An optical structure of glass

Abstract

The application relates to the field of new energy photovoltaic glass, and mainly discloses an optical structure of glass, which comprises a photovoltaic glass body, the irradiation surface of the photovoltaic glass body is provided with a glass substrate, a plurality of optical components are arranged on at least one surface of the glass substrate, the section of the light-transmitting pattern structure is a similar triangle, the length of the lower base of the similar triangle is L, the height of the similar triangle is H, and the included angle between the side of the similar triangle and the inner side of the lower base is alpha. The optical structure arranged on the glass surface can increase the light transmittance, the optical components and the glass material are integrated materials, the long-term stability and effectiveness can be maintained, the increased light transmittance of the optical components has a higher performance-price ratio compared with the light transmittance increasing property of the adjustment composition of the photovoltaic glass, and the surface reflection of the photovoltaic glass body is reduced, so that the anti-dazzling function is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy photovoltaic glass, and more particularly to an optical structure of glass. Background Technology

[0002] With the transformation of the global energy structure, photovoltaic power generation, as a clean and renewable energy technology, has developed rapidly. In photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic glass, as the outermost encapsulation material, not only protects the internal cells from environmental impacts, but its optical performance also directly determines the final module's power generation efficiency. Sunlight must pass through the photovoltaic glass before it can be absorbed by the cells and converted into electrical energy. Therefore, the light transmittance of photovoltaic glass is one of the key factors affecting the module's power output. Currently, the mainstream technologies for improving the light transmittance of photovoltaic glass mainly include: Optimizing glass composition: Light absorption is reduced by decreasing the content of impurity elements such as iron in the glass to prepare ultra-white patterned glass. However, the efficiency improvement potential of this technology is nearing its limit, and it has extremely high requirements for the purity of raw materials and the melting process, resulting in limited room for cost reduction.

[0003] Surface texturing: This involves acid etching the glass surface to create a microscopic textured structure, increasing light scattering and incident opportunities while reducing reflection. However, chemical etching presents environmental challenges such as wastewater treatment, and the control over the textured surface morphology is limited, making it difficult to achieve optimal anti-reflection effects. Although these technologies have improved the light transmittance of photovoltaic glass to some extent, they still have their limitations. For example, there are cost and effectiveness bottlenecks in component optimization, long-term reliability risks associated with coating technologies, and environmental and control challenges related to chemical texturing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing an optical structure for glass, which is particularly suitable for photovoltaic glass.

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the light transmittance can be increased by setting an optical structure on the glass surface, and the increased light transmittance will not affect the anti-reflection coating technology. In addition, the optical structure and the glass material are integrated into one material, which can maintain long-term stability and effectiveness. Furthermore, by reducing the surface reflection of the photovoltaic glass body, it has an anti-glare function.

[0006] The present invention provides an optical structure for glass, including a photovoltaic glass body, wherein a glass substrate is disposed on the irradiation surface of the photovoltaic glass body, and a plurality of optical components are disposed on at least one surface of the glass substrate, wherein the optical components include a light-transmitting pattern structure. The bottom surface of the light-transmitting pattern structure faces the horizontal direction of the glass substrate. The light-transmitting pattern structure is either a concave or convex pattern structure. The top of the cone-shaped light-transmitting pattern structure is a spherical protrusion. The edges formed between the two sides of the light-transmitting pattern structure are rounded. The cross-sectional view of the light-transmitting pattern structure is a triangular shape. The side length of the triangular shape on the bottom surface is equal to the bottom side of the triangle. The length of the bottom side of the triangular shape is L. The height of the triangular shape is H. The angle between the side and the inner side of the bottom side of the triangular shape is α. Through the pyramidal structure design of the light-transmitting pattern structure, and by varying the inclination angle and height, it is easy to increase the light transmittance. In addition, the light-transmitting pattern structure and the glass material are integrated, thus maintaining long-term stability and effectiveness.

