Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic module, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic modules. The photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of cell pieces, the surface of the cell piece is provided with an electric connection part; a plurality of electric connection pieces are arranged on the surface of the cell piece and extend along a first direction; a fixing film covers one side of the electric connection piece away from the cell piece, and the part of the fixing film located on both sides of the electric connection piece along a second direction is bonded to the surface of the cell piece, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction; wherein the cell piece, the electric connection part, the electric connection piece and the fixing film enclose a gap, and the gap is located at least on both sides of the electric connection part along the second direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic module technology, specifically to a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic modules convert solar energy into electrical energy, which can be stored in batteries or used by electrical devices. In related technologies, photovoltaic modules include solar cells, electrical connectors, and encapsulating films. The surface of the solar cells has pads. During the manufacturing process of photovoltaic modules, electrical connectors are placed on the surface of the solar cells, covering at least part of the pads. Then, the encapsulating film is applied to the side of the electrical connectors away from the solar cells, adhering both sides of the film to the surface of the solar cells, thereby fixing the electrical connectors to the pads on the surface of the solar cells.

[0003] However, during the lamination process of photovoltaic modules, the encapsulant film melts when heated and can easily overflow between the electrical connectors and the cells, supporting the electrical connectors and causing them to shift away from the pads, thus affecting the reliability of the connection between the electrical connectors and the pads. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application discloses a photovoltaic module to solve the problem in the prior art where, during the lamination process of the photovoltaic module, the adhesive film melts due to heat and easily overflows between the electrical connector and the solar cell, or props up the electrical connector, causing it to shift away from the pad, thus affecting the reliability of the connection between the electrical connector and the pad.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application is implemented as follows: This application discloses a photovoltaic module, which includes a plurality of solar cells, each solar cell having an electrical connection portion on its surface; a plurality of electrical connectors disposed on the surface of the solar cells and extending along a first direction; and a fixing film covering the side of the electrical connectors away from the solar cells, wherein portions of the fixing film located on both sides of the electrical connectors along a second direction are adhered to the surface of the solar cells, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction; wherein the solar cells, the electrical connection portions, the electrical connectors, and the fixing film enclose a gap, the gap being located at least on both sides of the electrical connection portions along the second direction.

[0006] In some embodiments, the fixing film includes a substrate layer and an adhesive layer stacked together, the substrate layer being located on the side of the adhesive layer away from the electrical connector; wherein, the adhesive layer covers the side of the electrical connector away from the battery cell; portions of the adhesive layer located on both sides of the electrical connector along the second direction are bonded to the surface of the battery cell; the battery cell, the electrical connector, the electrical connector, and the adhesive layer enclose and form the gap.

[0007] In some embodiments, the dimension of the electrical connector along the second direction is greater than the dimension of the electrical connection portion along the second direction, or the cross-section of the electrical connector is flat, wherein at least a portion of the gap is located on the side of the electrical connector facing the battery cell.

[0008] In some embodiments, the gap includes: a first sub-gap and a second sub-gap; the first sub-gap is located in the space formed by the surface of the battery cell, the side of the electrical connection portion, and the side of the electrical connector near the battery cell; the second sub-gap communicates with the first sub-gap and is located in the space formed by the surface of the battery cell, the adhesive layer, and at least a portion of the side of the electrical connector.

[0009] In some embodiments, the material of the adhesive layer satisfies the following conditions: melt flow index greater than or equal to 1 g / 10 min and less than or equal to 6 g / 10 min; or, spacers are provided on the battery cells on both sides of the electrical connector along the second direction, and the second sub-gap is located in the space formed by the surface of the battery cell, the spacers and at least a portion of the side surfaces of the electrical connector.

[0010] In some embodiments, along the second direction, the adhesive layer extends to the space between the battery cell and the electrical connector; wherein the surface of the battery cell, the side of the electrical connector, the side of the electrical connector near the battery cell, and the adhesive layer enclose the gap.

[0011] In some embodiments, the material of the adhesive layer satisfies the following conditions: melt flow index greater than or equal to 7 g / 10 min and less than or equal to 15 g / 10 min; or, the dimension of the portion of the adhesive layer extending between the battery cell and the electrical connector along the second direction is less than 15% of the dimension of the electrical connector along the second direction; or, spacers are provided on both sides of the electrical connector along the second direction.

[0012] In some embodiments, the gaps include two gaps, which are distributed on both sides of the electrical connection.

[0013] In some embodiments, the degree of pre-crosslinking of the adhesive layer is greater than or equal to 40%.

[0014] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer includes at least one of an EVA layer and a POE layer; and / or, the substrate layer is an insulating layer, the insulating layer including at least one of a PI layer and a PET layer.

[0015] In some embodiments, the electrical connector includes a first electrical connector and a second electrical connector, both extending along the first direction and arranged alternately along the second direction; the photovoltaic module further includes a busbar extending along the second direction and disposed on the side of the electrical connector away from the solar cell, the busbar being electrically connected to the first electrical connector and insulated from the second electrical connector by the fixing film.

[0016] In some embodiments, the electrical connector includes a substrate and a solder layer covering the surface of the substrate.

[0017] In some embodiments, the electrical connector has a flat structure; the welding layer includes a first sub-welding layer and a second sub-welding layer, the first sub-welding layer is located on the side of the substrate near the electrical connector, the second sub-welding layer is located on the side of the substrate near the busbar, and the average thickness of the first sub-welding layer is less than or equal to the average thickness of the second sub-welding layer.

[0018] In some embodiments, along the second direction, the thickness of the middle portion of the second sub-weld layer is greater than the thickness of the portions on both sides of the second sub-weld layer.

[0019] In some embodiments, the gap extends along the first direction; and / or, the side of the gap away from the electrical connection along the second direction is wavy along the first direction.

