A low-altitude airspace differentiated service management method based on a 5G network slice

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of low-altitude economy, and particularly relates to a low-altitude airspace differentiated service management method based on 5G network slices, aiming at the problem that the traditional network service mode cannot meet the differentiated demands due to the huge demand differences of the existing communication network, and the following scheme is proposed, which comprises the following steps: S1: a core linkage scheduling module performs low-altitude industry service level division and SLA quantitative modeling: a low-altitude industry service characteristic evaluation index system is constructed, the communication demands of different low-altitude industry services are accurately matched through hierarchical slicing customization, algorithmic collaborative scheduling and dynamic resource allocation, low-latency and high-reliability communication of key services such as emergency rescue is ensured; meanwhile, the network resource utilization rate is improved, the differentiated service package operation and the new business model construction are realized, the communication safety is strengthened through the safety isolation mechanism, the adaptive communication guarantee is provided for various applications of low-altitude economy, and the healthy and orderly development of the industry is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of low-altitude economic technology, and in particular to a method for managing differentiated low-altitude airspace services based on 5G network slicing. Background Technology

[0002] Chinese patent application number 202510390505.1 discloses a method and apparatus for refined airspace management based on acceptable risk. It innovatively adopts a gridded airspace division model, integrating multi-source data from ground attributes, historical accidents, meteorological environment, and aircraft activities to construct a risk assessment model. Deep reinforcement learning is used to adaptively adjust risk tolerance thresholds, establishing differentiated regional access standards. Combined with task-level assessment and risk early warning mechanisms, it achieves accurate assessment of UAV operational safety. Multi-objective optimization algorithms are used for flight path planning, coupled with emergency avoidance strategies for collaborative control, and the prevention and control mechanism is continuously optimized through risk source analysis. This method effectively addresses the shortcomings of traditional technologies in refined management, risk assessment, and collaborative control, significantly improving the safety and efficiency of urban low-altitude airspace management.

[0003] However, this airspace fine-grained management method and device based on acceptable risk also has some problems. For example, the low-altitude economy will give rise to a variety of applications, such as emergency rescue, medical emergency, power line inspection, logistics distribution, and recreational aerial photography. These services have vastly different requirements for communication networks (latency, bandwidth, reliability). For example, emergency rescue requires extremely low latency and high reliability, while recreational aerial photography can tolerate a certain level of latency. If all services share the same network resources, critical services may be unable to perform normally due to network congestion, resulting in serious consequences. The traditional "best-effort" network service model cannot meet these differentiated needs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Given the significant differences in communication network requirements and the inability of traditional network service models to meet these diverse needs, this invention proposes a low-altitude airspace differentiated service management method based on 5G network slicing.

