Method and apparatus for performing communication in a wireless communication system

Abstract

A method of wireless communication performed by a device and a device supporting the method are provided. The method can include obtaining orbital information including information related to a location of a satellite, obtaining a timing advance including a first timing advance and a second timing advance based on a location of the device and the location of the satellite, reporting the first timing advance, and reporting the second timing advance. For example, a granularity for reporting the first timing advance can be one slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kilohertz (kHz). A granularity for reporting the second timing advance can be less than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] 5G NR is the successor to LTE and a new, zero-based mobile communication system with features such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, including low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] 6G (wireless communication) systems have objectives such as (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) networked intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision for 6G systems can include four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and 6G systems can meet the requirements shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 shows the requirements for 6G systems.

[0004] [Table 1] Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical issues

[0006] This disclosure provides methods and apparatus for effectively providing services in a wireless communication system. Specifically, this disclosure provides methods and apparatus for communication.

[0007] Technical solution

[0008] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a method performed by an apparatus can be provided. For example, the method may include: obtaining ephemeris information including information related to the position of a satellite; obtaining a timing advance including a first timing advance and a second timing advance based on the position of the apparatus and the position of the satellite; reporting the first timing advance; and reporting the second timing advance. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance may be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance may be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0009] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, an apparatus can be provided. The apparatus may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the apparatus to perform operations including: obtaining ephemeris information including information related to the position of a satellite; obtaining a timing advance including a first timing advance and a second timing advance based on the position of the apparatus and the position of the satellite; reporting the first timing advance; and reporting the second timing advance. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance may be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance may be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0010] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for a control device can be provided. The processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the device to perform operations including: obtaining ephemeris information including information related to the position of a satellite; obtaining a timing advance including a first timing advance and a second timing advance based on the position of the device and the position of the satellite; reporting the first timing advance; and reporting the second timing advance. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance may be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance may be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0011] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions can cause a device to perform operations including: obtaining ephemeris information including information related to the position of a satellite; obtaining a timing advance including a first timing advance and a second timing advance based on the device's position and the satellite's position; reporting the first timing advance; and reporting the second timing advance. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance can be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance can be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0012] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a method performed by a base station can be provided. For example, the method may include: sending ephemeris information including information related to the satellite's position to a device; receiving a first timing advance report from the device; and receiving a second timing advance report from the device. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance may be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance may be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0013] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a base station can be provided. The base station may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, can cause the base station to perform operations including: sending ephemeris information including information related to the position of a satellite to a device; receiving a first timing advance report from the device; and receiving a second timing advance report from the device. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance may be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance may be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0014] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for controlling a base station can be provided. The processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the base station to perform operations including: sending ephemeris information to the apparatus including information related to the position of a satellite; receiving a first timing advance report from the apparatus; and receiving a second timing advance report from the apparatus. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance may be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance may be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0015] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions can cause a base station to perform operations including: sending ephemeris information to a device including information related to the position of a satellite; receiving a report of a first timing advance from the device; and receiving a report of a second timing advance from the device. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance can be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance can be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0016] Beneficial effects

[0017] This disclosure provides methods and apparatus for efficiently providing services in wireless communication systems. For example, communication can be performed efficiently through the embodiments proposed in this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 The communication process between devices based on embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0019] Figure 2 A radio protocol architecture based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0020] Figure 3 The structure of a radio frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0021] Figure 4 The time slot structure of a frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0022] Figure 5 An example of a BWP based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0023] Figure 6 This illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0024] Figure 7 An example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, is shown.

[0025] Figure 8 The process of downlink transmission and reception based on an embodiment of this disclosure is illustrated.

[0026] Figure 9 The process of uplink transmission and reception based on an embodiment of this disclosure is illustrated.

[0027] Figure 10 An example of an NTN based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0028] Figure 11 Examples of K_offset and K_mac based on embodiments of this disclosure are shown.

