Phosphate glasses having high refractive index, low density and low dispersion

Abstract

The glass composition includes as essential components one or more of phosphorous oxide (P2O5), niobium oxide (Nb2O5), titanium dioxide (TiO2), potassium oxide (K2O), and lithium oxide (Li2O), and can optionally include barium oxide (BaO), zinc oxide (ZnO), V2O5(vanadium oxide), FeO(iron oxide), and other components.

Description

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 558240, filed February 27, 2024, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 562902, filed March 8, 2024, the contents of which are based and are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure generally relates to phosphate glasses with high refractive index and low density. Background Technology

[0003] Glass is used in a variety of optical devices, examples of which include augmented reality devices, virtual reality devices, mixed reality devices, eyeglasses, and more. Ideal properties for this type of glass typically include a high refractive index and low density. Additional ideal properties may include high transmittance and / or low optical dispersion in the visible and near-ultraviolet (near-UV) ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. Finding a glass with the ideal combination of these properties, formed from a composition with good glass-forming ability, can be challenging. For example, generally, as the refractive index of glass increases, its density also tends to increase. Substances such as TiO2 and Nb2O5 are often added to increase the refractive index of the glass without increasing its density. However, these materials typically absorb blue and UV light, which can unduly reduce the glass's transmittance in this spectral region. Often, attempting to increase the refractive index of the glass while maintaining low density without reducing transmittance in the blue and UV regions of the spectrum can lead to a decrease in the material's glass-forming ability. For example, at industry-accepted cooling rates, crystallization and / or liquid-liquid phase separation may occur in the glass melt during cooling. Typically, a decrease in glass-forming ability is manifested by an increase in the amount of certain substances such as ZrO2, Y2O3, Sc2O3, and BaO.

[0004] Depending on the glass forming agent used, low-density, high-refractive-index glasses typically fall into one of two chemical systems: (a) borosilicate or borosilicate glasses, where SiO2 and / or B2O3 are used as the primary glass forming agent; and (b) phosphate glasses, where P2O5 is used as the primary glass forming agent. Glasses that rely on other oxides as primary glass forming agents (such as GeO2, TeO2, Bi2O3, and V2O5) can be challenging to use due to cost, glass-forming ability, optical properties, and / or production requirements.

[0005] Phosphate glasses are characterized by high refractive index and low density; however, they can be difficult to produce due to the volatilization of P2O5 in the melt and / or the risk of platinum incompatibility. Additionally, phosphate glasses are typically highly colored and may require additional bleaching steps to provide glass with the desired transmittance characteristics. Furthermore, phosphate glasses exhibiting high refractive indices tend to have increased optical dispersion, which can be useful in some applications.

[0006] In view of these considerations, there is a need for phosphate glass with high refractive index and low density, optionally with high transmittance in the visible and near-UV ranges, and / or made of compositions that provide good glass-forming ability. Summary of the Invention

[0007] According to one embodiment of this disclosure, a glass comprises multiple components, the composition of which includes: greater than or equal to 25.5 mol.% P₂O₅, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% Nb₂O₅, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol.% TiO₂, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol.% and less than or equal to 8.0 mol.% Li₂O, a total of greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% Na₂O + K₂O, and a total of greater than or equal to 0.000 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.020 mol.% FeO + Fe2O3, and may optionally contain one or more components selected from the following: Al2O3, B2O3, BaO, Bi2O3, CaO, CdO, Cs2O, GeO2, La2O3, MgO, MoO3, PbO, SiO2, SrO, Ta2O5, TeO2, WO3, ZrO2, Ga2O3, and ZnO, wherein the composition of said components is substantially free of V2O5, and wherein the composition of said components satisfies the following conditions: P2O5 / (TiO2 + Nb2O5) [mol.%] ≥ 0.30 and K2O - Na2O [mol.%] ≥ 0.000, and the glass satisfies the following condition: P n > 1.9000 and P d < 3.80, where P n It is the refractive index parameter, which is calculated according to formula (I) from the glass composition in mol.% of the stated components:

[0008]

[0009] P d It is the density parameter, which is calculated according to formula (II) from the glass composition in mol.% of the components:

[0010]

[0011] The chemical formulas represent the content of the corresponding components in the glass, and the asterisk (*) indicates multiplication.

[0012] By studying the following description, claims and drawings, those skilled in the art will further understand and appreciate these and other aspects, objects and features of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This demonstrates the refractive index n of some comparative and exemplary glasses according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. d The refractive index parameter P calculated by formula (I) n A diagram showing the relationships between them.

[0014] Figure 2 This demonstrates the density d of some comparative and exemplary glasses according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. RT The density parameter P calculated by formula (II) d A diagram showing the relationships between them.

[0015] Figure 3 This demonstrates the Abbe number (ν) of some comparative and exemplary glasses according to an embodiment of this disclosure. d The dispersion parameter P calculated by formula (III) ν A diagram showing the relationships between them.

[0016] Figure 4 This demonstrates the refractive (n) properties of some comparative and exemplary glasses according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. d -1) / d RT The refractive parameter P calculated by formula (IV) ref A diagram showing the relationships between them. Detailed Implementation

[0017] In the following detailed description, exemplary embodiments with specific details disclosed are set forth for purposes of explanation and not limitation to provide a thorough understanding of the various principles of this disclosure. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art who will benefit from this disclosure that this disclosure may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from the specific details disclosed herein. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known apparatuses, methods, and materials may be omitted to avoid obscuring the description of the various principles of this disclosure. Finally, wherever applicable, the same reference numerals refer to the same elements.

[0018] Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is not intended to interpret any method described herein as requiring its steps to be performed in a particular order. Therefore, if a method claim does not actually describe the order in which its steps should be followed, or if the claims or description do not otherwise specifically state that the steps should be limited to a particular order, then in no way is it implied that the order should be inferred. This applies to any possible non-expressive basis of interpretation, including (but not limited to) logical questions concerning the arrangement of steps or the flow of operations; simple meanings derived from grammatical organization or punctuation; and the number or type of embodiments described in the specification.

[0019] As used herein, when used for a list of two or more items, the term "and / or" means that any one of the listed items may be used alone, or any combination of two or more of the listed items may be used. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and / or C, the composition may contain only A; only B; only C; a combination of A and B; a combination of A and C; a combination of B and C; or a combination of A, B, and C.

[0020] Modifications to this disclosure can be made by those skilled in the art, as well as those who have made or used this disclosure. Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings and described above are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure, which is defined by the appended claims and interpreted in accordance with the principles of patent law, including the doctrine of equivalents.

[0021] As used herein, the term "about" means that a quantity, size, formulation, parameter, and other quantity and characteristic is not and does not need to be precise, but may be approximate and / or larger or smaller as required, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding, measurement errors, and other factors known to those skilled in the art. When the term "about" is used to describe a value or range endpoint, this disclosure should be understood to include the specific value or endpoint mentioned. It should be further understood that each endpoint of a range is meaningful, whether it is related to or not to another endpoint.

[0022] The term "component" refers to a material or compound included in the batch composition of the glass-forming material. Components include oxides, including but not limited to those specified in formulas (I)-(IV) and those represented in the claims. Representative components include B₂O₃, P₂O₅, Al₂O₃, CuO, Cu₂O, RO, R₂O, SnO₂, MnO₂, and RE. m O nThe components include SiO2, Ta2O5, ZnO, WO3, Nb2O5, TiO2, ZrO2, Bi2O3, and TeO2. Other representative components include halogens (e.g., F, Br, Cl). Whenever a component is included as a term in a mathematical expression or formula, it should be understood that a component refers to the amount of that component in the batch composition of the glass, expressed in mol.%. For example, the expression "B2O3 + P2O5" refers to the sum of the amount of B2O3 in the batch composition of the glass, expressed in mol.%, and the amount of P2O5 in the batch composition. A mathematical expression or formula is any expression or formula that includes mathematical operators such as "+", "-", "*", " / ", "min", or "max".

[0023] Unless otherwise stated, the amount or content of components in the glass composition is expressed in mol.% (molar percentage) herein.

[0024] The term "formed from" can mean that it contains, is substantially composed of, or is composed of one or more of the following:

[0025] The terms “free from” and “substantially free from” are used interchangeably herein to refer to the amount of a particular component that was not intentionally added to the glass composition and / or the absence of that particular component. It should be understood that the glass composition may contain trace amounts of a particular constituent component as a contaminant or impurity (tramp), in amounts less than 0.10 mol.%.