[0020] In some embodiments, the gap extending along the first direction includes: the gap extending along the first direction across a current collector electrode; or, the gap extending along the first direction across multiple current collector electrodes.

[0021] This application discloses a photovoltaic module, which includes multiple solar cells, multiple electrical connectors, and a fixing film. Electrical connections are provided on the surface of the solar cells. Electrical connectors are disposed on the surface of the solar cells and extend along a first direction. The fixing film covers the side of the electrical connectors away from the solar cells. Portions of the fixing film located on both sides of the electrical connectors along a second direction are bonded to the surface of the solar cells. The solar cells, electrical connections, electrical connectors, and fixing film enclose and form a gap, which is located at least on both sides of the electrical connections along the second direction. By enclosing the gap through the solar cells, electrical connections, electrical connectors, and fixing film, the presence of this gap can prevent the fixing film from filling the gap between the electrical connectors and the solar cells, thus avoiding poor soldering and ensuring the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connectors and the electrical connections, thereby reducing undesirable power reduction of the photovoltaic module. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1This shows a partial cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic module described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 This shows a partial cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic module described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This shows a partial cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic module described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ; Figure 4 This shows a partial cross-sectional view of the photovoltaic module described in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 ; Figure 5 This is a partial top view of the photovoltaic module described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a partial structural diagram of the photovoltaic module described in the embodiments of this application.

[0023] Figure label: 10: Solar cell; 11: Electrical connection; 12: Current collector; 13: Insulating adhesive; 20: Electrical connector; 21: First electrical connector; 22: Second electrical connector; 23: Substrate; 24: Weld layer; 241: First sub-weld layer; 242: Second sub-weld layer; 30: Fixing film; 31: Adhesive layer; 32: Substrate layer; 40: Gap; 41: First sub-gap; 42: Second sub-gap; 50: Busbar; 60: Back panel; 70: First adhesive film; 80: Glass; 90: Second adhesive film; X: First direction; Y: Second direction. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of the present invention.

[0025] It should be understood that the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Therefore, "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" appearing throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0026] This application discloses a photovoltaic module having a front side facing sunlight and a back side facing away from sunlight. From the back side towards the front side, the photovoltaic module includes a backsheet 60, a first encapsulating film 70, solar cells 10, a second encapsulating film 90, and glass 80 stacked sequentially. The backsheet 60 is encapsulated on the back side of the solar cells 10 by the first encapsulating film 70, and the glass 80 is encapsulated on the front side of the solar cells 10 by the second encapsulating film 90.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the photovoltaic module disclosed in this application includes not only multiple solar cells 10, but also multiple electrical connectors 20 and a fixing film 30. The surface of the solar cell 10 is provided with an electrical connection portion 11; the electrical connector 20 is disposed on the surface of the solar cell 10 and extends along a first direction X; the fixing film 30 covers the side of the electrical connector 20 away from the solar cell 10, and the portions of the fixing film 30 located on both sides of the electrical connector 20 along a second direction Y are bonded to the surface of the solar cell 10, the second direction Y being perpendicular to the first direction X; wherein, the solar cell 10, the electrical connector 11, the electrical connector 20 and the fixing film 30 enclose to form a gap 40, and the gap 40 is located at least on both sides of the electrical connector 11 along the second direction Y.

[0028] In this application, the solar cell 10 is the core component of the photovoltaic module, which converts solar energy into electrical energy. The solar cell 10 can be a rectangular cell or a quasi-rectangular cell. A quasi-rectangular cell refers to a rectangular cell with a chamfer on at least one side. In this embodiment, the specific structure of the solar cell 10 is not limited in many ways. The following description will take a rectangular solar cell 10 as an example.

[0029] On the plane containing the solar cell 10, the photovoltaic module has a first direction X and a second direction Y that intersect perpendicularly. The first direction X can be the length direction of the solar cell 10, and the second direction Y can be the width direction of the solar cell 10. Alternatively, the first direction X can be the width direction of the solar cell 10, and the second direction Y can be the length direction of the solar cell 10.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, an electrical connection portion 11 is provided on the surface of the battery cell 10, and an electrical connector 20 is provided on the surface of the battery cell 10. The electrical connector 20 extends along a first direction X and covers at least a portion of the electrical connection portion 11. The electrical connector 20 is electrically connected to the battery cell 10 through the electrical connection portion 11 to collect the current generated by the battery cell 10.

[0031] In this solar cell 10, a current collector 12 is disposed on the surface of the solar cell 10. The current collector 12 is in electrical contact with the solar cell 10 to collect current from the corresponding semiconductor region. The current collector 12 is located on at least one surface of the solar cell 10. For example, the current collector 12 of the Topcon solar cell is disposed on two surfaces of the solar cell 10, and the current collector 12 of the back contact solar cell is disposed on one surface of the solar cell 10, arranged alternately with positive and negative polarities.

[0032] For example, the electrical connection portion 11 includes a plurality of electrical connection portions 11 arranged at intervals along the first direction X, and the electrical connector 20 extends along the first direction X and covers the side of the plurality of electrical connection portions 11 away from the battery cell 10, so as to transmit the current generated by the battery cell 10 to the electrical connector 20 through the electrical connection portion 11.

[0033] In some embodiments, the electrical connection portion 11 is a conductive metal structure comprising at least one of a patterned metal layer and a conductive paste layer. The patterned metal layer can be a solderable structure, such as a pad, or a pattern layer printed separately on the current collector electrode 12, or a part of the structure of the current collector electrode 12. The patterned metal layer can be a single layer or multiple layers. The metal layer material includes, but is not limited to, at least one of gold, silver, copper, platinum, titanium, and aluminum. The conductive paste layer comprises at least two materials selected from Sn, Pb, and Bi. During the processing of the photovoltaic module, the metal paste can be printed onto the surface of the cell 10 using screen printing to form the electrical connection portion 11 on the surface of the cell 10. The conductive paste layer can be printed separately or can be a solder layer 24 derived from the surface of the electrical connector 20.

