UV-absorbing cosmetic compositions exhibiting enhanced sun protection factor in the presence of biodegradable cellulose ester microbeads

Abstract

Cosmetic compositions comprising biodegradable microbeads formed from biodegradable mixed cellulose esters are provided. More particularly, cosmetic compositions containing environmentally friendly cellulose-based microbeads that can be used in a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care applications are provided. The microbeads produced also exhibit enhanced firmness, sphericity, and smoothness.

Description

Background Technology

[0001] Microbeads are particles with a diameter of less than 1 millimeter (mm). These particles are sometimes included in consumer products, such as personal care products and cosmetics. Many of these products containing microbeads are designed to be applied and then washed or rinsed off the user's body. When products containing microbeads are washed or rinsed off the user's body, the particles are flushed down the drain and received at municipal water treatment facilities. In the past, many known microbeads were made of plastic or polymeric materials, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethyl methacrylate, nylon, polyurethane, etc. These materials generally have limited biodegradability. Furthermore, the small size of the particles limits their ability to be captured at water treatment facilities, making it possible for the particles to be discharged from facilities and enter larger bodies of water (e.g., rivers, seas, and oceans). Once in these larger bodies of water, plastic or polymer microbeads may be ingested by wildlife or cause other environmental problems. Therefore, the possibility of producing microbead particles using more environmentally friendly materials has recently been explored. However, consumers often have high expectations for the personal care products and / or cosmetics they use, including those containing microbeads.

[0002] It has been unexpectedly discovered that UV-absorbing cosmetic compositions exhibit enhanced sun protection factor in the presence of biodegradable cellulose ester microbeads. Therefore, there is a desire to develop commercially viable UV-absorbing cosmetic compositions containing biodegradable cellulose ester microbeads that meet the high expectations of everyday consumers. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application discloses a cosmetic composition comprising: (1) Biodegradable microparticles, wherein the biodegradable microparticles include cellulose esters, in: (a) The biodegradable microparticles exhibit at least 30% biodegradability at 60 days according to at least one of the OECD 301B, OECD 301C or OECD 301F test methods, and (b) Biodegradable particles are formed through mechanical grinding; and (2) At least one UV filter other than biodegradable particles, The cosmetic composition described therein exhibits a sun protection factor (“SPF”) value, and wherein the SPF value is at least 10% higher than that of a cosmetic composition containing a UV filter but not the biodegradable microparticles.

[0004] This application also discloses the use of biodegradable microparticles in cosmetic compositions as sun protection factor (“SPF”) enhancers, wherein: (a) Biodegradable microparticles contain cellulose esters. (b) The biodegradable microparticles exhibit at least 30% biodegradability at 60 days according to at least one of the OECD 301B, OECD 301C, or OECD 301F test methods, and (c) Biodegradable particles are formed by mechanical grinding. Detailed Implementation

[0005] The invention can be more readily understood by referring to the following detailed description and the embodiments provided therein. It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the specific methods, formulations, and conditions described, as these may vary. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for describing specific aspects of the disclosed embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0006] A value can be expressed as “about” or “approximately” for a given numerical value. Similarly, a range can be expressed herein as “about” a specific value and / or to “about” or another specific value. When such a range is expressed, the other side includes that specific value and / or to that other specific value. Similarly, when a value is expressed as an approximation, the specific value is understood to form the other side by using the antecedent “about”.

[0007] As used herein, the terms “a”, “an” and “the” mean one or more species.

[0008] As used herein, the term "and / or," when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items may be used alone, or any combination of two or more of the listed items may be used. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and / or C, then the composition may contain only A; only B; only C; a combination of A and B; a combination of A and C; a combination of B and C; or a combination of A, B, and C.

[0009] As used herein, the term “comprising, comprises, and comprise” is an open-ended transition word used to transition from an object described before the term to one or more elements described after the term, wherein the one or more elements listed after the transition word are not necessarily the only elements constituting the subject matter.

[0010] As used in this article, the term “having (having, has, and have)” has the same open-ended meaning as “comprising (comprising, comprises, and comprise)” provided above.

[0011] As used in this article, the term “including (including, include, and included)” has the same open-ended meaning as “comprising, comprises, and comprise” provided above.

[0012] As used herein, “mixed cellulose ester” should mean a cellulose ester having at least two different ester substituents on a single cellulose ester polymer chain.

[0013] As used herein, the term "SPF enhancer" refers to a material that increases the UV absorption of one material when two materials are mixed in a composition, thereby resulting in an increase in the SPF value.

[0014] The “degree of substitution” is used to describe the average level of substitution of substituents in each dehydrated glucose unit (“AGU”). Generally, conventional cellulose contains three hydroxyl groups that can be substituted in each AGU unit. Therefore, the DS can have a value between 0 and 3. However, low molecular weight cellulose blends can have a total degree of substitution slightly higher than 3 due to contributions from end groups. Low molecular weight cellulose blends are discussed in more detail later in this disclosure. Since DS is a statistical average, a value of 1 does not guarantee that each AGU has a substituent. In some cases, there may be unsubstituted dehydrated glucose units, some with two substituents and some with three substituents; typically, the value will be a non-integer. The total DS is defined as the average number of all substituents in each dehydrated glucose unit. The degree of substitution for each AGU can also refer to a specific substituent, such as, for example, hydroxyl, acetyl, butyryl, or propionyl. Furthermore, based on the carbon units of the dehydrated glucose unit, the degree of substitution can specify a given hydroxyl group.

[0015] When the degree of substitution refers to the hydroxyl group, i.e., DS OH In this calculation, the average hydroxyl group of each unsubstituted dehydrated glucose is used as a reference. Therefore, DS is not used when calculating the total degree of substitution. OH .

[0016] This specification uses numerical ranges to quantify certain parameters relevant to the invention. It should be understood that when numerical ranges are provided, these ranges are to be interpreted as providing textual support for claims that only state the lower limit of the range and claims that only state the upper limit of the range. For example, the disclosed numerical range of 10 to 100 provides textual support for claims stating "greater than 10" (no upper limit) and claims stating "less than 100" (no lower limit).

[0017] This specification uses specific numerical values ​​to quantify certain parameters relevant to the invention, whereby these specific values ​​are not explicitly part of a numerical range. It should be understood that each specific numerical value provided herein should be interpreted as providing textual support for broad, intermediate, and narrow ranges. A broad range associated with each specific numerical value is the value plus or minus 60% (rounded to two significant figures). A medium range associated with each specific numerical value is the value plus or minus 30% (rounded to two significant figures). A narrow range associated with each specific numerical value is the value plus or minus 15% (rounded to two significant figures). For example, if the specification describes a specific temperature of 62℉, then such a description provides textual support for a broad numerical range of 25℉ to 99℉ (62℉ + / - 37℉), a medium numerical range of 43℉ to 81℉ (62℉ + / - 19℉), and a narrow numerical range of 53℉ to 71℉ (62℉ + / - 9℉). These wide, medium, and narrow ranges apply not only to specific values ​​but also to the differences between those values. Therefore, if the instruction manual describes a first pressure of 110 psia and a second pressure of 48 psia (a difference of 62 psi), the wide, medium, and narrow ranges of the pressure difference between these two flows would be 25 to 99 psi, 43 to 81 psi, and 53 to 71 psi, respectively.