[0026] As used herein, the term "impurity," when used to describe a particular constituent component in a glass composition, refers to a constituent component that is not intentionally added to the glass composition and is present in an amount of less than 0.10 mol.%. Impurity components may be added to the glass composition unintentionally as impurities in another constituent component and / or unintentionally during the processing of the glass composition by migrating into the composition.

[0027] Unless otherwise stated, the term "glass" is used to refer to glass prepared from the glass composition disclosed herein.

[0028] The symbol “*” indicates multiplication when used in any formula in this article.

[0029] Temperature is expressed in °C (degrees Celsius) in this article.

[0030] Density in this paper is expressed in g / cm³ 3 Expressed in units.

[0031] The term “glass forming agent” is used herein to refer to a component present only in the glass composition (i.e., no other components, except for impurities) that can form glass when the melt is cooled at a rate not greater than about 300 °C / min.

[0032] As used herein, the term "modifier" refers to an oxide of a monovalent or divalent metal, namely R₂O or RO, where "R" represents a cation. Modifiers can be added to the glass composition to alter the atomic structure of the melt and the resulting glass. In some embodiments, the modifier can alter the coordination number of cations present in the glass forming agent (e.g., boron in B₂O₃), which can lead to the formation of a more polymeric atomic network and thus provide better glass formation.

[0033] As used herein, the term "RO" refers to the total content of divalent metal oxides, the term "R2O" refers to the total content of monovalent metal oxides, and the term "Alk2O" refers to the total content of alkali metal oxides. The term R2O also encompasses alkali metal oxides (Alk2O), in addition to other monovalent metal oxides such as Ag2O, Tl2O, and Hg2O.

[0034] The measured density values ​​of the glass reported in this article are obtained in water at room temperature using the Archimedes method in g / cm³. 3 Measured in units, with an error of 0.001 g / cm³. 3 As used herein, density measurements at room temperature (specified as d) RT This indicates that the measurement was taken at 20°C.

[0035] As used herein, good glass-forming ability refers to the melt's resistance to devitrification as the material cools. Glass-forming ability can be measured by determining the critical cooling rate of the melt. The term "critical cooling rate" or "v" is used herein. cr The critical cooling rate refers to the minimum cooling rate at which a melt of a given composition can form glass without visible crystals under a 500× magnification optical microscope. The critical cooling rate can be used to measure the glass-forming ability of a composition, that is, the ability of a melt of a given glass composition to form glass upon cooling. Generally, the lower the critical cooling rate, the better the glass-forming ability.

[0036] The term "liquidothermal temperature" (T) liqThe term "liquidline temperature" as used herein refers to a temperature above which the glass composition is entirely liquid and the constituent components of the glass have not crystallized. The liquidus temperatures reported herein are obtained either by measuring the sample using DSC or by isothermal holding the sample in a platinum foil. For samples measured using DSC, the powder sample was heated to 1250 °C at 10 K / min. The end of the endothermic event corresponding to the melting of the crystals is considered the liquidus temperature. For the second technique (isotactic holding), a glass block (approximately 1 cm²) was... 3 The glass block was wrapped in platinum foil to prevent evaporation and placed in a furnace at a given temperature for 17 hours. The glass block was then examined under an optical microscope to check for crystals.

[0037] Unless otherwise stated, the refractive index values ​​reported herein were measured at room temperature. The refractive index values ​​of the glass samples were measured using a Metricon Model 2010 prism-coupled refractometer with an error of approximately ±0.0002. Using the Metricon, the refractive index of the glass samples was measured at two or more wavelengths of approximately 406 nm, 473 nm, 532 nm, 633 nm, 828 nm, and 1064 nm. The dependence of the measurements on dispersion was characterized and then fitted with either Cauchy's law or the Sellmeier equation to allow calculation of the refractive index of the sample at a given wavelength of interest between the measurement wavelengths. The term "refractive index nd" is used herein to refer to the refractive index calculated as described above at a wavelength of 587.56 nm, which corresponds to the helium d-line wavelength. The term "refractive index n" is also used herein. C "In this document, 'refractive index' refers to the refractive index calculated at a wavelength of 656.3 nm as described above. The term 'refractive index n'..." F "In this document, 'refractive index' refers to the refractive index calculated at a wavelength of 486.1 nm as described above. The term 'refractive index n'..." g "In this document, it is used to refer to the refractive index calculated at a wavelength of 435.8 nm as described above."

[0038] As used herein, unless otherwise stated, the term "high refractive index" or "high index" refers to a glass with a refractive index value greater than or equal to 1.8000. In embodiments, the term "high refractive index" or "high index" refers to a glass with a refractive index value greater than or equal to 1.8500, greater than or equal to 1.9000, greater than or equal to 1.9500, or greater than or equal to 2.0000.

[0039] The terms "dispersion" and "optical dispersion" are used interchangeably to refer to the difference or ratio of the refractive index of a glass sample at a predetermined wavelength. One numerical measure of optical dispersion reported in this paper is the Abbe number, which can be calculated using the following formula: ν x = (n x - 1) / (n F - n C ), where “x” in this disclosure represents one of the commonly used wavelengths (e.g., for ν). d 587.56 nm [d-line] or for ν D 589.3 nm [D line], n x It is the refractive index at this wavelength (e.g., for ν). d n d and targeting ν D n D ), and n F and n C These are the refractive indices at wavelengths of 486.1 nm (F line) and 656.3 nm (C line), respectively. ν d and ν D The numerical differences are very small, mostly within ±0.1% to ±0.2%. As reported in this paper, the dispersion of glass samples is determined by the Abbe number (ν). d The Abbe number represents the relationship between the refractive indices of a sample at three different wavelengths, as described by the following formula: ν d = (n d -1) / (n F -n C ), where n d It is the calculated refractive index at 587.56 nm (d-line), n F It is the calculated refractive index at 486.1 nm, and n C This is the calculated refractive index at 656.3 nm. A higher Abbe number corresponds to lower optical dispersion.

[0040] After cooling in air, the glass transition temperature (Tg) was measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) at a heating rate of 10 K / min. g ).

[0041] The glass composition may include phosphorus oxide (P2O5). The glass composition in the embodiments described herein includes phosphorus oxide (P2O5) as a primary glass-forming agent. A larger amount of P2O5 increases the melt viscosity at a given temperature, which inhibits melt crystallization upon cooling, thus improving the glass-forming ability of the melt (i.e., reducing the critical cooling rate of the melt). However, P2O5 significantly reduces the refractive index, making it more difficult to achieve high refractive indices. Therefore, the P2O5 content in high-refractive-index glasses is limited. In the embodiments, the amount of phosphorus oxide (P2O5) that the glass composition may contain is greater than or equal to 25.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 42.0 mol.%, and all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain P2O5 in an amount greater than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 25.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 26.2 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 26.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 27.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 28.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 36.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 38.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 40.0 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain P2O5 in amounts less than or equal to 42.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 40.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 38.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 36.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 32.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 29.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 28.4 mol.%.In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain P₂O₅ in amounts greater than or equal to 26.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 32.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 25.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 29.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 25.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 29.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 26.2 mol.% and less than or equal to 29.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 26.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.4 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 27.95 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.96 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 25.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 42.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 25.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.4 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 27.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.4 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 27.5 mol.%. mol.% and less than or equal to 28.4 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 30.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 32.0 mol.%.

[0042] The glass composition may include zinc oxide (ZnO). Zinc oxide provides a relatively good refractive index to density ratio and can sometimes increase the solubility of titanium dioxide, thereby indirectly increasing the refractive index of the glass. However, it has been found in some embodiments that, at high concentrations of ZnO, the glass-forming ability of the melt is reduced and the melt may tend to crystallize during cooling. This is why the amount of ZnO in the glass of this disclosure is limited, or the glass composition may be ZnO-free. In embodiments, the amount of zinc oxide (ZnO) that the glass composition may contain is greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, and all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values. In some other embodiments, the amount of ZnO that the glass composition may contain is less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 2.5 mol.%, or less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 1.8 mol.%, or less than or equal to 1.6 mol.%, or less than or equal to 0.1 mol.%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain ZnO in amounts greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.8 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.6 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.1 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%.

[0043] The glass composition may include barium oxide (BaO). Compared to other divalent metal oxides, barium oxide can increase the solubility of high refractive index components such as TiO2 and Nb2O5, which can indirectly lead to a further increase in the refractive index at relatively low densities. However, barium is a heavy element, and its addition in large quantities may increase the density of the glass. Furthermore, at high concentrations, barium may induce the crystallization of minerals such as barium titanate (BaTiO3), barium niobate (BaNb2O6), and barium orthophosphate (Ba3P2O8), which may cause the melt to crystallize upon cooling. Therefore, the amount of BaO in the glass of this disclosure is limited. In the embodiments, the amount of barium oxide (BaO) that the glass composition may contain is greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, and all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain BaO in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 1.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 6.0 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain BaO in an amount less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 8.5 mol.%, or less than or equal to 8.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 7.75 mol.%, or less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain BaO in amounts greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 11.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 8.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 1.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 7.75 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 5.99 mol.% and less than or equal to 8.49 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 1.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 1.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 7.75 mol.%.