[0005] This invention proposes a method for low-altitude airspace differentiated service management based on 5G network slicing, comprising the following steps: S1: The core linkage scheduling module classifies low-altitude flight services and performs SLA quantitative modeling: it constructs a low-altitude flight service characteristic evaluation index system, which includes four primary indicators: service urgency, scope of impact, service continuity requirements, and economic value. Each primary indicator has 3-5 secondary sub-indicators. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to determine the weight coefficients of each indicator. The calculation process for the weight coefficients is as follows: First, construct pairwise comparison judgment matrices. ,in express The index is relative to the first. The importance of each indicator is represented by a value from 1 to 9 and its reciprocal. Then calculate the largest eigenvalue of the judgment matrix. and its corresponding eigenvectors ; Next, a consistency check is performed, using consistency indicators. When the consistency ratio When the matrix satisfies the consistency requirement, where The average random consistency index; Calculate the overall business score based on the weighting coefficients and actual business characteristics data. ,in For the first The standardized values ​​of each indicator; Based on the comprehensive score, low-altitude flight services are divided into 5 levels: L1 emergency rescue services, L2 medical emergency delivery services, L3 critical facility inspection services, L4 general logistics delivery services, and L5 recreational aerial photography services. Quantitative Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are established for each service tier, with SLA metrics including maximum end-to-end latency. Minimum guaranteed bandwidth Connection reliability Maximum packet loss rate ; Construct a quantitative evaluation function for SLA compliance ,in As indicator weight and , This is the actual delay. This is the actual bandwidth. For actual reliability, This represents the actual packet loss rate. ,when SLA is determined to be compliant at that time; S2: Customized Slice Creation Module performs customized creation of dedicated 5G network slices: Based on Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) technologies, 1-3 dedicated 5G network slices are created for each service level. Each network slice includes three functional levels: access network slice, transport network slice, and core network slice. Access network slicing allocates dedicated radio access resources for each service level, including physical resource blocks (PRBs), time slot resources, and power resources. Transmission network slicing uses elastic optical network technology to allocate dedicated transmission links and bandwidth resources for different service levels; The core network slicing adopts a lightweight core network architecture and deploys dedicated User Plane Functions (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF), and Session Management Functions (SMF). Construct a mapping function between business levels and slice resources. ,in For business level, The number of PRBs for the corresponding grade slice. The transmission bandwidth for the corresponding slice level. The number of UPF deployments for the corresponding level slice; For L1 and L2 high-priority services, a dual-active redundancy deployment method is adopted to create two slices, a primary slice and a backup slice. The resource configurations of the primary slice and the backup slice are completely identical, and the switching latency does not exceed 50ms. For L3-L5 level services, a single slice deployment method is adopted, reserving 10%-30% of elastic resources according to the fluctuation of service traffic; S3: Coordinated scheduling of airspace resources and network slice resources: Establish a linkage interface between the low-altitude flight management system and the 5G core network slice management system. The interface adopts a RESTful API architecture, the data interaction format is JSON, and the communication protocol uses TLS1.3 encryption. When receiving a user's flight plan application, the low-altitude flight management system extracts key information from the application, such as the service level, flight area, flight duration, and UAV terminal identification. Construct a multi-objective optimization model for airspace-network resource collaborative scheduling, with the optimization objective being: Minimum end-to-end latency Guarantee maximum bandwidth Highest connection reliability; Constraints include: airspace resource constraints The allocated airspace area shall not exceed the total airspace area of ​​the region, subject to slice resource constraints. The allocated slice resources shall not exceed the total slice resources, and the SLA compliance constraint shall be met. ; The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm NSGA-II is used to solve this multi-objective optimization model. The algorithm steps are as follows: initialize the population, with a population size of... Individual airspace-slice resource allocation scheme; Calculate the fitness value of an individual and evaluate it based on the optimization objective and constraints; The selection, crossover, and mutation operations are performed. The selection operation uses the tournament selection method, the crossover operation uses the simulated binary crossover method, and the mutation operation uses the polynomial mutation method. Individual selection is performed using non-dominated ranking and crowding calculation, retaining the optimal one. Individual; Repeat the steps until the maximum number of iterations is reached. ; The system outputs the optimal airspace and network slice resource allocation scheme. The low-altitude flight management system completes the flight plan approval based on the scheme and sends the slice allocation results to the UAV terminal and the 5G core network. S4: Resource Monitoring and Dynamic Allocation Module for Dynamic Monitoring and Intelligent Allocation of Network Slice Resources: A slice resource monitoring module is deployed in the 5G core network slice management system. The module uses a sliding window algorithm to collect the resource utilization rate of each slice in real time, including PRB utilization rate. Bandwidth utilization UPF resource utilization rate The sliding window size is The collection cycle is ; Set resource utilization threshold for each slice The thresholds for L1 and L2 level slices are The threshold for L3-L5 level slices is ; When the resource utilization rate of a certain level slice exceeds the threshold, a dynamic resource allocation process is triggered. A resource allocation model based on a greedy algorithm is constructed, with the following allocation rules: resources are prioritized from the elastic resources of low-priority slices; when no elastic resources are available for a low-priority slice, resources are allocated from its reserved resources. The amount of resources allocated satisfies the following conditions: ,in For high-priority slice resource requirements, Available resources for low-priority slices; After resource allocation is completed, update the slice resource configuration information and monitor SLA compliance in real time; When high-priority service traffic decreases, the slice resource utilization rate falls below the threshold. When this happens, the resource replenishment process is initiated, and the allocated resources are returned to the low-priority slices. S5: Secure isolation and lifecycle management of network slices using the security isolation and lifecycle management module: The SM4 symmetric encryption algorithm (a national standard) is used to encrypt communication data between slices. The encryption key is dynamically generated and distributed by the slice management system, with a key update cycle of [missing information]. ; A virtual firewall is deployed between slices. The firewall uses deep packet inspection (DPI) technology to block unauthorized data exchanges between slices. Construct a blockchain-based slice identity authentication mechanism, write information such as drone terminal identifier, slice identifier, and SLA index into the blockchain to achieve immutability and traceability of identity authentication; Establish a full lifecycle management process for slices, which includes five stages: slice requirement analysis, resource allocation, deployment and testing, operation and maintenance, and deregistration and recycling. During the slice deregistration phase, a resource reclamation algorithm is used to release the physical resources occupied by the slice. The reclamation priority is: transmission network resources > access network resources > core network resources, to ensure the efficiency and security of resource reclamation. S6: Use the service quality assessment and level adjustment module to conduct service quality assessments and dynamically adjust business levels: regularly assess the SLA compliance of each business level, with an assessment cycle of [missing information]. ; When the SLA compliance rate of a certain business is below 90% for three consecutive evaluation periods, the business level dynamic adjustment process is triggered. The comprehensive score is recalculated based on the latest characteristic data of the business, the business level is adjusted, and the corresponding SLA indicators and slice resource configuration are updated. When the SLA compliance rate of a certain service exceeds 99% for three consecutive evaluation cycles, resource allocation can be appropriately reduced based on user requests to improve resource utilization. Through tiered slicing customization, algorithmic collaborative scheduling, and dynamic resource allocation, the communication needs of different low-altitude flight services can be accurately matched to ensure low-latency and high-reliability communication for critical services such as emergency rescue. At the same time, network resource utilization can be improved to realize differentiated service package operation and the construction of new business models. Communication security can be strengthened through security isolation mechanisms to adapt to dynamic changes in services and provide adaptable communication guarantees for various applications in the low-altitude economy, thus contributing to the healthy and orderly development of the industry.

[0006] Preferably, in S1, the secondary sub-indicators of the business characteristic evaluation index system are: the secondary sub-indicators of business urgency include response time requirements, task completion timeliness requirements, and fault tolerance. The secondary sub-indicators of the scope of impact include the area covered, the number of people involved, and the degree of socio-economic impact; The secondary sub-indicators of service continuity requirements include interruption tolerance time, fault recovery time, and backup link requirements; The secondary sub-indicators of economic value include revenue per task, revenue per unit of time, and resource input cost; The standardization of the secondary sub-indicators adopts the extreme value method, and the standardization formula is as follows: ,in The actual value of the sub-indicator. This represents the maximum value of the sub-indicator. The minimum value of the sub-indicators is used to refine the secondary sub-indicators for business characteristic evaluation and the extreme value standardization method, so that the business level classification can get rid of subjective judgment, achieve the accuracy of classification based on quantitative data, and provide a scientific basis for subsequent SLA formulation and slice resource matching.