[0018] Throughout this application, whenever patents or publications are cited, the disclosures in those references are intended to be incorporated into this application in their entirety, provided that such disclosures do not contradict the present invention, so as to more fully describe the current state of the prior art to which the present invention pertains.

[0019] Cosmetic Composition This application discloses a cosmetic composition comprising: (1) biodegradable microparticles comprising cellulose esters, wherein: (a) the biodegradable microparticles exhibit at least 30% biodegradability at 60 days according to at least one of the OECD 301B, OECD 301C or OECD 301F test methods, and (b) the biodegradable microparticles are formed by mechanical grinding; and (2) at least one UV filter other than the biodegradable microparticles, wherein the cosmetic composition exhibits a sun protection factor (“SPF”) value, and wherein the SPF value is at least 10% higher than that of a cosmetic composition containing a UV filter but not containing biodegradable microparticles.

[0020] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the at least one UV filter is an organic UV filter, an inorganic UV filter, or a combination thereof. In one category of embodiments, the at least one UV filter is an organic UV filter. In one category of embodiments, the at least one UV filter is an inorganic UV filter. In one category of embodiments, the at least one UV filter is a combination of an organic UV filter and an inorganic UV filter.

[0021] Examples of organic UV filters include, but are not limited to, dihydroxybenzoic acid, dihydroxyacetone, methyl anthranilate, benzophenone-4, benzophenone-4, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, triethanolamine salicylate, sinoxalate, oxybenzone, octocrylene, gallyl gallate trioleate, p-dimethylacetate, octyl methoxycinnamate, p-methoxycinnamate diethanolamine, p-methoxycinnamate diethanolamine, ethyl methoxycinnamate, p-aminobenzoic acid (“PABA”), glycerol PABA, ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA, octyl methoxycinnamate, and p-aminobenzoic acid. Formic acid, glycerol PABA, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, octyl dimethyl PABA, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, homosalate, cresoltrazol, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, octyl triazine, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-camphor, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, octyl triazine, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-camphor, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, 3-benzylidene camphor, camphor benzalkonium, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, triethoxyoctylsilane, sulfonylbenzylidene camphor, sulfonylmethylbenzylidene camphor, or combinations thereof.

[0022] Examples of inorganic UV filters include, but are not limited to, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon dioxide, manganese oxide, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, mica, silica, talc, kaolin, or combinations thereof.

[0023] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the cosmetic composition comprises at least 0.1% by weight, at least 0.5% by weight, at least 1% by weight, at least 2% by weight, at least 3% by weight, at least 4% by weight, at least 5% by weight, at least 6% by weight, at least 7% by weight, at least 8% by weight, at least 9% by weight, at least 10% by weight, at least 11% by weight, at least 12% by weight, at least 13% by weight, at least 14% by weight, or at least 15% by weight of biodegradable microparticles.

[0024] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the cosmetic composition comprises less than 99% by weight, or less than 90% by weight, or less than 80% by weight, or less than 70% by weight, or less than 60% by weight, or less than 50% by weight, or less than 40% by weight, or less than 30% by weight, or less than 25% by weight, or less than 20% by weight, or less than 15% by weight, or less than 10% by weight, or less than 5% by weight of biodegradable microparticles.

[0025] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the cosmetic composition is a foundation, sunscreen, lipstick, lip balm, anti-chapped lip balm, mascara, eyeshadow, lotion, dry shampoo, conditioner, or moisturizer.

[0026] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the cosmetic composition comprises at least 1% by weight, at least 5% by weight, at least 10% by weight, at least 15% by weight, at least 20% by weight, at least 25% by weight, at least 30% by weight, at least 35% by weight, at least 40% by weight, at least 45% by weight, at least 50% by weight, at least 55% by weight, at least 60% by weight, at least 65% by weight, at least 70% by weight, at least 75% by weight, at least 80% by weight, at least 85% by weight, at least 90% by weight or at least 95% by weight and / or less than 99% by weight, less than 95% by weight, less than 90% by weight, less than 85% by weight, less than 75% by weight, less than 70% by weight, less than 65% by weight or less than 60% by weight, wherein the cosmetic additives comprise colorants, oils, waxes, fatty acids, alcohols, esters, hydrocarbons, silicone oils, surfactants, metallic soaps, emollients, thickeners, UV absorbers, antioxidants, oil absorbers, exfoliants, water, or combinations thereof.

[0027] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, mechanical grinding is performed using a jet mill, ball mill, hammer mill, pin mill, or cryogenic mill. In one category of this embodiment, mechanical grinding is performed using a jet mill.

[0028] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the cellulose ester comprises: (i) a plurality of acetyl substituents; and (ii) a plurality of hydroxyl substituents, wherein the cellulose ester exhibits: (1) an average degree of substitution (“DS”) for the acetyl substituents. Ac (2) The average degree of substitution (DS) for hydroxyl substituents is in the range of 0.1 to 2.5, and (3) the average degree of substitution for hydroxyl substituents is in the range of 0.1 to 2.5. OH The value is in the range of 0.5 to 2.8.

[0029] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the cellulose ester further comprises a plurality of (C 3-4)alkyl-CO-substituents, and wherein the cellulose ester further exhibits: (3) for (C 3-4 Average degree of substitution of alkyl-CO- (“DS”) AkCO The value is in the range of 0.1 to 1.5.

[0030] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the cellulose ester is cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate acetate, or cellulose acetate butyrate.

[0031] In one implementation or in combination with any other implementation, DS OH In the range of 0.6 to 1.0.

[0032] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles exhibit a unimodal particle size distribution spanning at least 0.5, at least 0.55, at least 0.60, at least 0.65, at least 0.70, at least 0.75, at least 0.80, at least 0.85, at least 0.9, at least 0.95, at least 1.0, at least 1.05, at least 1.1, at least 1.15, at least 1.2, or at least 1.25 and / or less than 3.0, less than 2.9, less than 2.8, less than 2.7, less than 2.6, less than 2.5, less than 2.4, less than 2.3, less than 2.2, and less than 2.1, less than 2.0, less than 1.9, less than 1.8, less than 1.7 or less than 1.6, wherein the biodegradable microparticles have a D50 particle size in the range of 1 to 20, or 1 to 18, or 1 to 16, or 1 to 14, or 1 to 12, or 2 to 20, or 2 to 18, or 2 to 16, or 2 to 14, or 2 to 12, or 4 to 20, or 4 to 18, or 4 to 16, or 4 to 14, or 4 to 12, or 6 to 20, or 6 to 18, or 6 to 16, or 6 to 14, or 6 to 12, or 8 to 20, or 8 to 18, or 8 to 16, or 8 to 14, or 8 to 12 micrometers.

[0033] In one category of this implementation, the D10 particle size of the biodegradable microparticles is in the range of 1 to 6, or 1 to 5, or 1 to 4, or 2 to 6, or 2 to 5, or 2 to 4, or 2 to 3, or 3 to 6, or 3 to 5, or 3 to 4 micrometers.