[0029] Figure 12 Examples of UE-specific TAs and public TAs based on embodiments of this disclosure are shown.

[0030] Figure 13 An example of an uplink-downlink timing relationship based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0031] Figure 14 An example of beam / cell TA mismatch based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0032] Figure 15 An example of a TA reporting process based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0033] Figure 16 A method for performing wireless communication by a device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0034] Figure 17 A method for performing wireless communication by a base station based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0035] Figure 18A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0036] Figure 19 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0037] Figure 20 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0038] Figure 21 Another example of a wireless device based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0039] Figure 22 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0040] Figure 23 The vehicle or autonomous vehicle shown is based on an embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0041] In this disclosure, "A or B" may mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". In other words, in this disclosure, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in this disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only", or "any combination of A, B and C".

[0042] The forward slash ( / ) or comma used in this disclosure can mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B". Therefore, "A / B" can mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C".

[0043] In this disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Furthermore, in this disclosure, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0044] Additionally, in this disclosure, "at least one of A, B, and C" may mean "A only", "B only", "C only" or "any combination of A, B, and C". Furthermore, "at least one of A, B, or C" or "at least one of A, B, and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0045] Additionally, the brackets used in this disclosure may mean "for example". Specifically, when indicated as "Control Message (PDCCH)", this may mean that "PDCCH" is cited as an example of "Control Message". In other words, "Control Message" in this disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDCCH" may be cited as an example of "Control Message". Furthermore, when indicated as "Control Message (i.e., PDCCH)", this may also mean that "PDCCH" is cited as an example of "Control Message".

[0046] In the following description, "when, if, or in the case of" can be replaced with "based on".

[0047] The technical features described in one of the accompanying drawings of this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0048] In this disclosure, higher-layer parameters can be parameters configured, pre-configured, or predefined for the UE. For example, a base station or network can send higher-layer parameters to the UE. For example, higher-layer parameters can be sent via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or Media Access Control (MAC) signaling.

[0049] In this disclosure, the term "configured or defined" can be interpreted as pre-configuring or configuring a device via predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, downlink control information (DCI), etc.) from a base station or network. In this disclosure, the term "configured or defined" can also be interpreted as pre-configuring or configuring a device via predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, sidelink control information (SCI), control information signaled between devices, etc.) from another device. In this disclosure, the term "configured or defined" can be interpreted as pre-configuring a device.

[0050] In this disclosure, User Equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In this disclosure, Base Station (BS) may refer to a Radio Access Network (RAN) node, a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) cell / node, a Transmit / Receive Point (TRP), a network, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0051] The techniques proposed in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / Enhanced Data Rate GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and 5G NR.

[0052] The technologies proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technologies and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key features such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0053] Figure 1 The communication process between devices based on embodiments of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 1 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0054] Reference Figure 1 In step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be at least one of the UE and / or the devices proposed in this disclosure. For example, the second device can be at least one of the base station, network, RAN node, NTN node / cell, TRP, UE and / or the devices proposed in this disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted based on rules predefined by the second device. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include multiple synchronization signals based on structure or purpose classification (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, etc.). In this way, the first device can check the boundaries of the frames, subframes, time units, time slots and / or symbols of the second device, and the first device can obtain information for the second device (e.g., cell identifier).

[0055] In step S103, the first device may obtain system information sent by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device required to access the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be categorized based on content (e.g., whether it is inherently necessary for access), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is based on on-demand provision), etc. For example, the system information may be categorized into Main Information Blocks (MIBs) and System Information Blocks (SIBs). For example, the first device may send a signal requesting system information before receiving it, as needed. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after the random access procedure described later.

[0056] In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can send and / or receive at least one message (e.g., random access preamble, random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to the random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, supported preamble structure, etc.). For example, the first device can send a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, and the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), and the first device can send a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as a single message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as a single message (e.g., MsgB).

