Planting device for fruit and vegetable plants and method for cultivating fruit and vegetable plants

Abstract

A fruit vegetable plant cultivation device and use thereof, the fruit vegetable plant cultivation device cultivating a fruit vegetable plant of a solanaceae plant or a cucurbitaceae plant, the cultivation device comprising: a light source that irradiates artificial light; a water culture cultivation rack; and a light reflection member, the water culture cultivation rack being arranged in two or more sections in a vertical direction in a space in which temperature and humidity are controlled, the light source being arranged on a side of the fruit vegetable plant, and the light reflection member being arranged at a position opposite the light source across the fruit vegetable plant.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a cultivation device and a cultivation method for fruit and vegetable plants. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the demand for vegetable production in plant factories using artificial light has been increasing. In particular, the production technology for some leafy vegetables such as lettuce is progressing, and there is hope for research into cultivation methods for fruiting vegetables such as tomatoes.

[0003] For example, Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-115158 discloses a plant cultivation apparatus characterized by having multiple layered cultivation chambers, each chamber comprising: a light environment adjustment unit for adjusting the light environment for the plants; an exhaust unit for adjusting heat from the light environment adjustment unit; a hydroponic cultivation unit; and a carbon dioxide concentration adjustment unit for the indoor atmosphere. Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2022-159002 discloses a plant cultivation method using a plant cultivation apparatus housed in a closed structure for seedling cultivation. The closed structure includes an air conditioning device for controlling temperature and humidity. The plant cultivation apparatus has multiple plant cultivation racks arranged in multiple sections, at least one seedling container for plant growth placed on the plant cultivation racks, and an illumination device for irradiating the seedling container. Cultivation is carried out under conditions where the average temperature during the dark period is higher than the average temperature during the light period, and the photon flux density at the bottom surface of the plant cultivation racks reaches 330 μmol / m². 2 Cultivate under conditions of more than 1 second. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the invention

[0005] In plant factories that use artificial light, the cultivation of fruit and vegetable plants requires a balance between excellent workability and increased yield per unit area.

[0006] One embodiment of the present invention aims to solve the problem of providing a cultivation device and method for fruit and vegetable plants that has excellent workability and can increase yield per unit area.

[0007] means for solving technical problems

[0008] The present invention includes the following methods.

[0009] <1>

[0010] A cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants, used for cultivating fruit and vegetable plants of the Solanaceae or Cucurbitaceae families. The cultivation equipment includes: a light source for illuminating artificial light; a hydroponic cultivation rack for the fruit and vegetable plants; and light-reflecting components. Hydroponic cultivation racks are arranged in two or more sections along the vertical direction within a space where temperature and humidity are controlled. The light source is positioned on the side of the fruit and vegetable plant. The light-reflecting component is positioned opposite the light source, separated from the fruit and vegetable plant.

[0011] <2>

[0012] According to the cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants described in <1>, wherein... The light-reflecting components are fixed to the hydroponic cultivation frame in a movable or detachable manner.

[0013] <3>

[0014] According to the cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants described in <1> or <2>, wherein, The reflective component has a reflectivity of over 70% for wavelengths from 400nm to 700nm.

[0015] <4>

[0016] The cultivation apparatus for fruit and vegetable plants according to any one of <1> to <3>, wherein, The thickness of the light-reflecting component is less than 200 μm.

[0017] <5>

[0018] The cultivation apparatus for fruit and vegetable plants according to any one of <1> to <4>, wherein, The hydroponic cultivation rack has a door that can be opened and closed. The light-reflecting component is located on the side of the door facing the fruit and vegetable plant. With the door closed, the light source and the light-reflecting component are positioned opposite each other across the fruit and vegetable plant.

[0019] <6>

[0020] The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants described in <5> also includes: The light source is artificial light shining onto the side of the door facing the fruit and vegetable plants.

[0021] <7>

[0022] According to the cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants described in <5> or <6>, wherein, The upper vertical part of the door is fixed to the hydroponic cultivation frame.

[0023] <8>

[0024] The cultivation apparatus for fruit and vegetable plants according to any one of <1> to <7>, wherein, The light source is positioned on the side of the fruit and vegetable plant and on its upper vertical side.

[0025] <9>

[0026] The cultivation apparatus for fruit and vegetable plants according to any one of <1> to <8>, wherein, The height of one section of the hydroponic cultivation rack is 50cm to 100cm.

[0027] <10>

[0028] The cultivation apparatus for fruit and vegetable plants according to any one of <1> to <9>, wherein, The fruit and vegetable plant body is the tomato plant body.

[0029] <11>

[0030] According to the cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants described in <10>, wherein... The tomato plant satisfies the following equation (1).

[0031] 6.0≤L / X≤30.0…(1)

[0032] In equation (1), In the case that the tomato plant does not have lateral branches, L represents the length in cm from the planting surface to the growing point of the main branch, and X represents the sum of the number of inflorescences and fruit clusters on the main branch. In the case of a tomato plant with lateral branches, L represents the length in cm units from the planting surface to the growing point of a main branch or lateral branch, and X represents the sum of the number of inflorescences and fruit clusters of a main branch or lateral branch.

[0033] X is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0034] <12>

[0035] A method for cultivating fruit and vegetable plants, wherein the cultivation device described in any one of <1> to <11> is used to cultivate fruit and vegetable plants of the Solanaceae or Cucurbitaceae families.

