System and method for weather modeling

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and method for meteorological modeling. The method comprises determining a geographical position of a vehicle (22, 24, 26) based on signal data, determining an atmospheric delay of a navigation satellite system signal (5) between a navigation satellite (2) and a client node (300) provided to the vehicle (22, 24, 26) based on the signal data, calculating an atmospheric parameter between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) provided to the vehicle (22, 24, 26), and associating the determined geographical position of the vehicle (22, 24, 26) with the calculated atmospheric parameter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a system for meteorological modeling, and more particularly to the system described in the preamble of claim 1. This invention also relates to a method for meteorological modeling, and more particularly to the method described in the preamble of claim 15. Background Technology

[0002] Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) meteorology is a concept used to calculate the GNSS signal delay between a navigation satellite and a GNSS receiver, and to derive atmospheric parameters from this delay. Typically, water vapor causes the greatest variation in this signal delay. Similarly, changes in temperature and pressure also cause variations in GNSS signal delay. In the context of GPS satellite navigation systems, GNSS meteorology is referred to as GPS meteorology.

[0003] In existing technologies, meteorological calculations of atmospheric parameters (such as atmospheric refractive index, humidity, temperature, or air pressure) based on navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites are typically performed at GPS / GNSS ground stations, dedicated meteorological stations, or other very limited networks of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reference stations. These GNSS receiver networks are configured to receive raw navigation satellite system signal data, such as code pseudorange and carrier phase observations. As GNSS receivers have become increasingly inexpensive and widespread, a vast amount of potential raw navigation satellite system signal data is currently largely underutilized and often not even stored, although most GNSS receivers readily obtain this data as output. Typically, navigation output messages containing time and location data are stored and used, while the raw satellite system data containing more detailed information about the GNSS signals is only used as intermediate data in the GNSS receiver to generate navigation output messages that have undergone further processing, and is then immediately discarded. By storing and utilizing detailed signal data from the raw data, Global Navigation Satellite Systems can be used in meteorological fields beyond primary purposes such as positioning and timing. Code and carrier phase observations from signals from specific navigation satellites can be used, along with external correction data, to assess atmospheric refractive index and detailed meteorological parameters such as water vapor, temperature, and air pressure.

[0004] One problem with existing technologies is that weather forecasting (typically using numerical weather prediction models) requires not only navigation satellite system signals but also a large amount of meteorological data from numerous local meteorological sensors and atmospheric sounders to generate forecasts with sufficient predictive skill. Due to limited geographical coverage, the meteorological data currently obtained from GNSS meteorology is insufficient to efficiently and accurately determine three-dimensional meteorological models and forecasts, as well as local forecasts. In other words, GNSS meteorology remains just one of many other measurement data inputs, and therefore its benefits are currently limited. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a system and method for meteorological modeling to address or at least reduce the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0006] The object of this invention is achieved by a system for meteorological modeling, characterized by the content described in independent claim 1. The object of this invention is also achieved by a method for meteorological modeling, characterized by the content described in independent claim 15.

[0007] Preferred embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in the dependent claims.

[0008] This invention is based on the following concept: providing a system for meteorological modeling, the system comprising a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the GNSS including a space segment with navigation satellites, a control segment with ground satellite stations, and a client segment with multiple navigation satellite signal receiving client nodes. The client segment includes multiple vehicles, each vehicle including a vehicle network node, which includes a vehicle communication module and a vehicle control module. The vehicle communication module is configured to perform data exchange between the vehicle and the network, and the vehicle control module is configured to control the data exchange via the vehicle communication module and control the operation of the vehicle network node. Each vehicle also includes a navigation satellite signal receiving client node, which includes a navigation satellite system module configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from the GNSS navigation satellites and generate signal data based on the received navigation satellite system signals. The system is further configured to determine the geographical location of the vehicles based on the signal data. The vehicle network node is configured to receive signal data from the client nodes, and the vehicle communication module of the vehicle network node is configured to transmit the signal data received from the client nodes within the network.

[0009] The system also includes a meteorological modeling module, which is configured as follows: - Based on the signal data, determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node provided to the vehicle. - Based on the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the identified navigation satellite and the client node provided to the vehicle, calculate the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node provided to the vehicle. - Correlate the vehicle's position with calculated atmospheric parameters between navigation satellites and the client nodes provided to the vehicle, the vehicle's position being determined based on the signal data, and - Determine atmospheric parameters in the direction between the navigation satellite and the geographical location of the determined vehicle.

[0010] In this application, the term atmospheric delay includes ionospheric delay, tropospheric delay, or a combination of ionospheric delay and tropospheric delay.

[0011] In the context of this application, tropospheric delay includes tropospheric delay and lower stratospheric delay caused by dry gases, water vapor and clouds.

[0012] The lower stratospheric delay is much smaller than the tropospheric delay.

[0013] It should be noted that this invention is not intended to calculate atmospheric delay, tropospheric delay, ionospheric delay, and / or stratospheric delay itself. These delay calculations are generally known.

[0014] This invention transforms a vehicle into a mobile weather station by utilizing both a communication node and a client node. The client node and its signal data enable both the determination of the vehicle's geographical location and the calculation of atmospheric parameters at that location.

[0015] Because of the existence of numerous independent modes of transportation (e.g., automobiles), this invention also provides a large number of independent meteorological data sources. Furthermore, this invention enables meteorological modeling in areas without weather stations (e.g., using ships sailing at sea).

[0016] This invention also enables the provision of three-dimensional local weather forecasts and measurements by utilizing navigation satellite systems and vehicles.

[0017] In some implementations, the client node is configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites during a vehicle's motion session, which includes the vehicle's travel from a starting position to an ending position.

[0018] During a motion session, the vehicle is in use. Furthermore, during a motion session, the vehicle may be in continuous motion, or it may move between the starting and ending positions and may also temporarily stop.

[0019] In some implementations, the vehicle's client nodes are configured to determine the vehicle's location based on signal data or on received navigation satellite system signals. This allows the determined location to be used within the vehicle for any purpose (e.g., navigation) without having to determine the location multiple times from the same signal data.

[0020] Therefore, the signal data received from the client node in the vehicle network node includes the determined geographical location of the vehicle, and the vehicle communication module of the vehicle network node is configured to transmit signal data including the determined geographical location of the vehicle.

[0021] In some other implementations, the vehicle network nodes are configured to determine the vehicle's location based on signal data. This enables centralized data processing.

[0022] Therefore, the vehicle communication module of the vehicle network node is configured to transmit signal data including the geographical location of the determined vehicle.

[0023] In some further embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the location of vehicles based on signal data. This allows raw signal data to be provided to the meteorological modeling module, and all calculations used for meteorological modeling can be performed by the meteorological modeling module.

[0024] In some implementations, the meteorological modeling module is configured as follows: - Select a measurement segment in the signal data. - Determine the geographical location of the vehicle based on selected measurement segments of signal data. - Based on selected measurement segments of signal data, determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the navigation satellite and the client node provided to the vehicle, and - Calculate the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the determined navigation satellite and the client node provided to the vehicle.

[0025] Therefore, the geographical location of the vehicle is determined and atmospheric parameters are calculated based on the same selected measurement segment of the signal data.

[0026] The meteorological modeling module is configured to select one or more measurement segments in the signal data.

[0027] The meteorological modeling module is configured to select one or more measurement segments from the signal data based on predetermined selection criteria.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, the calculation of atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node is based on a selection criterion.

[0029] The selection criteria include selection time criteria and / or selection location criteria.

[0030] The selection time standard includes a predetermined standard, which includes a time definition that defines the time or time interval used to select one or more measurement segments in the signal data.

[0031] The selection criteria include predetermined criteria, which include a location definition that defines the vehicle location or vehicle travel distance for selecting one or more measurement segments in signal data.

[0032] In some implementations, the meteorological modeling module is configured to select two or more measurement segments from the signal data based on predetermined time intervals, and to calculate atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node and determine the geographical location of the vehicle based on the selected two or more measurement segments of the signal, respectively. The selection time standard includes one or more predetermined time intervals.

[0033] Therefore, the system or the meteorological modeling module is configured to calculate time, and when the calculated time corresponds to the predetermined time interval, to select one or more measurement segments in the signal data.

[0034] In some other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to select one or more measurement segments from signal data based on one or more predetermined time points, and to calculate atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node and determine the geographical location of the vehicle based on the selected one or more measurement segments of the signal, respectively. The selection time standard includes one or more predetermined time points.

[0035] Therefore, the system or the meteorological modeling module is configured to monitor time or clock, and when the monitored time or clock corresponds to the predetermined time point, select one or more measurement segments in the signal data.

[0036] In some further embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to select one or more measurement segments in signal data based on one or more predetermined distances traveled along the vehicle, and to calculate atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node and determine the vehicle's geographical location based on the selected one or more measurement segments of the signal, respectively. The location selection criteria include one or more predetermined distances.

[0037] Therefore, the system or meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the vehicle's position during movement and calculate the vehicle's travel distance based on the determined position, thereby tracking the vehicle's movement. When the calculated travel distance corresponds to a predetermined distance, the system or meteorological modeling module selects one or more measurement segments from the signal data.

[0038] In some further embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to select one or more measurement segments in signal data based on one or more predetermined geographical locations along the movement of the vehicle, and to calculate atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node and determine the geographical location of the vehicle based on the selected one or more measurement segments of the signal, respectively. The selection criteria include one or more predetermined geographical locations.

[0039] Therefore, the system or the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine a location to track the movement of a vehicle. When the determined location of the vehicle corresponds to a predetermined geographical location, the system or the meteorological modeling module selects one or more measurement segments from the signal data.

[0040] The measurement segment in the signal data corresponds to the duration of the navigation satellite signal received from the navigation satellite in the navigation satellite receiver.

[0041] In some implementations, the measurement segments in the signal data are configured to correspond to the refresh rate of the navigation satellite receiver. The refresh rate may be, for example, 1 Hz (once per second), or 10 Hz (ten times per second), or 0.1 Hz (once every 10 seconds). The refresh rate can be between 0.01 Hz and 10 Hz.

[0042] In some implementations, the measurement segments in the signal data are multiples of the navigation satellite receiver refresh rate.

[0043] In some implementations, the duration of the measurement segment in the signal data is between 0.1 seconds and 60 seconds, or between 1 second and 10 seconds, or between 1 second and 5 seconds.