[0057] In step S107, the first and second devices can execute signaling for control information. Here, for example, the control information can be defined in various layers, such as layers controlling connections (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer), layers handling the mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., Medium Access Control (MAC) layer), layers handling physical channels (e.g., Physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first and second devices can execute at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining communication-related configurations, and / or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information can be signaled / sent via a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel can be used to schedule data, data channels (e.g., shared channels), and / or control information on data channels.

[0058] In step S109, the first and second devices can transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first and second devices can process data based on signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive data. For example, when transmitting data, the first or second device can perform at least one of channel coding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first or second device can perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0059] For example, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the first device and the second device can be classified as Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), and Layer 3 (L3), etc. For instance, the physical layer, belonging to Layer 1, can provide information transmission services using physical channels, and the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located in Layer 3, can perform the function of controlling radio resources between the first and second devices. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first and second devices.

[0060] Figure 2 A radio protocol architecture based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 2 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. For example, Figure 2 (a) may show the radio protocol stack for the user plane used for uplink or downlink communication, and Figure 2 (b) may show the radio protocol stack for the control plane used for uplink or downlink communication. For example, Figure 2 (c) can illustrate the radio protocol stack for the user plane used for inter-device communication, and Figure 2 (d) can show the radio protocol stack of the control plane used for inter-device communication.

[0061] For example, the physical layer can use physical channels to provide information transmission services to higher layers. For example, the physical layer can connect to the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, which is a higher layer, via a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer via a transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified based on how and what characteristics are used to transmit data through the radio interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers (i.e., between the physical layers of a first device and a second device) via a physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be used as radio resources.

[0062] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the higher-level Radio Link Control (RLC) layer via logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide mapping functionality from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide logical channel multiplexing functionality by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services over logical channels.

[0063] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the Radio Bearer (RB), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ).

[0064] For example, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer can be defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer can be used to control logical, transport, and physical channels related to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. For example, RB can refer to a logical path provided by first (e.g., the physical layer) and second layers (e.g., the MAC layer, RLC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, etc.) for data delivery between a first device and a second device.

[0065] For example, the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the delivery of user data, header compression, and encryption. Similarly, the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0066] For example, RB configuration can refer to the process of specifying radio protocol layers and channel attributes to provide a specific service and configuring each specific parameter and operating method. For instance, RBs can be divided into two types: Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs) and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs). For example, an SRB can be used as a path for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB can be used as a path for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0067] For example, the downlink transport channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and / or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or other control messages. For example, in the case of traffic or control messages in downlink multicast or broadcast services, they may be transmitted via the downlink SCH, or they may be transmitted via a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, the uplink transport channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages and / or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or other control messages. For example, the logical channel located above the transport channel and mapped to the transport channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0068] Figure 3 The structure of a radio frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 3 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0069] Reference Figure 3 For example, radio frames can be used for uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or inter-device transmission. For example, a radio frame can be 10 ms long and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame can include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe can be divided into one or more time slots, and the number of time slots within a subframe can be determined based on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, based on the cyclic prefix (CP), each time slot can include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols.

[0070] For example, in the case of using normal CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols. For example, in the case of using extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and / or single-carrier-FDMA (SC-FDMA) symbols (or discrete Fourier transform spread spectrum-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols).

[0071] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot based on SCS configuration (u) when using normal CP or extended CP. Number of time slots per frame ( ) and the number of time slots per subframe ( Examples of ).

[0072] [Table 2]

[0073] For example, OFDM(A) parameter sets (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) can be configured differently across multiple cells aggregated to a single UE. Correspondingly, the (absolute time) duration of time resources (e.g., subframes, time slots, or transmission time intervals (TTIs)) configured with the same number of symbols can be configured differently across the aggregated cells. For example, in this disclosure, time resources such as subframes, time slots, TTIs, etc., can be referred to as time units.