[0036] Invention Effects

[0037] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a cultivation device and a cultivation method for fruit and vegetable plants with excellent workability and the ability to increase yield per unit area are provided. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The following describes in detail the methods for implementing the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. In the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the constituent elements (including element steps, etc.) are not essential. The same applies to numerical values ​​and their ranges; the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0043] In this invention, the values ​​recorded before and after “~” are respectively included in the range of values ​​represented by “~” as the minimum and maximum values.

[0044] In the numerical ranges described in stages in this invention, the upper or lower limit value described in one numerical range can be replaced with the upper or lower limit value of other numerical ranges described in stages. Furthermore, in the numerical ranges described in this invention, the upper or lower limit value of that numerical range can also be replaced with the values ​​shown in the embodiments.

[0045] In this invention, the term "process" includes not only independent processes, but also processes that can be clearly distinguished from other processes, as long as the intended purpose of the process can be achieved.

[0046] In this invention, "fruit and vegetable plants" refers to plants whose fruits are harvested.

[0047] In this invention, "fruit and vegetable plant body" refers to a growing fruit and vegetable plant. "Fruit and vegetable plant seedling" refers to a fruit and vegetable plant body in its seedling stage.

[0048] [Cultivation equipment for fruit and vegetable plants]

[0049] The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants involved in this invention (hereinafter referred to as the "cultivation device") is a cultivation device for cultivating fruit and vegetable plants of the Solanaceae family or Cucurbitaceae family. It includes: a light source that illuminates artificial light; a hydroponic cultivation rack for the fruit and vegetable plants; and a light reflecting component. The hydroponic cultivation rack is arranged in two or more sections along the vertical direction in a space where the temperature and humidity are controlled. The light source is arranged on the side of the fruit and vegetable plants, and the light reflecting component is arranged at a position opposite to the light source, separated from the fruit and vegetable plants.

[0050] In the cultivation apparatus of this invention, the hydroponic cultivation rack is arranged in two or more sections along the vertical direction within a space where temperature and humidity are controlled. This allows for highly efficient production of fruit and vegetable plants, resulting in a significant increase in yield per unit area compared to previous methods. In particular, because the light-reflecting component is positioned opposite the light source, separated from the fruit and vegetable plants, sufficient light is ensured even with low light input, allowing for appropriate control of the plant size. Therefore, even with two or more sections of the hydroponic cultivation rack arranged vertically, workability is excellent.

[0051] In contrast, neither Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2010-115158 nor Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2022-159002 contain any record of a combination of two or more sections of hydroponic cultivation racks and light-reflecting components.

[0052] <Fruit and Vegetable Plant Body>

[0053] The fruit and vegetable plants cultivated in the cultivation device involved in this invention are fruit and vegetable plants of the Solanaceae family or the Cucurbitaceae family.

[0054] Solanaceae or Cucurbitaceae plants are preferred, with tomatoes or melons being more preferred.

[0055] That is, the fruit and vegetable plants cultivated in the cultivation device involved in this invention are preferably tomato plants.

[0056] In addition, tomatoes include medium-sized tomatoes, cherry tomatoes (mini tomatoes), and fruit tomatoes. Furthermore, melons include netted melons (green-fleshed varieties, red-fleshed varieties, etc.) and non-netted melons.

[0057] The tomato plant preferably satisfies the following formula (1).

[0058] 6.0≤L / X≤30.0...(1)

[0059] In equation (1), In the case that the tomato plant does not have lateral branches, L represents the length in cm from the planting surface to the growing point of the main branch, and X represents the sum of the number of inflorescences and fruit clusters on the main branch. In the case of a tomato plant with lateral branches, L represents the length in cm units from the planting surface to the growing point of a main branch or lateral branch, and X represents the sum of the number of inflorescences and fruit clusters of a main branch or lateral branch.

[0060] X is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0061] With an L / X ratio of 6.0 or higher, fruit set is well produced in the inflorescence. Furthermore, with an L / X ratio of 30.0 or lower, the space utilization efficiency of tomato plants in cultivation can be improved, and the quality of the harvested tomato fruits can be enhanced.

[0062] The L / X can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the light intensity of the light source used in the cultivation of tomato plants.

[0063] In the above formula (1), L is preferably 100 cm or less, more preferably 95 cm or less, and even more preferably 90 cm or less. By setting L to 100 cm or less, the space utilization efficiency in the cultivation of tomato plants can be further improved.

[0064] Furthermore, L is preferably 20cm or more. By setting L to 20cm or more, the harvest quantity of tomato fruits can be increased.

[0065] In the above formula (1), X being an integer greater than 2 indicates that the tomato plant has grown to a certain extent.

[0066] X is preferably an integer of 10 or less, more preferably an integer of 7 or less, and even more preferably an integer of 5 or less. By setting X to an integer of 10 or less, the quality of the harvested tomato fruit can be further improved.

[0067] Furthermore, X is preferably an integer of 3 or higher. By setting X to an integer of 3 or higher, the harvest quantity of tomato fruits can be increased.

[0068] In order to set X within the above range, it is preferable to pinch off the tips of the tomato plants.

[0069] In this invention, "pinching" refers to removing the bud at the growing point of the tomato plant to stop its stem growth.

[0070] From the perspective of space utilization efficiency and the quality of harvested tomato fruits, the tomato plant preferably satisfies formula (2), and more preferably satisfies formula (3).

[0071] 11.0≤L / X≤22.0…(2)

[0072] 11.0≤L / X≤15.0…(3)

[0073] In equations (2) and (3), L and X are as described above.

[0074] A tomato plant has at least one main branch, but it may also have more than one lateral branch.