[0044] When the duration of the measurement segment in the signal data is a multiple of or longer than the navigation satellite receiver refresh rate, or is between 0.1 seconds and 60 seconds, the determined geographical location of the vehicle is calculated as the average geographical location of the vehicle during the measurement segment of the signal data, and the calculated atmospheric parameters are calculated as the average atmospheric parameters during the measurement segment of the signal data.

[0045] In some implementations, the client node is an integrated module of a transportation network node, and the transportation network node is configured to receive signal data directly from the client node.

[0046] In some other embodiments, the client node and the vehicle network node are disposed as independent device units in the vehicle, and the client node is connected to the vehicle network node via a data transmission connection, and the vehicle network node is configured to receive signal data directly from the client node via the data transmission connection.

[0047] In some implementations, the vehicle includes a power unit, and the vehicle network node and the client node are independently arranged to be powered by the power unit. This allows operating power to be supplied directly from the vehicle's power unit to both the vehicle network node and the client node.

[0048] In some other embodiments, the vehicle includes a power supply unit, and the vehicle network node is arranged in a power supply connection with the power supply unit, and the client node is connected to the vehicle network node via a client power connection. Therefore, the client node is arranged to receive power from the vehicle network node.

[0049] In some embodiments, the vehicle communication module of the vehicle network node is configured to perform data exchange between the vehicle and the network, and the network includes one or more of the following: an infrastructure network, one or more other vehicles equipped with vehicle communication modules, external devices, and communication satellites.

[0050] Therefore, the vehicle communication module can be configured to include infrastructure network communication elements for providing data exchange connectivity with the infrastructure network.

[0051] Furthermore, the vehicle communication module can be configured to include vehicle-to-vehicle communication elements for providing data exchange connections between vehicles.

[0052] Furthermore, the vehicle communication module can be configured to include device communication elements for providing data exchange connectivity with external devices (such as infrastructure devices, road warning devices, smartphones, etc.). The external devices can also be configured to further exchange data with the infrastructure network.

[0053] In some implementations, the infrastructure network is a telecommunications network.

[0054] In some other implementations, the infrastructure network is a telecommunications network, and the external device is configured to have a data exchange connection with the telecommunications network.

[0055] In some other embodiments, the infrastructure network is a mobile telecommunications network, including mobile telecommunications network base stations that serve as infrastructure network stations located at fixed geographical locations.

[0056] In some further embodiments, the infrastructure network is a 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, or 7G or higher version of a telecommunications network, including telecommunications network base stations as infrastructure network stations located at fixed geographical locations.

[0057] Telecommunications networks provide wide-area coverage and dense networks with a large number of infrastructure network stations or base stations and infrastructure network nodes.

[0058] In some embodiments, the infrastructure network is an energy infrastructure network, including an energy control base station as an infrastructure network station located at a fixed geographical location; or a road or railway infrastructure network, including a road control base station as an infrastructure network station located at a fixed geographical location; or a lighting infrastructure network, including a lighting control base station as an infrastructure network station located at a fixed geographical location.

[0059] In some implementations, the infrastructure network is a mobile client infrastructure network, including mobile infrastructure network stations; or a transportation infrastructure network, including transportation infrastructure network stations.

[0060] Mobile client infrastructure networks also provide variable coverage in geographical areas lacking fixed infrastructure networks.

[0061] In some implementations, the infrastructure network is a multi-client infrastructure network, including fixed infrastructure network stations located at fixed geographical locations and mobile infrastructure network stations.

[0062] Multi-client infrastructure networks can utilize both fixed infrastructure stations and mobile infrastructure stations.

[0063] In some other embodiments, the infrastructure network is a mobile telecommunications network, including mobile telecommunications network base stations that serve as infrastructure network stations located at fixed geographical locations.

[0064] In some further embodiments, the infrastructure network is a 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, or 7G or higher version of a telecommunications network, including telecommunications network base stations.

[0065] In some implementations, the system includes two or more different navigation satellite systems, and the navigation satellite system module includes a multi-system navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites of two or more navigation satellite systems.

[0066] In some other embodiments, the system includes two or more different navigation satellite systems, and the navigation satellite system module includes: a first navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites of the first navigation satellite system; and a second navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites of the second navigation satellite system.

[0067] Better coverage can be achieved by using two or more different navigation satellite systems.

[0068] The navigation satellite system module includes at least one navigation satellite system receiver.

[0069] In some implementations, the navigation satellite system receiver is a single-frequency navigation satellite system receiver, configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites on a single frequency.

[0070] In some implementations, the navigation satellite system receiver is a single-frequency navigation satellite system receiver, configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites at at least two different frequencies.

[0071] In some other embodiments, the navigation satellite system receiver is a dual-frequency navigation satellite system receiver, configured to receive navigation satellite system signals having a first frequency and navigation satellite system signals having a second frequency.

[0072] In some further embodiments, the navigation satellite system receiver is a multi-frequency navigation satellite system receiver, configured to receive navigation satellite system signals on multiple different frequencies.

[0073] In another embodiment, the navigation satellite system module includes: a first frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals having a first frequency; and a second frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals having a second frequency.

[0074] Using two or more frequencies from navigation satellites from a navigation satellite system, it is possible to perform theoretical calculations of ionospheric delay that depends on the signal frequency.

[0075] Ionospheric delay is closely related to the electron count in space plasma within the ionosphere. By determining the electron count through processing the ionospheric delay, it can be used to monitor space weather.

[0076] In some implementations, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node based on navigation satellite signals at a first frequency and navigation satellite system signals at a second frequency from the navigation satellite.

[0077] In some other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node based on navigation satellite system signals of different frequencies from the navigation satellite.

[0078] In some implementations, the vehicle control module is configured to control the timing, or synchronization, or timing and synchronization of the vehicle's vehicle network nodes based on signal data received from the client node.

[0079] In some other embodiments, the client node is configured to generate a navigation output message based on the received navigation satellite signals, the vehicle network node is configured to receive the navigation output message from the client node, and the vehicle control module is configured to control the timing, or synchronization, or timing and synchronization of the vehicle network node based on the generated navigation output message.

[0080] The system is configured to use the navigation output messages to determine the geographical location of the vehicle.

[0081] In some implementations, the client node is configured to generate a signal feature output message, and the meteorological modeling module is configured to calculate the atmospheric delay based on the signal feature output message generated by the client node.

[0082] The signal characteristics include the signal characteristics of the received navigation satellite system signals and / or the raw data of the received navigation satellite system signals.

[0083] Therefore, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the delay using the signal characteristics of navigation satellite system signals, or raw data, or signal characteristic output messages.

[0084] Therefore, the system is configured to determine the delay and calculate the atmospheric parameters, as well as determine the geographical location of the vehicle, by utilizing different elements of the navigation satellite system signal or different output messages or output data of the client node.

[0085] The signal data includes the signal feature output message and / or navigation output message.

[0086] In some implementations, the meteorological modeling module is provided to the client node. The signal data received by the vehicle network node includes calculated atmospheric parameters, and the vehicle communication module of the vehicle network node is configured to transmit signal data including the atmospheric parameters in the network.

[0087] This makes it possible to set up vehicles as distributed weather stations.

[0088] In some other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is provided to the vehicle network node, and the vehicle communication module of the vehicle network node is configured to transmit signal data including the atmospheric parameters in the network.

[0089] This enables distributed computation of atmospheric parameters using network nodes of transportation vehicles.

[0090] In some further embodiments, the system includes an external meteorological modeling server arranged to have a data exchange connection with a vehicle network node of the vehicle. The meteorological modeling module is provided to the external meteorological modeling server, and the external meteorological modeling server is configured to receive signal data from the vehicle network node via the network.

[0091] This enables the collection of signal data from multiple vehicles and the efficient calculation of atmospheric parameters. It also allows for a reduction in the amount of data transmitted.

[0092] In some further embodiments, the system is provided as a distributed system, wherein the meteorological modeling module and its operation are distributed among at least two of the following: client nodes, vehicle network nodes, and an external meteorological modeling server arranged to have a data exchange connection with the vehicle network nodes.

[0093] Distributed systems enable efficient data processing.

[0094] In some further embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is distributed among the vehicle network nodes or in the client nodes in such a way that the GNSS signal delay of interest is calculated in the vehicle network nodes and / or client nodes, while atmospheric parameters or multiple atmospheric parameters are derived or calculated in the meteorological modeling module provided to an external meteorological modeling server.

[0095] The ionosphere is the dispersive medium for electromagnetic radiation at relevant frequencies. Different GNSS signal frequencies experience different signal delays according to well-known frequency correlation formulas. Therefore, if a GNSS receiver, which constitutes part of a navigation satellite system module, receives GNSS signals at two or more frequencies, the ionospheric delay can be removed from the calculations. This allows the calculation of tropospheric GNSS signal delays. These delays are called tropospheric delays. Zenith tropospheric delay is the delay experienced by the GNSS signal from the zenith navigation satellite above the GNSS receiver. On the other hand, tilt delay refers to GNSS signal delay where the signal path between the navigation satellite and the GNSS receiver is tilted.

[0096] GNSS tomography, or Global Navigation Satellite System tomography, is a method in which a three-dimensional field of one or more atmospheric parameters is derived using multiple tilt delays in an algorithm. Typically, this algorithm employs mathematical inversion. The target atmospheric region (whether geographically finite or global) can be, for example, divided into grids, and when a sufficient number of tilt delays are known, the atmospheric refractive index at each grid point can be derived using mathematical inversion methods. Such methods often employ some form of optimization. Since water vapor causes the greatest variation in GNSS signal delay over time, a common approach is to utilize meteorological surface data from measurements or modeling, assuming standard atmospheric conditions in terms of pressure and humidity, and then derive the water vapor field using the refractive index field obtained from GNSS tomography. This so-called tropospheric wet delay may also include components from liquid and / or solid water (ice). When examining the contribution of water vapor to the zenith signal delay, it is referred to as the zenith wet delay. Liquid water and ice can also be solved in the algorithm by using, for example, radar, satellite, or radiosonde data combined with GNSS tomography algorithms. With the application of further measurement data and / or assumptions, the three-dimensional temperature and pressure distributions can also be derived, and the wind can be derived by tracking the changes in the derived atmospheric refractive index, water vapor, temperature, and pressure fields over time.

[0097] In typical applications, the zenith tropospheric delay is derived from multiple tilt delays using a specialized algorithm. This is because there is usually no navigation satellite directly above the GNSS receiver. Therefore, multiple tilt delays are needed to calculate the zenith tropospheric delay, which is calculated for a hypothetical satellite in the zenith above the GNSS receiver at a given point in time.

[0098] In some implementations, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the navigation satellite signal received in the navigation satellite system module.