[0034] In one category of this implementation, the D90 particle size of the biodegradable microparticles is 1 to 26, or 1 to 24, or 1 to 22, or 1 to 20, or 1 to 18, or 1 to 16, or 1 to 14, or 2 to 26, or 2 to 24, or 2 to 22, or 2 to 20, or 2 to 18, or 2 to 16, or 2 to 14, or 4 to 26, or 4 to 24, or 4 to 22, or 4 to 20, or 4 to 18, or 4 to 16, or 4 to 14, or 6 to 26, or 6 to 24, or 6 to 22, or 6 to 20, or 6 to 18, or 6 to 16, or 6 to 14, or 8 to 26, or 8 to 24, or 8 to 22, or 8 to 20, or 8 to 1 8, or 8 to 16, or 8 to 14, or 10 to 26, or 10 to 24, or 10 to 22, or 10 to 20, or 10 to 18, or 10 to 16, or 10 to 14, or 12 to 26, or 12 to 24, or 12 to 22, or 12 to 20, or 12 to 18, or 12 to 16, or 12 to 14, or 14 to 26, or 14 to 24, or 14 to 22, or 14 to 20, or 14 to 18, or 14 to 16, or 16 to 26, or 16 to 24, or 16 to 22, or 16 to 20, or 16 to 18, or 18 to 26, or 18 to 24, or 18 to 22, or 18 to 20 micrometers.

[0035] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles have a polydispersity index of less than 0.8, less than 0.7, less than 0.6, less than 0.5, less than 0.4, or less than 0.3.

[0036] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles have a sphericity of less than 80%, or less than 75%, or less than 70%, or less than 65%, or less than 60%, or less than 55%.

[0037] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles have an average smoothness of at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 95%, 97%, 98% or 99% and / or no greater than 99%, 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% or 10%.

[0038] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles exhibit an oil absorption of at least 30 mL / 100 g, at least 35 mL / 100 g, at least 40 mL / 100 g, at least 45 mL / 100 g, at least 50 mL / 100 g, at least 55 mL / 100 g, or at least 60 mL / 100 g, as measured using test method ASTM D281, in which mineral oil is used instead of castor oil.

[0039] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles have a range of 0.1 to 100 μm, as measured according to ISO 9277 using a Micromeritics ASAP 2020 instrument and krypton. 2 Average BET surface area within the range of / g.

[0040] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles have a butyric acid content of less than 100 ppmw, less than 50 ppmw, less than 20 ppmw, less than 10 ppmw, less than 7.5 ppmw, less than 5 ppmw, less than 2.5 ppmw, or less than 1 ppmw, wherein the biodegradable microparticles have an acetic acid content of less than 500 ppmw, less than 300 ppmw, less than 100 ppmw, less than 50 ppmw, less than 20 ppmw, less than 10 ppmw, less than 7.5 ppmw, less than 5 ppmw, less than 2.5 ppmw, or less than 1 ppmw.

[0041] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles exhibit at least 60% biodegradability at 60 days according to at least one of the OECD 301B, OECD 301C or OECD 301F test methods.

[0042] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles further comprise at least one organic acid salt.

[0043] In one category of this embodiment or in combination with any other category of this embodiment, the at least one organic acid salt contains an alkali metal cation or an alkaline earth metal cation.

[0044] In one subcategory of this category or in combination with any other implementation, category, or subcategory, the alkali metal cation is Li + Na + or K + Furthermore, the alkaline earth metal cation is Mg. 2+ or Ca 2+ .

[0045] In one category of this embodiment, or in combination with any other embodiment, category, or subcategory, the organic acid component of the at least one organic acid salt is derived from a compound of formula I: , where: G is (C 1-8 ) alkylene groups, wherein the alkylene groups are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 hydroxyl substituents, (C 1-8 Alkenyl or phenyl; and n is 0, 1 or 2.

[0046] In one subcategory of this class, or in combination with any other embodiment, class, or subcategory, the compound of Formula I is glutaric acid, pimelic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, octanoic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, or lactic acid. In one sub-subcategory of this class, the compound of Formula I is succinic acid. In one sub-subcategory of this class, the compound of Formula I is citric acid. In one sub-subcategory of this class, the compound of Formula I is lactic acid. In one sub-subcategory of this class, the compound of Formula I is acetic acid. In one sub-subcategory of this class, the compound of Formula I is propionic acid. In one sub-subcategory of this class, the compound of Formula I is tartaric acid. In one sub-subcategory of this class, the compound of Formula I is glutaric acid. In one sub-subcategory of this class, the compound of Formula I is adipic acid.

[0047] In one subcategory of this category or in combination with any other implementation, category or subcategory, the organic acid salt is sodium succinate, potassium succinate, magnesium succinate, calcium succinate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, magnesium citrate, calcium citrate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, magnesium acetate, calcium acetate, sodium lactate, potassium lactate, magnesium lactate or calcium lactate.

[0048] In one subcategory of this subcategory, or in combination with any other embodiment, category, or subcategory, the organic acid salt is sodium succinate, potassium succinate, magnesium succinate, or calcium succinate. In one subcategory of this subcategory, or in combination with any other embodiment, category, or subcategory, the organic acid salt is sodium succinate. In one subcategory of this subcategory, or in combination with any other embodiment, category, or subcategory, the organic acid salt is potassium succinate. In one subcategory of this subcategory, or in combination with any other embodiment, category, or subcategory, the organic acid salt is magnesium succinate. In one subcategory of this subcategory, or in combination with any other embodiment, category, or subcategory, the organic acid salt is calcium succinate.

[0049] Uses of biodegradable microparticles as SPF enhancers This application also discloses the use of biodegradable microparticles as sun protection factor (“SPF”) enhancers in cosmetic compositions, wherein: (a) the biodegradable particles comprise cellulose esters, (b) the biodegradable microparticles exhibit at least 30% biodegradability at 60 days according to at least one of the OECD 301B, OECD 301C or OECD 301F test methods, and (c) the biodegradable particles are formed by mechanical grinding.

[0050] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the cellulose ester comprises: (i) a plurality of acetyl substituents; and (ii) a plurality of hydroxyl substituents, wherein the cellulose ester exhibits: (1) an average degree of substitution (“DS”) for the acetyl substituents. Ac (2) The average degree of substitution (DS) for hydroxyl substituents is in the range of 0.1 to 2.5, and (3) the average degree of substitution for hydroxyl substituents is in the range of 0.1 to 2.5. OH The value is in the range of 0.5 to 2.8.

[0051] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the cellulose ester further comprises a plurality of (C 3-4 )alkyl-CO-substituents, and wherein the cellulose ester further exhibits: (3) for (C 3-4 Average degree of substitution of alkyl-CO- (“DS”) AkCO The value is in the range of 0.1 to 1.5.

[0052] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the cellulose ester is cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate acetate, or cellulose acetate butyrate.

[0053] In one implementation or in combination with any other implementation, DS OH In the range of 0.6 to 1.0.