[0075] In the case that the tomato plant does not have lateral branches, L represents the length in cm units from the planting surface to the growing point of the main branch, and X represents the sum of the number of inflorescences and fruit clusters on the main branch.

[0076] When a tomato plant has more than one lateral branch, L represents the length in cm units from the planting surface to the growing point of one main branch or lateral branch, and X represents the sum of the number of inflorescences and fruit clusters on the aforementioned main branch or lateral branch. That is, when a tomato plant has more than one lateral branch, one main branch or lateral branch only needs to satisfy the above formula (1), while other branches do not need to satisfy it. From the perspective of space utilization efficiency in tomato plant cultivation and the quality of harvested tomato fruits, it is preferable that all the main branches and lateral branches of the tomato plant satisfy the above formula (1).

[0077] From the viewpoint of the quality of the harvested tomato fruit, the number of lateral branches is preferably 3 or less, more preferably 1 or less, and even more preferably the tomato plant has no lateral branches.

[0078] The number of fruits set in each inflorescence on the main branch or lateral branch is preferably 1 to 7, more preferably 2 to 5. By setting the number of fruits within the above range, the quality of the harvested tomato fruits can be further improved. Specifically, in tomato plants with short distances between adjacent inflorescences (or fruit clusters), it is possible to effectively prevent the inflorescences (or fruit clusters) from contacting each other and being crushed, thereby improving the quality of the harvested tomato fruits.

[0079] Furthermore, when there are many fruits, it is preferable to thin the fruit.

[0080] <Light Source>

[0081] The cultivation device involved in this invention has a light source for irradiating artificial light.

[0082] There are no particular limitations on the light source; examples include semiconductor light sources such as LEDs (light-emitting diodes) and discharge lamps such as fluorescent lamps. From the viewpoint of suppressing heat generated by the light source, LEDs are preferred.

[0083] There can be one type of LED or two or more types.

[0084] LEDs can be LEDs that emit visible light such as red, blue, and green, or LEDs that emit ultraviolet light (wavelength below 380nm) or infrared light (wavelength above 780nm).

[0085] From the perspective of promoting photosynthesis in fruit and vegetable plants, LEDs emitting light in the 400nm–700nm wavelength range are preferred. Furthermore, considering improving energy efficiency and space utilization efficiency, it is important to increase the fruit yield per plant; therefore, using both red and blue LEDs simultaneously is more preferable. In particular, the selection of the light source wavelength during the seedling stage of fruit and vegetable cultivation helps to increase or decrease fruit yield; therefore, using both red and blue LEDs during the seedling stage is preferred. Thus, for example, compared to using white LEDs during the seedling stage, increased yield can be expected.

[0086] The light source is positioned on the side of the fruit and vegetable plant. By illuminating the plant with artificial light from the side, the size (especially the height) of the plant can be controlled.

[0087] The light source can be positioned not only on the side of the fruit and vegetable plant, but also on the upper part in the vertical direction.

[0088] From the perspective of space utilization efficiency, light sources are preferably positioned on the sides and upper vertically of the fruit and vegetable plant. For example, multiple light sources are evenly spaced on the sides of the fruit and vegetable plant along a direction parallel to gravity.

[0089] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and sugar content, the optimal light intensity for artificial light irradiating fruit and vegetable plants during cultivation is 200 μmol / m². 2 / s~800μmol / m 2 / s, more preferably 250 μmol / m 2 / s~600μmol / m 2 / s.

[0090] Light intensity is measured by positioning the measuring device with its light-receiving surface facing the light source at a distance of 1 cm from the fruit or vegetable plant. For example, a quantum light sensor (LI-COR, LI-190R) can be used as the measuring device. Furthermore, when the light source is positioned in two or more directions on the fruit or vegetable plant, the sum of the light intensities measured with the measuring device facing each light source is defined as the aforementioned light intensity.

[0091] Light intensity can be controlled by changing the type and number of light sources (LEDs, fluorescent lamps, etc.), changing the distance between the light source and the fruit and vegetable plants, and using dimmable light sources.

[0092] <Hydroponic cultivation frame>

[0093] The cultivation device involved in this invention includes a hydroponic cultivation rack. The hydroponic cultivation rack is arranged in two or more sections along the vertical direction. There is no particular limitation on the number of sections of the hydroponic cultivation rack as long as there are two or more sections, but from the point of view of workability, it is preferable to have eight sections or less.

[0094] The cultivation device involved in this invention has two or more sections, that is, it ensures that there are two or more cultivation spaces required for cultivating fruit and vegetable plants along the vertical direction.

[0095] The height of one section of the hydroponic cultivation rack should take into account the height of the fruit and vegetable plants, and is preferably 50cm to 100cm.

[0096] Furthermore, the cultivation space should take into account the height of the fruit and vegetable plants, preferably 50cm to 100cm.

[0097] The height of one section of a hydroponic cultivation rack represents the shortest distance from the bottom (base) to the top (ceiling) of the rack.

[0098] Furthermore, the cultivation space refers to the space where fruit and vegetable plants can exist. In the case where the hydroponic cultivation trough is set on the hydroponic cultivation rack, as described later, the cultivation space refers to the space other than the hydroponic cultivation trough.

[0099] The hydroponic cultivation methods carried out on hydroponic racks are not particularly limited. For example, well-known hydroponic cultivation methods such as deep flow hydroponics, film hydroponics, drip irrigation hydroponics, spray hydroponics, and tidal hydroponics can be cited.

[0100] Hydroponic cultivation racks are installed in spaces where temperature and humidity are controlled.