[0044] The glass may comprise calcium oxide (CaO) and / or strontium oxide (SrO), alone or in combination or with BaO. The glass composition may include CaO + SrO + BaO in a total of greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, and all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain CaO + SrO + BaO in a total of greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 1.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 3.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 4.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 6.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 7.5 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain CaO + SrO + BaO in a total of less than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 12.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 10.5 mol.%, or less than or equal to 9.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 7.5 mol.%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain a total of 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, or 1.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 12.0 mol.%, or 3.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.5 mol.%, or 4.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 9.0 mol.%, or 6.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 9.0 mol.%.

[0045] The glass composition may include vanadium oxide (V₂O₅). Of all oxides, vanadium oxide provides the highest refractive index to density ratio. However, vanadium oxide can cause undesirable dark or even black discoloration and may also cause environmental problems. For these reasons, the vanadium oxide content in the glasses of this disclosure is limited, or the glass composition may be V₂O₅-free. In embodiments, the amount of vanadium oxide (V₂O₅) that the glass composition may contain is greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 0.05 mol.%, and all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values. In some other embodiments, the amount of V₂O₅ that the glass composition may contain is less than or equal to 0.05 mol.% or less than or equal to 0.025 mol.%. In some more embodiments, the amount of V₂O₅ that the glass composition may contain is greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.05 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.025 mol.%.

[0046] The glass composition may include lithium oxide (Li₂O). Among known monovalent metal oxides, lithium oxide provides the highest glass refractive index to density ratio. Furthermore, in some embodiments, Li₂O may contribute to increasing the solubility of Nb₂O₅ and TiO₂, thereby additionally increasing the refractive index at relatively low densities. Additionally, lithium oxide may accelerate the glass bleaching process. However, it has been empirically found that in some embodiments, the addition of Li₂O, even at low concentrations, may reduce the glass-forming ability of the glass by causing crystallization of the glass-forming melt or liquid-liquid phase separation upon cooling. Therefore, the amount of Li₂O in the glass of this disclosure is limited. However, the adverse effects of Li₂O described above are difficult to predict; therefore, the precise boundaries of Li₂O in the embodiments may vary considerably. Specifically, in some embodiments, the glass may be substantially free of Li₂O. In the embodiments, the amount of lithium oxide (Li₂O) that the glass composition may contain is greater than or equal to 0.1 mol.% to less than or equal to 8.0 mol.%, and all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Li₂O in an amount greater than or equal to 0.1 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 1.1 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 1.25 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 1.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 2.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 6.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 7.0 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Li₂O in an amount less than or equal to 8.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 7.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 6.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 3.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 2.5 mol.%, or less than or equal to 2.3 mol.%, or less than or equal to 2.15 mol.%, or less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%.In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain Li₂O in amounts greater than or equal to 0.1 mol.% and less than or equal to 8.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.5 mol.%, greater than or equal to 1.1 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.3 mol.%, greater than or equal to 1.25 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.15 mol.%, greater than or equal to 1.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 3.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 8.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 1.1 mol.% and less than or equal to 8.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 1.1 mol.%. mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 1.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 8.0 mol.%.

[0047] The glass composition may include potassium oxide (K₂O). Compared to other monovalent and divalent metal oxides, potassium oxide can increase the solubility of high refractive index components such as TiO₂ and Nb₂O₅, which can indirectly increase the refractive index at relatively low densities. However, among the oxides mentioned, potassium oxide itself provides the lowest refractive index. Therefore, it may be difficult to achieve a high refractive index at high concentrations of K₂O. Therefore, the amount of K₂O in the glass of this disclosure is limited, or the glass may be substantially K₂O-free. In the embodiments, the amount of potassium oxide (K₂O) that the glass composition may contain is greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, and all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain K2O in an amount greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 6.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 6.75 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 24.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 26.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 28.0 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain K₂O in amounts less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 28.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 26.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 24.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 14.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 13.25 mol.%, or less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%.In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain K₂O in amounts greater than or equal to 2.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 6.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 14.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 6.75 mol.% and less than or equal to 13.25 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 6.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 6.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 6.75 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol. mol.%, or greater than or equal to 6.75 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 13.25 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 24.0 mol.%.

[0048] The glass composition may include niobium oxide (Nb₂O₅). Similar to titanium dioxide, niobium oxide can be used in some aspects of this disclosure to increase the refractive index of the glass while maintaining a low density. However, niobium oxide can introduce a yellow tint to the glass, which cannot be treated by bleaching like titanium dioxide, leading to a loss of transmittance, particularly in the blue and UV ranges. Similar to titanium dioxide, niobium oxide can cause crystallization and / or phase separation in the melt. In some cases, niobium oxide can provide the glass with high optical dispersion, which, when added at similar concentrations, can be significantly higher than that caused by titanium dioxide and some other high-refractive-index components. The effect of niobium oxide can be influenced by other components in the glass, thus determining accurate limits for niobium oxide can be challenging. In some embodiments, the glass may be substantially free of Nb₂O₅; in this case, the function of the glass is performed by other substances such as TiO₂. In embodiments, the glass composition may contain niobium oxide (Nb₂O₅) in an amount greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% to less than or equal to 48.0 mol.%, and all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain Nb₂O₅ in an amount greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 22.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 23.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 24.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 28.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 32.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 33.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 38.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 43.0 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain Nb₂O₅ in amounts less than or equal to 48.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 44.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 43.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 40.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 38.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 37.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 36.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 33.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%.In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain Nb₂O₅ in amounts greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 42.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 22.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 33.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 23.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 23.97 mol.% and less than or equal to 32.97 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 28.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 48.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 23.0 mol.%. mol.% and less than or equal to 48.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 24.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 48.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 24.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%.

[0049] The glass composition may include titanium dioxide (TiO2). High-refractive-index glasses typically include substances such as TiO2 and Nb2O5 that absorb at least a portion of visible light, particularly light in the blue and near-UV regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. In embodiments of this disclosure, the transmittance of the glass can be characterized for different wavelengths in the range of about 300 nm to 2300 nm. In some applications, high transmittance in the visible and near-UV ranges (blue region) is particularly desirable. Achieving high blue transmittance in high-refractive-index glasses can be challenging. High levels of TiO2 and / or Nb2O5, typically used in glasses to increase the refractive index, tend to reduce transmittance in the near-UV region and shift the UV cutoff to higher wavelengths. Therefore, the amount of TiO2 in the glass composition of this disclosure is limited. In embodiments, the amount of titanium dioxide (TiO2) that the glass composition may contain is greater than or equal to 0.5 mol.% to less than or equal to 44.0 mol.%, and all ranges and subranges between the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the glass composition may contain TiO2 in an amount greater than or equal to 0.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 13.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 17.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 18.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 21.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 22.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 29.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 34.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 39.0 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain TiO2 in amounts less than or equal to 44.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 40.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 39.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 36.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 34.5 mol.%, or less than or equal to 34.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 33.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 32.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 29.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 24.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 23.5 mol.%, or less than or equal to 22.5 mol.%, or less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%.In some further embodiments, the glass composition may contain TiO2 in amounts greater than or equal to 0.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 13.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 38.4 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 18.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 23.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 21.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 34.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 21.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 33.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 21.96 mol.% and less than or equal to 32.96 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 44.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.5 mol.%. mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 44.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 18.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 44.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 18.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 22.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 21.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 44.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 21.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 22.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 22.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 22.5 mol.%.

[0050] In some embodiments, the glass composition may be limited by the total amount of FeO + Fe2O3. Iron oxides (FeO and Fe2O3), and especially FeO, can impart undesirable coloration to the glasses of this disclosure, even when added at very low concentrations, such as 0.02 mol.%, 0.01 mol.%, or even 0.007 mol.%. Therefore, the glasses of this disclosure are substantially free of iron oxide. However, iron oxide can be present in the glasses of this disclosure at very low concentrations as an impurity in the starting materials. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may contain an amount of the total amount of FeO + Fe2O3 less than or equal to 0.02 mol.% or less than or equal to 0.01 mol.%. In some more embodiments, the glass composition may contain an amount of FeO + Fe2O3 greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.02 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.01 mol.%.