[0007] Preferably, in S1, the specific values ​​of the SLA indicators for each service level are: Level 1 emergency rescue services , , , ; Level 2 medical emergency delivery service , , , ; Level 3 Critical Facility Inspection Services , , , ; Level 4 general logistics and distribution services , , , ; Level 5 recreational aerial photography service , , , ; The weights of the SLA compliance assessment function are: , , , This involves clarifying the specific values ​​of SLA indicators and the weights of evaluation functions for each business level, establishing a unified and quantifiable standard for judging SLA compliance, providing a clear basis for service quality monitoring, and improving the standardization and operability of SLA management.

[0008] Preferably, in S2, the PRB allocation rule for access network slices is as follows: L1 level slices are allocated 30% of the total PRBs, L2 level slices are allocated 20%, L3 level slices are allocated 15%, L4 level slices are allocated 15%, and L5 level slices are allocated 20%. The number of UPFs deployed for core network slices is as follows: 2 UPFs are deployed for L1 and L2 slices, using a primary-backup redundancy mode; 1 UPF is deployed for L3 slices; and 1 UPF is shared for L4 and L5 slices. The elastic resource reservation ratio for slices is as follows: 30% reserved for L1 and L2 slices, 20% reserved for L3 slices, and 10% reserved for L4 and L5 slices. The rules for access network PRB allocation, core network UPF deployment, and elastic resource reservation are refined to achieve fine-grained configuration of slice resources. High-priority services receive sufficient resource guarantees, while low-priority services are allocated resources on demand, avoiding resource waste while ensuring the stability of critical service communications.

[0009] Preferably, in S3, the linkage interface between the low-altitude flight management system and the 5G core network slicing management system includes the following data exchange content: flight plan application information, service level identifier, slice allocation result, SLA monitoring data, and resource allocation instructions. The parameters of the NSGA-II algorithm are set as follows: population size Maximum number of iterations Crossover probability Probability of mutation ; The constraints of the multi-objective optimization model also include the communication capability constraints of the UAV terminal, namely, the allocated slice bandwidth does not exceed the maximum transmission bandwidth of the UAV terminal. This clarifies the data interaction content of the linkage interface, the NSGA-II algorithm parameters, and the UAV communication capability constraints, improving the accuracy of coordinated scheduling of airspace and network resources. This makes the allocation scheme more closely match the actual communication capabilities of the UAV terminal, optimizes the solution efficiency of the multi-objective optimization model, and ensures optimal service quality.

[0010] Preferably, in S4, the indicators collected by the slice resource monitoring module also include slice latency jitter, connection establishment success rate, and handover success rate; The adjustment rules for the resource utilization threshold are as follows: when the volume of low-altitude flight operations in the region increases by more than 50%, the threshold will be reduced by 10%; when the volume of operations decreases by more than 50%, the threshold will be increased by 10%. The greedy algorithm for resource allocation models involves the following steps: determining the resource requirements of high-priority slices. ; Traverse the low-priority slices and calculate the available resources for each low-priority slice. ; Prioritize the low-priority slice with the most available resources, and allocate the following amount of resources: ; Update the resource configurations for high-priority and low-priority slices; Repeat steps 1-4 until the resource requirements of high-priority slices are met or no resources are available. Supplement resource monitoring metrics, dynamic threshold adjustment rules, and greedy algorithm execution steps to make resource monitoring more comprehensive. Thresholds can adapt to fluctuations in business volume, the resource allocation process is clearer and more efficient, and it can quickly respond to sudden resource demands from high-priority businesses while ensuring that low-priority businesses are not excessively affected.

[0011] Preferably, in S5, the deep packet inspection technology of the virtual firewall includes the following detection rules: Data packets are filtered based on slice identifiers, allowing only data packets within the same slice to be transmitted; Packet priorities are set based on service level, with packets from high-priority services being forwarded first. Filter packets containing unauthorized protocols based on protocol type; The blockchain-based identity authentication mechanism adopts a consortium blockchain architecture, with nodes including low-altitude flight management system nodes, 5G core network nodes, drone terminal nodes, and regulatory department nodes. The consensus mechanism employs the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (PBFT) algorithm, refining the virtual firewall's deep packet inspection rules and the blockchain consortium blockchain identity authentication mechanism to strengthen security isolation between data slices. It intercepts unauthorized data interactions, ensuring that identity authentication information is tamper-proof and traceable, thereby improving the security of low-altitude communication and preventing risks of illegal intrusion and data leakage.

[0012] Preferably, in S5, the deployment testing phase of slice lifecycle management adopts a combination of simulation testing and field testing. The simulation testing tool is OMNeT++, and the field testing selects typical low-altitude flight scenarios, including urban areas, suburban areas, and mountainous areas. The specific steps of the resource reclamation algorithm are as follows: stop service access to the slice; disconnect the transmission link of the slice and release transmission network resources; reclaim PRB resources and time slot resources of the access network; unload the functional modules of the core network and release server resources; update the resource status of the resource management system, clarify the simulation + field combination method of slice deployment testing and the priority steps of resource reclamation, and ensure that the slice deployment quality meets the standards. The resource reclamation process is orderly and efficient, prioritizing the release of resources with high idle rates, improving resource recycling rate, and avoiding long-term idle waste of physical resources.