[0034] In some embodiments, the conductive paste layer contains at least Bi to lower the melting point of the conductive paste layer to accommodate lamination bonding processes. Optionally, the conductive paste layer may be a SnBi layer or a SnPbBi layer.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the fixing film 30 covers the side of the electrical connector 20 away from the battery cell 10. The portions of the fixing film 30 located on both sides of the electrical connector 20 along the second direction Y are bonded to the surface of the battery cell 10. Thus, the fixing film 30 can fix the electrical connector 20 to the surface of the battery cell 10 and prevent the electrical connector 20 from shifting during the lamination process.

[0036] In some embodiments, the fixing film 30 is insulating, which can insulate and block the electrical connector 20 and the opposite-shaped busbar, preventing the electrical connector 20 and the opposite-shaped busbar from contacting and conducting, thus avoiding a partial short circuit in the photovoltaic module.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a gap 40 exists between the electrical connector 20 and the solar cell 10. This gap 40 is formed by the solar cell 10, the electrical connection portion 11, the electrical connector 20, and the fixing film 30. The gap 40 is located at least on both sides of the electrical connection portion 11 along the second direction Y. The presence of the gap 40 can prevent the adhesive layer 31 of the fixing film 30 from filling the gap between the electrical connector 20 and the solar cell 10, thus avoiding poor soldering. This ensures the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 20 and the electrical connection portion 11 and reduces the undesirable reduction in the power of the photovoltaic module.

[0038] It should be noted that before photovoltaic module lamination, the fixing film 30 covers the side of the electrical connector 20 away from the solar cell 10, and the portions of the fixing film 30 located on both sides of the electrical connector 20 along the second direction Y are bonded to the surface of the solar cell 10. It is understood that the fixing film 30 is not fluid before photovoltaic module lamination. However, during the photovoltaic module lamination process, the fixing film 30 is heated and melts, and some of its structure still retains a certain degree of fluidity. The voids 40 are formed after the fixing film 30 slightly flows during the photovoltaic module lamination process. After lamination is completed, the fixing film 30 no longer has fluidity, and the voids 40 still exist and are not filled.

[0039] In some embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the fixing film 30 includes a substrate layer 32 and an adhesive layer 31 stacked together. The substrate layer 32 is located on the side of the adhesive layer 31 away from the electrical connector 20. The adhesive layer 31 covers the side of the electrical connector 20 away from the battery cell 10. The portions of the adhesive layer 31 located on both sides of the electrical connector 20 along the second direction Y are bonded to the surface of the battery cell 10. The battery cell 10, the electrical connection portion 11, the electrical connector 20, and the adhesive layer 31 enclose and form a gap 40.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the fixing layer 30 includes an adhesive layer 31 and a substrate layer 32 stacked sequentially. The adhesive layer 31 covers the side of the electrical connector 20 away from the solar cell 10, and covers at least a portion of both sides of the electrical connector 20. The portions of the adhesive layer 31 located on both sides of the electrical connector 20 along the second direction Y are bonded to the surface of the solar cell 10, so as to fix the electrical connector 20 to the surface of the solar cell 10 through the adhesive layer 31, and prevent the electrical connector 20 from shifting during the photovoltaic module lamination process, thus preventing it from being connected to the electrical connection part 11 and affecting the power of the photovoltaic module.

[0041] The solar cell 10, electrical connection 11, electrical connector 20, and adhesive layer 31 enclose and form a void 40. It is understood that during the lamination process of the photovoltaic module, the adhesive layer 31 will melt due to heat and possess a certain degree of fluidity. The void 40 is formed after the adhesive layer 31 has flowed during the lamination process. Based on the choice of material for the adhesive layer 31, its fluidity during the lamination process can be controlled within a certain range. After lamination is completed, the adhesive layer 31 no longer flows, and the void 40 still exists and will not be filled by the adhesive layer 31. The substrate layer 32 is stacked on the side of the adhesive layer 31 away from the electrical connector 20. Exemplarily, the substrate layer 32 is an insulating layer with a certain degree of insulation to insulate and block the electrical connector 20 from contacting and conducting with the opposite-shaped busbar, preventing partial short circuits in the photovoltaic module. Of course, the use of an insulating substrate layer 32 is only a specific embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0042] For example, adhesive layer 31 is an EVA layer (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) and insulating layer is a PI layer (Polyimide). Alternatively, adhesive layer 31 is an EVA layer and insulating layer is a PET layer (Polyethylene Terephthalate). Of course, the above are just individual examples of the specific materials of adhesive layer 31 and insulating layer, and are not intended to limit this application. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can select the specific materials of adhesive layer 31 and insulating layer as needed.

[0043] In some embodiments, the dimension of the electrical connector 20 along the second direction Y is greater than the dimension of the electrical connection portion 11 along the second direction Y, or the cross-section of the electrical connector 20 is flat, wherein at least a portion of the gap 40 is located on the side of the electrical connector 20 facing the battery cell 10.

[0044] In this embodiment, by setting the dimension of the electrical connector 20 along the second direction Y to be greater than the dimension of the electrical connector 11 along the second direction Y, or by setting the cross-section of the electrical connector 20 to a flat structure, it is beneficial to form a space between the side of the electrical connector 20 facing the cell 10 and the cell 10, so as to form a gap 40 during the photovoltaic module lamination process.