[0007] More specifically, the light-transmitting pattern structure is provided in several groups, and the tilt angle α of the several groups of light-transmitting pattern structures can be the same or different. The tilt angle α ranges from 30° to 90°. By changing the inner tilt angle α of the light-transmitting pattern structure, the light transmittance of the light-transmitting pattern structure can be improved.

[0008] More specifically, the preferred tilt angle α of the light-transmitting pattern structure is 40° < α < 80°. By setting the range of tilt angle α, it is easy to test the most reasonable tilt angle α.

[0009] More specifically, the bottom surface of the light-transmitting pattern structure is in contact with the surface of the glass substrate. The light-transmitting pattern structure can be not only pyramidal, but also arc-shaped, hemispherical, or ellipsoidal. The pyramidal shape can be a square pyramid, a pentagonal pyramid, or a hexagonal pyramid. The edges and corners of the pyramid have curvature, which facilitates the refraction and transmission of sunlight from the side of the light-transmitting pattern structure.

[0010] More specifically, the total projected area of ​​the light-transmitting pattern structure is not less than 60% of the horizontal area of ​​the photovoltaic glass body, and the light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass body with the light-transmitting pattern structure is greater than 92%, which facilitates increasing the light transmission effect of the photovoltaic glass body.

[0011] More specifically, the surface of the light-transmitting pattern structure may be coated with an anti-reflective layer.

[0012] More specifically, the antireflection layer is a porous silicon dioxide layer, which can be a single layer or multiple layers. The refractive index of the porous silicon dioxide layer is 1.25-1.30. The photovoltaic glass body coated with the antireflection layer has an average light transmittance of ≥95% in the 380nm-1100nm wavelength band. By coating the surface of the photovoltaic glass with an antireflection layer, the light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass is improved, thereby increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency and output power of the photovoltaic module. Moreover, through the principles of optical interference and refractive index matching, the light reflection loss on the glass surface is effectively reduced.

[0013] More specifically, the glass substrate is provided with multiple sets of light-transmitting pattern structures of different sizes.

[0014] More specifically, the translucent patterned structures of different sizes are arranged in an alternating pattern, with the height H being the height between the top and bottom surfaces of the translucent patterned pyramid.

[0015] More specifically, several sets of the aforementioned light-transmitting pattern structures are arranged in an array on the surface of the glass substrate, which facilitates the improvement of the light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass body.

[0016] An optical structure for glass according to the present invention: 1) The present invention can increase light transmittance by setting an optical structure on the glass surface.

[0017] 2) The optical components and glass material in this invention are integrated into one material, which can maintain long-term stability and effectiveness.

[0018] 3) The optical components in this invention do not affect the anti-reflective coating technology while increasing light transmittance.

[0019] 4) The increased light transmittance of the optical components in this invention is more cost-effective than the increase in light transmittance by adjusting the composition of photovoltaic glass.

[0020] 5) This invention has an anti-glare function by reducing the surface reflection of the photovoltaic glass body. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an optical component structure according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified structural diagram at point A in the diagram.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a light-transmitting pattern structure according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the light transmittance gain effect after increasing the spacing between several groups of light-transmitting pattern structures in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the light transmittance gain effect after increasing the spacing between several groups of light-transmitting pattern structures in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the light transmittance gain effect after increasing the spacing between several groups of light-transmitting pattern structures in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7This is a diagram showing the light transmittance gain effect after increasing the spacing between several groups of light-transmitting pattern structures in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention, which features a light-transmitting pattern structure and an anti-reflective layer structure on the surface of a glass substrate.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention when the light-transmitting pattern structure is a raised pattern structure.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the present invention when the light-transmitting pattern structure is a concave pattern structure.

[0032] In the figure: 1. Photovoltaic glass body; 2. Glass substrate; 3. Optical components; 31. Transmitting pattern structure; 32. Bottom surface; 4. Anti-reflective layer; 41. Porous silica layer. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the invention.