[0051] In some embodiments, the glass composition may be limited in terms of the total Na₂O + K₂O. The addition of alkali metal oxides other than Li₂O, namely Na₂O and K₂O, is necessary to protect the glass of this disclosure from devitrification upon cooling. This is due to the devitrification tendency of lithium-rich glasses. Preferably, to provide better protection against devitrification, the glass of this disclosure contains at least two different alkali oxides, one of which is Li₂O, and the other may be Na₂O, K₂O, or a combination thereof. Therefore, the glass of this disclosure comprises at least one of Na₂O and K₂O, or a combination thereof. However, when the total Na₂O + K₂O is high, the glass of this disclosure may have a lower viscosity, and therefore a lower liquidus viscosity, which adversely reduces the glass's durability against devitrification upon cooling. Therefore, the content of Na₂O + K₂O is preferably limited. In some embodiments, the glass composition may have a total Na₂O + K₂O content greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 6.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total Na₂O + K₂O content less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 11.0 mol.%, or less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 11.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 6.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 6.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 6.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 11.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 6.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%. mol.% or greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 11.0 mol.% of Na2O+K2O.

[0052] In some embodiments, to prevent glass devitrification, the glass composition may need to include more K₂O than Na₂O. In embodiments, the glass composition may have a K₂O-Na₂O content differing by 0.00 mol.%, 0.25 mol.%, 0.50 mol.%, 1.0 mol.%, 1.50 mol.%, 2.0 mol.%, 3.0 mol.%, 4.0 mol.%, 5.0 mol.%, 7.0 mol.%, or 9.0 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a K₂O-Na₂O content differing by 15.0 mol.%, 12.0 mol.%, 10.0 mol.%, or 8.0 mol.%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have a K2O-Na2O content that varies by more than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.%, or more than or equal to 0.50 mol.% and less than or equal to 12.0 mol.%, or more than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.%, or more than or equal to 2.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 8.0 mol.%.

[0053] In some embodiments, to prevent glass devitrification, the glass composition may need to include more Li₂O than Na₂O. In embodiments, the glass composition may have a difference of 0.00 mol.%, or 0.25 mol.%, or 0.50 mol.%, or 0.75 mol.%, or 1.00 mol.%, or 1.25 mol.%, or 1.50 mol.%, or 1.75 mol.%, or 2.00 mol.% of Li₂O-Na₂O. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a difference of 5.0 mol.%, or 4.0 mol.%, or 3.0 mol.%, or 2.0 mol.% of Li₂O-Na₂O. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have a difference of 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, or 0.25 mol.% and less than or equal to 4.0 mol.%, or 0.50 mol.% and less than or equal to 3.0 mol.%.

[0054] In some embodiments, to control devitrification, the total amount of Li₂O + Na₂O + K₂O in the glass composition may need to be limited. In embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of 0.0 mol.%, or 1.0 mol.%, or 2.0 mol.%, or 4.0 mol.%, or 6.0 mol.%, or 8.0 mol.%, or 10.0 mol.%, or 12.0 mol.%, or 14.0 mol.%, or 15.0 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, or 22.0 mol.%, or 20.0 mol.%, or 17.0 mol.%. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have a total of 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, or 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, or 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, or 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 25.0 mol.%, or 1.00 mol.% and less than or equal to 22.0 mol.%, or 2.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.%, or 4.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 17.0 mol.%.

[0055] In some embodiments, the glass composition may limit the amount of Na₂O to control devitrification. In embodiments, the glass composition may have an amount of Na₂O greater than or equal to 0.00 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.25 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.50 mol.%. In some other embodiments, the glass composition may have an amount of Na₂O less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 4.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 3.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 1.5 mol.%, less than or equal to 1.0 mol.%, less than or equal to 0.50 mol.%, or less than or equal to 0.25 mol.%. In embodiments, the glass composition is substantially free of Na₂O. In some further embodiments, the glass composition may have Na₂O in amounts greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.0 mol.%, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.5 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.10 mol.% and less than or equal to 3.0 mol.%, or greater than or equal to 0.20 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.%.

[0056] In some embodiments, the glass composition may impose limitations on the P2O5 / (TiO2+Nb2O5) ratio. The P2O5 / (TiO2+Nb2O5) ratio characterizes the balance between the glass-forming ability (or devitrification resistance) provided by P2O5 and the high refractive index provided by TiO2 and Nb2O5. A higher P2O5 / (TiO2+Nb2O5) ratio results in better glass-forming ability but makes it more difficult to achieve a high refractive index. Therefore, maintaining a high P2O5 / (TiO2+Nb2O5) ratio is challenging for the high refractive index glasses of this disclosure. However, a minimum value of this ratio may be required to be at least greater than or equal to 0.30 to suppress devitrification and / or promote glass formation. In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, the amount of P2O5 / (TiO2+Nb2O5) is expressed as a mol.% ratio. In some embodiments, the glass ratio P2O5 / (TiO2+Nb2O5) can be greater than or equal to 0.30, or greater than or equal to 0.40, or greater than or equal to 0.45, or greater than or equal to 0.46, or greater than or equal to 0.47, or greater than or equal to 0.49, or greater than or equal to 0.50, or greater than or equal to 0.51, or greater than or equal to 0.52, or greater than or equal to 0.53, or greater than or equal to 0.54. In some other embodiments, the glass ratio P2O5 / (TiO2+Nb2O5) can be less than or equal to 0.58, or less than or equal to 0.55, or less than or equal to 0.53, or less than or equal to 0.51, or less than or equal to 0.50, or less than or equal to 0.40. In some further embodiments, the glass ratio P2O5 / (TiO2+Nb2O5) can be greater than or equal to 0.42 and less than or equal to 0.62, or greater than or equal to 0.44 and less than or equal to 0.60, or greater than or equal to 0.46 and less than or equal to 0.58, or greater than or equal to 0.30 and less than or equal to 0.51, or greater than or equal to 0.30 and less than or equal to 0.50, or greater than or equal to 0.30 and less than or equal to 0.40, or greater than or equal to 0.40 and less than or equal to 0.51, or greater than or equal to 0.40 and less than or equal to 0.50, or greater than or equal to 0.45 and less than or equal to 0.50, or greater than or equal to 0.46 and less than or equal to 0.51, or greater than or equal to 0.46 and less than or equal to 0.50, or greater than or equal to 0.47 and less than or equal to 0.51.

[0057] In some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index n at 587.56 nm. d It is greater than or equal to 1.8500 and less than or equal to 1.9770, as well as all ranges and subranges between the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index n at 587.56 nm. dThe refractive index n is greater than or equal to 1.8500, or greater than or equal to 1.8750, or greater than or equal to 1.9000, or greater than or equal to 1.9300, or greater than or equal to 1.9400, or greater than or equal to 1.9470, or greater than or equal to 1.9500, or greater than or equal to 1.9550, or greater than or equal to 1.9570, or greater than or equal to 1.9670. In some other embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index n at 587.56 nm. d The refractive index n is less than or equal to 1.9770, or less than or equal to 1.9700, or less than or equal to 1.9670, or less than or equal to 1.9660, or less than or equal to 1.9570, or less than or equal to 1.9500, or less than or equal to 1.9470. In some further embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index n at 587.56 nm. d Greater than or equal to 1.9000 and less than or equal to 1.9770, or greater than or equal to 1.9000 and less than or equal to 1.9470, or greater than or equal to 1.9300 and less than or equal to 1.9470.

[0058] In some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index parameter P. n It is greater than or equal to 1.8500 and less than or equal to 1.9770, as well as all ranges and subranges between the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index parameter P. n The parameters P are greater than or equal to 1.8500, 1.8750, 1.9000, 1.9300, 1.9400, 1.9470, 1.9500, 1.9550, 1.9570, or 1.9670. In some other embodiments, the glass may have the parameter P. n The refractive index parameter P is less than or equal to 1.9770, or less than or equal to 1.9700, or less than or equal to 1.9670, or less than or equal to 1.9660, or less than or equal to 1.9570, or less than or equal to 1.9500, or less than or equal to 1.9470. In some further embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index parameter P. n Greater than or equal to 1.9000 and less than or equal to 1.9770, or greater than or equal to 1.9000 and less than or equal to 1.9470, or greater than or equal to 1.9300 and less than or equal to 1.9470

[0059] In some embodiments, the glass may have a density d at room temperature. RT It is greater than or equal to 0.0 g / cm³ 3 Up to 3.81 g / cm³ 3And all ranges and subranges between the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the glass may have a density d at room temperature. RT Greater than or equal to 1.00 g / cm 3 or greater than or equal to 2.00 g / cm³ 3 or greater than or equal to 3.40 g / cm³ 3 or greater than or equal to 3.59 g / cm³ 3 In some other embodiments, the glass may have a density d at room temperature. RT Less than or equal to 3.81 g / cm³ 3 or less than or equal to 3.70 g / cm³ 3 or less than or equal to 3.60 g / cm³ 3 or less than or equal to 3.50 g / cm³ 3 or less than or equal to 3.40 g / cm³ 3 In some further embodiments, the glass may have a density d at room temperature. RT Greater than or equal to 2.00 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 3.80 g / cm 3 or greater than or equal to 2.10 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 3.80 g / cm 3 or greater than or equal to 2.25 g / cm 3 And less than or equal to 3.80 g / cm 3 or greater than or equal to 2.50 g / cm 3 And less than or equal to 3.70 g / cm 3 or greater than or equal to 2.75 g / cm 3 And less than or equal to 3.60 g / cm 3 .