[0045] In some embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 3As shown, the gap 40 includes: a first sub-gap 41 and a second sub-gap 42. The first sub-gap 41 is located in the space formed by the surface of the battery cell 10, the side of the electrical connection portion 11, and the side of the electrical connector 20 near the battery cell 10. The second sub-gap 42 communicates with the first sub-gap 41 and is located in the space formed by the surface of the battery cell 10, the adhesive layer 31, and at least a portion of the side of the electrical connector 20.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, if the adhesive layer 31 has low fluidity, it will not overflow between the electrical connector 20 and the solar cell 10 during the photovoltaic module lamination process. The gap 40 then comprises two interconnected parts: a first sub-gap 41 and a second sub-gap 42. The first sub-gap 41 is located between the electrical connector 20 and the solar cell 10, formed by the surface of the solar cell 10, the side of the electrical connector 11, and the side of the electrical connector 20 closest to the solar cell 10. The second sub-gap 42 is located outside the electrical connector 20, formed by the surface of the solar cell 10, the adhesive layer 31, and at least a portion of the side of the electrical connector 20.

[0047] During the manufacturing process of photovoltaic modules, the electrical connector 20 and the electrical connection part 11 can be electrically connected together through a lamination process. That is, during lamination, by controlling the lamination temperature, the welding layer on the surface of the electrical connector 20 melts and bonds with the electrical connection part 11, thereby achieving welding between the electrical connector 20 and the electrical connection part 11. This eliminates the need for infrared welding to connect the electrical connector 20 to the electrical connection part 11, avoiding heat loss from the solar cell 10 during infrared welding, which could lead to problems such as cell bending and cracking, thus improving the process yield of photovoltaic modules.

[0048] In this embodiment, an adhesive layer 31 made of a low-flow material is used to prevent the adhesive layer 31 from overflowing between the electrical connector 20 and the solar cell 10. The resulting gap 40 includes a first sub-gap 41 and a second sub-gap 42 that are interconnected. The first sub-gap 41 and the second sub-gap 42 mean that a sufficient gap 40 is formed at the welding position to prevent the adhesive layer 31 from overflowing between the electrical connector 20 and the electrical connection portion 11. This lifts the electrical connector 20 away from the electrical connection portion 11, thereby ensuring the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 20 and the electrical connection portion 11 and reducing the undesirable reduction in the power of the photovoltaic module.

[0049] In some embodiments, the material of the adhesive layer 31 satisfies the following conditions: melt flow index greater than or equal to 1 g / 10 min and less than or equal to 6 g / 10 min.

[0050] Melt flow index refers to the mass of thermoplastic material that passes through a standard capillary tube within 10 minutes under specified temperature and load. Melt flow index is a core indicator for measuring the processing fluidity of plastics.

[0051] In this embodiment, the melt flow index of the adhesive layer 31 is set to be greater than or equal to 1 g / 10 min and less than or equal to 6 g / 10 min. This reduces the fluidity of the adhesive layer 31 during the photovoltaic module lamination process, preventing it from overflowing between the electrical connector 20 and the solar cell 10 during lamination. This ensures that the gap 40 includes a first sub-gap 41 and a second sub-gap 42, making the space of the gap 40 sufficiently large.

[0052] For example, the melt flow index of the adhesive layer 31 can be 1 g / 10 min, 2 g / 10 min, 3 g / 10 min, 4 g / 10 min, 5 g / 10 min, 6 g / 10 min, etc.

[0053] Of course, selecting the melt flow index of adhesive layer 31 is one means of controlling the formation of gap 40. In this application, those skilled in the art can also use other means, such as setting spacers, to ensure that gap 40 is formed at the same position to achieve the inventive concept of this application. The spacers can be made of insulating adhesive.

[0054] For example, spacers are provided on the solar cells 10 on both sides of the electrical connector 20 along the second direction Y, and the second sub-gap 42 is located in the space formed by the surface of the solar cell 10, the spacers, and at least a portion of the side surfaces of the electrical connector 20. The spacers ensure that the second sub-gap 42 is formed by the surface of the solar cell 10, the spacers, and at least a portion of the side surfaces of the electrical connector 20, thereby preventing the adhesive layer 31 from overflowing between the electrical connector 20 and the electrical connection portion 11, ensuring the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 20 and the electrical connection portion 11, and reducing the undesirable reduction in the power of the photovoltaic module.

[0055] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, along the second direction Y, the adhesive layer 31 extends to the space between the battery cell 10 and the electrical connector 20; wherein the surface of the battery cell 10, the side of the electrical connector 11, the side of the electrical connector 20 near the battery cell 10, and the adhesive layer 31 enclose and form a gap 40.

[0056] like Figure 4 As shown, if the fluidity of the adhesive layer 31 is moderate, it will overflow between the electrical connector 20 and the solar cell 10 during the photovoltaic module lamination process. However, it is necessary to control the presence of a gap 40 between the electrical connector 20 and the solar cell 10. This gap 40 is located between the electrical connector 20 and the solar cell 10 and is formed by the surface of the solar cell 10, the side of the electrical connection portion 11, the side of the electrical connector 20 near the solar cell 10, and the adhesive layer 31.

[0057] Although the adhesive layer 31 overflows between the electrical connector 20 and the solar cell 10 during the photovoltaic module lamination process, a gap 40 still exists between the electrical connector 20 and the solar cell 10. This gap 40 ensures the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 20 and the electrical connection portion 11, reducing the undesirable reduction in photovoltaic module power.

[0058] In some embodiments, the material of the adhesive layer 31 meets the following conditions: melt flow index greater than or equal to 7 g / 10 min and less than or equal to 15 g / 10 min. This ensures that the adhesive layer 31 has moderate flowability during the photovoltaic module lamination process, preventing it from filling the gap between the electrical connector 20 and the solar cell 10 during lamination, and ensuring that there is a certain gap 40 between the electrical connector 20 and the solar cell 10.

[0059] For example, the melt flow index of the adhesive layer 31 can be 7 g / 10 min, 8 g / 10 min, 9 g / 10 min, 10 g / 10 min, 11 g / 10 min, 12 g / 10 min, 13 g / 10 min, 14 g / 10 min, 15 g / 10 min, etc.