[0099] In some other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the tropospheric delay of navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on navigation satellite system signals received in the navigation satellite system module.

[0100] In some further embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the navigation satellite signal received in the navigation satellite system module, and further determine the wet delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the determined tropospheric delay.

[0101] In another embodiment, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on the navigation satellite system signals received in the navigation satellite system module, and further determine the wet delay of the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on the determined tropospheric delay.

[0102] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the signal delay of navigation satellite signals between the navigation satellites and the vehicle network nodes using radio occultation techniques, based on navigation satellite signals received in the navigation satellite system module, during the movement of the navigation satellites relative to one or more client nodes. Radio occultation techniques can be used, for example, with vehicle network nodes located at high altitudes, such as aircraft. Radio occultation techniques can also be used, for example, with vehicle network nodes located at high altitudes with good horizontal visibility (e.g., mountainous areas, tall buildings, or coastal areas). In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to perform Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tomography between two or more navigation satellites and one or more vehicle network nodes, based on navigation satellite system signals received in one or more vehicle network nodes.

[0103] In some implementations, the global navigation satellite system tomography includes: determining atmospheric delays between two or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes respectively provided to one or more vehicles; and calculating one or more atmospheric parameters between the two or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes based on the determined atmospheric delays.

[0104] In some alternative implementations, the meteorological modeling module is configured to perform Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tomography between two or more navigation satellites and the client nodes, based on GNSS signals received in one or more client nodes of one or more vehicles.

[0105] In some implementations, the global navigation satellite system tomography includes: determining atmospheric delays between two or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes; and calculating one or more atmospheric parameters between the two or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes based on the determined atmospheric delays.

[0106] In some other embodiments, the global navigation satellite system tomography includes: determining atmospheric delays between two or more navigation satellites and the client node; and calculating one or more atmospheric parameters between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on the determined atmospheric delays.

[0107] In some implementations, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the three-dimensional distribution of one or more atmospheric parameters in the atmosphere through Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tomography based on GNSS signals received from two or more navigation satellites in the GNSS modules of one or more client nodes.

[0108] In some other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the three-dimensional distribution of one or more atmospheric parameters in the atmosphere through Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tomography based on GNSS signals received from two or more navigation satellites in the GNSS module of the client node.

[0109] In some implementations, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the three-dimensional distribution of one or more atmospheric parameters in the atmosphere through Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tomography based on GNSS signals received from two or more navigation satellites in the GNSS module of the client node in the vehicle.

[0110] In some implementations, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the three-dimensional water vapor distribution in the atmosphere through Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tomography based on GNSS signals received from two or more navigation satellites in the GNSS module of the client node.

[0111] In some implementations, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the three-dimensional atmospheric refractive index distribution in the atmosphere through Global Navigation Satellite System tomography based on the tilt delay of navigation satellite system signals between two or more identified navigation satellites and the client node.

[0112] In some embodiments, the system includes one or more atmospheric sensors arranged in a communicative connection to the meteorological modeling module. The meteorological modeling module is configured to receive atmospheric measurement data from the one or more atmospheric sensors. The meteorological modeling module is also configured to determine the three-dimensional distribution of one or more atmospheric parameters in the atmosphere based on the navigation satellite system signals and the atmospheric measurement data from the one or more atmospheric sensors.

[0113] In some embodiments, the one or more atmospheric sensors are provided to or supported on the vehicle.

[0114] In some embodiments, the one or more atmospheric sensors are provided or supported as independent atmospheric sensors, located at a predetermined geographical location, and arranged to be in a data transmission connection with the network or the vehicle communication module of the vehicle.

[0115] The one or more atmospheric sensors include one or more of the following: temperature sensor, pressure sensor, humidity sensor, wind sensor, and optical sensor.

[0116] In some further embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the three-dimensional distribution of one or more of the following atmospheric parameters by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tomography based on the tilt delay of the GNSS signals between the identified two or more navigation satellites and the client node: atmospheric refractive index, water vapor, liquid water, ice, temperature, pressure, and wind.

[0117] In some implementations, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the three-dimensional water vapor distribution in the atmosphere through Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tomography based on the tropospheric delay or wet delay of the GNSS signals between two or more identified navigation satellites and the client node.

[0118] In some embodiments, the atmospheric parameters are one or more of the following: water vapor, liquid water, atmospheric refractive index, ice, temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind.

[0119] In some implementations, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the navigation satellite and two or more client nodes of two or more vehicles, and to calculate atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the two or more client nodes based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the navigation satellite and the two or more client nodes.

[0120] In some other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the atmospheric delay of navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and the client node, and to calculate atmospheric parameters between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node.

[0121] In some further embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the atmospheric delay of navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and two or more client nodes of two or more vehicles, and to calculate atmospheric parameters between the two or more navigation satellites and the two or more client nodes based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the two or more client nodes.

[0122] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the atmospheric delay of navigation satellite system signals between one or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes of one or more vehicles located in a predetermined geographical area, and to calculate atmospheric parameters between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more client nodes located in the predetermined geographical area based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signals between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more client nodes. The vehicles in the predetermined geographical area are identified based on the determined geographical location of the vehicles. The system or the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the predetermined geographical area, or is configured to determine the predetermined geographical area based on regional information received in the system or in the meteorological modeling module.

[0123] In some embodiments, the atmospheric delay includes ionospheric delay and tropospheric delay.

[0124] In some other embodiments, the atmospheric delay includes only the tropospheric delay.

[0125] In some further embodiments, the atmospheric delay includes only the ionospheric delay.

[0126] In some implementations, the meteorological modeling module is configured to calculate the theoretical ionospheric delay based on navigation satellite system signals with a first frequency and navigation satellite system signals with a second frequency received from the navigation satellite at the client node.

[0127] In some other embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the overall atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node, calculate the theoretical ionospheric delay based on the navigation satellite system signal with a first frequency and the navigation satellite system signal with a second frequency received from the navigation satellite at the client node, subtract the theoretical ionospheric delay from the overall atmospheric delay to generate an ionospheric delay-free navigation satellite system signal, and determine the tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal based on the ionospheric delay-free navigation satellite system signal.

[0128] In some further embodiments, the meteorological modeling module is configured to determine the overall atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node, calculate the theoretical ionospheric delay based on the navigation satellite system signal with a first frequency and the navigation satellite system signal with a second frequency received from the navigation satellite at the client node, subtract the theoretical ionospheric delay from the overall atmospheric delay to generate an ionospheric delay-free navigation satellite system signal, determine the tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal based on the ionospheric delay-free navigation satellite system signal, and determine the effective ionospheric delay by subtracting the determined tropospheric delay from the overall atmospheric delay.

[0129] The means of transportation are cars, airplanes, ships, or trains.

[0130] The system is configured to perform the methods disclosed below.

[0131] This invention is also based on the following concept: providing a method for meteorological modeling. This method utilizes multiple vehicles. Each vehicle includes a vehicle network node, which comprises a vehicle communication module and a vehicle control module. The vehicle communication module is configured to perform data exchange between the vehicle and the network, and the vehicle control module is configured to control the data exchange via the vehicle communication module and control the operation of the vehicle network node. The vehicles also include navigation satellite signal receiving client nodes, which include a navigation satellite system module configured to receive navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and generate signal data based on the received navigation satellite system signals.

[0132] The method includes: performing data exchange in the network between vehicle network nodes of the network; receiving navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites of the Global Navigation Satellite System at a navigation satellite signal receiving client node of the vehicle; and generating signal data based on the received navigation satellite signals at the client node. The method further includes receiving signal data from the client node at the vehicle network node and transmitting the signal data in the network using a vehicle communication module of the vehicle network node.

[0133] The method further includes: - Determine the geographical location of the vehicle based on the signal data. - Based on the signal data, determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the navigation satellite and the client node provided to the vehicle. - Based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the navigation satellite and the client node provided to the vehicle, calculate the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node. - Correlate the determined geographical location of the vehicle with the calculated atmospheric parameters, and - Determine atmospheric parameters in the direction between the navigation satellite and the determined geographical location of the vehicle.

[0134] In some implementations, the method is performed during a motion session, which includes the vehicle's travel from a geographic starting point to a geographic ending point. Therefore, the method is performed during the use of the vehicle.

[0135] The method includes selecting one or more measurement segments from the signal data.

[0136] In some embodiments, the method includes: - Select a measurement segment from the signal data. - Determine the geographical location of the vehicle based on selected measurement segments of the signal data. - Based on selected measurement segments of the signal data, determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the navigation satellite and the client node provided to the vehicle, and - Calculate the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the navigation satellite and the client node provided to the vehicle.

[0137] In some implementations, the method includes selecting one or more measurement segments from the signal data based on predetermined selection criteria.

[0138] In some embodiments of the present invention, the calculation of atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node is based on a selection criterion.

[0139] The selection criteria include selection time criteria and / or selection location criteria.

[0140] The selection time standard includes a predetermined standard, which includes a time definition that defines the time or time interval used to select one or more measurement segments in the signal data.

[0141] The selection criteria include predetermined criteria, which include a location definition that defines the vehicle location or vehicle travel distance for selecting the one or more measurement segments in the signal data.

[0142] In some implementations, the method includes selecting two or more measurement segments from the signal data based on predetermined time intervals, and calculating atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node and determining the geographical location of the vehicle based on the selected two or more measurement segments of the signal, respectively. The selection time standard includes one or more predetermined time intervals.

[0143] The predetermined time interval can be, for example, a time interval between 1 second, 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, or 1 second to 1 hour.

[0144] In some implementations, the method includes selecting one or more measurement segments from the signal data based on one or more predetermined time points, and calculating atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node and determining the geographical location of the vehicle based on the selected one or more measurement segments of the signal, respectively. The selection time standard includes one or more predetermined time points.

[0145] The predetermined time points may include one or more time points within an hour, within a day, or within a week.

[0146] The predetermined time intervals and time points enable the calculation of atmospheric parameters and their changes relative to predetermined times and relative to geographical location.

[0147] In some embodiments, the method includes selecting one or more measurement segments from the signal data based on one or more predetermined distances traveled along the vehicle, and calculating atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the selected one or more measurement segments of the signal, and determining the geographical location of the vehicle. The location selection criteria include one or more predetermined distances.

[0148] This makes it possible to calculate atmospheric parameters and their changes relative to geographical location and vehicle movement.

[0149] In some implementations, the method includes selecting one or more measurement segments from the signal data based on one or more predetermined geographical locations along the movement of the vehicle, and calculating atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the selected one or more measurement segments of the signal, respectively, and determining the geographical location of the vehicle. The selection criteria include one or more predetermined geographical locations.

