0141] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0142] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0143] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An OTA testing method, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the transmission matrix between the device under test and the multi-probe array; Based on the transmission matrix, the antenna element response matrix of the device under test is determined, and the antenna element radiation pattern of the device under test is reconstructed based on the antenna element response matrix of the device under test. The device under test is calibrated based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern to obtain the calibrated device under test; Based on the test scenario, the radiation pattern of the antenna array elements, and the transmission matrix, the target weight is determined, and the target weight is configured to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network; the calibrated device under test is then tested based on the configured multi-probe array. The multi-probe array is deployed in the midfield area of ​​the device under test.

2. The OTA testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of the transmission matrix between the device under test and the multi-probe array includes: Acquire multiple radio frequency links of the device under test and multiple probe units of the multi-probe array; The multiple radio frequency links and multiple probe units are activated sequentially. In each activation cycle, a single radio frequency link among the multiple radio frequency links is activated, and a single probe unit among the multiple probe units is activated simultaneously, to obtain the transmission parameters in each activation state. The single radio frequency link corresponds to the single probe unit. The transmission matrix is ​​determined based on the transmission parameters in each activation state.

3. The OTA testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the antenna element response matrix of the device under test based on the transmission matrix includes: The probe radiation pattern matrix and free space transmission matrix of the multi-probe array are obtained, and the antenna element response matrix of the device under test is determined based on the probe radiation pattern matrix, free space transmission matrix and transmission matrix.

4. The OTA testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of calibrating the device under test based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern to obtain the calibrated device under test includes: Based on the reconstructed radiation pattern of the antenna array elements, the radiation response of the device under test in the line-of-sight direction is determined. The array calibration coefficients are determined based on the radiation response and the target calibration gain. Based on the array calibration coefficients, the phase shifters, attenuators, and power amplifiers of multiple RF links of the device under test are calibrated to obtain the calibrated device under test.

5. The OTA testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target weight includes a first weight; The step of determining the target weight based on the test scenario, the radiation pattern of the antenna array elements, and the transmission matrix, and configuring the target weight to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network, includes: When the test scenario is a radio frequency performance test scenario, the steering vector of each test angle and the inherent response deviation of multiple radio frequency links of the device under test are obtained. Based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern, the first far-field radiation response of the device under test at each test angle is determined. Based on the steering vector, inherent response deviation, first far-field radiation response, and transmission matrix, determine the first weight of each angle to be measured; The first weight is configured to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network.

6. The OTA testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target weight includes a second weight; The step of determining the target weight based on the test scenario, the radiation pattern of the antenna array elements, and the transmission matrix, and configuring the target weight to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network, includes: When the test scenario is a perception performance test scenario, the field distribution of the target angle at the antenna array element position of the device under test, as well as the inherent response deviation of multiple radio frequency links of the device under test are obtained. Based on the reconstructed antenna array element radiation pattern, determine the second far-field radiation response of the device under test at the target angle; The second weight of the target angle is determined based on the field distribution, inherent response deviation, second far-field radiation response, and transmission matrix. The second weight is configured to the multi-probe array via an amplitude and phase control network.

7. The OTA testing method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The configuration of the second weight to the multi-probe array via the amplitude-phase control network includes any one of the following: When the target angle changes, the second weight is updated, and the updated second weight is configured to the multi-probe array through the amplitude and phase control network; Obtain multiple target angles and the second weights corresponding to the multiple target angles; The second weights corresponding to multiple target angles are superimposed to obtain the third weight; the third weight is configured into the multi-probe array through the amplitude and phase control network.

8. An OTA testing device, characterized in that, The device includes: The acquisition module is used to acquire the transmission matrix between the device under test and the multi-probe array; The reconstruction module is used to determine the antenna element response matrix of the device under test based on the transmission matrix, and to reconstruct the antenna element radiation pattern of the device under test based on the antenna element response matrix of the device under test. The calibration module is used to calibrate the device under test according to the reconstructed radiation pattern of the antenna array elements, so as to obtain the calibrated device under test; The testing module is used to determine the target weights based on the test scenario, the radiation pattern of the antenna array elements, and the transmission matrix, and to configure the target weights to the multi-probe array through an amplitude and phase control network; and to test the calibrated device under test based on the configured multi-probe array. The multi-probe array is deployed in the midfield area of ​​the device under test.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the OTA testing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the OTA testing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

11. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the OTA testing method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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