[0060] In some embodiments, the portion of the adhesive layer 31 extending between the battery cell 10 and the electrical connector 20 has a dimension in the second direction Y that is less than 15% of the dimension of the electrical connector 20 in the second direction Y. This controls the amount of adhesive layer 31 flowing between the electrical connector 20 and the battery cell 10, preventing excessive flow that could lift the electrical connector 20 and cause a poor solder joint between the electrical connector 20 and the electrical connection portion 11.

[0061] For example, the portion of the adhesive layer 31 extending between the battery cell 10 and the electrical connector 20 can be 3%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, etc., of the electrical connector 20 along the second direction Y.

[0062] In some embodiments, spacers are provided on both sides of the electrical connection portion 11 along the second direction Y. The spacers ensure that a gap 40 is formed by the surface of the solar cell 10, the spacers, the side of the electrical connection 20 near the solar cell 10, and the adhesive layer 31, thereby preventing the adhesive layer 31 from overflowing between the electrical connection 20 and the electrical connection portion 11, ensuring the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connection 20 and the electrical connection portion 11, and reducing the undesirable reduction in the power of the photovoltaic module.

[0063] In some embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, there are two gaps 40, which are distributed on both sides of the electrical connection portion 11 along the second direction Y.

[0064] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the electrical connector 20 extends along the first direction X and covers the side of the electrical connection portion 11 away from the battery cell 10. Along the second direction Y, a gap 40 is distributed on each side of the electrical connection portion 11. That is, each electrical connector 20 corresponds to two gaps 40, with one gap 40 located on one side of the electrical connection portion 11 and the other gap 40 located on the other side of the electrical connection portion 11 along the second direction Y.

[0065] A gap 40 is distributed on each side of the electrical connection portion 11. The adhesive layer 31 flows relatively evenly along the second direction Y on both sides of the electrical connector 20, thereby avoiding the electrical connector 20 from shifting during the lamination process and affecting the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 20 and the electrical connection portion 11.

[0066] In some embodiments, the degree of pre-crosslinking of the adhesive layer 31 is greater than or equal to 40%.

[0067] The pre-crosslinking degree refers to the proportion of crosslinking reaction completed by the adhesive layer 31 before the photovoltaic module is laminated. By setting the pre-crosslinking degree of the adhesive layer 31, the adhesive layer 31 has a low fluidity before lamination, which prevents the adhesive layer 31 from overflowing between the electrical connector 20 and the cell 10 and affecting the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 20 and the electrical connection part 11.

[0068] For example, the pre-crosslinking degree of the adhesive layer 31 can be 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, etc.

[0069] Preferably, the pre-crosslinking degree of the adhesive layer 31 is greater than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 90%. For example, the pre-crosslinking degree of the adhesive layer 31 can be 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%.

[0070] In this application, means of controlling the formation of the gap 40 also include selecting a suitable material for the fixing membrane 30.

[0071] In some embodiments, the adhesive layer 31 includes at least one of an EVA layer and a POE layer; and / or, the substrate layer 32 is an insulating layer, which includes at least one of a PI layer and a PET layer.

[0072] The adhesive layer 31 in this embodiment can be a single-layer structure. Exemplarily, the adhesive layer 31 can be an EVA layer, or it can be a POE layer (Polyolefin Elastomer). The adhesive layer 31 can also be a multi-layer structure. Exemplarily, the adhesive layer 31 includes stacked EVA and POE layers.

[0073] In this embodiment, the substrate layer 32 is an insulating layer, which can be a single-layer structure. For example, the insulating layer can be a PI layer, or it can be a PET layer. The insulating layer can also be a multi-layer structure. For example, the insulating layer includes a PI layer and a PET layer stacked together.

[0074] In some embodiments, the substrate layer 32 and the adhesive layer 31 are made of materials with a large difference in fluidity. The substrate layer 32 is relatively "harder" and "more structured" than the adhesive layer, which helps to prevent the space between the substrate layer and the battery cell 10 from shrinking too much during the lamination process. The adhesive layer flows after melting but does not fill the space, thereby maintaining the gap 40.

[0075] Optionally, the substrate layer 32 is a PET layer, and the adhesive layer 31 is an EVA layer. The EVA layer has greater fluidity than the PET layer during lamination. The PET layer basically maintains its original thickness and maintains a certain space with the battery cell 10 during lamination. The EVA layer, after melting, flows without filling the space, leaving gaps 40. Of course, under this approach, those skilled in the art can also choose other mutually compatible substrate and adhesive layer materials. In this embodiment, by selecting specific materials for the adhesive layer 31 and the insulating layer, the adhesive layer 31 acquires a certain degree of adhesiveness, and the insulating layer acquires a certain degree of insulation. It should be noted that the above are merely individual examples of the specific materials for the adhesive layer 31 and the insulating layer, and are not intended to limit this application. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can also select the materials for the adhesive layer 31 and the insulating layer as needed.

[0076] In some embodiments, the electrical connector 20 includes a first electrical connector 21 and a second electrical connector 22, both extending along a first direction X and arranged alternately along a second direction Y. The first electrical connector 21 and the second electrical connector 22 have opposite polarities. The photovoltaic module also includes a busbar 50 disposed on the outside of the solar cell 10. The first electrical connector 21 extends to the outside of the solar cell 10 and is electrically connected to the busbar 50 to collect the current collected by the first electrical connector 21 through the busbar 50.

[0077] In other words, in the photovoltaic module disclosed in this embodiment, the busbar 50 is not hidden on the back of the solar cell 10. The busbar 50 can be located in the gap between two adjacent solar cells 10, or it can be located outside the outermost solar cell 10.