[0150] This makes it possible to calculate atmospheric parameters and their changes relative to a predetermined geographical location using transportation. The predetermined geographical location can be changed and selected as needed.

[0151] The method further includes: determining the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the navigation satellite and the client node provided to the vehicle based on the signal data, and calculating the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the navigation satellite and the client node provided to the vehicle.

[0152] The method enables refined local weather monitoring in different or changing geographical areas using vehicles. Therefore, the method of the present invention enables hyperlocal weather monitoring using vehicles. The present invention also enables the monitoring of changes in atmospheric parameters relative to time and geographical location.

[0153] This invention also enables the provision of three-dimensional local weather forecasts and measurements by utilizing navigation satellite systems and vehicles.

[0154] The system disclosed above and its implementation are configured to perform the method and its implementation.

[0155] In some implementations, the method includes controlling the operation of a vehicle network node of the vehicle based on signal data received from the client node.

[0156] In some other embodiments, the method includes using the vehicle control module to control the timing, or synchronization, or timing and synchronization of the vehicle's vehicle network nodes based on signal data received from the client node.

[0157] In some implementations, the method includes receiving navigation satellite system signals from two or more navigation satellites at the client node, respectively.

[0158] In some other implementations, the method includes receiving navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites at two or more client nodes.

[0159] In some further embodiments, the method includes receiving navigation satellite system signals from two or more navigation satellites at two or more client nodes.

[0160] In some implementations, the method includes receiving navigation satellite system signals from navigation satellites of two or more global navigation satellite systems at the client node.

[0161] In some implementations, the method includes receiving navigation satellite system signals from the navigation satellite at at least two different frequencies.

[0162] In some embodiments, the method includes calculating the atmospheric parameters in a client node of the vehicle, receiving signal data from the client node at the vehicle network node that includes the calculated atmospheric parameters, and configuring a vehicle communication module of the vehicle network node to transmit signal data including the calculated atmospheric parameters in the network.

[0163] In some other embodiments, the method includes calculating the atmospheric parameters in a vehicle network node of the vehicle, and a vehicle communication module of the vehicle network node is configured to transmit signal data including the calculated atmospheric parameters in the network.

[0164] In some further embodiments, the method includes receiving signal data from a vehicle network node via the network in an external meteorological modeling server, and calculating the atmospheric parameters in the external meteorological modeling server.

[0165] In some further embodiments, the method includes calculating the atmospheric parameters in a distributed manner using at least two of the following: client nodes, vehicle network nodes, and an external meteorological modeling server arranged to be in a data exchange connection with the vehicle network nodes.

[0166] In some embodiments, the method includes determining the geographic location of the vehicle in a client node of the vehicle, receiving signal data from the client node in a vehicle network node that includes the determined geographic location of the vehicle, and configuring a vehicle communication module of the vehicle network node to transmit signal data including the determined geographic location of the vehicle.

[0167] In some other embodiments, the method includes determining the geographical location of the vehicle in a vehicle network node of the vehicle, and a vehicle communication module of the vehicle network node is configured to transmit signal data including the determined geographical location of the vehicle.

[0168] In some further embodiments, the method includes receiving signal data from a vehicle network node via the network in the external weather modeling server, and determining the geographical location of the vehicle in the external weather modeling server.

[0169] In some implementations, the method includes determining the tropospheric delay of navigation satellite signals between the navigation satellite and the client node based on navigation satellite system signals received in the client node or its navigation satellite system module.

[0170] In some other embodiments, the method includes determining the tropospheric delay of navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on navigation satellite system signals received in the client node or its navigation satellite system module.

[0171] In some further embodiments, the method includes determining the tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the navigation satellite signal received in the client node, and further determining the wet delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite and the client node based on the determined tropospheric delay.

[0172] In another embodiment, the method includes determining a tropospheric delay of navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on navigation satellite system signals received in the client node, and further determining a wet delay of navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on the determined tropospheric delay.

[0173] In some implementations, the method includes determining the three-dimensional distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tomography based on GNSS signals received from two or more navigation satellites at the client node.

[0174] In some other embodiments, the method includes determining the three-dimensional water vapor distribution in the atmosphere by Global Navigation Satellite System tomography based on the tropospheric delay or wet delay of navigation satellite system signals between two or more identified navigation satellites and the client node.

[0175] In some implementations, the method includes determining the atmospheric delay of navigation satellite system signals between the navigation satellite and two or more client nodes, and calculating atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the two or more client nodes based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signals between the navigation satellite and the two or more client nodes.

[0176] In some other embodiments, the method includes determining atmospheric delays in navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and the client node, and calculating atmospheric parameters between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node based on the determined atmospheric delays in the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the client node.

[0177] In some further embodiments, the method includes determining the atmospheric delay of navigation satellite system signals between two or more navigation satellites and two or more client nodes, and calculating atmospheric parameters between the two or more navigation satellites and the two or more client nodes based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signals between the two or more navigation satellites and the two or more client nodes.

[0178] In some embodiments, the method includes determining the atmospheric delay of navigation satellite system signals between one or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes of a vehicle located in a predetermined geographical area, and calculating atmospheric parameters between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more client nodes of the one or more vehicles located in the predetermined geographical area based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signals between the one or more navigation satellites and the one or more client nodes.

[0179] In some implementations, the method includes performing Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tomography between two or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes based on navigation satellite system signals received at one or more client nodes.

[0180] In some other embodiments, the method includes performing Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) tomography, which includes: determining atmospheric delays between two or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes; and calculating one or more atmospheric parameters between the two or more navigation satellites and one or more client nodes based on the determined atmospheric delays.

[0181] In some further embodiments, the method includes determining the three-dimensional distribution of one or more atmospheric parameters in the atmosphere by global navigation satellite system tomography based on navigation satellite system signals received from two or more navigation satellites in navigation satellite system modules at one or more client nodes.

[0182] In some implementations, the method includes performing the method simultaneously in association with two or more vehicles.

[0183] In some other embodiments, the method includes simultaneously performing the method in association with two or more vehicles for a predetermined geographical area.

[0184] In some further embodiments, the method includes simultaneously performing the method in association with two or more vehicles for two or more different predetermined geographical areas.

[0185] In some embodiments, the method is performed using the system disclosed above. Therefore, the operation of the system is interchangeable with the method and its steps.

[0186] The advantages of the system and method of this invention lie in the fact that mobile vehicles can be transformed into weather stations, thereby improving the accuracy of numerical weather prediction and forecasting, as well as global weather analysis. When using vehicles, a significant improvement in the coverage and availability of atmospheric data collected from GNSS receivers is achieved. Vehicles can provide mobile weather stations, enabling the collection of weather data at different geographical locations and relative to time during movement. This allows for the collection and calculation of weather data relative to time and location. The significant improvement in coverage, availability, and versatility is of great importance for weather forecasting and climate monitoring over large areas that were previously inaccessible for numerical weather analysis. This significantly improved coverage and availability will enable hyperlocal weather forecasting for any area where GNSS meteorological measurements are provided via vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0187] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, wherein: Figure 1 A basic global navigation satellite system is schematically illustrated. Figure 2 and Figure 3 Different embodiments of the present invention are illustrated schematically; Figures 4 to 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a hardware configuration embodiment of the system according to the present invention; Figure 10 This is an illustrative configuration of a software module of the operating system according to the present invention; Figure 11 A navigation satellite system receiver is schematically shown; and Figures 12 to 14 The method for determining atmospheric meteorological conditions is illustrated schematically. Detailed Implementation

[0188] The systems and methods described in the context of this application include and utilize Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for meteorological modeling and calculation. In the context of this application, GNSS can be any known GNSS, such as the Global Positioning System (GPS), the Russian Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), the European Navigation Satellite System (Galileo), the International Maritime Satellite Organization (Immarsat), the Chinese Navigation Satellite System (BeiDou), the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), the Japanese Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), Multifunctional Satellite Augmentation Systems (MTSAT or MSAS), and Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) and regional satellite systems. Therefore, the present invention can be implemented by utilizing existing and future GNSS.

[0189] Figure 1 The diagram schematically illustrates a common GNSS architecture. The GNSS architecture comprises three main components: the space segment, the control segment, and the client segment.

[0190] The client segment can also be represented as the user segment. Different navigation satellite systems can also be represented as different navigation satellite constellations.

[0191] The space segment consists of Global Navigation System Satellites (GNSS satellites)², which operate in orbits approximately 20,000 km above the Earth's surface. Each GNSS satellite broadcasts a Global Navigation Satellite System signal (GNSS signal)⁵, which identifies the satellite and provides its time, orbit, and status.

[0192] The control segment comprises a ground network of master control stations 6, data injection stations 8, and monitoring stations 4. For example, in the case of GPS, the system includes two master control stations 6, four data injection stations 8, and 16 monitoring stations 4 located around the world.

[0193] In each GNSS system, the master control station 6 will adjust the orbital parameters of satellite 2 and the onboard high-precision clock as needed to maintain accuracy.

[0194] Monitoring station 4 is typically installed over a wide geographical area to monitor the signal and status of satellite 2 and transmit this information to the main control station 6. The main control station 6 analyzes the signal and then transmits orbit and time correction information to satellite 2 via data injection station 8.

[0195] The client segment comprises devices, apparatuses, and systems 10, 20, 22, 24, and 26 that process received navigation satellite system signals 5 from GNSS satellite 2 and use them to derive and apply position and time information. These devices, apparatuses, and systems include smartphones and other mobile devices, as well as handheld devices 10 containing GNSS receivers. The devices, apparatuses, and systems also include vehicles equipped with GNSS receivers, such as aircraft 22, cars 24, and ships 26, or trains. The devices, apparatuses, and systems further include a fixed ground infrastructure network 20, which includes infrastructure network nodes equipped with GNSS receivers. The fixed ground infrastructure network 20 includes, for example, telecommunications networks, energy and electricity networks, road and railway infrastructure networks, lighting networks, and district heating and cooling networks.

[0196] This invention relates to vehicles 22, 24, and 26 and their uses. The vehicles 22, 24, and 26 include a client node 300 and a vehicle network node 100. The client node 300 includes a navigation satellite system module with a navigation satellite system receiver. The vehicle network node 100 also includes a vehicle communication module configured to perform data exchange within the network.

[0197] Figure 2 A vehicle (such as a car) 24 is schematically shown. Vehicle 24 does not have a fixed geographical location but is capable of moving from one location to another. The location of the vehicle is determined based on navigation satellite signals received in the navigation satellite system module.