[0013] Preferably, in step S6, the service quality assessment indicators also include user satisfaction, which is obtained through a questionnaire survey and scored on a 5-point scale. The triggering conditions for the dynamic adjustment process of business level also include changes in business type and changes in user requirements; When a service level is adjusted, the slice management system reconfigures slice resources within 5 minutes to ensure uninterrupted service. It also supplements user satisfaction evaluation indicators and diversifies the triggering conditions for service level adjustments, making service quality assessment more comprehensive. Level adjustments can adapt to changes in business type and user needs, dynamically optimizing resources while ensuring uninterrupted service, thereby improving service flexibility and user experience.

[0014] Preferably, the method further includes constructing a visual management platform for low-altitude flight services and network slicing, the platform including a service management module, a slice management module, a resource monitoring module, an SLA evaluation module, and a safety management module; The platform adopts a B / S architecture and supports access from multiple terminals, including PC, mobile and tablet. The platform can display the resource utilization rate, SLA compliance, and business operation status of each slice in real time. It supports administrators in manually allocating resources and adjusting business levels. A multi-terminal compatible visual management platform has been added, integrating business, slice, resource, SLA, and security management functions. It allows administrators to monitor operational status in real time and manually intervene in resource allocation, improving management efficiency, facilitating refined operations, and enhancing the practicality and scalability of the methods.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Ensuring Critical Missions: Through dedicated network slicing and resource protection, communication links for critical missions such as emergency rescue are always kept uninterrupted; 2. Improve network resource utilization: Enables "on-demand allocation" of network resources, avoiding the waste of resources caused by building networks to the highest standards for all services; 3. Achieve refined operation: Operators can provide differentiated service packages based on different service levels, creating new business models; 4. Promote the healthy development of the industry: It provides communication support commensurate with the importance of various applications in the low-altitude economy, thus promoting the healthy and orderly development of the entire industry; By implementing tiered slicing customization, algorithmic collaborative scheduling, and dynamic resource allocation, the system accurately matches the communication needs of different low-altitude flight services, ensuring low-latency and high-reliability communication for critical services such as emergency rescue. Simultaneously, it improves network resource utilization, enables differentiated service package operation and the construction of new business models, strengthens communication security through security isolation mechanisms, adapts to dynamic changes in services, and provides adaptable communication guarantees for various applications in the low-altitude economy, thus contributing to the healthy and orderly development of the industry. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the workflow proposed in this invention. Figure 2 This is a system block diagram proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0018] Reference Figure 1-2 , Example This embodiment proposes a method for low-altitude airspace differentiated service management based on 5G network slicing, including the following steps: S1: The core linkage scheduling module classifies low-altitude flight services and performs SLA quantitative modeling: it constructs a low-altitude flight service characteristic evaluation index system, which includes four primary indicators: service urgency, scope of impact, service continuity requirements, and economic value. Each primary indicator has 3-5 secondary sub-indicators. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to determine the weight coefficients of each indicator. The calculation process for the weight coefficients is as follows: First, construct pairwise comparison judgment matrices. ,in express The index is relative to the first. The importance of each indicator is represented by a value from 1 to 9 and its reciprocal. Then calculate the largest eigenvalue of the judgment matrix. and its corresponding eigenvectors ; Next, a consistency check is performed, using consistency indicators. When the consistency ratio When the matrix satisfies the consistency requirement, where The average random consistency index; Calculate the overall business score based on the weighting coefficients and actual business characteristics data. ,in For the first The standardized values ​​of each indicator; Based on the comprehensive score, low-altitude flight services are divided into 5 levels: L1 emergency rescue services, L2 medical emergency delivery services, L3 critical facility inspection services, L4 general logistics delivery services, and L5 recreational aerial photography services. Quantitative Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are established for each service tier, with SLA metrics including maximum end-to-end latency. Minimum guaranteed bandwidth Connection reliability Maximum packet loss rate ; Construct a quantitative evaluation function for SLA compliance ,in As indicator weight and , This is the actual delay. This is the actual bandwidth. For actual reliability, This represents the actual packet loss rate. ,when When determining whether an SLA meets the standard, the secondary sub-indicators of the business characteristic evaluation index system are as follows: the secondary sub-indicators of business urgency include response time requirements, task completion timeliness requirements, and fault tolerance. The secondary sub-indicators of the scope of impact include the area covered, the number of people involved, and the degree of socio-economic impact; The secondary sub-indicators of service continuity requirements include interruption tolerance time, fault recovery time, and backup link requirements; The secondary sub-indicators of economic value include revenue per task, revenue per unit of time, and resource input cost; The