[0074] For example, multiple parameter sets or SCSs can be supported to support various services. For instance, with an SCS of 15kHz, wide-area coverage in conventional cellular bands can be supported, while with an SCS of 30kHz / 60kHz, dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth can be supported. For instance, with an SCS of 60kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than 24.25GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0075] Figure 4 The time slot structure of a frame based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 4 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0076] Reference Figure 4 For example, a time slot can include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier can include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) can be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth portion (BWP) can be defined as multiple consecutive (physical) resource blocks ((P)RBs) in the frequency domain and can correspond to a set of parameters (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier can include up to N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication can be performed by activating BWPs. For example, each element in a resource grid can be called a resource element (RE), and a complex symbol can be mapped to each element.

[0077] For example, a BWP can be a set of consecutive PRBs in a given parameter set. For example, a PRB can be selected from a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (CRBs) in a given parameter set on a given carrier.

[0078] For example, a BWP can be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, a UE may not monitor downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the primary cell (PCell). For example, a UE may not receive the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), or Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) (except for Radio Resource Management (RRM)) other than the active DL BWP. For example, a UE may not trigger Channel State Information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, a UE may not transmit the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) or Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) other than the active UL BWP. For example, in the downlink case, the initial BWP can be given as a set of contiguous resource blocks (RBs) for the Residual Minimal System Information (RMSI) Control Resource Set (CORESET) (configured by the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)). For example, in the uplink case, the initial BWP can be given by a System Information Block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be configured by higher layers. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP. To save energy, if the UE does not detect downlink control information (DCI) for a certain period of time, the UE can switch its active BWP to the default BWP.

[0079] Figure 5 An example of a BWP based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 5 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure. Figure 5 In this implementation, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0080] Reference Figure 5 For example, a common resource block (CRB) can be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier frequency band to the other, and a PRB can be a resource block numbered within each BWP. For example, point A can indicate a common reference point of the resource block grid.

[0081] For example, a BWP can be configured by point A, an offset NstartBWP from point A, and a bandwidth NsizeBWP. For example, point A can be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier, where all parameter sets (e.g., all parameter sets supported by the network on the corresponding carrier) are 0-aligned with subcarriers. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given parameter set and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given parameter set.

[0082] Figure 6 This illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system based on an embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 6 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0083] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), terahertz (THz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space light (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, non-cellular communication, wireless information and power transfer (WIET), integrated sensing and communication, integrated access and backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analytics, and large-scale intelligent surfaces (LIS) can be adopted.

[0084] - Artificial Intelligence (AI): When AI is introduced into communication, real-time data transmission can be simplified and improved. AI can use numerous analyses to determine methods for performing complex target tasks. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming operations such as switching, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine interactions. Additionally, AI can enable instant communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-maintaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0085] - Terahertz (THz) Communication: Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves are referred to as submillimeter radiation, typically indicating a frequency band between 0.1THz and 10THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03mm to 3mm. The 100GHz to 300GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered the main part of the THz band used for cellular communication. 6G cellular communication capacity increases when the sub-THz band is added to the millimeter-wave band. The defined THz band of 300GHz to 3THz is in the far-infrared (IR) band. The 300GHz to 3THz band is part of the optical band, but it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately follows the RF band. Therefore, the 300GHz to 3THz band is similar to RF. The main characteristics of THz communication include (i) a wide bandwidth that can be used to support very high data rates and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated in highly directional antennas reduces interference. The short wavelength of THz signals allows for the integration of a greater number of antenna elements with devices and base stations operating in this band. Therefore, advanced adaptive placement techniques capable of overcoming range limitations can be used.

[0086] - Massive MIMO technology (MMIMO)

[0087] - Holographic Beamforming (HBF)

[0088] - Optical wireless technology

[0089] - Free Space Light (FSO) Backhaul Network

[0090] - Quantum communication

[0091] - Cellular communication

[0092] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0093] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0094] - Integrated access and backhaul networks

[0095] Big Data Analytics

[0096] - Reconfigurable smart surfaces

[0097] - Metaverse

[0098] - Blockchain

[0099] - Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing Urban Air Mobility (UAM), Regional Air Mobility (RAM), and Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and Unmanned Aircraft (UAV).