[0198] The vehicle communication module of the vehicle network node is configured to perform data exchange between the vehicle and the network. The network can be any network capable of providing a data exchange connection with the vehicle communication module. The network includes one or more of the following: infrastructure network 7, one or more other vehicles 22, 24, 26 equipped with vehicle communication modules, external devices, and communication satellite 9.

[0199] Therefore, the vehicle communication module may include infrastructure network communication elements for providing data exchange connectivity with the infrastructure network. The infrastructure network may be a telecommunications network or a mobile telecommunications network 7 including mobile base stations 20.

[0200] In some embodiments, the telecommunications network is a mobile telecommunications network, including a mobile telecommunications network base station 20 located at a fixed geographical location. The mobile telecommunications network may be a 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, or 7G telecommunications network, including the telecommunications network base station 20 located at a fixed geographical location.

[0201] The telecommunications network may also be a wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a local area network (LAN), or any other fixed telecommunications network that includes interconnected fixed infrastructure network stations.

[0202] In addition, the vehicle communication module may include a vehicle-to-vehicle communication element for providing a data exchange connection 6 between vehicles 22, 24, and 26.

[0203] Furthermore, the vehicle communication module may include device communication elements for providing data exchange connectivity with external devices (such as infrastructure equipment or weather sensor devices, like road warning devices, smartphones, etc.). The external devices may also be configured to further establish data exchange connectivity with the infrastructure network.

[0204] The vehicle communication module may also include a satellite communication element for providing a data exchange connection with the communication satellite 9.

[0205] Vehicles 22, 24, and 26 are equipped with the vehicle network node 100. The vehicle network node 100 is configured to perform data exchange and communication within the network.

[0206] Vehicles 22, 24, and 26 are also equipped with the aforementioned client node 300, which has a navigation satellite system module including a GNSS receiver. The client node 300 includes a navigation satellite system module configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellite 2 of the global navigation satellite system and generate signal data based on the received navigation satellite system signals 5.

[0207] The vehicle network node 100 and the client node 300 are provided to vehicles 22, 24, and 26 as independent devices or independent device units, or alternatively, the client node 300 is an integrated part of the vehicle network node 100.

[0208] Figure 2 An embodiment is shown in which vehicles 22, 24, 26 are provided with vehicle communication modules configured to provide data exchange connectivity with network 7.

[0209] Figure 3An embodiment is shown in which vehicles 22, 24, 26 are provided with a vehicle communication module configured to provide a data exchange connection with the fixed telecommunications network 7 and its base station 20.

[0210] exist Figure 3 In one embodiment, the vehicle communication module of the vehicle is also configured to provide a data exchange connection with the communication satellite 9 and a vehicle-to-vehicle data exchange connection 6 between vehicles 22, 24, and 26.

[0211] Figure 4 An embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein vehicles 22, 24, and 26 include a power supply unit 40. The power supply unit 40 may be an internal combustion engine with a battery or an electric motor.

[0212] The vehicle network node 100 and the client node 300 are configured as an integrated device unit and are arranged together with the power supply unit via power supply connection 142.

[0213] Figure 5 One embodiment is shown in which the vehicle network node 100 and the client node 300 are provided as independent device units. The vehicle network node 100 is arranged to form a power supply connection 142 with the power supply unit 40, and the client node 300 is connected to the vehicle network node 100 via a client power connection 304.

[0214] In another alternative embodiment, the vehicle network node 100 and the client node 300 are provided as separate device units and are respectively connected to the power supply unit 40. The vehicle network node 100 is arranged to form a power supply connection 142 with the power supply unit 40, and the client node 300 is arranged to form a client power connection 304 with the power supply unit 40.

[0215] Vehicles 22, 24, and 26 are equipped with the vehicle network node 100. The vehicle network node 100 is configured to perform data exchange and communication between the vehicles and the network.

[0216] Vehicles 22, 25, and 26 are also equipped with the aforementioned client node 300, which includes a GNSS receiver. The client node 300 includes a navigation satellite system module configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellites of a global navigation satellite system and generate signal data based on the received navigation satellite system signals 5.

[0217] The vehicle network node 100 and client node 300 are supported and / or provided to vehicles 22, 24, 26 or their structures, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown.

[0218] Figure 6 The physical structure of a transportation network node 100 is schematically shown. The transportation network node 100 has client nodes 300 provided to it. The transportation network node 100 includes an antenna element 150 configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5.

[0219] In some embodiments, antenna unit 150 is also configured to transmit and receive data in the network. Antenna unit 150 may include a separate network antenna for providing data exchange connectivity with the network.

[0220] The vehicle network node 100 includes an operation unit 120. The operation unit 120 is connected to the antenna unit 150 and is used to perform data exchange with the operation unit and receive navigation satellite system signals 5.

[0221] The vehicle network node 100 includes a power supply 140 connected to the power supply unit 40 via a power supply connection 142. The vehicle network node 100 also includes a battery 144 connected to the power supply 140 as a backup. The battery 144 may also be omitted. The power supply 140 is connected to the operation unit 120 for supplying power to the operation unit 120.

[0222] The operating unit 120 includes a vehicle communication module 122, which is configured to perform data exchange between vehicles 22, 24, 26 and the network.

[0223] The vehicle communication module 122 includes a core of, for example, 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, 7G or higher, or any other telecommunications core, which is configured to perform data exchange between vehicles 22, 24, 26 and the telecommunications network.

[0224] The operation unit 120 includes a client node 300, which has a navigation satellite system module 324. The navigation satellite system module 324 is equipped with navigation satellite system receivers 360 and 362, which are configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellite 2 of the Global Navigation Satellite System.

[0225] The operation unit 120 also includes a vehicle control module 123, which is configured to control data exchange via the vehicle communication module 122 and control the operation of the vehicle network node 100 based on the received navigation satellite system signal 5.

[0226] In the network, it is typically required to coordinate and control the operation of the transportation network nodes 100 so that they operate together efficiently and correctly within the network. Therefore, timing and synchronization of the transportation network nodes are necessary.

[0227] The vehicle control module 123 is configured to control the timing and synchronization of the vehicle network nodes 100 based on the navigation satellite system signal 5 received by the navigation satellite system module 324.

[0228] GNSS satellites provide receivers with x, y, z coordinates and precise time information. A fundamental principle of any GNSS system is that all satellite clocks are synchronized with precise time. Navigation satellite 2 broadcasts encoded navigation satellite system signals 5 at precise time, while receivers 360 and 362 estimate the exact time required for each navigation satellite system signal 5 to travel from navigation satellite 2 to receivers 360 and 362. The positions of GNSS receivers 360 and 362 are then calculated as a function of the flight time of each navigation satellite system signal 5 from navigation satellite 2 to receivers 360 and 362. Therefore, navigation satellite system signals 5 are used for timing and synchronization of the operation of vehicle network node 100. Thus, vehicle network node 100 is configured to operate efficiently using navigation satellite system signals 5, thereby preventing errors.

[0229] Figure 11 GNSS receivers 360 and 362 are schematically illustrated. The GNSS receivers are configured to generate signal data including navigation output messages 30, which include position information and precise time information. The vehicle control module 123 is configured to control the timing, or synchronization, or timing and synchronization of the vehicle network node 100 or its vehicle communication module 122 based on the signal data generated by the navigation satellite system receivers 360 and 362 and the navigation output messages 30. Navigation output messages refer to navigation output data that includes position and time data.

[0230] The navigation satellite system receivers 360 and 362 are also configured to generate signal data including signal characteristic output messages 32. The signal characteristic output messages include information about the navigation satellite signals 5 themselves, such as those received from each navigation satellite at each frequency. Signal characteristic output messages 32 include, for example, carrier phase information, code phase information, pseudorange information, and pseudorange rate information.

[0231] The system of the present invention also includes a meteorological modeling module 328. The meteorological modeling module 328 is configured to determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal 5 between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300. The meteorological modeling module 328 is further configured to calculate atmospheric parameters in the direction between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300 based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300. The meteorological modeling module 328 is configured to calculate the atmospheric delay based on a signal feature output message 32 generated by the navigation satellite system receivers 360 and 362. The signal feature output message 32 includes the raw signal data of the navigation satellite system.

[0232] The system is configured to determine or calculate the geographical location of vehicles 22, 24, and 26 based on navigation output messages 30.

[0233] The signal data generated by the client node 300 or its navigation satellite system receivers 360 and 362 includes navigation output message 30 and feature output message 32.

[0234] like Figure 6 As shown, the meteorological modeling module 328 is provided to the vehicle network node 100 and its processing unit 120. The meteorological modeling module 328 is configured to receive signal data from the navigation satellite system module 324.

[0235] Figure 7 It shows Figure 6 Alternative embodiments of the examples. In Figure 7 The system includes an external meteorological modeling server 329, which is configured to exchange data with vehicle network node 100 and vehicles 22, 24, and 26. A meteorological modeling module 328 is provided to the external meteorological modeling server 329. The external meteorological modeling server 329 is connected to the vehicle network node via a network (e.g., a telecommunications network). The external meteorological modeling server 329 is connected to vehicle network node 100 via vehicle communication module 122.

[0236] Therefore, the external meteorological modeling server 329 is connected to the vehicle network node 100 via a telecommunications network and is configured to receive signal data from the navigation satellite system module 324 from the vehicle network node 100.

[0237] Figure 8 An alternative embodiment is shown in which the vehicle network node 100 and the client node 300 are arranged as independent device units in vehicles 22, 24, and 26.

[0238] The client node 300 includes a GNSS antenna element 350, which is configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellite 2 of the global navigation satellite system.

[0239] The client node 300 includes a navigation satellite system module 324, which has navigation satellite system receivers 360 and 362 configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from GNSS antenna unit 350.

[0240] The navigation satellite system receivers 360 and 362 of the client node 300 are configured to generate signal data based on the received navigation satellite system signal 5.

[0241] like Figure 8 As shown, client node 300 is connected to vehicle network node 100 of vehicles 22, 24, and 26 via data transmission connection 302, and vehicle network node 100 is configured to receive signal data directly from client node 300 via data transmission connection 302. Vehicle network node 100 is connected to power unit 40, and client node 300 is connected to vehicle network node 100 via client power connection 304, so that power is supplied from vehicle network node 100 to client node 300.

[0242] like Figure 8 As shown, the meteorological modeling module 328 is provided to the client node 300. The meteorological modeling module 328 is configured to receive signal data from the navigation satellite system module 324.

[0243] exist Figure 8 In an alternative embodiment, the meteorological modeling module 328 is provided to the vehicle network node 100, such as Figure 6 As shown in the embodiments.