standardization of the secondary sub-indicators adopts the extreme value method, and the standardization formula is as follows: ,in The actual value of the sub-indicator. This represents the maximum value of the sub-indicator. This is the minimum value of the sub-indicator; S2: Customized Slice Creation Module performs customized creation of dedicated 5G network slices: Based on Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) technologies, 1-3 dedicated 5G network slices are created for each service level. Each network slice includes three functional levels: access network slice, transport network slice, and core network slice. Access network slicing allocates dedicated radio access resources for each service level, including physical resource blocks (PRBs), time slot resources, and power resources. Transmission network slicing uses elastic optical network technology to allocate dedicated transmission links and bandwidth resources for different service levels; The core network slicing adopts a lightweight core network architecture and deploys dedicated User Plane Functions (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF), and Session Management Functions (SMF). Construct a mapping function between business levels and slice resources. ,in For business level, The number of PRBs for the corresponding grade slice. The transmission bandwidth for the corresponding slice level. The number of UPF deployments for the corresponding level slice; For L1 and L2 high-priority services, a dual-active redundancy deployment method is adopted to create two slices, a primary slice and a backup slice. The resource configurations of the primary slice and the backup slice are completely identical, and the switching latency does not exceed 50ms. For L3-L5 level services, a single-slice deployment method is adopted, reserving 10%-30% elastic resources according to service traffic fluctuations. The specific SLA values ​​for each service level are as follows: Level 1 emergency rescue services , , , ; Level 2 medical emergency delivery service , , , ; Level 3 Critical Facility Inspection Services , , , ; Level 4 general logistics and distribution services , , , ; Level 5 recreational aerial photography service , , , ; The weights of the SLA compliance assessment function are: , , , The PRB allocation rules for access network slices are as follows: L1 slices are allocated 30% of the total PRBs, L2 slices 20%, L3 slices 15%, L4 slices 15%, and L5 slices 20%. The number of UPFs deployed for core network slices is as follows: 2 UPFs are deployed for L1 and L2 slices, using a primary-backup redundancy mode; 1 UPF is deployed for L3 slices; and 1 UPF is shared for L4 and L5 slices. The flexible resource reservation ratio for the slices is as follows: 30% for L1 and L2 slices, 20% for L3 slices, and 10% for L4 and L5 slices; S3: Coordinated scheduling of airspace resources and network slice resources: Establish a linkage interface between the low-altitude flight management system and the 5G core network slice management system. The interface adopts a RESTful API architecture, the data interaction format is JSON, and the communication protocol uses TLS1.3 encryption. When receiving a user's flight plan application, the low-altitude flight management system extracts key information from the application, such as the service level, flight area, flight duration, and UAV terminal identification. Construct a multi-objective optimization model for airspace-network resource collaborative scheduling, with the optimization objective being: Minimum end-to-end latency Guarantee maximum bandwidth Highest connection reliability; Constraints include: airspace resource constraints The allocated airspace area shall not exceed the total airspace area of ​​the region, subject to slice resource constraints. The allocated slice resources shall not exceed the total slice resources, and the SLA compliance constraint shall be met. ; The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm NSGA-II is used to solve this multi-objective optimization model. The algorithm steps are as follows: initialize the population, with a population size of... Individual airspace-slice resource allocation scheme; Calculate the fitness value of an individual and evaluate it based on the optimization objective and constraints; The selection, crossover, and mutation operations are performed. The selection operation uses the tournament selection method, the crossover operation uses the simulated binary crossover method, and the mutation operation uses the polynomial mutation method. Individual selection is performed using non-dominated ranking and crowding calculation, retaining the optimal one. Individual; Repeat the steps until the maximum number of iterations is reached. ; The system outputs the optimal airspace and network slice resource allocation scheme. The low-altitude flight management system completes the flight plan approval based on the scheme and sends the slice allocation results to the UAV terminal and the 5G core network. The linkage interface between the low-altitude flight management system and the 5G core network slice management system includes the following data exchange content: flight plan application information, service level identifier, slice allocation results, SLA monitoring data, and resource allocation instructions. The parameters of the NSGA-II algorithm are set as follows: population size Maximum number of iterations Crossover probability Probability of mutation ; The constraints of the multi-objective optimization model also include the communication capability constraints of the UAV terminal, namely, the allocated slice bandwidth shall not exceed the maximum transmission bandwidth of the UAV terminal. S4: Resource Monitoring and Dynamic Allocation Module for Dynamic Monitoring and Intelligent Allocation of Network Slice Resources: A slice resource monitoring module is deployed in the 5G core network slice management system. The module uses a sliding window algorithm to collect the resource utilization rate of each slice in real time, including PRB utilization rate. Bandwidth utilization UPF resource utilization rate The sliding window size is The collection cycle is ; Set resource utilization threshold for each slice The thresholds for L1 and L2 level slices are The threshold for L3-L5 level slices is ; When the resource utilization rate of a certain level slice exceeds the threshold, a dynamic resource allocation process is triggered. A resource allocation model based on a greedy algorithm is