[0078] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6As shown, the electrical connector 20 includes a first electrical connector 21 and a second electrical connector 22. Both the first electrical connector 21 and the second electrical connector 22 extend along a first direction X and are arranged alternately along a second direction Y. The photovoltaic module also includes a busbar 50, which extends along the second direction Y and is disposed on the side of the electrical connector 20 away from the solar cell 10. The busbar 50 is electrically connected to the first electrical connector 21 and is insulated from the second electrical connector 22 by an insulating fixing film 30.

[0079] like Figure 6 As shown, both the first electrical connector 21 and the second electrical connector 22 extend along the first direction X and are alternately arranged on the surface of the solar cell 10 along the second direction Y. The first electrical connector 21 and the second electrical connector 22 have opposite polarities and collect the current generated by the solar cell 10 through the first electrical connector 21 and the second electrical connector 22. The busbar 50 extends along the second direction Y and is disposed on the side of the first electrical connector 21 and the second electrical connector 22 away from the solar cell 10. The busbar 50 contacts and is electrically connected to the first electrical connector 21 to collect the current collected by the first connector 21 through the busbar 50. The busbar 50 is insulated from the second electrical connector 22 by an insulating fixing film 30 to prevent the busbar 50 from contacting and conducting with the second electrical connector 22, which could lead to a partial short circuit in the photovoltaic module.

[0080] It is understood that the busbar 50 in this embodiment is hidden behind the solar cell 10, thereby increasing the front light-receiving area of ​​the photovoltaic module and thus increasing the power of the photovoltaic module.

[0081] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, a fixing membrane 30 is provided on the side of the first electrical connector 21 away from the battery cell 10. The fixing membrane 30 includes at least two sub-fixing membranes extending along a first direction X and spaced apart along the first direction X. Along the first direction X, there is a gap between two adjacent sub-fixing membranes. A busbar 50 extends along a second direction Y and passes through the gap between two adjacent sub-fixing membranes so that the busbar 50 can contact and conduct with the first electrical connector 21, thereby collecting the current collected by the first connector 21 through the busbar 50.

[0082] In some embodiments, the electrical connector 20 comprises only a substrate, and the substrate surface may not have a welding layer, while the electrical connection portion 11 has a conductive paste layer on the side near the electrical connector 20. During the lamination process of the photovoltaic module, the conductive paste layer melts upon heating and welds together with the substrate, thereby achieving an electrical connection between the electrical connection portion 11 and the electrical connector 20.

[0083] In some embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4As shown, the electrical connector 20 includes a base 23 and a welding layer 24 covering the surface of the base 23.

[0084] In some embodiments, the substrate 23 includes one of a copper substrate and a copper-clad aluminum substrate; the solder layer 24 includes one of a tin-lead layer, a tin-lead-bismuth layer, a tin layer, a tin-copper layer, and a tin-silver-copper layer.

[0085] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the electrical connector 20 includes a substrate 23 and a welding layer 24, which covers the outer periphery of the substrate 23. During the lamination process of the photovoltaic module, the welding layer 24 melts upon heating and welds together with the electrical connection portion 11, thereby achieving an electrical connection between the electrical connector 20 and the electrical connection portion 11.

[0086] For example, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, substrate 23 is a copper substrate, as Figure 1 As shown, substrate 23 is a copper-clad aluminum substrate. This can be understood as forming a copper layer coated on the surface of an aluminum substrate. Copper is more expensive than aluminum. Using a copper-clad aluminum substrate for substrate 23 reduces the amount of copper used, thereby reducing the material cost of substrate 23, and consequently lowering the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic modules, thus enhancing the product competitiveness of photovoltaic modules.

[0087] For example, the solder layer 24 can be a tin-lead layer, a tin-lead-bismuth layer, a tin layer, a tin-copper layer, or a tin-silver-copper layer.

[0088] Of course, the specific materials of the substrate 23 and the welding layer 24 described above are merely individual examples of embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can also select the specific materials of the substrate 23 and the welding layer 24 as needed.

[0089] In some embodiments, the electrical connector 20 has a flat structure; the welding layer 24 includes a first sub-welding layer 241 and a second sub-welding layer 242. The first sub-welding layer 241 is located on the side of the substrate 23 near the electrical connection portion 11, and the second sub-welding layer 242 is located on the side of the substrate 23 near the busbar 50. The average thickness of the first sub-welding layer 241 is less than or equal to the average thickness of the second sub-welding layer 242.

[0090] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the cross-section of the electrical connector 20 is a flat structure. Setting the electrical connector 20 to a flat structure can improve the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 20 and the electrical connection part 11, and also helps to improve the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 20 and the busbar 50.

[0091] The welding layer 24 includes a first sub-welding layer 241 and a second sub-welding layer 242. The first sub-welding layer 241 is located on the side of the substrate 23 near the electrical connection portion 11, and the second sub-welding layer 242 is located on the side of the substrate 23 near the busbar 50. The average thickness of the first sub-welding layer 241 is less than the average thickness of the second sub-welding layer 242. That is, the second sub-welding layer 242 has a thicker average thickness, which helps to ensure a good weld between the electrical connector 20 and the busbar 50, enhances the reliability of the electrical connection, and avoids poor welding between the busbar 50 and the electrical connector 20.

[0092] In some embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 4 As shown, along the second direction Y, the thickness of the middle portion of the second sub-weld layer 242 is greater than the thickness of the portions on both sides of the second sub-weld layer 242. The greater thickness of the middle portion of the second sub-weld layer 242 helps improve the reliability of the electrical connection between the second sub-weld layer 242 and the busbar 50. Conversely, the smaller thickness of the portions on both sides of the second sub-weld layer 242 eliminates the need to increase the amount of solder layer used, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module and enhancing its product competitiveness.

[0093] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the gap 40 extends along the first direction X.