[0100] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): Vehicle-to-everything (V2X), a core element in establishing autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that enables vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I).

[0101] - Non-terrestrial Network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources installed on a satellite (or UAS platform). NTN services can be considered to ensure wider coverage or to provide wireless communication services to areas where installing wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0102] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology enabler that acquires information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. It uses radio frequency to determine the distance (range), angle, or instantaneous linear velocity of objects.

[0103] - Reconfigurable Smart Surfaces (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, an RIS can consist of a metasurface or many small antennas arranged on a surface, and each small antenna can actively adjust the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc., of the reflected signal. For example, an RIS can improve signal reception by adjusting the path, phase, and / or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of an RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for adjusting the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because an RIS can be reconfigured according to various environments, it can meet various communication requirements and can operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0104] Figure 7 An example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, based on an embodiment of the present disclosure, is shown. Figure 7 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0105] Reference Figure 7 NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, High Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) (HIBS) serving as International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and UEs capable of over-the-air communication (e.g., AAM). For example, for purposes such as coverage enhancement, devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and UEs capable of over-the-air communication (e.g., AAM) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with base stations, satellite networks, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a UE, another AAM, etc.

[0106] Figure 8 The process of downlink transmission and reception based on an embodiment of this disclosure is illustrated. Figure 8 The implementation methods may be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operations of some implementation methods may be omitted.

[0107] Figure 8 The process of downlink transmission and reception according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. Figure 8 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0108] Reference Figure 8 For example, in step S801, the base station can schedule downlink transmissions, such as frequency / time resources, transmission layer, downlink precoder, MCS, etc. For example, the base station can determine the beam for PDSCH transmission to the UE through the above operations.

[0109] For example, in step S802, the UE can receive downlink control information (DCI) for downlink scheduling (e.g., scheduling information from the PDSCH) from the base station on the PDCCH. For example, DCI format 1_0 or 1_1 can be used for downlink scheduling, and specifically, DCI format 1_1 can include the following information: DCI format identifier, bandwidth portion indicator, frequency domain resource allocation, time domain resource allocation, PRB bundle size indicator, rate matching indicator, ZP CSI-RS trigger, antenna port, transmit configuration indicator (TCI), SRS request, and demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence initialization.

[0110] For example, the number of DMRS ports can be scheduled based on each state indicated in the antenna port field, and single-user (SU) / multi-user (MU) transmission scheduling can also be performed.

[0111] For example, the TCI field consists of 3 bits, and the QCL for DMRS can be dynamically indicated by indicating up to 8 TCI states based on the TCI field value.

[0112] For example, in step S803, the UE can receive downlink data from the base station on the PDSCH.

[0113] For example, if the UE detects a PDSCH containing DCI format 1_0 or 1_1, the UE can decode the PDSCH according to the corresponding DCI indication.

[0114] For example, when a UE receives a PDSCH scheduled by DCI format 1, the UE can configure a DMRS configuration type through the higher-layer parameter "dmrs-Type", and this DMRS type can be used to receive the PDSCH. For example, the UE can configure the maximum number of preceding DMRS symbols for the PDSCH through the higher-layer parameter "maxLength".

[0115] For example, in the case of DMRS configuration type 1, if the UE is scheduled with a single codeword and is assigned an antenna port mapped to index {2, 9, 10, 11 or 30}, or if the UE is scheduled with two codewords, the UE can assume that all remaining orthogonal antenna ports are not associated with PDSCH transmission to another UE.

[0116] For example, in the case of DMRS configuration type 2, if the UE is scheduled with a single codeword and is assigned an antenna port mapped to index {2, 10, or 23}, or if the UE is scheduled with two codewords, the UE can assume that all remaining orthogonal antenna ports are not associated with PDSCH transmission to another UE.

[0117] For example, when a UE receives a PDSCH, the precoding granularity P' can be assumed to be a contiguous resource block in the frequency domain. For example, P' can correspond to a value in {2, 4, wideband}.