[0054] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles exhibit a unimodal particle size distribution spanning at least 0.5, at least 0.55, at least 0.60, at least 0.65, at least 0.70, at least 0.75, at least 0.80, at least 0.85, at least 0.9, at least 0.95, at least 1.0, at least 1.05, at least 1.1, at least 1.15, at least 1.2, or at least 1.25 and / or less than 3.0, less than 2.9, Less than 2.8, less than 2.7, less than 2.6, less than 2.5, less than 2.4, less than 2.3, less than 2.2, less than 2.1, less than 2.0, less than 1.9, less than 1.8, less than 1.7, or less than 1.6, wherein the D100 particle size of biodegradable microparticles is 1 to 100, 1 to 80, 1 to 70, 1 to 60, 1 to 50, 1 to 40, 1 to 35, 1 to 30, 1 to 25, 1 to 20, 1 to 15, 1 to 10, 5 to 100, 5 to 80, 5 to 70, 5 to 60, 5 to 50, 5 to 40, 5 to 35, 5 to 30, 5 to 25, 5 to 20, 5 to 15, 5 to 10, 10 to 100, 10 to 80, 10 to 70, 10 to 60, 10 to 50, 10 to 40, 10 to 35, 10 to 30, 10 to 25, 10 to 20, 10 to 15, 15 to 100, 15 to 80, 15 to 70, 15 to 60, 15 to 50, 15 to 40, 15 to 35, 1 Within the range of 5 to 30, 15 to 25, 15 to 20, 20 to 100, 20 to 80, 20 to 70, 20 to 60, 20 to 50, 20 to 40, 20 to 35, 20 to 30, 25 to 100, 25 to 80, 25 to 70, 25 to 60, 25 to 50, 25 to 40, 25 to 35, 25 to 30, 30 to 100, 30 to 80, 30 to 70, 30 to 60, 30 to 50, 30 to 40, or 30 to 35 micrometers.

[0055] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles have a polydispersity index of less than 0.8, less than 0.7, less than 0.6, less than 0.5, less than 0.4, or less than 0.3.

[0056] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles have a sphericity of less than 80%, or less than 75%, or less than 70%, or less than 65%, or less than 60%, or less than 55%.

[0057] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles have an average smoothness of at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 95%, 97%, 98% or 99% and / or no greater than 99%, 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% or 10%.

[0058] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles exhibit an oil absorption of at least 30 mL / 100 g, at least 35 mL / 100 g, at least 40 mL / 100 g, at least 45 mL / 100 g, at least 50 mL / 100 g, at least 55 mL / 100 g, or at least 60 mL / 100 g, as measured using test method ASTM D281, in which mineral oil is used instead of castor oil.

[0059] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles have a range of 0.1 to 100 μm, as measured according to ISO 9277 using a Micromeritics ASAP 2020 instrument and krypton. 2 Average BET surface area within the range of / g.

[0060] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles have a butyric acid content of less than 100 ppmw, less than 50 ppmw, less than 20 ppmw, less than 10 ppmw, less than 7.5 ppmw, less than 5 ppmw, less than 2.5 ppmw, or less than 1 ppmw, wherein the biodegradable microparticles have an acetic acid content of less than 500 ppmw, less than 300 ppmw, less than 100 ppmw, less than 50 ppmw, less than 20 ppmw, less than 10 ppmw, less than 7.5 ppmw, less than 5 ppmw, less than 2.5 ppmw, or less than 1 ppmw.

[0061] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles exhibit at least 60% biodegradability at 60 days according to at least one of the OECD 301B, OECD 301C or OECD 301F test methods.

[0062] In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment, the biodegradable microparticles further comprise at least one organic acid salt.

[0063] In one category of this embodiment or in combination with any other category of this embodiment, the at least one organic acid salt contains an alkali metal cation or an alkaline earth metal cation.

[0064] In one subcategory of this category or in combination with any other implementation, category, or subcategory, the alkali metal cation is Li + Na + or K + Furthermore, the alkaline earth metal cation is Mg. 2+ or Ca 2+ .

[0065] In one category of this embodiment, or in combination with any other embodiment, category, or subcategory, the organic acid component of the at least one organic acid salt is derived from a compound of formula I: , where: G is (C 1-8 ) alkylene groups, wherein the alkylene groups are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 hydroxyl substituents, (C 1-8 Alkenyl or phenyl; and n is 0, 1 or 2.

[0066] In one subcategory of this class, or in combination with any other embodiment, class, or subcategory, the compound of Formula I is glutaric acid, pimelic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, octanoic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, or lactic acid. In one sub-subcategory of this class, the compound of Formula I is succinic acid. In one sub-subcategory of this class, the compound of Formula I is citric acid. In one sub-subcategory of this class, the compound of Formula I is lactic acid. In one sub-subcategory of this class, the compound of Formula I is acetic acid. In one sub-subcategory of this class, the compound of Formula I is propionic acid. In one sub-subcategory of this class, the compound of Formula I is tartaric acid. In one sub-subcategory of this class, the compound of Formula I is glutaric acid. In one sub-subcategory of this class, the compound of Formula I is adipic acid.

[0067] In one subcategory of this category or in combination with any other implementation, category or subcategory, the organic acid salt is sodium succinate, potassium succinate, magnesium succinate, calcium succinate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, magnesium citrate, calcium citrate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, magnesium acetate, calcium acetate, sodium lactate, potassium lactate, magnesium lactate or calcium lactate.

[0068] In one subcategory of this subcategory, or in combination with any other embodiment, category, or subcategory, the organic acid salt is sodium succinate, potassium succinate, magnesium succinate, or calcium succinate. In one subcategory of this subcategory, or in combination with any other embodiment, category, or subcategory, the organic acid salt is sodium succinate. In one subcategory of this subcategory, or in combination with any other embodiment, category, or subcategory, the organic acid salt is potassium succinate. In one subcategory of this subcategory, or in combination with any other embodiment, category, or subcategory, the organic acid salt is magnesium succinate. In one subcategory of this subcategory, or in combination with any other embodiment, category, or subcategory, the organic acid salt is calcium succinate.

[0069] Detailed Implementation Plan Implementation Scheme 1. A cosmetic composition comprising: (1) biodegradable microparticles, wherein the biodegradable microparticles comprise cellulose esters, wherein: (a) the biodegradable microparticles exhibit at least 30% biodegradability at 60 days according to at least one of the OECD 301B, OECD 301C or OECD 301F test methods, and (b) the biodegradable microparticles are formed by mechanical milling; and (2) at least one UV filter other than the biodegradable microparticles, wherein the cosmetic composition exhibits a sun protection factor (“SPF”) value, and wherein the SPF value is at least 10% higher than that of a cosmetic composition containing a UV filter but not the biodegradable microparticles.

[0070] Implementation Scheme 2. The cosmetic composition according to Implementation Scheme 1, wherein the at least one UV filter is an organic UV filter, an inorganic UV filter, or a combination thereof.

[0071] Implementation Scheme 3. A cosmetic composition according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-2, wherein the organic UV filter is benzophenone, dihydroxyacetone, methyl anthranilate, benzophenone-4, benzophenone-4, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, triethanolamine salicylate, sinoxalate, oxybenzone, octocrylene, gallyl gallate trioleate, p-dimethylacetate, octyl methoxycinnamate, p-methoxycinnamate diethanolamine, p-methoxycinnamate diethanolamine, ethyl methoxycinnamate, p-aminobenzoic acid (“PABA”), glyceryl PABA, ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA, methoxy Octyl cinnamate, p-aminobenzoic acid, glycerol PABA, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, octyl dimethyl PABA, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, humosasulfate, cresoltrazol, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, octyl triazine, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-camphor, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, octyl triazine, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-camphor, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, 3-benzylidene camphor, camphor benzalkonium, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, triethoxyoctylsilane, sulfonylbenzylidene camphor, sulfonylmethylbenzylidene camphor, or combinations thereof.