[0034] Example 1: like Figures 1-10 The diagram illustrates an embodiment of the present invention: an optical structure for glass, comprising a photovoltaic glass body 1, a glass substrate 2 disposed on the irradiation surface of the photovoltaic glass body 1, and a plurality of optical components 3 disposed on at least one surface of the glass substrate 2. The optical components 3 include a light-transmitting pattern structure 31. The core of this invention lies in the fact that by setting a light-transmitting pattern structure 31 at a specific angle on the surface of the glass substrate 2, the light reflection loss on the surface of the photovoltaic glass body 1 can be significantly reduced by utilizing the principles of light refraction and reflection, thereby increasing the number of photons incident on the photovoltaic cell. Furthermore, the light-transmitting pattern structure 31 is integrally formed with the glass substrate 2, exhibiting superior weather resistance and long-term stability compared to traditional coating technologies. This effectively improves the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module throughout its entire life cycle and reduces the cost per kilowatt-hour. Additionally, the total projected area of ​​the light-transmitting pattern structure 31 is not less than 60% of the horizontal area of ​​the photovoltaic glass body 1, and the light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass body 1 with the light-transmitting pattern structure 31 is greater than 92%. The light-transmitting pattern structure 31 faces the glass substrate 2 horizontally and forms its lower bottom surface 32. Furthermore, the light-transmitting pattern structure 31 can be a concave or convex pattern structure. The cone-shaped apex of the light-transmitting pattern structure 31 is a spherical protrusion, and the edges formed between the two surfaces of the light-transmitting pattern structure 31 are rounded. Through the arc refraction effect, the overall light transmission effect of the photovoltaic glass body 1 is further improved. In addition, the smooth transition surface helps reduce stress concentration and improves the mechanical strength of the photovoltaic glass body 1. The cross-sectional view of the light-transmitting pattern structure 31 is a triangular shape, and the side length of the triangular shape on the surface of the lower bottom surface 32 is... The lower base of the triangular-like structure is L, the height of the triangular-like structure is H, and the angle between the side of the triangular-like structure and the inner side of the lower base is α. Several sets of light-transmitting pattern structures 31 are provided. The tilt angle α of the several sets of light-transmitting pattern structures 31 can be the same or different. The tilt angle α ranges from 30° to 90°. The light-transmitting pattern structure 31 can be not only pyramidal, but also arc-shaped, hemispherical, or ellipsoidal. When the side length of the base of the pyramidal structure is 0.2 mm and the height is 0.07 mm, the angle α between its side and the inner side of the surface of the glass substrate 2 is calculated to be 34.99°. Through testing, the light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass body 1 reached 92.61%, which is 0.7% higher than that of ordinary photovoltaic glass without patterns (91.91%). In addition, several sets of light-transmitting pattern structures 31 are arranged in an array on the surface of the glass substrate 2, and the bottom edges of two adjacent sets of light-transmitting pattern structures 31 abut against each other. The adjacent connection between several sets of light-transmitting pattern structures 31 facilitates higher overall light transmission efficiency. Experimental tests showed that the light transmittance was highest when the light-transmitting pattern structures 31 of this size were arranged adjacently, and the light transmittance gradually decreased as the gap increased. The photovoltaic module prepared using the glass structure described in this invention can effectively improve the overall power generation of the module, and the modules prepared using the glass of this invention are all within the protection scope.

[0035] Example 2: like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the size of the light-transmitting pattern structure 31. In this embodiment, the bottom surface 32 of the light-transmitting pattern structure 31 is in contact with the surface of the glass substrate 2. The light-transmitting pattern structure 31 can be a pyramidal structure, such as a square pyramid, a pentagonal pyramid, or a hexagonal pyramid. When the side length of the bottom surface of the light-transmitting pattern structure 31 is 0.2 mm and the height is 0.1 mm, and the angle α between its side and the inner side of the surface of the glass substrate 2 is 45°, the light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass body 1 reaches 95.75%, which is 3.84% higher than that of ordinary photovoltaic glass without patterns. The effect of efficiency improvement is significant. Through experimental testing, the light transmittance is highest when the light-transmitting pattern structure 31 of this size is arranged adjacently, and the light transmittance gradually decreases as the gap increases.