[0101] Temperature conditions can be adjusted by an air conditioner installed within the cultivation device for growing fruit and vegetable plants. For example, the temperature can be adjusted to two or more conditions, such as daylight temperature and dark period temperature, in conjunction with light conditions.

[0102] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the upper limit of the temperature for the next planting season is preferably below 29°C, more preferably below 28.5°C, and even more preferably below 28°C.

[0103] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the lower limit of the temperature for the next planting season is preferably above 15℃, more preferably above 20℃, and even more preferably above 25℃.

[0104] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the upper limit of the dark period temperature is preferably below 25°C, more preferably below 23°C, and even more preferably below 22°C.

[0105] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the lower limit of the dark period temperature is preferably above 10℃, more preferably above 13℃, and even more preferably above 15℃.

[0106] The light and dark temperatures were measured by placing a thermometer 1 cm away from the fruit and vegetable plant. For example, the THA-3151 temperature and humidity sensor manufactured by T&D Corporation can be used as the thermometer.

[0107] Furthermore, in this invention, "light period" refers to the period during which the fruit and vegetable plant is irradiated by a light source. Also, in this invention, "dark period" refers to the period during which the fruit and vegetable plant is not irradiated by a light source.

[0108] There are no particular limitations on the methods for controlling the light and dark periods' temperatures; they can be achieved using methods already known. For example, the light and dark periods' temperatures can be controlled by monitoring the aforementioned thermometers and supplying warm or cold air as needed.

[0109] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the ratio of the light period time to the dark period time (light period time / dark period time) is preferably 0.5 to 5, more preferably 1 to 4, and even more preferably 2 to 3.

[0110] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the relative humidity is preferably controlled at 50% to 80%, and more preferably at 55% to 77%.

[0111] Relative humidity is measured by placing a hygrometer 1 cm away from the fruit and vegetable plant. For example, the THA-3151 temperature and humidity sensor manufactured by T&D Corporation can be used as the hygrometer.

[0112] There are no particular limitations on the method of humidity control; it can be carried out using methods that are already known. For example, humidity conditions can be controlled by monitoring the humidity of the cultivation environment using the aforementioned hygrometer, and by using an air conditioning unit with humidification and dehumidification functions as needed.

[0113] From the perspective of increasing harvest, the carbon dioxide concentration in the space equipped with hydroponic cultivation racks is preferably 300 ppm to 2000 ppm, more preferably 400 ppm to 1500 ppm.

[0114] Carbon dioxide concentration was measured by placing a carbon dioxide concentration meter 1 cm away from the fruit and vegetable plant. For example, the LI-850 manufactured by LI-COR could be used as the carbon dioxide concentration meter.

[0115] There are no particular limitations on the method for controlling carbon dioxide concentration; it can be done using methods that are already known. For example, the carbon dioxide concentration in the environment can be monitored using the aforementioned carbon dioxide concentration meter, and air conditioning devices can be used as needed.

[0116] <Light Reflecting Components>

[0117] The cultivation device involved in this invention is equipped with a light-reflecting component.

[0118] There are no special restrictions on light-reflecting components, as long as they have the function of reflecting light.

[0119] From the viewpoint of improving light utilization efficiency and production efficiency, the reflectivity of the light reflecting component for wavelengths of 400nm to 700nm is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and even more preferably 90% or more. The above reflectivity can be 100%.

[0120] Examples of light-reflecting components include reflective plates and reflective sheets. A light-reflecting component may also be a component with a light-reflecting layer provided on the surface of a support.

[0121] Examples of reflectors include metal plates (aluminum plates, etc.) and resin plates (white resin plates).

[0122] Examples of reflective sheets include a sheet having a metal vapor-deposited film (aluminum, silver, etc.) as a light-reflecting layer deposited on a resin sheet (polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, etc.); a sheet having a metal foil (aluminum foil, etc.) as a light-reflecting layer bonded to the aforementioned resin sheet; and a sheet having a coating film coated with a light-reflecting coating as a light-reflecting layer on the aforementioned resin sheet.

[0123] As an example of silver vapor deposition film, Luiremirror (registered trademark) manufactured by REIKO Co., Ltd. can be cited.

[0124] Furthermore, the reflective sheet can be a sheet formed of fibers (e.g., "Tyvek (registered trademark)" manufactured by DuPont de Nemours, Inc.).

[0125] The thickness of the light-reflecting component is preferably 300 μm or less, more preferably 200 μm or less, and even more preferably 150 μm or less.

[0126] Furthermore, the thickness of the light-reflecting component is preferably 10 μm or more, more preferably 20 μm or more, and even more preferably 30 μm or more.

[0127] If the thickness is within the above range, sufficient reflectivity can be obtained, and the operation of the light-reflecting component becomes easier, thereby improving workability.

[0128] A light-reflecting component is positioned opposite the light source, separated from the fruit and vegetable plant. The light-reflecting component is preferably fixed to the hydroponic cultivation frame in a movable or detachable manner. By moving or removing the light-reflecting component, the fruit and vegetable plant can be positioned on the hydroponic cultivation frame, thereby enabling the harvesting of the fruit and vegetable.

[0129] <Other Structures>

[0130] The cultivation apparatus of the present invention preferably includes a hydroponic cultivation trough for containing culture solution and a culture solution storage tank for storing culture solution in order to supply culture solution to the hydroponic cultivation trough.

[0131] The culture medium can be prepared by appropriately selecting and formulating single-element fertilizers. When adjusting the fertilizer composition of the culture medium, the "BestBlend" formulation procedure provided by the NPO Japan Nutrient Hydroponics Research Association can be used. Furthermore, quantification of the components in the culture medium can be performed using ion chromatography or inductively coupled plasma (ICP) methods.