[0072] Implementation Scheme 4. The cosmetic composition according to any one of Implementation Scheme 2 or 3, wherein the inorganic UV filter is titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon dioxide, manganese oxide, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, mica, silicon dioxide, talc, kaolin, or a combination thereof.

[0073] Implementation Scheme 5. A cosmetic composition according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-4, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises at least 0.1 wt%, at least 0.5 wt%, at least 1 wt%, at least 2 wt%, at least 3 wt%, at least 4 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 6 wt%, at least 7 wt%, at least 8 wt%, at least 9 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 11 wt%, at least 12 wt%, at least 13 wt%, at least 14 wt%, or at least 15 wt% of the biodegradable microparticles.

[0074] Implementation Scheme 6. A cosmetic composition according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-5, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises less than 99% by weight, or less than 90% by weight, or less than 80% by weight, or less than 70% by weight, or less than 60% by weight, or less than 50% by weight, or less than 40% by weight, or less than 30% by weight, or less than 25% by weight, or less than 20% by weight, or less than 15% by weight, or less than 10% by weight, or less than 5% by weight of the biodegradable microparticles.

[0075] Implementation Scheme 7. A cosmetic composition according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-6, wherein the cosmetic composition is a foundation, sunscreen, lipstick, lip balm, anti-chapped lip balm, mascara, eyeshadow, lotion, dry shampoo, conditioner, or moisturizer.

[0076] Implementation Scheme 8. A cosmetic composition according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-7, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises at least 1% by weight, at least 5% by weight, at least 10% by weight, at least 15% by weight, at least 20% by weight, at least 25% by weight, at least 30% by weight, at least 35% by weight, at least 40% by weight, at least 45% by weight, at least 50% by weight, at least 55% by weight, at least 60% by weight, at least 65% by weight, at least 70% by weight, at least 75% by weight, at least 80% by weight, at least 85% by weight, at least 90% by weight or at least 95% by weight and / or less than 99% by weight, less than 95% by weight, less than 90% by weight, less than 85% by weight, less than 80% by weight, less than 75% by weight, less than 70% by weight, less than 65% by weight or less than 60% by weight. The cosmetic additives mentioned therein include colorants, oils, waxes, fatty acids, alcohols, esters, hydrocarbons, silicone oils, surfactants, metallic soaps, emollients, thickeners, UV absorbers, antioxidants, oil absorbers, exfoliants, water, or combinations thereof.

[0077] Implementation Scheme 9. Use of biodegradable microparticles in cosmetic compositions as sun protection factor (“SPF”) enhancers, wherein: (a) The biodegradable particles contain cellulose esters. (b) The biodegradable microparticles exhibit at least 30% biodegradability at 60 days according to at least one of the OECD 301B, OECD 301C, or OECD 301F test methods, and (c) The biodegradable particles are formed by mechanical grinding.

[0078] Implementation Scheme 10. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-9, wherein the mechanical grinding is performed by a jet mill.

[0079] Implementation Scheme 11. A cosmetic composition or use according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-10, wherein the cellulose ester comprises: (i) a plurality of acetyl substituents; and (ii) a plurality of hydroxyl substituents, wherein the cellulose ester exhibits: (1) an average degree of substitution (“DS”) for the acetyl substituents. Ac (2) The average degree of substitution (DS) for hydroxyl substituents is in the range of 0.1 to 2.5, and (3) the average degree of substitution for hydroxyl substituents is in the range of 0.1 to 2.5. OHThe value is in the range of 0.5 to 2.8.

[0080] Implementation Scheme 12. The cosmetic composition or use according to Implementation Scheme 11, wherein the cellulose ester further comprises a plurality of (C 3-4 )alkyl-CO-substituents, and wherein the cellulose ester further exhibits: (3) for (C 3-4 Average degree of substitution of alkyl-CO- (“DS”) AkCO The value is in the range of 0.1 to 1.5.

[0081] Implementation Scheme 13. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-12, wherein the cellulose ester is cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate acetate or cellulose acetate butyrate.

[0082] Implementation Scheme 14. A cosmetic composition or use according to any one of Implementation Schemes 11-13, wherein the DS OH In the range of 0.6 to 1.0.

[0083] Implementation Scheme 15. A cosmetic composition or use according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-14, wherein the biodegradable microparticles exhibit a unimodal particle size distribution spanning at least 0.5, at least 0.55, at least 0.60, at least 0.65, at least 0.70, at least 0.75, at least 0.80, at least 0.85, at least 0.9, at least 0.95, at least 1.0, at least 1.05, at least 1.1, at least 1.15, at least 1.2, or at least 1.25 and / or less than 3.0, less than 2.9, less than 2.8, less than 2.7, less than 2.6, less than 2.5, less than 2.4, less than 2.3, or less than 2.2. The biodegradable microparticles have a D50 particle size in the range of 1 to 20, or 1 to 18, or 1 to 16, or 1 to 14, or 1 to 12, or 2 to 20, or 2 to 18, or 2 to 16, or 2 to 14, or 2 to 12, or 4 to 20, or 4 to 18, or 4 to 16, or 4 to 14, or 4 to 12, or 6 to 20, or 6 to 18, or 6 to 16, or 6 to 14, or 6 to 12, or 8 to 20, or 8 to 18, or 8 to 16, or 8 to 14, or 8 to 12 micrometers.

[0084] Implementation Scheme 16. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-15, wherein the biodegradable microparticles have a polydispersity index of less than 0.8, less than 0.7, less than 0.6, less than 0.5, less than 0.4 or less than 0.3.

[0085] Implementation Scheme 17. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-16, wherein the biodegradable microparticles have a sphericity of less than 80%, or less than 75%, or less than 70%, or less than 65%, or less than 60%, or less than 55%.

[0086] Implementation Scheme 18. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-17, wherein the biodegradable microparticles have an average smoothness of at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 95%, 97%, 98% or 99% and / or not greater than 99%, 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% or 10%.

[0087] Implementation Scheme 19. A cosmetic composition or use according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-18, wherein the biodegradable microparticles exhibit an oil absorption of at least 30 mL / 100 g, at least 35 mL / 100 g, at least 40 mL / 100 g, at least 45 mL / 100 g, at least 50 mL / 100 g, at least 55 mL / 100 g, or at least 60 mL / 100 g, as measured using test method ASTM D281, wherein mineral oil is used instead of castor oil.

[0088] Implementation Scheme 20. A cosmetic composition or use according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-19, wherein the biodegradable microparticles have a particle size of 0.1 to 100 μm as measured according to ISO 9277 using a Micromeritics ASAP 2020 instrument and krypton. 2 Average BET surface area within the range of / g.

[0089] Implementation Scheme 21. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-20, wherein the biodegradable microparticles have a butyric acid content of less than 100 ppmw, less than 50 ppmw, less than 20 ppmw, less than 10 ppmw, less than 7.5 ppmw, less than 5 ppmw, less than 2.5 ppmw, or less than 1 ppmw. The biodegradable microparticles have an acetic acid content of less than 500 ppmw, less than 300 ppmw, less than 100 ppmw, less than 50 ppmw, less than 20 ppmw, less than 10 ppmw, less than 7.5 ppmw, less than 5 ppmw, less than 2.5 ppmw, or less than 1 ppmw.