[0244] Figure 9 An alternative embodiment is shown, wherein the system includes an external meteorological modeling server 329, which is arranged to be in a data exchange connection with a vehicle network node 100 via a network. A meteorological modeling module 328 is provided to the external meteorological modeling server 329. The external meteorological modeling server 329 is connected to the vehicle network node 100 via a telecommunications network 7. The external meteorological modeling server 329 is connected to the vehicle network node 100 via a vehicle communication module 122.

[0245] Therefore, the external meteorological modeling server 329 is connected to the vehicle network node 100 via a telecommunications network and is configured to receive signal data from the vehicle network node 100. The vehicle network node 100 is configured to receive signal data from the client node 300 and its navigation satellite system module 324.

[0246] exist Figure 9 In this embodiment, the vehicle network node 100 and the client node 300 are respectively connected to the power supply unit 40. The client node 300 is directly connected to the power supply unit 40 via the client power connection 304, so that power is supplied from the power supply unit 40 of the vehicles 22, 24, and 26 to the client node 300.

[0247] In another alternative embodiment, the system is provided as a distributed system in which the meteorological modeling module 328 and its operation are distributed among at least two of the following: a vehicle network node 100, a client node 300, and an external meteorological modeling server 329 arranged to be in a data exchange connection with the vehicle network node 100 via a network. Therefore, the meteorological modeling module 328 is a software module.

[0248] In one embodiment, a first submodule of the meteorological modeling module 328 is provided to and executed within the vehicle network node 100 or the client node 300. The first submodule of the meteorological modeling module 328 is configured to determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal 5 between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300.

[0249] The second submodule of the meteorological modeling module 328 is provided to and executed within an external meteorological modeling server 329. The second submodule of the meteorological modeling module 328 is configured to calculate atmospheric parameters in the direction between navigation satellite 2 and client node 300 based on the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between navigation satellite 2 and client node 300.

[0250] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module 328 is further configured to generate a meteorological model based on the calculated atmospheric parameters. The meteorological model includes the calculated atmospheric parameters.

[0251] Figure 10 A schematic configuration example of the meteorological modeling module 328 is shown. The meteorological modeling module 328 includes multiple components from input unit 101 to output unit 107.

[0252] The input unit 101 is configured to receive signal data.

[0253] Zenith tropospheric delay unit 102 is configured to determine the zenith tropospheric delay of navigation satellite signal 5 between navigation satellite 2 and client node 300 based on signal data received in client node 300 and navigation satellite system module 324.

[0254] The zenith tropospheric delay unit 102 includes a zenith tropospheric delay calculation algorithm configured to calculate the zenith tropospheric delay based on signal data. The signal data is input to the zenith tropospheric delay calculation algorithm. The output of the zenith tropospheric delay calculation algorithm is the zenith tropospheric delay between navigation satellite 2 and client node 300.

[0255] In some embodiments, the zenith tropospheric delay unit 102 is further configured to calculate the zenith wet delay of the navigation satellite system signal 5 between two or more navigation satellites 2 and the client node 300 based on the determined zenith tropospheric delay.

[0256] The navigation satellite system signal 5 is nondispersively refracted by the atmosphere (troposphere and stratosphere), and the signal delay at specific elevation and azimuth angles is mapped to form the zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD). The ZTD can be attributed to the static and nonstatic components of the atmosphere, which are mapped to the zenith using separate static and wet mapping algorithms. Due to the well-mixed nature of the static gases in the atmosphere, the zenith static delay (ZHD) can be accurately calculated using local surface pressure and temperature measurements. The additional delay caused by water vapor is the zenith wet delay (ZWD). Therefore, the zenith wet delay can be calculated by subtracting the zenith static delay from the zenith tropospheric delay.

[0257] Figure 12 The diagram schematically illustrates the curvature of the navigation satellite system signal 5 between navigation satellite 2 and client node 300. The straight line 5' represents the direct route from navigation satellite 2 to client node 300, while the curve 5 represents the actual path of the navigation satellite system signal 5.

[0258] Atmospheric parameter unit 104 is configured to calculate atmospheric parameters in the direction between navigation satellite 2 and client node 300 based on the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between navigation satellite 2 and client node 300.

[0259] Atmospheric parameter unit 104 includes an atmospheric parameter calculation algorithm configured to calculate one or more atmospheric parameters based on the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal between the determined navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300.

[0260] Atmospheric parameters are one or more of the following: temperature, pressure, and humidity in the atmosphere.

[0261] The atmospheric parameter unit 104 includes an atmospheric temperature calculation algorithm configured to calculate atmospheric temperature. In another embodiment, the atmospheric parameter unit 104 includes an atmospheric pressure calculation algorithm configured to calculate atmospheric pressure. In a further embodiment, the atmospheric parameter unit 104 includes an atmospheric humidity calculation algorithm configured to calculate atmospheric humidity.

[0262] In another embodiment, the atmospheric parameter unit 104 includes an atmospheric parameter calculation algorithm configured to calculate one or more of atmospheric humidity, atmospheric temperature, atmospheric pressure, and atmospheric wind.

[0263] The determined atmospheric delay is input into the atmospheric parameter calculation algorithm. The output of the atmospheric parameter calculation algorithm represents the values ​​of atmospheric parameters in the atmosphere in the direction between navigation satellite 2 and client node 300.

[0264] In some embodiments, the atmospheric delay input to the atmospheric parameter calculation algorithm is either the zenith wet delay or the zenith tropospheric delay. In some further embodiments, the atmospheric delay input to the atmospheric parameter calculation algorithm includes both the zenith wet delay and the zenith tropospheric delay.

[0265] The tomographic imaging unit 105 is configured to determine the three-dimensional water vapor distribution in the atmosphere based on navigation satellite system signals 5 received from two or more navigation satellites 2 in the navigation satellite system module 324.

[0266] The tomographic imaging unit 105 includes a tomographic imaging calculation algorithm configured to calculate atmospheric water vapor between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300 based on the navigation satellite signal 5 received in the client node 300.

[0267] In some embodiments, the determined atmospheric delay is input into a tomographic computation algorithm. The output of the tomographic computation algorithm is a three-dimensional water vapor model representing the three-dimensional distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere.

[0268] In some embodiments, the atmospheric delay input to the tomographic calculation algorithm is either the zenith wet delay or the zenith tropospheric delay. In some further embodiments, the atmospheric delay input to the tomographic calculation algorithm includes both the zenith wet delay and the zenith tropospheric delay.

[0269] In a further embodiment, the output of the atmospheric parameter calculation algorithm is input to the tomographic imaging calculation algorithm. The output of the tomographic imaging calculation algorithm is a three-dimensional water vapor model representing the three-dimensional distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere. Therefore, these inputs represent the values ​​of atmospheric parameters in the atmosphere in the direction between navigation satellite 2 and client node 300.

[0270] As disclosed above, modeling unit 106 is configured to generate a meteorological model or update a predetermined meteorological model based on the calculated atmospheric parameters. The meteorological model includes one or more calculated atmospheric parameters. In some embodiments, the meteorological model includes one or more calculated atmospheric parameters and / or a three-dimensional water vapor model representing the three-dimensional distribution of water vapor in the atmosphere based on tomographic imaging unit 105.

[0271] Output unit 107 is configured to output the generated meteorological model from meteorological modeling module 328.

[0272] The meteorological modeling module 328 includes a database 110.

[0273] Database 110 includes navigation satellite system signal database 111, which is configured to store signal data and / or raw signal data of navigation satellite system signal 5 received in client node 300.

[0274] Database 110 includes process database 112, which is configured to store the outputs of one or more of the zenith tropospheric delay unit 102, atmospheric parameter unit 104, and tomographic imaging unit 105.

[0275] Database 110 includes model database 113, which is configured to store meteorological models and / or predetermined meteorological models.

[0276] Database 110 includes location database 114, which is configured to store the determined locations of vehicles 22, 24, and 26 based on signal data.

[0277] The system is configured to determine the geographic location of vehicles 22, 24, and 26 during use or during a sports session.

[0278] Therefore, in this invention, the same signal data is used to determine the positions of vehicles 22, 24, and 26 and to calculate atmospheric parameters.

[0279] The geographical locations of vehicles 22, 24, and 26 can be determined based on signal data in client node 300, vehicle network node 100, or meteorological modeling module 328.

[0280] The meteorological modeling module 328 is also configured to correlate the geographical location of the determined client node 300 or vehicle with the calculated atmospheric parameters, and to determine the atmospheric parameters in the direction between the determined location of the vehicle 22, 24, 26 and the navigation satellite 2.

[0281] The meteorological model includes calculated atmospheric parameters associated with the geographical location information of vehicles 22, 24, and 26. This generates a location-based meteorological model.

[0282] In an alternative embodiment, the system includes one or more predetermined meteorological models, and the meteorological modeling module 328 is further configured to update one or more predetermined meteorological models based on the calculated atmospheric parameters.

[0283] The geographic location information of vehicles 22, 24, and 26 is associated with one or more pre-defined meteorological models and calculated atmospheric parameters to perform location-based updates.

[0284] The generation or updating of a weather model or one or more weather models is performed in the weather modeling module 328 in the operation unit 120 of the vehicle network node 100, or in an external weather modeling server 329, or in a second sub-module of the weather modeling module 328.

[0285] The navigation satellite system signal 5 travels from navigation satellite 2 through space to client node 300 and navigation satellite system receivers 360 and 362. Most of the space environment is close to a vacuum. To calculate the precise position, the receivers need to know the length and direct path of the navigation satellite system signal 5 from navigation satellite 2 to client node 300 and navigation satellite system receivers 360 and 362. However, radio waves do not travel in straight lines. The navigation satellite system signal 5 traveling from navigation satellite 2 to navigation satellite system receivers 360 and 362 is bent as it passes through different layers. This bending affects and increases the time it takes for the navigation satellite system signal 5 to travel from the navigation satellite to the navigation satellite system receivers 360 and 362.

[0286] By comparing the line-of-sight distance of the signal propagation with the actual propagation path, the extent to which the atmosphere and different atmospheric variables affect the navigation satellite system signal 5 can be determined. The meteorological modeling module 328 uses these characteristics of the navigation satellite system signal 5 to calculate the amount of water vapor, air pressure, and temperature in the atmosphere.