[0118] For example, if P' is determined to be wideband, the UE may not expect to be scheduled with discontinuous PRBs, and the UE may assume that the same precoding is applied to the allocated resources.

[0119] For example, if P' is determined to be any one of {2, 4}, then a precoded resource block group (PRG) can be divided into P' consecutive PRBs. For example, the actual number of consecutive PRBs within each PRG can be one or more. For example, the UE can assume that the same precoding is applied to consecutive downlink PRBs within the PRG.

[0120] For example, to enable the UE to determine the modulation order, target code rate, and transport block size within the PDSCH, the UE can first read the 5-bit MCD field in the DCI and determine the modulation order and target code rate. Additionally, the UE can read the redundancy version field in the DCI and determine the redundancy version. Furthermore, the UE can determine the transport block size by using the number of layers prior to rate matching and the total number of allocated PRBs.

[0121] Figure 9 The process of uplink transmission and reception based on an embodiment of this disclosure is illustrated. Figure 9 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0122] Reference Figure 9 For example, in step S901, the base station can schedule uplink transmissions, such as frequency / time resources, transmission layer, uplink precoder, MCS, etc. For example, the base station can determine the beam for PUSCH transmission for the UE through the above operations.

[0123] For example, in step S902, the UE can receive DCI for uplink scheduling (e.g., scheduling information for PUSCH) from the base station on the PDCCH.

[0124] For example, DCI format 0_0 or 0_1 can be used for uplink scheduling, and specifically, DCI format 0_1 ​​can include the following information: DCI format identifier, UL / SUL (Supplementary Uplink) indicator, bandwidth portion indicator, frequency domain resource allocation, time domain resource allocation, frequency hopping flag, modulation and coding scheme (MCS), SRS resource indicator (SRI), precoding information and layer number, antenna port, SRS request, DMRS sequence initialization, and UL-SCH indicator.

[0125] For example, SRS resources configured within an SRS resource set associated with the high-level parameter "usage" can be indicated by the SRS resource indicator field. For instance, "spatialRelationInfo" can be configured for each SRS resource, and its value can be one of {CRI, SSB, SRI}.

[0126] For example, in step S903, the UE can send uplink data to the base station on the PUSCH.

[0127] For example, when the UE detects a PDCCH containing DCI format 0_0 or 0_1, the UE can send the corresponding PUSCH according to the indication of the corresponding DCI.

[0128] For example, two transmission schemes can be supported (e.g., codebook-based transmission for PUSCH transmission and non-codebook-based transmission for PUSCH transmission): i) For example, when the higher-layer parameter "txConfig" is set to "codebook", the UE can be configured for codebook-based transmission. For example, when the higher-layer parameter "txConfig" is set to "nonCodebook", the UE can be configured for non-codebook-based transmission. For example, when the higher-layer parameter "txConfig" is not configured, the UE may not expect to be scheduled by DCI format 0_1. For example, when PUSCH is scheduled by DCI format 0_0, PUSCH transmission can be based on a single antenna port.

[0129] For example, in the case of codebook-based transmission, the PUSCH can be scheduled by DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, or semi-static scheduling. For example, when the PUSCH is scheduled by DCI format 0_1, the UE can determine the PUSCH transmission precoder based on the SRI, TPMI (Transmit Precoding Matrix Indicator), and transmission rank from the DCI, as given by the SRS Resource Indicator field and the precoding information and layer digital field. For example, the TPMI can be used to indicate the precoder to be applied across antenna ports, and when multiple SRS resources are configured, the TPMI can correspond to the SRS resource selected by the SRI. For example, when a single SRS resource is configured, the TPMI can be used to indicate the precoder to be applied across antenna ports and can correspond to that single SRS resource. For example, the transmission precoder can be selected from an uplink codebook with the same number of antenna ports as the higher-layer parameter "nrofSRS-Ports". For example, when the UE is configured with the higher-layer parameter "txConfig" set to "codebook", at least one SRS resource can be configured. For example, the SRI indicated in slot n is associated with the most recent transmission of the SRS resource identified by the SRI, which may precede the PDCCH carrying the SRI (e.g., in slot n).