[0090] Implementation Scheme 22. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-21, wherein the biodegradable microparticles exhibit at least 60% biodegradability at 60 days according to at least one of the OECD 301B, OECD 301C or OECD 301F test methods.

[0091] Implementation Scheme 23. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of Implementation Schemes 1-22, wherein the biodegradable microparticles further comprise at least one organic acid salt.

[0092] Implementation Scheme 24. The cosmetic composition according to Implementation Scheme 23, wherein the at least one organic acid salt comprises an alkali metal cation or an alkaline earth metal cation.

[0093] Implementation Scheme 25. The cosmetic composition according to Implementation Scheme 24, wherein the alkali metal cation is Li + Na + or K + And the alkaline earth metal cation is Mg 2+ or Ca 2+ .

[0094] Implementation Scheme 26. The composition according to any one of Implementation Schemes 23-25, wherein the organic acid component of said at least one organic acid salt is derived from a compound of Formula I: , where: G is (C 1-8) Alkylene, wherein the alkylene is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 hydroxyl substituents, (C 1-8 Alkenyl or phenyl; and n is 0, 1 or 2.

[0095] Implementation Scheme 27. A cosmetic composition according to any one of Implementation Schemes 23-26, wherein the compound of Formula I is glutaric acid, pimelic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, octanoic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, or lactic acid.

[0096] Implementation Scheme 28. A cosmetic composition or use according to any one of Implementation Schemes 23-27, wherein the organic acid salt is sodium succinate, potassium succinate, magnesium succinate, calcium succinate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, magnesium citrate, calcium citrate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, magnesium acetate, calcium acetate, sodium lactate, potassium lactate, magnesium lactate, or calcium lactate.

[0097] Implementation Scheme 29. A cosmetic composition or use according to any one of Implementation Schemes 23-28, wherein the organic acid salt is sodium succinate, potassium succinate, magnesium succinate, or calcium succinate. experiment abbreviation Ex is an example, F is the formulation, BuOH is butyric acid, Mg(OAc)2 is magnesium acetate, BuO2 is butyric anhydride, Ac2O is acetic anhydride, AcOH is acetic acid, RPM is revolutions per minute; min is minutes. General procedure for preparing cellulose esters A cellulose mixture [cellulose and AcOH] (“cellulose mixture”) and sulfuric acid, Ac₂O, and Bu₂O (“acylation solution”) were cooled to 30°C in a stirred reactor, and the reaction mixture was cooled to approximately 7°C with stirring. Additional sulfuric acid was added to the target amount, and the resulting reaction mixture was heated to 45°C–65°C with stirring until acylation was complete and the desired molecular weight was obtained. The reaction mixture was treated with an aqueous solution of AcOH and BuOH (“hydrolysis solution”) and stirred at 68°C under hydrolysis conditions. The reaction mixture was then quenched, neutralized, precipitated, washed, and dried using conventional methods.

[0098] Ex A and Ex B were synthesized using the conditions and reagents shown in Table 1.

[0099] Table 1. Table 2 provides several cellulose blends used for the preparation of microbeads. Ex 1 was obtained by blending Ex A and Ex B to achieve a MW of 81,000.

[0100] Table 2. Substitutability The degree of substitution of substituents on the backbone of cellulose esters was calculated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cellulose esters were subjected to gel permeation chromatography in stabilized tetrahydrofuran. An Agilent 1260 instrument was used, consisting of a degasser, an isocratic pump with a flow rate of 1.0 mL / min, an autosampler with an injection volume of 25 μL, a column oven set to 28 °C, and a refractive index detector at 28 °C. The column assembly consisted of an Agilent PLgel 5 μm guard column, a Mixed-C column, and an Oligopore column in series. The system was calibrated using monodisperse polystyrene standards with a molecular weight range of approximately 4 million to 162. Sample preparation was as follows: approximately 25 mg of sample was weighed into 10 mL of solvent with 10 μL of toluene added as a flow rate indicator. The sample was then added to an 8-inch screw-cap vial with a stir bar and stirred until dissolved.

[0101] molecular weight Molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography. Cellulose esters were subjected to gel permeation chromatography in stabilized tetrahydrofuran. An Agilent 1260 instrument was used, consisting of a degasser, an isocratic pump with a flow rate of 1.0 mL / min, an autosampler with an injection volume of 25 μL, a column oven set to 28 °C, and a refractive index detector at 28 °C. The column assembly consisted of an Agilent PLgel 5 μm guard column, a Mixed-C column, and an Oligopore column in series. The system was calibrated using monodisperse polystyrene standards with molecular weights ranging from approximately 4 million to 162. Sample preparation was as follows: approximately 25 mg of sample was weighed into 10 mL of solvent with 10 μL of toluene added as a flow rate indicator. The sample was then added to an 8-inch screw-cap vial with a stir bar and stirred until dissolved.

[0102] Jet-milled CE particles The CE particles of this application can also be prepared by jet milling. Various jet milling configurations are available for reducing particle size. Such configurations are described in A. Chamayou and JA Dodds, Air Jet Milling, Handbook of Powder Technology, Volume 12, Chapter 8, 2007 (“Chamayou”). Figure 7 of Chamayou’s work provides an example of a fluidized bed opposed jet mill, which can be used to reduce the size of cellulose ester particles described in Table 3 below. The average particle size of cellulose esters is reduced from 300–900 µm to approximately 10 µm using the jet milling process. The operation of the fluidized bed opposed jet mill is as follows: Cellulose ester is placed in a hopper and typically introduced into the top of the mill via a dual-valve arrangement (or via a syringe) (“FEED IN”). The cellulose ester particles fall to the bottom of the mill under gravity, where they are drawn into one of three high-pressure airflows geometrically oriented toward each other, thus forming a so-called “grinding zone”. Within the grinding zone, the size of cellulose ester particles is reduced through inter-particle collisions. The reduced-size particles are then conveyed upwards by mass transport in a vertical airflow (fluidized bed), ultimately being carried into a classifier. The classifier allows particles smaller than the desired minimum size to be removed from the mill (“FINE OUT”). Particles exceeding the maximum size are excluded from the classifier and returned to the fluidized bed, ultimately falling back into the grinding zone for further size reduction. Particles falling within the desired size range are ejected from the classifier into appropriate product containers. Numerous control parameters exist for optimizing productivity, particle size, and particle size distribution shape, including, but not limited to, classifier rotor speed, air nozzle pressure, and bed level. Further details regarding the preparation of jet-milled microparticles are provided herein by reference in U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 491626, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0103] Example 1-1 Using a jet mill, Ex 1-1 was produced starting from Ex 1. The particle size distribution of Ex 1-1 is as follows: D(10) is 3.0 μm, D(50) is 9.5 μm, D(90) is 17.7 μm, the average particle size is 11.2 μm, and the BET surface area is 3.18 m². 2 / g, oil absorption (olive oil) is 108 g / 100 g.

[0104] Examples 1-2 A 1.4 wt% magnesium succinate aqueous solution (35.7 g) was added to Ex 1-1 (14.3 g) to obtain a slurry (50 g). The slurry was then dried for 16 h in an oil-jacketed Sigma-blade mixer with agitation (50 rpm, 75 °C, 400 mmHg) to obtain Ex 1-2, in which the magnesium succinate content was calculated to be 10,000 ppm.