[0094] like Figure 5 As shown, the gap 40 extends along the first direction X, meaning that the extension direction of the gap 40 is the same as the extension direction of the electrical connector 20. The gap 40 can protect the locations where electrical connection is required in the extension direction of the electrical connector 20, preventing the adhesive layer 31 and the adhesive film from flowing into the welding area and causing a false weld, thereby ensuring the reliability of the electrical connection between the electrical connector 20 and the electrical connection part 11.

[0095] In some embodiments, the battery cell 10 is a back-contact battery. An insulating adhesive 13 covers adjacent current collectors 12 of the same polarity along a first direction X to insulate them from the opposite-polarity electrical connectors 20. A gap 40 extends along the first direction X across one current collector 12. In one battery cell 10, corresponding to one electrical connector 20, there are multiple gaps 40 along the first direction X. The adhesive layer 31 contacts the top surface of the insulating adhesive 13. Therefore, adjacent gaps 40 are isolated by the insulating adhesive 13. Especially for battery cell 10 structures with a high insulating adhesive 13, each gap 40 ensures that one current collector 12 and one electrical connector 20 do not have a poor solder joint.

[0096] In some embodiments, the battery cell 10 is a back-contact battery or a topcon battery, and the gap 40 extends along the first direction X across multiple current collectors 12. In this case, the gap size is larger and more continuous, which is more effective in preventing the adhesive layer 31 and the adhesive film from flowing into the welding area.

[0097] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the gap 40 is wavy along the first direction X on the side away from the electrical connection part 11 along the second direction Y, so as to reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the photovoltaic module and improve the manufacturing efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0098] It is understood that, along the second direction Y, the void 40 has a first side close to the electrical connection portion 11 and a second side away from the electrical connection portion 11. During the photovoltaic module lamination process, the fixing film 30 melts due to heat, exhibiting a certain degree of fluidity. The void 40 is formed after the fixing film 30 flows during the photovoltaic module lamination process. Since the flow of the fixing film 30 has a certain degree of randomness, the second side of the void 40 is not a regular shape; it exhibits a wavy shape to reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the photovoltaic module and improve its manufacturing efficiency.

[0099] In some embodiments, not shown in the figures, the cross-section of the electrical connector 20 is one of a circular structure, an elliptical structure, or a near-circular structure.

[0100] In this embodiment, the cross-section of the electrical connector 20 can be circular, elliptical, or near-circular. A near-circular structure refers to a partially cut-off circular structure. This reduces the light-shielding area of ​​the electrical connector 20, enhances light reflection, and thus increases the power output of the photovoltaic module.

[0101] In some embodiments, the electrical connector 20 has a flat portion on the side near the busbar 50, and the electrical connector 20 is connected to the busbar 50 through the flat portion. The flat portion increases the contact area between the electrical connector 20 and the busbar 50, thereby improving the connection strength between the electrical connector 20 and the busbar 50 and enhancing the connection reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0102] In some embodiments, the electrical connector 20 has a flat structure, the thickness of the electrical connector 20 is greater than or equal to 0.13 mm and less than or equal to 0.17 mm, and the width of the electrical connector 20 is greater than or equal to 1.4 mm and less than or equal to 1.6 mm.

[0103] The electrical connector 20 includes a base 23 and a solder layer 24. The base 23 is a copper base, and the solder layer 24 is a tin-lead layer. The portion of the solder layer 24 located on the base 23 near the electrical connection portion 11 is a first sub-solder layer 241, with a thickness of 0.01 mm. The portion of the solder layer 24 located on the base 23 near the busbar 50 is a second sub-solder layer 242, with a thickness of 0.015 mm in the middle and 0.008 mm on both sides.

[0104] The fixing membrane 30 includes an adhesive layer 31 and an insulating layer stacked together. The adhesive layer 31 is a low-flow EVA layer with a thickness greater than or equal to 0.03 mm and less than or equal to 0.2 mm. The insulating layer is a PI layer with a thickness greater than or equal to 0.01 mm and less than or equal to 0.1 mm to ensure insulation between the electrical connector 20 and the busbar 50.

[0105] During the assembly of the photovoltaic module, the glass 80, the second encapsulating film 90, and the solar cell 10 can be placed sequentially. The surface of the solar cell 10 is provided with a busbar 50 and an electrical connection portion 11. Then, the electrical connector 20 is placed, corresponding to the electrical connection portion 11. A fixing film 30 is used to cover both sides of the electrical connector 20 to insulate the electrical connector 20 and the busbar 50, and the fixing film 30 is adhered to the surface of the solar cell 10 to fix the electrical connector 20 to the surface of the solar cell 10. Then, the first encapsulating film 70 and the backsheet 60 are placed sequentially. After assembly, the photovoltaic module is laminated under lamination parameters of 140-145℃ and 0.5-1.0 kg / cm². After lamination is completed, there is a gap 40 in the photovoltaic module. The gap 40 includes a first sub-gap 41 and a second sub-gap 42 that are connected. The welding layer 24 is evenly distributed on the surface of the electrical connection part 11, and the electrical connector 20 is well welded to the electrical connection part 11.

[0106] In some embodiments, the electrical connector 20 has a flat structure and includes a substrate 23 and a solder layer 24. The substrate 23 is a copper-clad aluminum substrate, wherein the thickness of the copper layer in the copper-clad aluminum substrate is greater than or equal to 0.3 μm and less than or equal to 10 μm. The solder layer 24 is a tin-lead layer. The portion of the solder layer 24 located on the side of the substrate 23 near the electrical connection portion 11 is a first sub-solder layer 241, and the thickness of the first sub-solder layer 241 is 0.009 mm. The portion of the solder layer 24 located on the side of the substrate 23 near the busbar 50 is a second sub-solder layer 242, the thickness of the middle portion of the second sub-solder layer 242 is 0.012 mm, and the thickness of the portions on both sides of the second sub-solder layer 242 is 0.006 mm.