[0036] Example 3: like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the size of the light-transmitting pattern structure 31. In this embodiment, when the bottom side length of the light-transmitting pattern structure 31 is 0.2mm and the height is 1mm, the angle α between its side and the inner side of the glass substrate 2 surface is 84.29°. After testing, the light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass body 1 reaches 95.96%, which is 4.05% higher than that of ordinary photovoltaic glass without patterns, achieving an extremely high level of light transmittance. In addition, experimental tests show that the light transmittance is highest when the light-transmitting pattern structures 31 of this size are arranged adjacently, and the light transmittance gradually decreases as the gap increases.

[0037] Example 4: like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the size of the light-transmitting pattern structure 31. In this embodiment, the bottom side length of the light-transmitting pattern structure 31 is 5mm, the height is 1.8mm, and the angle α between its side and the inner side of the glass substrate 2 surface is 35.75°. Testing showed that the light transmittance of this photovoltaic glass body reached 92.83%, an improvement of 0.92% compared to ordinary photovoltaic glass without patterns. This embodiment demonstrates that the present invention has an anti-reflective effect under different size specifications. Furthermore, experimental testing showed that the light transmittance is highest when the light-transmitting pattern structures 31 of this size are arranged adjacently; as the gap increases, the light transmittance gradually decreases.

[0038] Example 5: like Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 lies in the size of the light-transmitting pattern structure 31. On the surface of the glass substrate 2, two different sizes of light-transmitting pattern structures 31 are simultaneously prepared by a die rolling process. The light-transmitting pattern structures 31 of different sizes are arranged alternately. The height H is the height between the top of the pyramid and the bottom surface 32 of the light-transmitting pattern structure 31. The bottom side length of the first type of light-transmitting pattern structure 31 is 0.5 mm, the height is 0.25 mm, and the included angle α is 45°. The bottom side length of the second type of light-transmitting pattern structure 31 is 1 mm, the height is 0.4 mm, and the included angle α is 38.66°. Two structures are arranged alternately on the surface of the glass substrate 2. Testing showed that the transmittance of this composite glass structure reached 95.77%, an improvement of 3.86% compared to ordinary photovoltaic glass without patterns. This result demonstrates that excellent anti-reflective properties can be achieved by combining light-transmitting pattern structures 31 of different sizes and tilt angles. This provides greater flexibility for product design. Therefore, light-transmitting pattern structures 31 with different tilt angles and sizes can be set on the surface of the photovoltaic glass body 1. Furthermore, the angle α between each side of the light-transmitting pattern structure 31 and the inner side of the bottom surface 32 can be the same or different. For example, the angle α between different sides of a set of light-transmitting pattern structures 31 and the inner side of the bottom surface 32 can simultaneously be 45° and 60°, among other angles, resulting in diverse forms and further improving the overall light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass body 1, facilitating subsequent use.

[0039] Furthermore, a light-transmitting pattern structure 31 is formed on the glass surface, with a bottom side length of 0.2 mm and a height of 0.04 mm. The calculated angle α between its side and the inner side of the glass substrate 2 surface is 21.8°. Testing showed that its overall light transmittance was 91.87%, which is 0.04% lower than that of ordinary photovoltaic glass without the pattern. This comparative example strongly demonstrates that not all surface structures can enhance light transmission. Based on the above data comparison, limiting the angle α to no less than 30° is key to achieving the anti-reflective effect, possessing outstanding substantial characteristics and significant progress. Through the above embodiments, the preferred tilt angle range for the light-transmitting pattern structure 31 is 40° < α < 80°, as shown in Table 1 below. Table 1: Comparison of Different Sizes of Translucent Pattern Structures