[0060] In some embodiments, the glass may have a density parameter P d Greater than or equal to 2.00 g / cm³ 3 or greater than or equal to 3.40 g / cm³ 3 or greater than or equal to 3.59 g / cm³ 3 In some other embodiments, the glass may have a density parameter P. d Less than or equal to 3.81 g / cm³ 3 or less than or equal to 3.70 g / cm³ 3 or less than or equal to 3.60 g / cm³ 3 or less than or equal to 3.50 g / cm³ 3 or less than or equal to 3.40 g / cm³ 3In some more embodiments, the glass may have a density parameter P. d Greater than or equal to 2.00 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 3.80 g / cm 3 or greater than or equal to 2.10 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 3.80 g / cm 3 or greater than or equal to 2.25 g / cm 3 And less than or equal to 3.80 g / cm 3 or greater than or equal to 2.50 g / cm³ 3 And less than or equal to 3.70 g / cm 3 or greater than or equal to 2.75 g / cm 3 And less than or equal to 3.60 g / cm 3 .

[0061] In some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index to density ratio (“refractive index”) (n d -1) / d RT [cm 3 [ / g] is greater than or equal to 0.24. In some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive index to density ratio (n d -1) / d RT [cm 3 / g] is greater than or equal to 0.25, or greater than or equal to 0.26, or in the range of 0.24 to 0.27.

[0062] In some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive parameter P ref [cm 3 / g] is greater than or equal to 0.24. In some embodiments, the glass may have a refractive parameter P ref [cm 3 / g] is greater than or equal to 0.25, or greater than or equal to 0.26, or in the range of 0.24 to 0.27.

[0063] In some embodiments, the glass may have an Abbe number ν d Less than or equal to 19.00. In some other embodiments, the glass may have an Abbe number ν. d Less than or equal to 18.75, or less than or equal to 18.50, or less than or equal to 18.25, or less than or equal to 18.00, or less than or equal to 17.75, or greater than or equal to 16.00, or greater than or equal to 16.50, or greater than or equal to 17.00, or greater than or equal to 17.25.

[0064] In some embodiments, the glass may have a dispersion parameter P νLess than or equal to 19.00. In some other embodiments, the glass may have a dispersion parameter P. ν Less than or equal to 18.75, or less than or equal to 18.50, or less than or equal to 18.25, or less than or equal to 18.00, or less than or equal to 17.75, or greater than or equal to 16.00, or greater than or equal to 16.50, or greater than or equal to 17.00, or greater than or equal to 17.25.

[0065] In some embodiments, the glass may have a liquidus temperature T liq Less than or equal to 1200°C. In some other embodiments, the glass may have a liquidus temperature T. liq Less than or equal to 1175℃, or less than or equal to 1150℃, or less than or equal to 1125℃, or less than or equal to 1100℃, or less than or equal to 1075℃.

[0066] In some embodiments, the glass may have a glass transition temperature T. g Greater than or equal to 600°C. In some embodiments, the glass may have a glass transition temperature T. g 620℃ or higher, or 640℃ or higher, or 650℃ or higher.

[0067] In some embodiments, the glass may have a density d at room temperature. RT Less than or equal to 4.50. In some other embodiments, the glass may have a d... RT Less than or equal to 4.50, or less than or equal to 4.50, or less than or equal to 3.80.

[0068] Refractive index n d Density d RT Abbe number ν d and refraction (n d -1) / d RT The properties of glass can be predicted based on its glass composition. Linear regression analysis was performed on exemplary glasses of this disclosure and other glass compositions reported in the literature in the following example section to determine the predictable refractive index n. d Density d RT Abbe number ν d and refraction (n d -1) / d RT The equation relating the components to their dependencies.

[0069] The training dataset of glass was randomly selected from literature data available in the publicly available SciGlass Information System database and from exemplary glasses of the embodiments provided herein. The training dataset meets the criteria specified in Table 1 below and has measurements of the properties of interest, each property (n...d Density d RT ν d The dataset consists of approximately 100 types of glass (including refraction). Linear regression analysis performed on the dataset was used to determine the prediction parameters P for formulas (I)–(IV) provided in Table 2 below. n P d P ν and P ref A further subset of glass compositions satisfying the criteria in Table 1 was used as a validation set to evaluate the ability to interpolate within the compositional constraints of Table 1 and to establish the standard deviation specified in Table 2. An external dataset of prior art glass compositions (also randomly selected from the SciGlass Information System database) was used to evaluate the ability to predict properties beyond the compositional constraints of Table 1 with reasonable accuracy (n). d d RT ν d The ability to (and refract). This process is iterated multiple times to determine each property (n). d d RT ν d The optimal formula for (and refraction). Formulas (I)-(IV) in Table 2 are the results of the analysis.

[0070] The comparative glass composition data (including training, validation, and external datasets) used for linear regression modeling were obtained from the publicly available SciGlass Information System database. The following formulas (I), (II), (III), and (IV) are derived from linear regression analysis and are used to predict the refractive index n of the glass, respectively. d Density, Abbe number, and refraction:

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] In formulas (I), (II), (III), and (IV), and in Tables 1 and 2, the refractive index parameter P n This is the parameter predicting the refractive index at 587.56 nm, calculated from the glass composition expressed in mol.%; density parameter P d It is a prediction of the density d at room temperature. RT [g / cm 3 The parameters are calculated from the glass composition expressed in mol.%; the dispersion parameter P ν It is a prediction of the Abbe number ν d The parameters are calculated from the composition of the glass, expressed in mol.%; and the refractive parameter P ref It is the predicted refractive index to density ratio (n d – 1) / dRT (Refraction) [cm] 3 The parameter [ / g] is calculated from the composition of the glass, expressed in mol.%. For the dispersion parameter P... ν Logarithmic scale is used when performing regression analysis.

[0074] In formulas (I), (II), (III), and (IV), each component of the glass composition is listed according to its chemical formula, where the chemical formula refers to the concentration of the component expressed in mol.%. For example, for the purposes of formulas (I), (II), (III), and (IV), Al2O3 refers to the concentration of Al2O3 in the glass composition, expressed in mol.%. It should be understood that not all components listed in formulas (I), (II), (III), and (IV) must be present in a particular glass composition, and formulas (I), (II), (III), and (IV) are equally valid for glass compositions containing fewer than all of the components listed in the formulas. It should also be understood that formulas (I), (II), (III), and (IV) are also valid for glass compositions containing components other than those listed in the formulas within the scope of this disclosure and the claims. If a component listed in formulas (I), (II), (III), and (IV) is absent in a particular glass composition, the concentration of the component in the glass composition is 0 mol.%, and the contribution of the component to the value calculated by the formula is zero.

[0075] In Table 1, R m O n R₂O is the sum of all oxides, R₂O is the sum of monovalent metal oxides, and RO is the sum of divalent metal oxides.

[0076] Table 1. Composition space used for modeling

[0077]

[0078] Table 2. Feature Prediction Model

[0079]

[0080] Figure 1 The refractive index n is calculated by formula (I) for some comparative glasses (“Comp. Glasses”) and some exemplary glasses (“Ex. Glasses”) taken from the literature, as a function of the measured refractive index n. d The changing parameter P n The image. (For example) Figure 1 The data shows that for most glasses, parameter P n The standard deviation of the compositional dependency in the measured n d Within the range of ± 0.021 units.

[0081] Figure 2 The density d is calculated by formula (II) for some comparative glasses (“Comp. Glasses”) and some exemplary glasses (“Ex. Glasses”) taken from the literature, as a function of the measured density d. RT The changing parameter P d The image. (For example) Figure 2 The data shows that for most glasses, parameter P d The standard deviation of the compositional dependency in the measured d RT Within the range of ± 0.20 units.