[0287] The system of the present invention may include one or more different Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Therefore, the navigation satellite system module 324 may include multi-system navigation satellite system receivers 360 and 362, configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellites 2 of two or more GNSS. Alternatively, the navigation satellite system module 324 includes a first navigation satellite system receiver 360 configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellites 2 of a first GNSS; and a second navigation satellite system receiver 362 configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellites 2 of a second GNSS.

[0288] Navigation satellite 2 transmits navigation satellite system signals at various frequencies.

[0289] In some embodiments, navigation satellite system receivers 360 and 362 are single-frequency navigation satellite system receivers configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellite 2 on a single frequency.

[0290] In some preferred embodiments, navigation satellite system receivers 360, 362 are configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from navigation satellite 2 at at least two different frequencies.

[0291] In some preferred embodiments, navigation satellite system receivers 360 and 362 are dual-frequency navigation satellite system receivers configured to receive navigation satellite system signal 5 having a first frequency and navigation satellite system signal 5 having a second frequency.

[0292] In some other preferred embodiments, navigation satellite system receivers 360 and 362 are multi-frequency navigation satellite system receivers configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 at multiple different frequencies.

[0293] In some other preferred embodiments, the navigation satellite system module 324 includes a first frequency navigation satellite system receiver 360, 362 configured to receive a navigation satellite system signal 5 having a first frequency; and a second frequency navigation satellite system receiver 360, 362 configured to receive a navigation satellite system signal 5 having a second frequency.

[0294] In some embodiments, the Global Navigation Satellite System module is configured to receive GPS signals having at least two of frequency bands L1, L2, and L5.

[0295] In some other embodiments, the Global Navigation Satellite System module 324 is configured to receive GLONASS system signals having at least two of frequency bands G1, G2, and G3.

[0296] In some further embodiments, the Global Navigation Satellite System module 324 is configured to receive Galileo system signals having at least two of frequency bands E1, E5a, E5b, and E6.

[0297] In a further embodiment, the Global Navigation Satellite System module 324 is configured to receive frequency bands L1, L2, and L5.

[0298] In some other embodiments, the Global Navigation Satellite System module 324 is configured to receive GLONASS system signals having at least two of the frequency bands G1, G2, G3, E1, E5a, E5b, E6, L1, L2, and L5.

[0299] In some other embodiments, the navigation satellite system module 324 is configured to receive QZSS system signals having at least two frequency bands, L1 and L5.

[0300] The delay of navigation satellite system signals typically comprises ionospheric and tropospheric components. The ionospheric component of the delay can be removed using multi-frequency or dual-frequency receivers, or two or more receivers. Ionospheric delay varies with frequency, and therefore its effect differs across various GNSS signals. By comparing the delays at two or more different frequencies, the ionospheric component of the delay can be removed. Therefore, atmospheric parameters can be calculated more accurately. In the context of this application, atmospheric parameters and atmospheric delay refer to tropospheric parameters and tropospheric delay.

[0301] The method also includes, and the system is configured to, perform: - Determine the geographical location of the vehicle based on the signal data. - Based on the signal data, determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the navigation satellite and the client node provided to the vehicle. - Based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal between the navigation satellite and the client node provided to the vehicle, calculate the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node. - Correlate the determined geographical location of the vehicle with the calculated atmospheric parameters, and - Determine atmospheric parameters in the direction between the navigation satellite and the determined geographical location of the vehicle.

[0302] The calculation of atmospheric parameters and the determination of the geographical location of the vehicles are performed during the use of vehicles 22, 24, and 26 or during a movement session. The movement session includes the travel of vehicles 22, 24, and 26 from a geographical starting point to a geographical ending point.

[0303] The navigation satellite continuously transmits navigation satellite signals.

[0304] In some embodiments, the method includes, and the system is configured to, continuously calculate atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node and continuously determine the geographical location of the vehicle.

[0305] In some other embodiments, the method includes, and the system is configured, to continuously calculate atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node and to continuously determine the geographical location of the vehicle during a vehicle's movement session.

[0306] Typically, the geographical location determined based on navigation satellite signals is updated or confirmed at intervals of 1-5 seconds.

[0307] Calculating atmospheric parameters based on each updated geographic location requires significant processing power, especially when utilizing numerous independent modes of transportation (22, 24, 26).

[0308] Therefore, the method includes a selection criterion. The method includes: selecting a measurement segment in the signal data; determining the geographical location of the vehicles 22, 24, and 26 based on the selected measurement segment of the signal data; determining the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal 5 between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300 provided to the vehicles 22, 24, and 26 based on the selected measurement segment of the signal data; and calculating atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300 based on the determined atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal 5 between the navigation satellite 2 and the client node 300 provided to the vehicles 22, 24, and 26.

[0309] The calculation of atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node is based on selection criteria. These selection criteria include selection of time criteria and / or selection of location criteria.

[0310] The system or the meteorological modeling module 328 is configured to provide or maintain the selection criteria. Therefore, the system or the meteorological modeling module 328 is configured to operate based on the selection criteria.

[0311] The calculation of atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite and the client node is based on a selected time standard and / or a selected location standard based on the determined position of the vehicle.

[0312] The predetermined time interval can be, for example, 1 second, 10 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, or a time interval between 10 seconds and 60 seconds, or a time interval between 60 seconds and 600 seconds, or a time interval between 10 seconds and 1 hour.

[0313] The predetermined distance can be 10 meters, 50 meters, 100 meters, 500 meters, or 1000 meters, or between 10 meters and 1000 meters. When the predetermined distance is reached, atmospheric parameters are calculated.

[0314] Figure 13 The diagram schematically illustrates that each client node 300 is configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from multiple navigation satellites 2. Therefore, atmospheric parameter and meteorological modeling can be performed in multiple directions originating from each client node 300.

[0315] Figure 14 Further schematically shown are multiple vehicles 22, 24, and 26, each configured to receive navigation satellite system signals 5 from multiple navigation satellites 2 via client node 300. Therefore, the three-dimensional distribution of atmospheric parameters is determined, and a three-dimensional meteorological model is also generated.

[0316] Figure 14 The system also discloses that it includes one or more atmospheric sensors 200 arranged in a communicative connection to a meteorological modeling module 328. The sensors 200 may be temperature sensors, humidity sensors, pressure sensors, or similar sensors. The sensors 200 may be connected to the meteorological modeling module 328 via, for example, a telecommunications network 7.

[0317] The meteorological modeling module 328 is configured to receive atmospheric measurement data from one or more atmospheric sensors 200 and determine the three-dimensional distribution of one or more atmospheric parameters in the atmosphere based on navigation satellite system signal 5 and atmospheric measurement data from one or more atmospheric sensors 200.

[0318] In some embodiments, the meteorological modeling module 328 is configured to receive precise orbital data, or ephemeris, from an external ephemeris server (e.g., IGS). The ephemeris server is configured to determine or calculate precise orbital data for the navigation satellite. Orbital data received using navigation satellite system signals has minor inaccuracies, which can be eliminated by calculations performed by the ephemeris server. The meteorological modeling module 328 is configured to receive precise orbital data from the ephemeris server and, based on the navigation satellite system signal 5 and the ephemeris data, possibly also incorporating atmospheric measurement data from sensor 200, determine the three-dimensional distribution of one or more atmospheric parameters in the atmosphere.

[0319] The invention has been described above with reference to the examples shown in the accompanying drawings. However, the invention is by no means limited to the above examples, but can be varied within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A system for meteorological modeling, the system comprising a global navigation satellite system, comprising: - A space segment with navigation satellites (2), - Control sections with ground satellite stations (4, 6, 8), and - A client segment with multiple navigation satellite signal receiving client nodes (300), The feature is that the client segment includes multiple vehicles (22, 24, 26), and the vehicles (22, 24, 26) include: - Transportation network nodes (100), including: A vehicle communication module (122) configured to perform data exchange between the vehicle and the network, and The vehicle control module (123) is configured to control data exchange via the vehicle communication module (122) and control the operation of the vehicle network node (100), and - A navigation satellite signal receiving client node (300), the client node (300) including a navigation satellite system module (324), which is configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) from navigation satellites (2) of a global navigation satellite system and generate signal data based on the received navigation satellite system signals (5). - The system is configured to determine the geographical location of the vehicles (22, 24, 26) based on the signal data. - The vehicle network node (100) is configured to receive signal data from the client node (300). - The vehicle communication module (122) of the vehicle network node (100) is configured to transmit signal data received from the client node (300) in the network, and - The system is configured to determine the geographical location of the vehicles (22, 24, 26) based on the signal data. The system also includes a meteorological modeling module (328), which is configured as follows: - Based on the signal data, determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) provided to the vehicles (24, 25, 26). - Based on the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal (5) between the determined navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) provided to the vehicles (22, 24, 26), calculate the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) provided to the vehicles (22, 24, 26). - Correlate the geographical locations of the identified vehicles (22, 24, 26) with the calculated atmospheric parameters, and - Determine atmospheric parameters in the direction between the navigation satellite (2) and the determined geographical location of the vehicle (22, 24, 26).

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The client node (300) is configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) from navigation satellites (2) during a motion session of a vehicle (22, 24, 26), the motion session including the movement of the vehicle (22, 24, 26) from a starting position to an ending position.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: - The client node (300) of the vehicles (22, 24, 26) is configured to determine the position of the vehicles (22, 24, 26) based on the signal data or based on the received navigation satellite system signals (5); or - The vehicle network node (100) of the vehicles (22, 24, 26) is configured to determine the location of the vehicles (22, 24, 26) based on the signal data; or - The meteorological modeling module (328) is configured to determine the location of the vehicle (22, 24, 26) based on the signal data.

4. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: - The client node (300) is an integrated module of the transportation network node (100), and the transportation network node (100) is configured to receive signal data directly from the client node (300); or The client node (300) and the vehicle network node (100) are disposed as independent device units in the vehicles (22, 24, 26), and the client node (300) is connected to the vehicle network node (100) via a data transmission connection (302), and the vehicle network node (100) is configured to receive signal data directly from the client node (300) via the data transmission connection (302).

5. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: - The vehicles (22, 24, 26) include a power supply unit (40), and the vehicle network node (100) and the client node (300) are independently arranged to be in a power supply connection with the power supply unit (40); or - The vehicles (22, 24, 26) include a power supply unit (40), and the vehicle network node (100) is arranged to be in a power supply connection with the power supply unit (40), and the client node (300) is connected to the vehicle network node (100) via a client power connection (304).

6. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The vehicle communication module (122) of the vehicle network node (100) is configured to perform data exchange between the vehicles (22, 24, 26) and the network, and the network includes one or more of the following: - Infrastructure network (7), - One or more other vehicles (24, 25, 26) equipped with a vehicle communication module (122), - External devices (329, 200), and - Communication satellite (9).