[0105] Oil absorption method Oil absorption was measured using the ASTM D281 standard test method to determine the oil absorption capacity of the microbeads. In this method, a known amount of microbeads was weighed into a glass vial, and olive oil was carefully added drop by drop to the absorbent microbeads using a plastic pipette. After each drop was added, the mixture was scraped with a sharp steel scraper to thoroughly mix the powder with the oil. The test was complete when just enough oil was mixed with the particles to produce a very hard, putty-like paste that would not break or separate. The dropper containing the oil was accurately weighed. The oil absorption capacity or uptake of the microbeads was calculated using the following equation: where A = initial weight of the dropper containing oil, B = final weight of the dropper containing oil, and W = weight of the microbead sample (in grams). Oil absorption (g / g) = (A – B) / W.

[0106] BET surface area BET surface area was determined using the gas adsorption BET method – ISO 9277. The instrument used was a Micromeritics ASAP 2020. The procedure is summarized as follows: 1. Degas 0.5–1 g of sample overnight at 60 °C. If degassing is insufficient, the temperature will be increased by more than 10 °C, but kept below 100 °C to avoid irreversible surface changes. 2. The sample mass is collected by the weight difference between an empty sample tube and a degassed sample tube filled with the sample. 3. Specific surface area analysis is performed using krypton adsorption at 77 K. 4. Seven relative pressures from 0.06 to 0.20 are collected and fitted for BET specific surface area analysis. Note: The amount of sample depends on specific requirements and its moisture content.

[0107] In vitro SPF test: In vitro SPF testing of sunscreen formulations was conducted at an external laboratory, IMS, FL. The in vitro testing protocol typically involves applying a layer of sunscreen onto a VITRO-SKIN artificial matrix, exposing it to UVR from a solar simulator, and measuring the UVR transmittance through the product and membrane using spectrophotometry (Labsphere In Vitro Sunscreen Analyzer).

[0108] Test formulation The control and test formulations used for SPF testing are shown in Table 3. The control formulation contains zinc oxide as an inorganic UV filter. SPF enhancement efficacy was tested for Ex 1-1, Nylon-12 (Kobo SP-10), PMMA (Kobo MSP-822), and silica (AGC Solesphere H-53 or Sunsphere H-53), each added to the control formulation at a level of 3 wt%.

[0109] Table 3. Formula Details Preparation of formulations Combine phase B (oil phase) and mix using a large dissolver with a top-mounted stirrer at 400 RPM. Heat the oil phase to 50°C. Combine phase C (aqueous phase) and stir with a magnetic stir bar until fully mixed. Add the zinc oxide dispersion (phase A) to the oil phase. Once phase A is fully incorporated into phase B, transfer to a Silverson mixer and mix at 5 K RPM for 5 minutes. Slowly add phases CD to phases AB while mixing with Silverson (10 K RPM). Homogenize at 10 K RPM for 10 minutes. Then add phase E (particulates) while mixing with Silverson at 10 K RPM.

[0110] SPF Measurement Procedure SPF measurement involves testing sunscreen products (2 mg / cm³). 2 The product was applied to a VitroSkin artificial matrix that mimics the surface properties of human skin. The product was evenly applied to VitroSkin and allowed to dry for 15 minutes. The UVR transmittance through the product and the membrane was then measured using a Labsphere UV-1000 (ultraviolet transmittance analyzer), and the sun protection factor (SPF) value was recorded. Two VitroSkin patches were fabricated, and each patch was scanned five times, for a total of ten measurements.

[0111] result Ex 1-1 was tested in sunscreen formulations containing the inorganic UV filter ZnO, and compared with those without Ex 1-1, as shown in Table 4, Ex 1-1 provided a significantly higher SPF enhancement compared with Nylon-12, PMMA and silica microparticles.

[0112] Table 4. Microparticles were added to two commercial sunscreens to determine whether they would exhibit an SPF enhancement. Blue Lizard Mineral Sunscreen (“CS1”) was formulated with titanium dioxide (8 wt%) and zinc oxide (10 wt%). Jack Black Dual Action Facial Moisturizer (“CS2”) was formulated with avobenzone (2.2 wt%) and orsinolate (7.5 wt%). Microparticles were also formulated into commercial sunscreens at 3 wt% to evaluate their SPF-enhancing efficacy. Table 5 shows that samples including Ex 1-1 or Ex 1-2 exhibited at least a 25% increase in SPF compared to those without microparticles.

[0113] Table 5.

Claims

1. A cosmetic composition comprising: (1) Biodegradable microparticles, wherein the biodegradable microparticles comprise cellulose esters, in: (a) The biodegradable microparticles exhibit at least 30% biodegradability at 60 days according to at least one of the OECD 301B, OECD 301C, or OECD 301F test methods, and (b) The biodegradable particles are formed by mechanical grinding; and (2) At least one UV filter other than the biodegradable particles, The cosmetic composition described therein exhibits a sun protection factor ("SPF") value, and the SPF value described therein is at least 10% higher than that of a cosmetic composition containing a UV filter but not the biodegradable microparticles.

2. The cosmetic composition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one UV filter is an organic UV filter, an inorganic UV filter, or a combination thereof.

3. The cosmetic composition according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the organic UV filter is benzophenone, dihydroxyacetone, methyl anthranilate, benzophenone-4, benzophenone-4, octocrylene, octyl salicylate, triethanolamine salicylate, sinoxalate, oxybenzone, octocrylene, gallyl gallate trioleate, p-dimethylacetate, octyl methoxycinnamate, p-methoxycinnamate diethanolamine, p-methoxycinnamate diethanolamine, ethyl methoxycinnamate, p-aminobenzoic acid ("PABA"), glyceryl PABA, ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA, methoxy Octyl cinnamate, p-aminobenzoic acid, glycerol PABA, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, octyl dimethyl PABA, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, humosasulfate, cresoltrazol, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, octyl triazine, 3-(4-methylbenzylene)-camphor, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, octyl triazine, 3-(4-methylbenzylene)-camphor, 4-methylbenzylene camphor, 3-benzylene camphor, camphor benzalkonium, 4-methylbenzylene camphor, triethoxyoctylsilane, sulfonylbenzyl camphor, sulfonylmethylbenzyl camphor, or combinations thereof.

4. The cosmetic composition according to any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the inorganic UV filter is titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon dioxide, manganese oxide, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, mica, silicon dioxide, talc, kaolin, or a combination thereof.

5. The cosmetic composition according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises at least 0.1% by weight, at least 0.5% by weight, at least 1% by weight, at least 2% by weight, at least 3% by weight, at least 4% by weight, at least 5% by weight, at least 6% by weight, at least 7% by weight, at least 8% by weight, at least 9% by weight, at least 10% by weight, at least 11% by weight, at least 12% by weight, at least 13% by weight, at least 14% by weight, or at least 15% by weight of the biodegradable microparticles.

6. The cosmetic composition according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises less than 99% by weight, or less than 90% by weight, or less than 80% by weight, or less than 70% by weight, or less than 60% by weight, or less than 50% by weight, or less than 40% by weight, or less than 30% by weight, or less than 25% by weight, or less than 20% by weight, or less than 15% by weight, or less than 10% by weight, or less than 5% by weight of the biodegradable microparticles.