[0107] The fixing film 30 includes an adhesive layer 31 and an insulating layer stacked together. The adhesive layer 31 is a medium-flow EVA layer with a thickness of 0.12 mm. The insulating layer is a PET layer with a thickness of 0.04 mm.

[0108] The assembly and lamination processes of the photovoltaic modules are the same as in the above embodiments and will not be described again. After lamination, the tin-lead layer melts and welds to the electrical connection part 11, and the electrical connector 20 is firmly welded to the electrical connection part 11. A portion of the adhesive layer 31 flows between the electrical connector 20 and the cell 10, but a gap 40 with a width of 0.02 mm to 0.03 mm still exists between the adhesive layer 31 and the electrical connection part 11.

[0109] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0110] Although alternative embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make further changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the alternative embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0111] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such an article or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or terminal device that includes that element.

[0112] The technical solution provided by the present invention has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope based on the principle and implementation of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: Multiple battery cells (10), the surface of which is provided with an electrical connection portion (11); Multiple electrical connectors (20) are disposed on the surface of the battery cell (10) and extend along a first direction (X); A fixing film (30) covers the side of the electrical connector (20) away from the battery cell (10). The portions of the fixing film (30) located on both sides of the electrical connector (20) along the second direction (Y) are bonded to the surface of the battery cell (10). The second direction (Y) is perpendicular to the first direction (X). The battery cell (10), the electrical connection portion (11), the electrical connector (20), and the fixing film (30) form a gap (40), which is located at least on both sides of the electrical connection portion (11) along the second direction (Y).

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixing film (30) includes a substrate layer (32) and an adhesive layer (31) stacked together, wherein the substrate layer (32) is located on the side of the adhesive layer (31) away from the electrical connector (20); wherein, The adhesive layer (31) covers the side of the electrical connector (20) away from the battery cell (10); the adhesive layer (31) is located on both sides of the electrical connector (20) along the second direction (Y) and is bonded to the surface of the battery cell (10); the battery cell (10), the electrical connection (11), the electrical connector (20) and the adhesive layer (31) together form the gap (40).

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical connector (20) has a dimension along the second direction (Y) that is larger than the electrical connection portion (11) along the second direction (Y), or the cross-section of the electrical connector (20) is flat, wherein at least a portion of the gap (40) is located on the side of the electrical connector (20) facing the battery cell (10).

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gap (40) includes: a first sub-gap (41) and a second sub-gap (42); The first sub-gap (41) is located in the space formed by the surface of the battery cell (10), the side of the electrical connection (11), and the side of the electrical connector (20) near the battery cell (10); the second sub-gap (42) communicates with the first sub-gap (41) and is located in the space formed by the surface of the battery cell (10), the adhesive layer (31), and at least a portion of the side of the electrical connector (20).

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The material of the adhesive layer (31) meets the following conditions: melt flow index is greater than or equal to 1 g / 10 min and less than or equal to 6 g / 10 min; Alternatively, spacers may be provided on the battery cells (10) on both sides of the electrical connector (20) along the second direction (Y), and the second sub-gap (42) is located in the space formed by the surface of the battery cell (10), the spacers and at least a portion of the side surfaces of the electrical connector (20).

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, Along the second direction (Y), the adhesive layer (31) extends partially between the battery cell (10) and the electrical connector (20); The gap (40) is formed by the surface of the battery cell (10), the side of the electrical connection portion (11), the side of the electrical connector (20) near the battery cell (10), and the adhesive layer (31).

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The material of the adhesive layer (31) meets the following conditions: melt flow index is greater than or equal to 7 g / 10 min and less than or equal to 15 g / 10 min; Alternatively, the portion of the adhesive layer (31) extending between the battery cell (10) and the electrical connector (20) in the second direction (Y) has a dimension less than 15% of the dimension of the electrical connector (20) in the second direction (Y); Alternatively, the electrical connection portion (11) may be provided with spacers on both sides along the second direction (Y).

8. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 2-7, characterized in that, The degree of pre-crosslinking of the adhesive layer (31) is greater than or equal to 40%.

9. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 2-7, characterized in that, The adhesive layer (31) includes at least one of EVA layer and POE layer; And / or, the substrate layer (32) is an insulating layer, the insulating layer including at least one of a PI layer and a PET layer.

10. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The electrical connector (20) includes a first electrical connector (21) and a second electrical connector (22), both of which extend along the first direction (X) and are arranged alternately along the second direction (Y). The photovoltaic module also includes: Busbar (50) extends along the second direction (Y) and is disposed on the side of the electrical connector (20) away from the battery cell (10). The busbar (50) is electrically connected to the first electrical connector (21) and is insulated from the second electrical connector (22) by the fixing film (30).

11. The photovoltaic module according to claim 10, characterized in that, The electrical connector (20) includes a base (23) and a welding layer (24) covering the surface of the base (23).

12. The photovoltaic module according to claim 11, characterized in that, The electrical connector (20) has a flat structure; The welding layer (24) includes a first sub-welding layer (241) and a second sub-welding layer (242). The first sub-welding layer (241) is located on the side of the substrate (23) near the electrical connection portion (11), and the second sub-welding layer (242) is located on the side of the substrate (23) near the busbar (50). The average thickness of the first sub-welding layer (241) is less than the average thickness of the second sub-welding layer (242).

13. The photovoltaic module according to claim 12, characterized in that, Along the second direction (Y), the thickness of the middle portion of the second sub-weld layer (242) is greater than the thickness of the portions on both sides of the second sub-weld layer (242).

14. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The gap (40) extends along the first direction (X); And / or, the gap (40) is wavy along the first direction (X) on the side away from the electrical connection (11) along the second direction (Y).

15. The photovoltaic module according to claim 14, characterized in that, The gap (40) extending along the first direction (X) includes: the gap (40) extending along the first direction (X) across a collector electrode (12); Alternatively, the gap (40) extends along the first direction (X) across multiple collector electrodes (12).

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