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that: - The infrastructure network is a telecommunications network (7); or - The infrastructure network is a telecommunications network (7), and the external devices (329, 200) are configured to be in a data exchange connection with the telecommunications network (7).

8. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The system includes two or more different global navigation satellite systems, and the navigation satellite system module (324) includes: - A multi-system navigation satellite system receiver (360, 362) configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) from navigation satellites (2) of two or more global navigation satellite systems; or - A first navigation satellite system receiver (360), configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) from navigation satellites (2) of a first global navigation satellite system, and - A second navigation satellite system receiver (362) is configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) from navigation satellites (2) of a second global navigation satellite system.

9. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: - The navigation satellite system module (324) includes a navigation satellite system receiver (360, 362), which is a single-frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) from the navigation satellite (2) of the navigation satellite system on a single frequency; or - The navigation satellite system module (324) includes a navigation satellite system receiver (360, 362), which is a dual-frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive a navigation satellite system signal (5) with a first frequency and a navigation satellite system signal (5) with a second frequency. or - The navigation satellite system module (324) includes a navigation satellite system receiver (360, 362), which is a multi-frequency navigation satellite system receiver configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) of the navigation satellite system at multiple different frequencies; or - The navigation satellite system module (324) includes a first-frequency navigation satellite system receiver (360, 362) configured to receive a navigation satellite system signal (5) of the first frequency of the navigation satellite system, and - A second frequency navigation satellite system receiver (360, 362) configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) of the second frequency of the navigation satellite system.

10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that: - The meteorological modeling module (328) is configured to determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) provided to the vehicles (22, 24, 26) based on the navigation satellite signal (5) with a first frequency and the navigation satellite system signal (5) with a second frequency; or - The meteorological modeling module (328) is configured to determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) provided to the vehicles (22, 24, 26) based on the navigation satellite system signal (5) with different frequencies.

11. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The vehicle control module (123) is configured to control the timing, or synchronization, or timing and synchronization of the vehicle network node (100) of the vehicle (22, 24, 26) based on signal data received from the client node (300).

12. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: - The meteorological modeling module (328) is provided to the client node (300), the signal data received in the vehicle network node (100) includes the calculated atmospheric parameters, and the vehicle communication module (122) of the vehicle network node (100) is configured to transmit signal data including the atmospheric parameters in the network; or - The meteorological modeling module (328) is provided to the vehicle network node (100), and the vehicle communication module (122) of the vehicle network node (100) is configured to transmit signal data including the atmospheric parameters in the network; or - The system includes an external meteorological modeling server (329) arranged to have a data exchange connection with the vehicle network node (100) of the vehicles (22, 24, 26), the meteorological modeling module (328) being provided to the external meteorological modeling server (329), and the external meteorological modeling server (329) being configured to receive signal data from the vehicle network node (100); or - The system is provided as a distributed system in which the meteorological modeling module (328) and its operation are distributed among at least two of the following: a client node (300), a vehicle network node (100), and an external meteorological modeling server (329) arranged to be in a data exchange connection with the vehicle network node (100).

13. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The means of transport (22, 24, 26) is a car (24), an airplane (22), a ship (26), or a train.

14. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The system is configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 15 to 28.

15. A method for meteorological modeling, characterized in that, The method is performed using multiple vehicles (22, 24, 26), which include: - Transportation network nodes (100), including: A vehicle communication module (122) is configured to perform data exchange between the vehicles (22, 24, 26) and the network, and The vehicle control module (123) is configured to control data exchange via the vehicle communication module (122) and control the operation of the vehicle network node (100), and - A navigation satellite signal receiving client node (300), the client node (300) including a navigation satellite system module (324), which is configured to receive navigation satellite system signals (5) from navigation satellites (2) of a global navigation satellite system and generate signal data based on the received navigation satellite system signals (5). The method includes: - Perform data exchange within the network of vehicle network nodes (100) of the network. - The navigation satellite signal receiving client node (300) of the vehicle (22, 24, 26) receives navigation satellite system signals (5) from the navigation satellites (2) of the Global Navigation Satellite System, and generates signal data based on the received navigation satellite signals (5) in the client node (300). - Receive signal data from the client node (300) in the vehicle network node (100), and - The vehicle communication module (122) of the vehicle network node (100) transmits signal data in the network. The method further includes: - Based on the signal data, determine the geographical location of the vehicle (22, 24, 26). - Based on the signal data, determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) provided to the vehicles (22, 24, 26). - Based on the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal (5) between the determined navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) provided to the vehicles (22, 24, 26), calculate the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300). - Correlate the geographical locations of the identified vehicles (22, 24, 26) with the calculated atmospheric parameters, and - Determine atmospheric parameters in the direction between the navigation satellite (2) and the determined geographical location of the vehicle (22, 24, 26).

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The method is performed during a motion session, which includes the movement of vehicles (22, 24, 26) from a geographic starting point to a geographic ending point.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, The method includes: - Select a measurement segment from the signal data. - Determine the geographical location of the vehicle (22, 24, 26) based on the selected measurement segments of the signal data. - Based on the selected measurement segment of the signal data, determine the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) provided to the vehicles (22, 24, 26). - Calculate the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) provided to the vehicle (22, 24, 26) based on the atmospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal (5).

18. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that, The method includes: - At predetermined time intervals or during the motion session, calculate atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) and determine the geographic location of the vehicle (22, 24, 26); or - Select two or more measurement segments from the signal data at predetermined time intervals, and calculate the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) and determine the geographical location of the vehicle (22, 24, 26) based on the selected two or more measurement segments of the signal; or - At one or more predetermined time points, or at one or more predetermined time points during the said motion session, calculate the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) and determine the geographical location of the vehicle (22, 24, 26); or - Select one or more measurement segments from the signal data based on one or more predetermined time points, and calculate the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) and determine the geographical location of the vehicle (22, 24, 26) based on the selected one or more measurement segments of the signal.

19. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that, The method includes: - Based on the position of the vehicle (24, 25, 26) determined based on the signal data, at one or more predetermined distances along the vehicle (24, 25, 26), or based on the position of the vehicle (24, 25, 26) determined based on the signal data, at one or more predetermined distances during the motion session, calculate the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300); or - Select one or more measurement segments from the signal data based on one or more predetermined distances traveled along the vehicle (24, 25, 26), and calculate the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) and determine the geographical location of the vehicle (22, 24, 26) based on the selected one or more measurement segments of the signal; or - Based on the position of the vehicle (24, 25, 26) determined based on the signal data, at one or more predetermined geographical locations along the movement of the vehicle (24, 25, 26), or based on the position of the vehicle (24, 25, 26) determined based on the signal data, at one or more predetermined geographical locations during the movement session, calculate the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300); or - Select one or more measurement segments from the signal data based on one or more predetermined geographical locations along the vehicle (24, 25, 26), and calculate the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) based on the selected one or more measurement segments of the signal, and determine the geographical location of the vehicle (22, 24, 26).

20. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, The method includes: - Continuously calculate atmospheric parameters between navigation satellite (2) and client node (300) and continuously determine the geographical location of vehicles (22, 24, 26); or - During the motion session of the vehicle (24, 25, 26), the atmospheric parameters between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) are continuously calculated and the geographical location of the vehicle (22, 24, 26) is continuously determined.

21. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that, The method includes: - The operation of the vehicle network node (100) that controls vehicles (22, 24, 26) based on signal data received from the client node (300); or - Based on the signal data received from the client node (300), the vehicle control module (123) is used to control the timing, or synchronization, or timing and synchronization of the vehicle network node (100) of the vehicles (22, 24, 26).

22. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 21, characterized in that, The method includes: - The atmospheric parameters are calculated in the client node (300) of the vehicles (22, 24, 26), the signal data received from the client node (300) in the vehicle network node (100) includes the calculated atmospheric parameters, and the vehicle communication module (122) of the vehicle network node (100) is configured to transmit signal data including the calculated atmospheric parameters; or - The atmospheric parameters are calculated in the vehicle network node (100) of the vehicles (22, 24, 26), and the vehicle communication module (122) of the vehicle network node (100) is configured to transmit signal data including the calculated atmospheric parameters; or - Receive signal data from the vehicle network node (100) via the network in the external meteorological modeling server (329), and calculate the atmospheric parameters in the external meteorological modeling server (329); or - The atmospheric parameters are computed in a distributed manner using at least two of the following: a client node (300), a vehicle network node (100), and an external meteorological modeling server (329) arranged to be in a data exchange connection with the vehicle network node (100).

23. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 22, characterized in that, The method includes: - The geographical location of the vehicles (22, 24, 26) is determined in the client node (300) of the vehicles (22, 24, 26), and signal data received from the client node (300) in the vehicle network node (100) includes the determined geographical location of the vehicles (22, 24, 26), and the vehicle communication module (122) of the vehicle network node (100) is configured to transmit signal data including the determined geographical location of the vehicles (22, 24, 26); or - The geographical location of vehicles (22, 24, 26) is determined in the vehicle network node (100) of the vehicles (22, 24, 26), and the vehicle communication module (122) of the vehicle network node (100) is configured to transmit signal data including the determined geographical location of the vehicles (22, 24, 26); or - Signal data is received from the vehicle network node (100) via the network in the external meteorological modeling server (329), and the geographical location of the vehicle (22, 24, 26) is determined in the external meteorological modeling server (329).

24. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 23, characterized in that, The method includes: - Determine the tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite signal (5) between the navigation satellite (2) and the client node (300) of the vehicle (22, 24, 26) based on the signal data; or - Determine the tropospheric delay of the navigation satellite system signal (5) between two or more navigation satellites (2) and the client node (300) of the vehicle (20, 22, 24) based on the signal data.

25. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 24, characterized in that, The method includes performing global navigation satellite system tomography on atmospheric parameters between two or more navigation satellites (2) and client nodes (300) of vehicles (22, 24, 26) based on the signal data.

26. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 25, characterized in that, The method includes: - The method may be performed simultaneously in association with two or more vehicles (22, 24, 26); or - The method is performed simultaneously in association with two or more vehicles (22, 24, 26) targeting a predetermined geographical area; or - The method is performed simultaneously for two or more different predetermined geographical areas in association with two or more vehicles (22, 24, 26).

27. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 26, characterized in that, The atmospheric parameter is one or more of the following: - Atmospheric refractive index; - Water vapor; - temperature; - pressure; - Humidity; - Liquid water; - Ice; and - wind.

28. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 27, characterized in that, The method is performed using the system according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

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