[0082] Figure 3 The Abbe number ν, taken from some comparative glasses (“Comp. Glasses”) and some exemplary glasses (“Ex. Glasses”) in the literature, is calculated by formula (III) as a function of the measured Abbe number ν. d The changing parameter P ν The image. (For example) Figure 3 The data shows that for most glasses, parameter P ν The standard deviation of the compositional dependence at the measured ν d Within the range of ± 0.66 units.

[0083] Figure 4 The refractive index (n) of some comparative glasses (“Comp. Glasses”) and some exemplary glasses (“Ex. Glasses”) taken from the literature is calculated by formula (IV) as a function of the measured refractive index (n). d -1) / d RT The changing parameter P ref The image. (For example) Figure 4 The data shows that for most glasses, parameter P ref The standard deviation of the compositional dependency in the measured (n) d -1) / d RT Within the range of ± 0.0049 units.

[0084] Table 3 identifies combinations of components and their respective amounts according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The exemplary glass A in Table 3 may include additional components according to any aspect of the present disclosure described herein.

[0085] Table 3: Exemplary Glass A

[0086]

[0087] Exemplary glass A according to embodiments of this disclosure may satisfy the following conditions:

[0088] P2O5 / (TiO2+Nb2O5) [mol.%]≥ 0.30,

[0089] The chemical formula refers to the amount of the component in the glass, expressed in mol.%.

[0090] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, exemplary glass A may also satisfy the following conditions:

[0091] K₂O-Na₂O [mol.%] ≥ 0.000

[0092] The chemical formula refers to the amount of the component in the glass, expressed in mol.%.

[0093] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, exemplary glass A may also have a refractive index n at 587.56 nm greater than or equal to 1.9000. d Or refractive index parameter P n .

[0094] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, exemplary glass A may also have a density d of less than or equal to 3.80 at room temperature. RT [g / cm 3 or density parameter P d .

[0095] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, exemplary glass A may also have an Abbe number ν less than or equal to 18.00. d or dispersion parameter P ν .

[0096] According to some embodiments of this disclosure, exemplary glass A may also have a refractive index (n) greater than or equal to 0.24. d –1) / d RT [cm 3 / g] or refractive parameter P ref .

[0097] Example

[0098] The following examples 1-49 in Table 4 illustrate various features and advantages provided by this disclosure and are in no way intended to limit the invention and the appended claims. All components in Table 4 are listed in mol.% and the listed P n P d P ν and P ref The values ​​are calculated according to formulas (I)–(IV).

[0099] The exemplary glasses in Table 4 were prepared using high-purity oxide and phosphate feedstocks in fine powder form. Nb₂O₅ was formulated with niobium oxide, and in some cases, included a non-negligible amount of tantalum oxide (Ta₂O₅). TiO₂ was formulated with a mixture of titanium dioxide and titanium pyrophosphate, the latter used to obtain the high P₂O₅ content of some of the glasses of this invention. Li₂O and K₂O were formulated with monophosphate, LiH₂PO₄, and KH₂PO₄. BaO was formulated with barium metaphosphate (BaPO₃) or barium dihydrogen phosphate (Ba(H₂PO₄)₂). CaO was formulated with calcium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate (Ca(H₂PO₄)₂·H₂O). ZnO was formulated with zinc pyrophosphate (ZnP₂O₇). The oxides were weighed into clean plastic bottles, an alumina medium was added to help break up soft agglomerates, and Turbula was used. ® A vibratory mixer is used to prepare the batch for one hour. Before melting, the mixture is transferred from the flask to a crucible. In most examples, the crucible material is fused silica, thus these glasses are doped with a small amount of SiO2 (≤ 1 mol%). When fused silica is used as the crucible material, the glasses described herein are platinum-free (Pt). In some examples, the crucible material is platinum. However, although platinum is known for its chemical inertness, when used as a crucible material, trace amounts of platinum can permeate into the glasses of this invention, resulting in noticeable absorption at visible wavelengths. Some contact with platinum may be required for manufacturing: however, the amount of platinum incorporated into the glass due to such contact is expected to be less than 5.0 ppm, more preferably < 1.0 ppm, to achieve high transmittance at visible wavelengths. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of Pt in the glass according to this disclosure is less than or equal to 5.0 ppm, or less than or equal to 4.0 ppm, or less than or equal to 3.5 ppm, or less than or equal to 3.0 ppm, or less than or equal to 2.5 ppm, or less than or equal to 2.0 ppm, or less than or equal to 1.5 ppm, or less than or equal to 1.0 ppm.

[0100] The crucible is placed inside a refractory outer crucible, covered with a refractory lid, and placed in a furnace heated by a silicon carbide luminescent rod. The furnace temperature is 1300°C, but briefly drops below this temperature after the sample is loaded. A typical melting process is as follows: Nine crucibles (each containing 1 kg of batch material) are simultaneously placed in a furnace at 1300°C. After 45 minutes, the crucibles are removed from the furnace one at a time, the lids are removed, and the glass is poured onto a steel plate. The resulting still-hot glass blank is immersed in a bucket of cold water to break it into small fragments. The fragments are dried, placed in crucibles of the same type used for the first melting, covered, and remelted at 1300°C for 45 minutes. After this, the crucibles are removed from the furnace, the lids are removed, and the glass is poured into a mold. Optimal results are obtained when the mold is preheated to at least 300°C. In some cases, the molten glass is stirred with a fused silica rod to maximize the homogeneity of the final glass. All glass was annealed at 650°C for 2 hours and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of approximately 1°C / min.

[0101] Table 4. Exemplary Glass Composition

[0102]

[0103] Table 4 (continued)

[0104]

[0105] Table 4 (continued)

[0106]

[0107] Table 4 (continued)

[0108]

[0109] Table 4 (continued)

[0110]

[0111] Table 4 (continued)

[0112]

[0113] Table 4 (continued)

[0114]

[0115] Table 4 (continued)

[0116]

[0117] Table 4 (continued)

[0118]

[0119] This disclosure covers the following non-limiting aspects. To the extent not described, any one of the features of the first to sixty-ninth aspects may be combined, in whole or in part, with features of any one or more other aspects of this disclosure to form another aspect, even if such combination is not expressly described.

[0120] According to the first aspect, the glass comprises multiple components, the composition of which includes: greater than or equal to 25.5 mol.% P₂O₅, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% Nb₂O₅, greater than or equal to 0.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol.% TiO₂, greater than or equal to 0.1 mol.% and less than or equal to 8.0 mol.% Li₂O, a total of greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% Na₂O + K₂O, and a total of greater than or equal to 0.000 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.020 mol.% FeO + Fe2O3, and may optionally contain one or more components selected from the following: Al2O3, B2O3, BaO, Bi2O3, CaO, CdO, Cs2O, GeO2, La2O3, MgO, MoO3, PbO, SiO2, SrO, Ta2O5, TeO2, WO3, ZrO2, Ga2O3, and ZnO, wherein the composition of said components is substantially free of V2O5, and wherein the composition of said components satisfies the following conditions: P2O5 / (TiO2 + Nb2O5) [mol.%] ≥ 0.30 and K2O - Na2O [mol.%] ≥ 0.000, and the glass satisfies the following condition: P n > 1.9000 and P d < 3.80, where P n It is the refractive index parameter, which is calculated according to formula (I) from the glass composition in mol.% of the stated components:

[0121]

[0122] P d It is the density parameter, which is calculated according to formula (II) from the glass composition in mol.% of the components:

[0123]

[0124] The asterisk (*) indicates multiplication.

[0125] According to the second aspect, the glass described in the first aspect, wherein the glass has a refractive index n at 587.56 nm greater than or equal to 1.9000. dand less than or equal to 3.80 g / cm 3 Density d at room temperature RT .

[0126] According to a third aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 26.5 mol.% P2O5.

[0127] According to the fourth aspect, the glass described in the third aspect, wherein the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 27.5 mol.% P2O5.

[0128] According to the fifth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the composition of said component contains less than or equal to 32.0 mol.% P2O5.

[0129] According to the sixth aspect, the glass of the fifth aspect, wherein the composition of said component contains less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% P2O5.

[0130] According to the seventh aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 13.0 mol.% TiO2.

[0131] According to the eighth aspect, the glass of the seventh aspect, wherein the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 17.0 mol.% TiO2.

[0132] According to the ninth aspect, the glass of the eighth aspect, wherein the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 21.0 mol.% TiO2.

[0133] According to the tenth aspect, the glass of the ninth aspect, wherein the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 25.0 mol.% TiO2.

[0134] According to the eleventh aspect, the glass of the tenth aspect, wherein the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 29.0 mol.% TiO2.