[0132] Examples of fertilizer components for liquid fertilizers include sodium nitrate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, ammonium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Liquid fertilizers can be any of the following: single-element fertilizers containing a single fertilizer component as the main component; compound fertilizers containing two or more components of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K); or formulated fertilizers containing multiple solid fertilizers.

[0133] The following is for reference. Figures 1-4 The embodiments of the cultivation apparatus involved in this invention will be described.

[0134] Figure 1 The cultivation device 100 shown has two hydroponic cultivation racks 10, and a hydroponic cultivation trough 12 is provided at the lower part of each hydroponic cultivation rack 10 in the vertical direction.

[0135] Furthermore, in the cultivation device 100, the height of the hydroponic cultivation rack 10 is approximately 95 cm. The height of the hydroponic cultivation trough 12 is approximately 15 cm. That is, the height of the cultivation space that the stems and leaves of the fruit and vegetable plants can occupy is approximately 80 cm.

[0136] In the cultivation device 100, multiple LED light sources 11, serving as one example of light sources, are arranged on the side of the fruit and vegetable plant (not shown). The hydroponic cultivation tank 12 contains a culture solution for soaking the roots of the fruit and vegetable plant. The culture solution contained therein is drawn up from the roots to the fruit and vegetable plant. One end of a drain pipe (not shown) for draining the contained culture solution is connected to the hydroponic cultivation tank 12.

[0137] A culture solution storage tank 14 is provided at the bottom of the lowest hydroponic cultivation rack 10.

[0138] The culture medium storage tank 14 is equipped with a supply pipe (not shown) and stores the culture medium for supplying to the hydroponic cultivation trough 12. The other end of the discharge pipe connected to the hydroponic cultivation trough 12 is positioned above the liquid surface of the culture medium in the culture medium storage tank 14, and the culture medium returns to the culture medium storage tank 14 from the other end of the discharge pipe according to the supply of culture medium from the supply pipe.

[0139] The circulation mechanism 15 is equipped with a drive pump (not shown) that can supply the culture medium stored in the culture medium storage tank 14 to the hydroponic cultivation tank 12 by driving the drive pump P.

[0140] As an example of a light-reflecting component, a reflective sheet 16 is positioned opposite the LED light source 11, separated from the fruit and vegetable plant.

[0141] The reflective sheet 16 functions as an openable / closed door.

[0142] The upper vertical end of the reflective sheet 16 is fixed to the support column 13. Except for the upper end of the reflective sheet 16, it is not fixed to the support column 13. By rolling up the reflective sheet 16, fruit and vegetable plants can be placed on the hydroponic cultivation frame, and the fruits of the fruit and vegetable plants can be harvested.

[0143] Figure 2 The cultivation device 200 shown has two hydroponic cultivation racks 20, and a hydroponic cultivation trough 22 is provided at the lower part of each hydroponic cultivation rack 20 in the vertical direction.

[0144] The detailed contents of the hydroponic cultivation rack 20, LED light source 21, hydroponic cultivation trough 22, culture medium storage tank 24, and circulation mechanism 25 in the cultivation device 200 are as follows: Figure 1 The hydroponic cultivation rack 10, LED light source 11, hydroponic cultivation trough 12, culture medium storage tank 14 and circulation mechanism 15 in the cultivation device 100 shown are the same.

[0145] The cultivation device 200 is equipped with an openable and closable door. The door has a reflective sheet 26 attached to the reflective sheet support plate 27, which serves as a light-reflecting component, allowing light from the LED light source 21 to be reflected by the reflective sheet 26 and illuminate the fruit and vegetable plant. The reflective sheet 26 is a light-reflecting component with an aluminum vapor-deposited film deposited on a resin sheet.

[0146] With the door closed, the reflective sheet 26 is positioned opposite the light source 21, separated from the fruit and vegetable plant. The door is kept closed during the cultivation of the fruit and vegetable plant.

[0147] The reflective sheet support plate 27 is mounted to the support column 23, for example, via a hinge.

[0148] In addition, in the cultivation device 200, a reflective sheet 26 is attached to the reflective sheet support plate 27, but a reflective layer can also be provided by coating the surface of the reflective sheet support plate 27 with a high reflectivity coating or the like instead of the reflective sheet 26. The surface on which the reflective layer is provided is the side facing the light source 21, separated from the fruit and vegetable plant, when the door is closed.

[0149] Figure 3 The cultivation device 300 shown has two hydroponic cultivation racks 30, and a hydroponic cultivation trough 32 is provided at the lower part of each hydroponic cultivation rack 30 in the vertical direction.

[0150] The detailed contents of the hydroponic cultivation rack 30, LED light source 31, hydroponic cultivation trough 32, culture medium storage tank 34, and circulation mechanism 35 in the cultivation device 300 are as follows: Figure 1 The hydroponic cultivation rack 10, LED light source 11, hydroponic cultivation trough 12, culture medium storage tank 14 and circulation mechanism 15 in the cultivation device 100 shown are the same.

[0151] The cultivation device 300 is equipped with an openable and closable door. The door has a reflective sheet 36 attached to a reflective sheet support plate 37, which serves as a light-reflecting component. Multiple LED light sources 38 are mounted on the reflective sheet 36. Light from the LED light sources 31 is reflected by the reflective sheet 36 to illuminate the fruit and vegetable plants, and can also be directly illuminated from the LED light sources 38 to the sides of the fruit and vegetable plants. The reflective sheet 36 is a light-reflecting component with an aluminum vapor-deposited film formed on a resin sheet.