[0130] ii) For example, in the case of non-codebook-based transmission, the PUSCH can be scheduled by DCI format 0_0, DCI format 0_1, or semi-static scheduling. For example, when multiple SRS resources are configured, the UE can determine the PUSCH precoder and transmission rank based on the wideband SRI, where the SRI can be given by the SRS resource indicator in the DCI or by the higher-layer parameter "srs-ResourceIndicator". For example, the UE can use one or more SRS resources for SRS transmission, where the number of SRS resources for simultaneous transmission within the same RB is configured based on the UE's capabilities. For example, only one SRS port can be configured for each SRS resource. For example, only one SRS resource can be configured with the higher-layer parameter "usage" set to "nonCodebook". For example, the maximum number of SRS resources that can be configured for non-codebook-based uplink transmission can be 4. For example, the SRI indicated in slot n is associated with the most recent transmission of the SRS resource identified by the SRI, where the SRS transmission can occur before the PDCCH carrying the SRI (e.g., in slot n).

[0131] Figure 10 An example of an NTN based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 10 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, and methods can be omitted.

[0132] Reference Figure 10 Examples can be shown based on the NTN platform type. For example, examples based on the NTN platform type could be High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS), Low Earth Orbit (LEO), Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), or Geostationary Orbit (GEO).

[0133] For example, parameters related to a High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) can be as follows. For example, the altitude of the HAPS can be 20 km. For example, the beam coverage area of ​​the HAPS can be 5-200 km.

[0134] For example, parameters related to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) can be as follows: For example, the altitude of LEO can be 300-1500 km. For example, the beam coverage area of ​​LEO can be 100-1000 km. For example, the satellite velocity of LEO can be 7.56 km / s (for LEO-600). For example, the maximum propagation delay of LEO can be 25.77 ms (for LEO-600).

[0135] For example, parameters related to Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) can be as follows. For example, the altitude of MEO can be 7000-25000 km. For example, the beam coverage area of ​​MEO can be 100-1500 km. For example, the maximum propagation delay of MEO can be 95.19 ms (for MEO-10000).

[0136] For example, the parameters associated with geostationary orbit (GEO) can be as follows: For example, the altitude of geostationary orbit (GEO) can be 35,786 km. For example, the beam coverage area of ​​geostationary orbit (GEO) can be 200-3,500 km. For example, the satellite velocity of geostationary orbit (GEO) can be 3.1 km / s (negligible). For example, the maximum propagation delay of geostationary orbit (GEO) can be 541.46 ms.

[0137] For example, in order to efficiently operate an NTN with a very long RTT, K_offset and K_mac can be introduced as scheduling offsets.

[0138] Figure 11 Examples of K_offset and K_mac based on embodiments of this disclosure are shown. Figure 11 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, and methods can be omitted.

[0139] Reference Figure 11 For example, examples of K_offset and K_mac can be shown. For example, the serving link RTT can be the RTT between the UE and the satellite. For example, the feeder link RTT can be the RTT between the satellite and the base station. For example, the common TA can be the TA between the satellite and the RP. For example, K_offset can be the offset of the RTT relative to the uplink time synchronization reference point (RP). For example, K_offset can refer to the sum of the serving link RTT and the common TA (if indicated). For example, K_mac can be the offset of the RTT relative to the RP and the gNB. For example, the feeder link RTT can refer to the sum of the common TA (if indicated) and K_mac.

[0140] Figure 12 Examples of UE-specific TAs and public TAs based on embodiments of this disclosure are shown. Figure 12 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, and methods can be omitted.

[0141] Reference Figure 12 For example, in Rel-17 NTN, based on the UE's GNSS capabilities and base station indication information (e.g., ephemeris information), the UE itself can calculate the TA, and this can be referred to as the UE-specific TA. For instance, the TA calculated based on common TA parameters indicated by the base station can be referred to as the common TA, and the final TA based on this can be based on... Figure 13 and with Figure 13 Related descriptions.