constructed, with the following allocation rules: resources are prioritized from the elastic resources of low-priority slices; when no elastic resources are available for a low-priority slice, resources are allocated from its reserved resources. The amount of resources allocated satisfies the following conditions: ,in For high-priority slice resource requirements, Available resources for low-priority slices; After resource allocation is completed, update the slice resource configuration information and monitor SLA compliance in real time; When high-priority service traffic decreases, the slice resource utilization rate falls below the threshold. When this happens, the resource recovery process is initiated, and the allocated resources are returned to the low-priority slices. The indicators collected by the slice resource monitoring module also include slice latency jitter, connection establishment success rate and handover success rate. The adjustment rules for the resource utilization threshold are as follows: when the volume of low-altitude flight operations in the region increases by more than 50%, the threshold will be reduced by 10%; when the volume of operations decreases by more than 50%, the threshold will be increased by 10%. The greedy algorithm for resource allocation models involves the following steps: determining the resource requirements of high-priority slices. ; Traverse the low-priority slices and calculate the available resources for each low-priority slice. ; Prioritize the low-priority slice with the most available resources, and allocate the following amount of resources: ; Update the resource configurations for high-priority and low-priority slices; Repeat steps 1-4 until the resource requirements of high-priority slices are met or no resources are available. S5: Secure isolation and lifecycle management of network slices using the security isolation and lifecycle management module: The SM4 symmetric encryption algorithm (a national standard) is used to encrypt communication data between slices. The encryption key is dynamically generated and distributed by the slice management system, with a key update cycle of [missing information]. ; A virtual firewall is deployed between slices. The firewall uses deep packet inspection (DPI) technology to block unauthorized data exchanges between slices. Construct a blockchain-based slice identity authentication mechanism, write information such as drone terminal identifier, slice identifier, and SLA index into the blockchain to achieve immutability and traceability of identity authentication; Establish a full lifecycle management process for slices, which includes five stages: slice requirement analysis, resource allocation, deployment and testing, operation and maintenance, and deregistration and recycling. During the slice deregistration phase, a resource reclamation algorithm is used to release the physical resources occupied by the slice. The reclamation priority is: transmission network resources > access network resources > core network resources, ensuring the efficiency and security of resource reclamation. The virtual firewall's deep packet inspection technology has the following detection rules: Data packets are filtered based on slice identifiers, allowing only data packets within the same slice to be transmitted; Packet priorities are set based on service level, with packets from high-priority services being forwarded first. Filter packets containing unauthorized protocols based on protocol type; The blockchain identity authentication mechanism adopts a consortium blockchain architecture, with nodes including low-altitude flight management system nodes, 5G core network nodes, drone terminal nodes, and regulatory department nodes. The consensus mechanism adopts the Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (PBFT) algorithm. S6: Use the service quality assessment and level adjustment module to conduct service quality assessments and dynamically adjust business levels: regularly assess the SLA compliance of each business level, with an assessment cycle of [missing information]. ; When the SLA compliance rate of a certain business is below 90% for three consecutive evaluation periods, the business level dynamic adjustment process is triggered. The comprehensive score is recalculated based on the latest characteristic data of the business, the business level is adjusted, and the corresponding SLA indicators and slice resource configuration are updated. When the SLA compliance rate of a certain business is higher than 99% for three consecutive evaluation periods, the resource allocation can be appropriately reduced and the resource utilization rate can be improved based on the user's application. The service quality evaluation indicators also include user satisfaction, which is obtained through questionnaires and uses a 5-point scoring system. The triggering conditions for the dynamic adjustment process of business level also include changes in business type and changes in user requirements; When the business level is adjusted, the slice management system will reconfigure the slice resources within 5 minutes to ensure that the business is not interrupted. The method also includes building a visual management platform for low-altitude flight services and network slicing, which includes a service management module, a slice management module, a resource monitoring module, an SLA assessment module, and a safety management module. The platform adopts a B / S architecture and supports access from multiple terminals, including PC, mobile and tablet. The platform can display the resource utilization rate, SLA compliance rate and business operation status of each slice in real time, and supports managers to manually allocate resources and adjust business levels. By employing tiered slicing customization, algorithmic collaborative scheduling, and dynamic resource allocation, the system precisely matches the communication needs of different low-altitude flight services, ensuring low-latency and high-reliability communication for critical operations such as emergency rescue. Simultaneously, it improves network resource utilization, enabling differentiated service package operations and the construction of new business models. Security isolation mechanisms enhance communication security, adapting to dynamic changes in services and providing adaptable communication guarantees for various applications in the low-altitude economy, thus contributing to the healthy and orderly development of the industry.