[0135] According to the twelfth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 11, wherein the composition of said component contains less than or equal to 36.0 mol.% TiO2.

[0136] According to the thirteenth and twelfth aspects, the glass wherein the composition of the component contains greater than or equal to 32.0 mol.% TiO2.

[0137] According to the fourteenth and thirteenth aspects, the glass wherein the composition of the component contains less than or equal to 24.0 mol.% TiO2.

[0138] According to the glass of the fifteenth and fourteenth aspects, the composition of said component contains less than or equal to 22.5 mol.% TiO2.

[0139] According to the sixteenth and fifteenth aspects, the glass wherein the composition of the component contains less than or equal to 20.0 mol.% TiO2.

[0140] According to the seventeenth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 16, wherein the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 18.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 23.5 mol.% TiO2.

[0141] According to the eighteenth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 17, wherein the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 24.0 mol.% Nb2O5.

[0142] According to the nineteenth aspect and the eighteenth aspect of the glass, the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 28.0 mol.% Nb2O5.

[0143] According to the twentieth and nineteenth aspects, the glass wherein the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 30.0 mol.% Nb2O5.

[0144] According to the twenty-first aspect, the glass of the twenty-second aspect, wherein the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 32.0 mol.% Nb2O5.

[0145] According to the twenty-second aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 21, wherein the composition of said component contains less than or equal to 44.0 mol.% Nb2O5.

[0146] According to the glass of aspects twenty-three and twenty-two, the composition of said component contains less than or equal to 40.0 mol.% Nb2O5.

[0147] According to the twenty-fourth and twenty-third aspects, the glass wherein the composition of said component contains less than or equal to 36.0 mol.% Nb2O5.

[0148] According to the glass of aspects twenty-five and twenty-four, the composition of said component contains less than or equal to 35.0 mol.% Nb2O5.

[0149] According to the glass of the twenty-sixth and eighteenth aspects, the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 28.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.% Nb2O5.

[0150] According to the twenty-seventh aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 26, wherein the composition of said component comprises a total of 10.0 mol.% Li2O + Na2O + K2O.

[0151] According to the glass of the twenty-eighth and twenty-seventh aspects, the composition of said component comprises a total of 15.0 mol.% Li₂O + Na₂O + K₂O.

[0152] According to the twenty-ninth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 28, wherein the composition of said component comprises a total of less than or equal to 25.0 mol.% of Li₂O + Na₂O + K₂O.

[0153] According to the thirtieth and twenty-ninth aspects, the glass wherein the composition of the components comprises a total of less than or equal to 20.0 mol.% of Li₂O + Na₂O + K₂O.

[0154] According to the glass of the thirty-first and twenty-seventh aspects, the composition of said component comprises a total of more than or equal to 15.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 20.0 mol.% of Li₂O + Na₂O + K₂O.

[0155] According to the thirty-second aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 31, wherein the composition of said component comprises two or more of Li2O, Na2O and K2O.

[0156] According to aspect thirty-three, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 32, wherein the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% K2O.

[0157] According to the thirty-fourth and thirty-third aspects, the glass of the aforementioned aspects, wherein the composition of the said component contains greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% K2O.

[0158] According to aspect thirty-five, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 34, wherein the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 1.5 mol.% Li2O.

[0159] According to the thirty-sixth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 35, wherein the composition of said component contains less than or equal to 5.0 mol.% Li2O.

[0160] According to the thirty-seventh and thirty-sixth aspects, the glass of said component contains less than or equal to 3.0 mol.% Li2O.

[0161] According to aspect thirty-eight, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 37, wherein the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 1.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 3.0 mol.% Li2O.

[0162] According to aspect thirty-nine, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 38, wherein the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.% Na2O.

[0163] According to the glass of the fortieth and thirty-ninth aspects, the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.5 mol.% Na2O.

[0164] According to aspect 41, the glass described in aspect 40, wherein the composition of said component is substantially free of Na2O.

[0165] According to aspect 42, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 41, wherein the composition of said components satisfies the following conditions: K2O - Na2O [mol.%] ≥ 0.50 and Li2O - Na2O [mol.%] ≥ 0.50.

[0166] According to aspects 43 and 42, the composition of the components satisfies the following conditions: K2O - Na2O [mol.%] ≥ 1.50 and Li2O - Na2O [mol.%] ≥ 1.00.

[0167] According to aspects 44 and 43, the glass of said components satisfies the following conditions: K2O - Na2O [mol.%] ≥ 3.00 and Li2O - Na2O [mol.%] ≥ 1.50.

[0168] According to aspect 45, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 44, wherein the composition of said component comprises a total of greater than or equal to 3.0 mol.% of CaO + SrO + BaO.

[0169] According to the glass of aspects 46 and 45, the composition of said component comprises a total of 6.0 mol.% CaO + SrO + BaO.

[0170] According to aspect 47, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 45, wherein the composition of said component comprises a total of less than or equal to 12.0 mol.% CaO + SrO + BaO.

[0171] According to the glass of the forty-eighth and forty-seventh aspects, the composition of said component comprises a total of less than or equal to 9.0 mol.% CaO + SrO + BaO.

[0172] According to the forty-ninth aspect, the glass of the forty-eighth aspect, wherein the composition of the components comprises a total of more than or equal to 6.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 9.0 mol.% of CaO + SrO + BaO.

[0173] According to the fiftieth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 49, wherein the composition of said component comprises greater than or equal to 25.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 29.0 mol.% P2O5, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 35.0 mol.% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 40.0 mol.% TiO2, greater than or equal to 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.% K2O, greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.5 mol.% Li2O, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 10.0 mol.% BaO, and greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.% ZnO.

[0174] According to aspect 51, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 50, wherein the composition of said component comprises one or more of the following: greater than or equal to 26.2 mol.% and less than or equal to 29.0 mol.% P2O5, greater than or equal to 22.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 33.0 mol.% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 21.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 34.5 mol.% TiO2, greater than or equal to 6.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 14.0 mol.% K2O, greater than or equal to 1.1 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.3 mol.% Li2O, greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 8.5 mol.% BaO, and greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.8 mol.% ZnO.

[0175] According to aspect 52, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 52, wherein the composition of said component comprises greater than or equal to 26.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 28.4 mol.% P2O5, greater than or equal to 23.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 21.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 33.0 mol.% TiO2, greater than or equal to 6.75 mol.% and less than or equal to 13.25 mol.% K2O, greater than or equal to 1.50 mol.% and less than or equal to 7.75 mol.% BaO, greater than or equal to 1.25 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.15 mol.% Li2O, and greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 1.6 mol.% ZnO.

[0176] According to the glass of the 53rd and 50th aspects, the composition of said components comprises greater than or equal to 26.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 32.0 mol.% P2O5, greater than or equal to 20.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 42.0 mol.% Nb2O5, greater than or equal to 13.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 38.4 mol.% TiO2, greater than or equal to 2.00 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.% K2O, greater than or equal to 0.00 mol.% and less than or equal to 11.00 mol.% BaO, greater than or equal to 1.00 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.00 mol.% Li2O, and greater than or equal to 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.% Na2O.

[0177] According to aspect 54, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 53, wherein the composition of said component contains greater than or equal to 0.000 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.020 mol.% Cr2O3, and wherein said composition of said component is substantially free of B2O3, substantially free of Na2O, substantially free of SiO2 and substantially free of ZnO.

[0178] According to aspect 55, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 54, wherein the composition of said component satisfies the following condition: P2O5 / (TiO2 + Nb2O5) [mol.%] ≥ 0.45.

[0179] According to the glass of aspects 56 and 55, the composition of said component satisfies the following condition: P2O5 / (TiO2 + Nb2O5) [mol.%] ≥ 0.47.

[0180] According to the glass of aspects 57 and 56, the composition of said component satisfies the following condition: P2O5 / (TiO2 + Nb2O5) [mol.%] ≥ 0.49.

[0181] According to aspects 58 and 57, the composition of the components satisfies the following condition: P2O5 / (TiO2 + Nb2O5) [mol.%] ≥ 0.51.

[0182] According to aspects 59 and 58, the glass wherein the composition of the components satisfies the following condition: P2O5 / (TiO2 + Nb2O5) [mol.%] ≥ 0.53.

[0183] According to the sixtieth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 59, wherein the glass satisfies the following condition: P n > 1.9300.

[0184] According to aspect sixty-one, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 60, wherein the glass has a refractive index n at 587.56 nm greater than or equal to 1.9300. d .

[0185] According to aspect sixty-two, the glass described in aspect sixty-one, wherein the glass has a refractive index n at 587.56 nm greater than or equal to 1.9550. d .