[0152] With the door closed, the reflective sheet 36 and the light source 38 are positioned opposite the light source 31, separated by the fruit and vegetable plant. The door is kept closed during the cultivation of the fruit and vegetable plant.

[0153] The reflective sheet support plate 37 is mounted to the column 33, for example, via a hinge.

[0154] Alternatively, in the cultivation apparatus 300, multiple light sources 38 are mounted on the reflective sheet 36, but multiple light sources 38 can also be mounted directly on the reflective sheet support plate 37. In this case, the reflective sheet 36 is attached to the reflective sheet support plate 37 in areas other than the areas where the light sources 38 are mounted.

[0155] Figure 4 The cultivation device 400 shown has two hydroponic cultivation racks 40, and a hydroponic cultivation trough 42 is provided at the lower part of each hydroponic cultivation rack 40 in the vertical direction.

[0156] The detailed contents of the hydroponic cultivation rack 40, LED light source 41, hydroponic cultivation trough 42, culture medium storage tank 44, and circulation mechanism 45 in the cultivation device 400 are as follows: Figure 1The hydroponic cultivation rack 10, LED light source 11, hydroponic cultivation trough 12, culture medium storage tank 14 and circulation mechanism 15 in the cultivation device 100 shown are the same.

[0157] The cultivation device 400 is equipped with a roller-shaped partition wall that opens by rolling out, closing, and winding. A reflective sheet 46, serving as a light-reflecting component, is attached to a reflective sheet support plate 47 on the roller-shaped partition wall. Multiple LED light sources 48 are further mounted on the reflective sheet 46. The reflective sheet 46 is a light-reflecting component having an aluminum vapor-deposited film deposited on a resin sheet.

[0158] The reflective sheet 46 and the light source 48 are positioned opposite the light source LED 41, separated by the fruit and vegetable plant.

[0159] The upper vertical end of the reflective sheet 46 is fixed to the support column 43. Except for the upper end of the reflective sheet 46, it is not fixed to the support column 43. By rolling up the roller-shaped partition wall, fruit and vegetable plants can be placed on the hydroponic cultivation rack, and the fruits of the fruit and vegetable plants can be harvested.

[0160] In addition, in the cultivation device 400, a reflective sheet 46 is attached to the reflective sheet support plate 47, but it is also possible to have only the reflective sheet 46 without the reflective sheet support plate 47. Furthermore, the reflective sheet 46 is attached to the reflective sheet support plate 47, and multiple LED light sources 48 are mounted on the reflective sheet 46, but it is also possible to mount the LED light sources 48 on the reflective sheet 46 without the reflective sheet support plate 47.

[0161] Cultivation methods for fruit and vegetable plants

[0162] The cultivation method for fruit and vegetable plants involved in this invention preferably uses the above-mentioned cultivation device to cultivate fruit and vegetable plants of the Solanaceae or Cucurbitaceae families.

[0163] The cultivation of fruit and vegetable plants using the above-mentioned cultivation device is preferably carried out in the cultivation process after the seedling stage. It can be started at any stage before or after the transplanting of the fruit and vegetable plants after seedling stage, but preferably after the transplanting of the fruit and vegetable plants.

[0164] <Seedling Process>

[0165] The cultivation method for fruit and vegetable plants of the present invention can include a seedling raising process. In the seedling raising process, the germinated fruit and vegetable plants are cultivated into fruit and vegetable seedlings.

[0166] From the perspective of cultivation efficiency, the seedlings of fruit and vegetable plants are preferably raised using hydroponics, and even more preferably using deep liquid flow hydroponics.

[0167] From the perspective of cultivation efficiency, it is preferable to use a culture solution with a nitrogen concentration of more than 10 ppm by mass in the seedling raising process.

[0168] In the seedling stage, the light and dark periods can be switched by irradiating the germinated fruit and vegetable plants with artificial light, and the temperature conditions can be adjusted according to the light and dark periods. For example, it is possible to adjust to two or more temperature conditions, such as light period temperature and dark period temperature.

[0169] From the viewpoint of shortening the period until bud break, the upper limit of the next period temperature is preferably 29°C or less, more preferably 28.5°C or less, and even more preferably 28°C or less.

[0170] From the viewpoint of shortening the period until bud break, the lower limit of the temperature during the next period is preferably 15°C or higher, more preferably 20°C or higher, and even more preferably 25°C or higher.

[0171] From the viewpoint of shortening the period until bud break, the upper limit of the dark period temperature is preferably 25°C or less, more preferably 23°C or less, and even more preferably 22°C or less.

[0172] From the viewpoint of shortening the period until bud break, the lower limit of the dark period temperature is preferably 10°C or higher, more preferably 13°C or higher, and even more preferably 15°C or higher.

[0173] In addition, the light source, wavelength, etc. of artificial light can be the same as those recorded in the cultivation process.

[0174] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the ratio of the light period time to the dark period time (light period time / dark period time) is preferably 0.3 to 3, more preferably 0.5 to 2.

[0175] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the relative humidity in the seedling raising process is preferably controlled at 50% to 80%, and more preferably at 55% to 77%.

[0176] From the perspectives of cultivation efficiency and high sugar content, the optimal light intensity for irradiating fruit and vegetable plants after germination during the seedling stage is 200 μmol / m². 2 / s~800μmol / m 2 / s, more preferably 250 μmol / m 2 / s~600μmol / m 2 / s.