7. The cosmetic composition according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the cosmetic composition is a foundation, sunscreen, lipstick, lip balm, anti-chapped lip balm, mascara, eyeshadow, lotion, dry shampoo, conditioner, or moisturizer.

8. The cosmetic composition according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the cosmetic composition comprises at least 1% by weight, at least 5% by weight, at least 10% by weight, at least 15% by weight, at least 20% by weight, at least 25% by weight, at least 30% by weight, at least 35% by weight, at least 40% by weight, at least 45% by weight, at least 50% by weight, at least 55% by weight, at least 60% by weight, at least 65% by weight, at least 70% by weight, at least 75% by weight, at least 80% by weight, at least 85% by weight, at least 90% by weight or at least 95% by weight and / or less than 99% by weight, less than 95% by weight, less than 90% by weight, less than 85% by weight, less than 75% by weight, less than 70% by weight, less than 65% by weight or less than 60% by weight. The cosmetic additives mentioned therein include colorants, oils, waxes, fatty acids, alcohols, esters, hydrocarbons, silicone oils, surfactants, metallic soaps, emollients, thickeners, UV absorbers, antioxidants, oil absorbers, exfoliants, water, or combinations thereof.

9. Use of biodegradable microparticles in cosmetic compositions as sun protection factor ("SPF") enhancers, wherein: (a) The biodegradable microparticles comprise cellulose esters. (b) The biodegradable microparticles exhibit at least 30% biodegradability at 60 days according to at least one of the OECD 301B, OECD 301C, or OECD 301F test methods, and (c) The biodegradable particles are formed by mechanical grinding.

10. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the mechanical grinding is performed by a jet mill.

11. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein the cellulose ester comprises: (i) multiple acetyl substituents; and (ii) Multiple hydroxyl substituents, The cellulose esters described therein exhibit the following characteristics: (1) The average degree of substitution of acetyl substituents ("DS") Ac ") in the range of 0.1 to 2.5, and (2) The average degree of substitution (DS) for hydroxyl substituents OH The value is in the range of 0.5 to 2.

8.

12. The cosmetic composition or use according to claim 11, wherein the cellulose ester further comprises a plurality of (C 3-4 )alkyl-CO-substituents, and wherein the cellulose ester further exhibits: (3) for (C 3-4 Average degree of substitution of alkyl-CO- ("DS") AkCO The value is in the range of 0.1 to 1.

5.

13. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein the cellulose ester is cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate acetate, or cellulose acetate butyrate.

14. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of claims 10-13, wherein the DS OH In the range of 0.6 to 1.

0.

15. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of claims 1-14, wherein the biodegradable microparticles exhibit a unimodal particle size distribution spanning at least 0.5, at least 0.55, at least 0.60, at least 0.65, at least 0.70, at least 0.75, at least 0.80, at least 0.85, at least 0.9, at least 0.95, at least 1.0, at least 1.05, at least 1.1, at least 1.15, at least 1.2, or at least 1.25 and / or less than 3.0, less than 2.9, less than 2.8, less than 2.7, less than 2.6, less than 2.5, less than 2.4, less than 2.3, less than 2...

2. Less than 2.1, less than 2.0, less than 1.9, less than 1.8, less than 1.7 or less than 1.6, and wherein the biodegradable microparticles have a D50 particle size in the range of 1 to 20, or 1 to 18, or 1 to 16, or 1 to 14, or 1 to 12, or 2 to 20, or 2 to 18, or 2 to 16, or 2 to 14, or 2 to 12, or 4 to 20, or 4 to 18, or 4 to 16, or 4 to 14, or 4 to 12, or 6 to 20, or 6 to 18, or 6 to 16, or 6 to 14, or 6 to 12, or 8 to 20, or 8 to 18, or 8 to 16, or 8 to 14, or 8 to 12 micrometers.

16. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of claims 1-15, wherein the biodegradable microparticles have a polydispersity index of less than 0.8, less than 0.7, less than 0.6, less than 0.5, less than 0.4 or less than 0.

3.

17. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of claims 1-16, wherein the biodegradable microparticles have a sphericity of less than 80%, or less than 75%, or less than 70%, or less than 65%, or less than 60%, or less than 55%.

18. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of claims 1-17, wherein the biodegradable microparticles have an average smoothness of at least 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 95%, 97%, 98% or 99% and / or not greater than 99%, 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% or 10%.

19. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of claims 1-18, wherein the biodegradable microparticles exhibit an oil absorption capacity of at least 30 mL / 100 g, at least 35 mL / 100 g, at least 40 mL / 100 g, at least 45 mL / 100 g, at least 50 mL / 100 g, at least 55 mL / 100 g, or at least 60 mL / 100 g, as measured using test method ASTM D281, wherein mineral oil is used instead of castor oil.

20. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of claims 1-19, wherein the biodegradable microparticles have a particle size of 0.1 to 100 μm as measured according to ISO 9277 using a Micromeritics ASAP 2020 instrument and krypton. 2 Average BET surface area within the range of / g.

21. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of claims 1-20, wherein the biodegradable microparticles have a butyric acid content of less than 100 ppmw, less than 50 ppmw, less than 20 ppmw, less than 10 ppmw, less than 7.5 ppmw, less than 5 ppmw, less than 2.5 ppmw, or less than 1 ppmw. The biodegradable microparticles have an acetic acid content of less than 500 ppmw, less than 300 ppmw, less than 100 ppmw, less than 50 ppmw, less than 20 ppmw, less than 10 ppmw, less than 7.5 ppmw, less than 5 ppmw, less than 2.5 ppmw, or less than 1 ppmw.

22. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of claims 1-21, wherein the biodegradable microparticles exhibit at least 60% biodegradability at 60 days according to at least one of the OECD 301B, OECD 301C or OECD 301F test methods.

23. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of claims 1-22, wherein the biodegradable microparticles further comprise at least one organic acid salt.

24. The cosmetic composition according to claim 23, wherein the at least one organic acid salt comprises an alkali metal cation or an alkaline earth metal cation.

25. The cosmetic composition according to claim 24, wherein the alkali metal cation is Li + Na + or K + And the alkaline earth metal cation is Mg 2+ or Ca 2+ .

26. The composition according to any one of claims 23-25, wherein the organic acid component of said at least one organic acid salt is derived from a compound of formula I: ， in: G is (C 1-8) Alkylene, wherein the alkylene is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 2 hydroxyl substituents, (C 1-8 Alkenyl or phenyl; and n is 0, 1, or 2.

27. The cosmetic composition according to any one of claims 23-26, wherein the compound of formula I is glutaric acid, pimelic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, octanoic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, or lactic acid.

28. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of claims 23-27, wherein the organic acid salt is sodium succinate, potassium succinate, magnesium succinate, calcium succinate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, magnesium citrate, calcium citrate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, magnesium acetate, calcium acetate, sodium lactate, potassium lactate, magnesium lactate, or calcium lactate.

29. The cosmetic composition or use according to any one of claims 23-28, wherein the organic acid salt is sodium succinate, potassium succinate, magnesium succinate, or calcium succinate.

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