[0019] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for low-altitude airspace differentiated service management based on 5G network slicing, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: The core linkage scheduling module classifies low-altitude flight services and performs SLA quantitative modeling: it constructs a low-altitude flight service characteristic evaluation index system, which includes four primary indicators: service urgency, scope of impact, service continuity requirements, and economic value. Each primary indicator has 3-5 secondary sub-indicators. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to determine the weight coefficients of each indicator. The calculation process for the weight coefficients is as follows: First, construct pairwise comparison judgment matrices. ,in express The index is relative to the first. The importance of each indicator is represented by a value from 1 to 9 and its reciprocal. Then calculate the largest eigenvalue of the judgment matrix. and its corresponding eigenvectors ; Next, a consistency check is performed, using consistency indicators. When the consistency ratio When the matrix satisfies the consistency requirement, where The average random consistency index; Calculate the overall business score based on the weighting coefficients and actual business characteristics data. ,in For the first The standardized values ​​of each indicator; Based on the comprehensive score, low-altitude flight services are divided into 5 levels: L1 emergency rescue services, L2 medical emergency delivery services, L3 critical facility inspection services, L4 general logistics delivery services, and L5 recreational aerial photography services. Quantitative Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are established for each service tier, with SLA metrics including maximum end-to-end latency. Minimum guaranteed bandwidth Connection reliability Maximum packet loss rate ; Construct a quantitative evaluation function for SLA compliance ,in As indicator weight and , This is the actual delay. This is the actual bandwidth. For actual reliability, This represents the actual packet loss rate. ,when SLA is determined to be compliant at that time; S2: Customized Slice Creation Module performs customized creation of dedicated 5G network slices: Based on Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networking (SDN) technologies, 1-3 dedicated 5G network slices are created for each service level. Each network slice includes three functional levels: access network slice, transport network slice, and core network slice. Access network slicing allocates dedicated radio access resources for each service level, including physical resource blocks (PRBs), time slot resources, and power resources. Transmission network slicing uses elastic optical network technology to allocate dedicated transmission links and bandwidth resources for different service levels; The core network slicing adopts a lightweight core network architecture and deploys dedicated User Plane Functions (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF), and Session Management Functions (SMF). Construct a mapping function between business levels and slice resources. ,in For business level, The number of PRBs for the corresponding grade slice. The transmission bandwidth for the corresponding slice level. The number of UPF deployments for the corresponding level slice; For L1 and L2 high-priority services, a dual-active redundancy deployment method is adopted to create two slices, a primary slice and a backup slice. The resource configurations of the primary slice and the backup slice are completely identical, and the switching latency does not exceed 50ms. For L3-L5 level services, a single slice deployment method is adopted, reserving 10%-30% of elastic resources according to the fluctuation of service traffic; S3: Coordinated scheduling of airspace resources and network slice resources: Establish a linkage interface between the low-altitude flight management system and the 5G core network slice management system. The interface adopts a RESTful API architecture, the data interaction format is JSON, and the communication protocol uses TLS1.3 encryption. When receiving a user's flight plan application, the low-altitude flight management system extracts key information from the application, such as the service level, flight area, flight duration, and UAV terminal identification. Construct a multi-objective optimization model for airspace-network resource collaborative scheduling, with the optimization objective being: Minimum end-to-end latency Guarantee maximum bandwidth Highest connection reliability; Constraints include: airspace resource constraints The allocated airspace area shall not exceed the total airspace area of ​​the region, subject to slice resource constraints. The allocated slice resources shall not exceed the total slice resources, and the SLA compliance constraint shall be met. ; The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm NSGA-II is used to solve this multi-objective optimization model. The algorithm steps are as follows: initialize the population, with a population size of... Individual airspace-slice resource allocation scheme; Calculate the fitness value of an individual and evaluate it based on the optimization objective and constraints; The selection, crossover, and mutation operations are performed. The selection operation uses the tournament selection method, the crossover operation uses the simulated binary crossover method, and the mutation operation uses the polynomial mutation method. Individual selection is performed using non-dominated ranking and crowding calculation, retaining the optimal one. Individual; Repeat the steps until the maximum number of iterations is reached. ; The system outputs the optimal airspace and network slice resource allocation scheme. The low-altitude flight management system completes the flight plan approval based on the scheme and sends the slice allocation results to the UAV terminal and the 5G core network. S4: Resource Monitoring and Dynamic Allocation Module for Dynamic Monitoring and Intelligent Allocation of Network Slice Resources: A slice resource monitoring module is deployed in the 5G core network slice management system. The module uses a sliding window algorithm to collect the resource utilization rate of each slice in real time, including PRB utilization rate. Bandwidth utilization UPF resource utilization rate The sliding window size is The collection cycle is ; Set resource utilization threshold for each slice The thresholds for L1 and L2 level slices are The threshold for L3-L5 level slices is ; When the resource utilization rate of a certain level slice exceeds the threshold, a dynamic resource allocation process is triggered. A resource allocation model based on a greedy algorithm is constructed, with the following allocation rules: resources are prioritized from the elastic resources of low-priority slices; when no elastic resources are available for a low-priority slice, resources are allocated from its reserved resources. The amount of resources allocated satisfies the following conditions: ,in For high-priority slice resource requirements, Available resources for low-priority slices; After resource allocation is completed, update the slice resource configuration information and monitor SLA compliance in real time; When high-priority service traffic decreases, the slice resource utilization rate falls below the threshold. When this happens, the resource replenishment process is initiated, and the allocated resources are returned to the low-priority slices. S5: Secure isolation and lifecycle management of network slices using the security isolation and lifecycle management module: The SM4 symmetric encryption algorithm (a national standard) is used to encrypt communication data between slices. The encryption key is dynamically generated and distributed by the slice management system, with a key update cycle of [missing information]. ; A virtual firewall is deployed between slices. The firewall uses deep packet inspection (DPI) technology to block unauthorized data exchanges between slices. Construct a blockchain-based slice identity authentication mechanism, write information such as drone terminal identifier, slice identifier, and SLA index into the blockchain to achieve immutability and traceability of identity authentication; Establish a full lifecycle management process for slices, which includes five stages: slice requirement analysis, resource allocation, deployment and testing, operation and maintenance, and deregistration and recycling. During the slice deregistration phase, a resource reclamation algorithm is used to release the physical resources occupied by the slice. The reclamation priority is: transmission network resources > access network resources > core network resources, to ensure the efficiency and security of resource reclamation. S6: Use the service quality assessment and level adjustment module to conduct service quality assessments and dynamically adjust business levels: Regularly assess the SLA compliance of each business level, with an assessment cycle of [missing information]. ; When the SLA compliance rate of a certain business is below 90% for three consecutive evaluation periods, the business level dynamic adjustment process is triggered. The comprehensive score is recalculated based on the latest characteristic data of the business, the business level is adjusted, and the corresponding SLA indicators and slice resource configuration are updated. When the SLA compliance rate of a certain business exceeds 99% for three consecutive evaluation periods, the resource allocation can be appropriately reduced based on the user's application to improve resource utilization.