[0177] Regarding artificial light irradiation, it can be applied from the top of the fruit and vegetable plant after germination or from the side. However, from the perspective of cultivation efficiency and space utilization efficiency, it is preferable to apply it from the top.

[0178] Furthermore, artificial light can also be applied from the side and above.

[0179] From the viewpoint of shortening the period until harvest, the carbon dioxide concentration in the environment during the seedling raising process is preferably 300 ppm to 2000 ppm, more preferably 400 ppm to 1500 ppm.

[0180] There is no particular limitation on the duration of the seedling raising process, but from the viewpoint of growth after transplanting and shortening the period until bud break, it is preferred to be 5 to 40 days, more preferably 10 to 35 days, even more preferably 12 to 30 days, and especially preferably 15 to 30 days.

[0181] When seedling cultivation is carried out using hydroponics, there are no particular limitations on the support used to support the fruit and vegetable plants after germination. It is preferable to use a material that has both appropriate permeability and water retention, and more preferably polyurethane sponge, phenolic resin sponge, rock wool, or a support platform with water-retaining sheets.

[0182] <Germination Process>

[0183] The cultivation method for fruit and vegetable plants according to the present invention can include a germination process. The germination process involves the following treatment: germinating the seeds of the fruit and vegetable plants used in the germination process.

[0184] There are no particular limitations on the germination method; it can be carried out using methods already known. For example, it can be done by sowing the seeds of fruit and vegetable plants onto a support that is thoroughly moistened with water and storing it in the dark. As for the support, the same support used in the seedling process can be cited.

[0185] Furthermore, seeds of fruit and vegetable plants with similar growth stages are selected from those that have been identified and germinated, and seedlings are raised in this way, which can ensure that the harvest time of the fruits is consistent and improve cultivation efficiency.

[0186] The germination temperature varies depending on the type and variety of fruit and vegetable plant used, but for commercially available seeds, this is usually publicly available. Furthermore, if the germination temperature is unclear, it can be confirmed experimentally. Also, depending on the type and variety of fruit and vegetable plant used, dormancy-breaking treatments may be necessary during germination. During germination, some seeds require specific wavelengths of light, some require darkness, and some germinate under either condition. This information can also be obtained in the same way as the germination temperature.

[0187] The relative humidity during the germination process is preferably set to 70%–100%, and more preferably 80%–95%. By setting it within this range, the drying out of the plant body during the germination period can be prevented, thus promoting good growth.

[0188] The period required for germination is not fixed, but it is preferably the period from root formation to the start of hypocotyl elongation, which is mostly about a few days to a week. By using this period for germination, the roots can grow fully and the hypocotyl can be prevented from elongating excessively. The seedlings then grow well during the seedling stage, and the period until flowering can be shortened, so it is preferred.

[0189] Example

[0190] The above embodiments will be described in more detail below through examples, but the above embodiments are not limited to these examples.

[0191] <Example 1>

[0192] (Germination process)

[0193] Thirty tomato seeds (variety: Momotaro York (registered trademark), manufactured by TAKII & CO.,LTD.) were sown onto a support A (5cm×5cm×2cm polyurethane foam) that was fully filled with pure water. The seeds were kept in a dark environment at 28℃ and 70% relative humidity for 3 days to allow them to germinate, resulting in 28 tomato seedlings.

[0194] (Seedling process)

[0195] Twenty-five healthy tomato seedlings were selected from the tomato sprouts obtained in the above germination process and transplanted into a hydroponic cultivation device equipped with the following features in a temperature- and humidity-controlled environment: an artificial light source (an LED CIVILIGHT manufactured by Showa Denko KK was installed 30 cm above the plant surface, set to a light intensity of 660 nm light at the plant surface: 200 μmol / m²). 2 / s, 450nm light: 100μmol / m 2 / s); and a hydroponic cultivation trough containing nutrient solutions containing 500 times diluted Hyponica liquid fertilizer solution A and solution B manufactured by Kyowa Co., Ltd., and seedlings were cultivated for 20 days using deep liquid flow hydroponics under the following light and dark conditions, thereby obtaining 25 tomato seedlings.

[0196] • Light period: 18 hours, light intensity 300 μmol / m²s (as described above), 27℃

[0197] Dark period: 6 hours, light intensity 0 μmol / m²s (lights off), 19℃

[0198] * Relative humidity is set to 70% during both the light and dark periods.

[0199] (Cultivation process)

[0200] Set up in a space where temperature and humidity are controlled Figure 1 The cultivation apparatus shown uses 20 well-grown tomato seedlings obtained in the above-mentioned seedling raising process. These seedlings are planted in two separate hydroponic cultivation troughs, 10 seedlings per trough, ensuring they are not obstructed by LED light. Cultivation begins under the following conditions: During cultivation, single-stem pruning (excluding lateral buds and leaf removal) and trellising are performed according to conventional methods. After three inflorescences (the first to third inflorescences) appear on the main stem, the tip is pinched off, retaining the upper two leaves of the third inflorescence, once the flowering time of the third inflorescence can be confirmed.

[0201] In addition, the fruit is thinned by ensuring that each inflorescence has three fruits, and the tomato fruits that have formed up to the third inflorescence are harvested, thus ending the cultivation.

[0202] • Light source: Manufactured by RYODEN Co., Ltd., plant cultivation LED four-color type, PGL-200DWBF26D

[0203] • Light intensity: 500 μmol / m 2 / s

[0204] • Light composition: Follows the light-emitting behavior of LEDs as described above.