[0186] According to aspect 63, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 62, wherein the glass satisfies the following condition: P d < 3.70.

[0187] According to aspect sixty-four, the glass described in aspect sixty-three, wherein the glass satisfies the following condition: P d <3.60.

[0188] According to aspect 65, the glass described in aspect 64, wherein the glass satisfies the following condition: P d <3.50.

[0189] According to aspect sixty-six, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 65, wherein the glass has a content of less than or equal to 3.70 g / cm³. 3 Density d at room temperature RT .

[0190] According to aspect sixty-seven, the glass described in aspect sixty-six, wherein the glass has a content of less than or equal to 3.60 g / cm³. 3Density d at room temperature RT .

[0191] According to aspect 68, the glass described in aspect 67, wherein the glass has a content of less than or equal to 3.50 g / cm³. 3 Density d at room temperature RT .

[0192] According to aspect sixty-nine, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 68, wherein the glass satisfies the following condition: P ref > 0.24, where P ref It is the refractive parameter, which is calculated according to formula (IV) from the glass composition in mol.% of the stated components:

[0193]

[0194] The asterisk (*) indicates multiplication.

[0195] According to the seventieth aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 69, wherein the glass has a refractive index to density ratio (“refractive index”) greater than or equal to 0.24 (n d -1) / d RT .

[0196] According to aspect seventy-one, the glass described in aspect seventy, wherein the glass has a refractive index to density ratio (“refractive index”) greater than or equal to 0.25 (n d -1) / d RT .

[0197] According to aspect seventy-two, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 71, wherein the glass satisfies the following condition: P ν < 18.50, where P ν It is the dispersion parameter, which is calculated according to formula (III) from the glass composition in mol.% of the components:

[0198]

[0199] The asterisk (*) indicates multiplication.

[0200] According to aspect 73, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 72, wherein the glass has an Abbe number ν less than or equal to 18.50. d .

[0201] According to aspect 74, the glass described in aspect 73, wherein the glass has an Abbe number ν less than or equal to 18.25. d .

[0202] According to aspects 75 and 74, the glass has an Abbe number ν less than or equal to 18.00. d .

[0203] According to aspects 76 and 75, the glass has an Abbe number ν of less than or equal to 17.75. d .

[0204] According to aspect seventy-seven, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 76, wherein the glass has a liquidus temperature T less than or equal to 1125°C. liq .

[0205] According to aspect 78, the glass described in aspect 77, wherein the glass has a liquidus temperature T less than or equal to 1100°C. liq .

[0206] According to aspect 79, the glass described in aspect 78, wherein the glass has a liquidus temperature T less than or equal to 1075°C. liq .

[0207] According to the 80th aspect, the glass of any one of aspects 1 to 79, wherein the glass has a glass transition temperature T greater than or equal to 620°C. g .

[0208] According to aspect 81, the glass described in aspect 80, wherein the glass has a glass transition temperature T greater than or equal to 640°C. g .

[0209] According to aspect 82, the glass described in aspect 81, wherein the glass has a glass transition temperature T greater than or equal to 650°C. g .

[0210] According to aspect 83, a method for manufacturing an optical element, the method comprising processing glass, wherein the glass is any one of aspects 1 to 82.

[0211] According to aspect 84, an optical element comprising glass, wherein the glass is the glass described in any one of aspects 1 to 83.

[0212] Many variations and modifications may be made to the above embodiments of this disclosure without substantially departing from the spirit and principles thereof. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure and are protected by the following claims.

[0213] To the extent not yet described, the various features of the various aspects of this disclosure may be combined with each other as needed. The absence of a specific feature explicitly stated or described with respect to each aspect of this disclosure is not to be construed as meaning that the stated feature is unachievable, but rather for the sake of brevity. Therefore, various features of different aspects may be mixed and matched as needed to form new aspects, regardless of whether the new aspects are explicitly disclosed.

Claims

1. A glass comprising a plurality of components, wherein the composition of the components of the glass comprises: ● Greater than or equal to 25.5 mol.% P2O5, ● ≥ 20.0 mol.% Nb₂O₅ ● ≥0.5 mol.% and ≤40.0 mol.% TiO2, ●Li₂O concentration greater than or equal to 0.1 mol.% and less than or equal to 8.0 mol.% ●The total amount of Na₂O + K₂O is greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 30.0 mol.%. ● The total amount of FeO + Fe2O3 is greater than or equal to 0.000 mol.% and less than or equal to 0.020 mol.%. ●Optionally includes one or more components selected from the following: Al2O3, B2O3, BaO, Bi2O3, CaO, CdO, Cs2O, GeO2, La2O3, MgO, MoO3, PbO, SiO2, SrO, Ta2O5, TeO2, WO3, ZrO2, Ga2O3, and ZnO. The composition of the components therein ●Very little to no V2O5, And the composition of said component satisfies the following conditions: ●P₂O₅ / (TiO₂ + Nb₂O₅) [mol.%] ≥ 0.30 and ●K2O - Na2O [mol.%]≥ 0.000, And the glass described therein satisfies the following conditions: ●P n > 1.9000 and ●P d < 3.80， in ●P n It is the refractive index parameter, which is calculated according to formula (I) from the glass composition in mol.% of the stated components: ●P d It is the density parameter, which is calculated according to formula (II) from the glass composition in mol.% of the components: The asterisk (*) indicates multiplication.

2. The glass according to claim 1, wherein the composition of the component comprises ● Greater than or equal to 27.5 mol.% P2O5.

3. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the composition of said component comprises ● Less than or equal to 32.0 mol.% P2O5.

4. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composition of said component comprises ● Greater than or equal to 13.0 mol.% TiO2.

5. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the composition of said component comprises ● Less than or equal to 36.0 mol.% TiO2.

6. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composition of said component comprises ● Greater than or equal to 24.0 mol.% Nb2O5.

7. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the composition of said component comprises Less than or equal to 44.0 mol.% Nb2O5.

8. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the composition of said component comprises ●The total amount of Li₂O + Na₂O + K₂O is greater than or equal to 10.0 mol.%.

9. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the composition of said component comprises two or more of Li2O, Na2O and K2O.

10. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the composition of said component satisfies the following condition: ●K₂O - Na₂O [mol.%] ≥ 0.50 and ●Li2O - Na2O [mol.%]≥ 0.

50.

11. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the composition of said component comprises a total of more than or equal to 3.0 mol.% of CaO + SrO + BaO.

12. The glass according to any one of claims 1, 3, and 7 to 11, wherein the composition of said component comprises ● P₂O₅ concentration greater than or equal to 25.5 mol.% and less than or equal to 29.0 mol.% ● ≥20.0 mol.% and ≤35.0 mol.% Nb2O5, ● ≥10.0 mol.% and ≤40.0 mol.% TiO2, ● 5.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 15.0 mol.% K₂O ●Li₂O concentration greater than or equal to 1.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.5 mol.% ● ≥0.0 mol.% and ≤10.0 mol.% BaO, and ● ≥0.0 mol.% and ≤2.0 mol.% ZnO.

13. The glass according to any one of claims 1, 3, 4 and 7 to 11, wherein the composition of said component comprises ● P₂O₅ concentration greater than or equal to 26.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 32.0 mol.% ● ≥20.0 mol.% and ≤42.0 mol.% Nb2O5, ● ≥13.0 mol.% and ≤38.4 mol.% TiO2, ● ≥2.00 mol.% and ≤15.0 mol.% K₂O, ● ≥0.00 mol.% and ≤11.0 mol.% BaO, ● Li₂O with a content greater than or equal to 1.00 mol.% and less than or equal to 5.00 mol.% and ● 0.0 mol.% and less than or equal to 2.0 mol.% Na2O.

14. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the composition of said component satisfies the following condition: ●P2O5 / (TiO2 + Nb2O5) [mol.%]≥ 0.

45.

15. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the glass satisfies the following condition: ●P n ≥ 1.9300。 16. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the glass satisfies the following condition: ●P d < 3.70。 17. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the glass satisfies the following condition: ●P ref > 0.24， in ●P ref It is the refractive parameter, which is calculated according to formula (IV) from the glass composition in mol.% of the stated components: The asterisk (*) indicates multiplication.

18. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the glass satisfies the following condition: ●P ν < 18.50， in ●P ν It is the dispersion parameter, which is calculated according to formula (III) from the glass composition in mol.% of the components: The asterisk (*) indicates multiplication.

19. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the glass has a liquidus temperature T of less than or equal to 1125°C. liq .

20. The glass according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the glass contains less than or equal to 5.0 ppm Pt.

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