2. The method for low-altitude airspace differentiated service management based on 5G network slicing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the secondary sub-indicators of the business characteristic evaluation index system are as follows: the secondary sub-indicators of business urgency include response time requirements, task completion timeliness requirements, and fault tolerance. The secondary sub-indicators of the scope of impact include the area covered, the number of people involved, and the degree of socio-economic impact; The secondary sub-indicators of service continuity requirements include interruption tolerance time, fault recovery time, and backup link requirements; The secondary sub-indicators of economic value include revenue per task, revenue per unit of time, and resource input cost; The standardization of the secondary sub-indicators adopts the extreme value method, and the standardization formula is as follows: ,in The actual value of the sub-indicator. This represents the maximum value of the sub-indicator. This is the minimum value of the sub-indicator.

3. The method for low-altitude airspace differentiated service management based on 5G network slicing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the specific values ​​of the SLA indicators for each service level are as follows: Level 1 emergency rescue services , , , ; Level 2 medical emergency delivery service , , , ; Level 3 Critical Facility Inspection Services , , , ; Level 4 general logistics and distribution services , , , ; Level 5 recreational aerial photography service , , , ; The weights of the SLA compliance assessment function are: , , , .

4. The method for low-altitude airspace differentiated service management based on 5G network slicing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the PRB allocation rule for access network slices is as follows: L1 slices are allocated 30% of the total PRBs, L2 slices are allocated 20%, L3 slices are allocated 15%, L4 slices are allocated 15%, and L5 slices are allocated 20%. The number of UPFs deployed for core network slices is as follows: 2 UPFs are deployed for L1 and L2 slices, using a primary-backup redundancy mode; 1 UPF is deployed for L3 slices; and 1 UPF is shared for L4 and L5 slices. The elastic resource reservation ratio for slices is as follows: 30% for L1 and L2 slices, 20% for L3 slices, and 10% for L4 and L5 slices.

5. The method for low-altitude airspace differentiated service management based on 5G network slicing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the linkage interface between the low-altitude flight management system and the 5G core network slicing management system includes the following data exchange content: flight plan application information, service level identifier, slice allocation result, SLA monitoring data, and resource allocation instructions. The parameters of the NSGA-II algorithm are set as follows: population size Maximum number of iterations Crossover probability Probability of mutation ; The constraints of the multi-objective optimization model also include the communication capability constraints of the UAV terminal, namely, the allocated slice bandwidth shall not exceed the maximum transmission bandwidth of the UAV terminal.

6. The method for low-altitude airspace differentiated service management based on 5G network slicing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, the indicators collected by the slice resource monitoring module also include slice latency jitter, connection establishment success rate, and handover success rate. The adjustment rules for the resource utilization threshold are as follows: when the volume of low-altitude flight operations in the region increases by more than 50%, the threshold will be reduced by 10%; when the volume of operations decreases by more than 50%, the threshold will be increased by 10%. The greedy algorithm for resource allocation models involves the following steps: determining the resource requirements of high-priority slices. ; Traverse the low-priority slices and calculate the available resources for each low-priority slice. ; Prioritize the low-priority slice with the most available resources, and allocate the following amount of resources: ; Update the resource configurations for high-priority and low-priority slices; Repeat steps 1-4 until the resource requirements of high-priority slices are met or no resources are available.

7. The method for low-altitude airspace differentiated service management based on 5G network slicing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, the deep packet inspection technology of the virtual firewall includes the following detection rules: Data packets are filtered based on slice identifiers, allowing only data packets within the same slice to be transmitted; Packet priorities are set based on service level, with packets from high-priority services being forwarded first. Filter packets containing unauthorized protocols based on protocol type; The blockchain identity authentication mechanism adopts a consortium blockchain architecture, with nodes including low-altitude flight management system nodes, 5G core network nodes, drone terminal nodes, and regulatory department nodes. The consensus mechanism uses the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithm.

8. The method for low-altitude airspace differentiated service management based on 5G network slicing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, the deployment and testing phase of slice lifecycle management adopts a combination of simulation testing and field testing. The simulation testing tool is OMNeT++, and the field testing selects typical low-altitude flight scenarios, including urban areas, suburban areas, and mountainous areas. The specific steps of the resource reclamation algorithm are as follows: stop service access to the slice; disconnect the transmission link of the slice and release transmission network resources; reclaim the PRB resources and time slot resources of the access network; unload the functional modules of the core network and release server resources; Update the resource status of the resource management system.

9. A method for low-altitude airspace differentiated service management based on 5G network slicing according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S6, the service quality assessment indicators also include user satisfaction, which is obtained through a questionnaire survey and scored on a 5-point scale. The triggering conditions for the dynamic adjustment process of business level also include changes in business type and changes in user requirements; When the business level is adjusted, the slice management system will reconfigure the slice resources within 5 minutes to ensure uninterrupted business operations.

10. A method for low-altitude airspace differentiated service management based on 5G network slicing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes building a visual management platform for low-altitude flight services and network slicing, which includes a service management module, a slice management module, a resource monitoring module, an SLA assessment module, and a safety management module. The platform adopts a B / S architecture and supports access from multiple terminals, including PC, mobile and tablet. The platform can display the resource utilization rate, SLA compliance rate and business operation status of each slice in real time, and supports managers to manually allocate resources and adjust business levels.

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