[0205] • Light / Dark Cycle (Light Period / Dark Period): 16 hours / 8 hours

[0206] • Temperature: 27℃ (light period), 19℃ (dark period)

[0207] Relative humidity: 70%

[0208] • Carbon dioxide concentration: 1,000 ppm

[0209] ·Fertilization method: NFT hydroponics

[0210] • Liquid fertilizer: "HYPONICA Liquid Fertilizer" manufactured by Kyowa Co., LTD. is diluted with pure water before use.

[0211] From planting until the third inflorescence blooms, the above-mentioned liquid fertilizer is diluted to an EC value of 1.5 ds / m before use. After the third inflorescence blooms, the liquid fertilizer is diluted to an EC value of 3.5 ds / m before use. If the culture medium in the culture medium storage tank decreases, diluted Hyponica liquid fertilizer culture medium is added. Furthermore, the EC value in the culture medium storage tank is monitored during cultivation. If the EC value deviates significantly from the above value, undiluted Hyponica liquid fertilizer is added to adjust it to the specified EC value.

[0212] <Example 2>

[0213] The cultivation equipment used in the cultivation process will be changed to Figure 2 The cultivation apparatus shown was used for cultivation in the same manner as in Example 1, except that cultivation was carried out in the same way.

[0214] <Example 3>

[0215] The cultivation equipment used in the cultivation process will be changed to Figure 3 The cultivation apparatus shown was used for cultivation in the same manner as in Example 1, except that cultivation was carried out in the same way.

[0216] <Example 4>

[0217] Change the cultivation equipment used in the cultivation process to Figure 4 The cultivation apparatus shown was used for cultivation in the same manner as in Example 1, except that cultivation was carried out in the same way.

[0218] <Example 5>

[0219] Will Figure 1 The reflective sheet 16 was Tyvek 400AG (92% reflectivity, 140 μm thickness) manufactured by DuPont de Nemours, Inc., and was otherwise cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0220] <Example 6>

[0221] Will Figure 2 The reflective sheet 26 was a POLYSHINE HIGH DEN (75% reflectivity, 60 μm thickness) manufactured by AICHI TRICO LTD., and was otherwise cultivated in the same manner as in Example 2.

[0222] <Example 7>

[0223] Will Figure 3 The reflective sheet 36 was Luiremirror 72W41 manufactured by REIKO Co., Ltd. (98.5% reflectivity, 81 μm thickness), and was otherwise cultivated in the same manner as in Example 3.

[0224] <Comparative Example 1>

[0225] exist Figure 1 In the cultivation device shown, the reflective sheet 16 has been removed.

[0226] The cultivation was carried out using the cultivation apparatus with the reflective sheet removed, except that the cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0227] The yield of tomato fruits obtained is shown in Table 1.

[0228] [Table 1]

[0229] As shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the yield of tomato fruits obtained in Examples 1 to 7 was significantly increased compared with that in Comparative Example 1.

[0230] Furthermore, the entire contents of Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-042745, filed on March 18, 2024, and Japanese Patent Application No. 2025-017704, filed on February 5, 2025, are incorporated herein by reference. Moreover, all documents, patent applications, and technical standards described in this specification are incorporated herein by reference to the same extent as those specifically and separately described and incorporated herein by reference.

Claims

1. A cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants, used for cultivating fruit and vegetable plants of the Solanaceae or Cucurbitaceae families. The cultivation device includes: a light source for illuminating artificial light; a hydroponic cultivation rack for fruit and vegetable plants; and a light-reflecting component. The hydroponic cultivation rack is configured in two or more sections along the vertical direction within a space where temperature and humidity are controlled. The light source is positioned on the side of the fruit and vegetable plant. The light-reflecting component is positioned opposite the light source, separated from the fruit and vegetable plant.

2. The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to claim 1, wherein, The light-reflecting component is fixed to the hydroponic cultivation frame in a movable or detachable manner.

3. The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to claim 1, wherein, The light-reflecting component has a reflectivity of over 70% for wavelengths from 400nm to 700nm.

4. The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to claim 1, wherein, The thickness of the light-reflecting component is less than 200 μm.

5. The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to claim 1, wherein, The hydroponic cultivation rack has an opening and closing door. The light-reflecting component is disposed on the side of the door facing the fruit and vegetable plant. With the door closed, the light source and the light-reflecting component are positioned opposite each other across the fruit and vegetable plant.

6. The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to claim 5, wherein, The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants also includes a light source, which illuminates artificial light onto the side of the door facing the fruit and vegetable plants.

7. The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to claim 5, wherein, The upper vertical part of the door is fixed to the hydroponic cultivation frame.

8. The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to claim 1, wherein, The light source is positioned on the side and upper vertical direction of the fruit and vegetable plant.

9. The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to claim 1, wherein, The height of one section of the hydroponic cultivation rack is 50cm to 100cm.

10. The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to claim 1, wherein, The plant body mentioned is the tomato plant body.

11. The cultivation device for fruit and vegetable plants according to claim 10, wherein, The tomato plant body satisfies the following formula (1). 6.0≤L / X≤30.0…(1) In equation (1), In the case that the tomato plant does not have lateral branches, L represents the length in cm from the planting surface to the growing point of the main branch, and X represents the sum of the number of inflorescences and fruit clusters on the main branch. In the case of a tomato plant with lateral branches, L represents the length in centimeters from the planting surface to the growing point of one main branch or lateral branch, and X represents the sum of the number of inflorescences and fruit clusters on that main branch or lateral branch. X is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

12. A method for cultivating fruit and vegetable plants, wherein the cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11 is used to cultivate fruit and vegetable plants of the Solanaceae or Cucurbitaceae families.

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