[0040] Example 6: like Figure 8As shown, in the above embodiments, the transmittance of the photovoltaic glass body 1 was tested under the AM1.5G standard solar spectrum within the wavelength range of 380nm-1100nm. Furthermore, to further improve transmittance, a lower refractive index antireflective layer 4 can be deposited on the surface of the transmittance pattern structure 31 in any of the above embodiments using a sol-gel method. The antireflective layer 4 is a porous silica layer 41, which can be a single layer or multiple layers. Through the synergistic effect of the macroscopic structure and the microscopic thin film, a wider spectral and larger angle antireflection effect is achieved. As a result, the antireflection layer 4 facilitates further improvement in overall light transmittance. The refractive index of the porous silica layer 41 is 1.25-1.30. When there is no light-transmitting pattern structure 31 on the surface of the photovoltaic glass body 1, the light transmittance is 91.91%. This light transmittance is the body light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass body 1. The overall body light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass body 1 without the light-transmitting pattern structure 31 is less than 92%, while the average light transmittance of the antireflection glass with the antireflection layer 4 in the 380nm-1100nm wavelength band will be greater than 95%.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optical structure for glass, characterized in that: The photovoltaic glass body (1) includes a glass substrate (2) on the irradiation surface of the photovoltaic glass body (1), and a plurality of optical components (3) are disposed on at least one surface of the glass substrate (2), the optical components (3) including a light-transmitting pattern structure (31). The translucent pattern structure (31) has its bottom surface (32) facing the glass substrate (2) in the horizontal direction. The light-transmitting pattern structure (31) is a concave pattern structure or a convex pattern structure. The top of the light-transmitting pattern structure (31) is a spherical protrusion. The edges formed between the two sides of the light-transmitting pattern structure (31) are rounded. The cross-sectional view of the light-transmitting pattern structure (31) is a triangle-like structure. The side length of the triangle-like structure located on the surface of the lower base (32) is the lower base of the triangle-like structure. The length of the lower base of the triangle-like structure is L. The height of the triangle-like structure is H. The angle between the side of the triangle-like structure and the inner side of the lower base is α.

2. The optical structure of glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light-transmitting pattern structure (31) is provided in several groups. The tilt angle α of the several groups of light-transmitting pattern structures (31) can be the same or different. The range of tilt angle α is 30 < α < 90°.

3. The optical structure of glass according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preferred tilt angle range of the tilt angle α of the light-transmitting pattern structure (31) is 40° < α < 80°.

4. The optical structure of glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom surface (32) of the translucent pattern structure (31) is in contact with the surface of the glass substrate (2).

5. The optical structure of glass according to claim 4, characterized in that, The total projected area of ​​the light-transmitting pattern structure (31) is not less than 60% of the horizontal area of ​​the photovoltaic glass body (1), and the light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass body (1) with the light-transmitting pattern structure (31) is greater than 92%.

6. The optical structure of glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the light-transmitting pattern structure (31) is coated with an anti-reflection layer (4).

7. The optical structure of glass according to claim 6, characterized in that, The antireflection layer (4) is a porous silicon dioxide layer (41), which can be a single layer or multiple layers. The top layer of the porous silicon dioxide layer (41) has a refractive index of 1.25-1.30, and the photovoltaic glass body (1) coated with the antireflection layer (4) has an average transmittance of ≥95% in the 380nm-1100nm wavelength band.

8. The optical structure of glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The glass substrate (2) is provided with multiple sets of light-transmitting pattern structures (31) of different sizes. The light-transmitting pattern structure (31) can be not only pyramidal, but also arc-shaped, hemispherical or ellipsoidal.

9. The optical structure of glass according to claim 8, characterized in that, Different sizes of translucent patterned structures (31) are arranged in an alternating pattern. The height H is the height between the top of the translucent patterned structure (31) pyramid and the bottom surface (32). The edges and corners of the pyramid have curvature.

10. The optical structure of glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several sets of the light-transmitting pattern structures (31) can be arranged in an array or in a random arrangement on the surface of the glass substrate (2).

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