[0142] Figure 13 An example of an uplink-downlink timing relationship based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 13 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, and methods can be omitted.

[0143] Reference Figure 13 The uplink frame number i used to send from the UE can be before the start of the corresponding downlink frame at the UE. In the beginning, among them

[0144] - and This can be given by Clause 4.2 of TS 38.213, except for msgA sent on PUSCH (where msgA should be used). = 0); - From high-level parameters TACommon , TACommonDrift and TACommonDriftVariation Derivation (if configured), otherwise ; - It can be calculated by the UE based on higher-level parameters related to the UE's location and serving satellite ephemeris (if configured); otherwise... .

[0145] For example, TA mismatch can be publicly identified. For instance, in NR NTN, TA mismatch may occur if the gNB does not receive any TA reports, or if existing TA reports are outdated, or if the TA report granularity is insufficient. For example, if the UE does not perform TA reporting at all, the gNB cannot set some key scheduling variables (e.g., K_(cell,offset), K_(UE,offset)), so this scenario (e.g., no TA report) may not be considered feasible. Therefore, assuming the UE performs TA reporting, the amount of TA mismatch due to TA report aging and / or TA report granularity should be investigated. For example, when the UE performs TA reporting in NR NTN, TA mismatch may occur primarily due to outdated TA reports and / or coarse TA report granularity. For example, for HD-FDD(e)RedCap UE support, it may be necessary to address the quantitative level of TA mismatch between the gNB and the UE.

[0146] Meanwhile, the differences caused by outdated TA reports may occur when the UE location changes, and may occur proportionally to the RTT difference based on the UE location within the cell (e.g., the difference between the minimum TA and the maximum TA).

[0147] Figure 14 An example of beam / cell TA mismatch based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 14 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, and methods can be omitted.

[0148] Reference Figure 14 For example, assuming an LEO of 600km, a beam size of 50km, and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the shortest RTT (minimum TA) and the longest RTT (maximum TA) can be within about 300μs, which can correspond to about 4 to 5 OFDM symbols with a 15kHz SCS.

[0149] For example, assuming an LEO of 600km, a beam size of 50km, and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the shortest RTT (minimum TA) and the longest RTT (maximum TA) can be within approximately 300μs, which corresponds to about 4-5 OFDM symbols with a 15kHz SCS. For example, considering a TA reporting granularity of 1ms in the NTN (e.g., 14 OFDM symbols with a 15kHz SCS), for the LEO example, the primary cause of TA mismatch could be TA reporting granularity rather than outdated TA reporting. For example, for an LEO of 600km, a beam size of 50km, and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the minimum TA and the maximum TA can be smaller than the TA reporting granularity (e.g., 1ms). For example, for HD-FDD(e)RedCap UE support, it may be necessary to address the issue of enhanced TA reporting mechanisms, particularly the issue of TA reporting granularity.

[0150] For example, a RedCap UE and / or eRedCap UE that supports half-duplex operation can be supported in a next-generation NTN system, and the UE may have limitations that prevent it from simultaneously performing DL reception and UL transmission. For example, in an NTN system, the UE can calculate a first TA value based on the distance between the UE and the satellite, based on the UE's location and satellite-related location information provided from ephemeris information, and / or can report this TA value to the base station in the form of the number of time slots based on a 15kHz SCS.

[0151] For example, due to the granularity limitations of TA reports, the time overlap between DL reception timing and UL transmission timing at the UE, as identified by the base station, may differ from the actual time overlap between the DL reception timing and UL transmission timing at the UE. For instance, in the above scenario, resources scheduled / configured by the base station to prevent DL reception and UL transmission from overlapping at the UE may actually overlap at the UE.

[0152] For example, the granularity of the TA value calculated and compensated by the UE based on the UE's location and satellite-related location information provided from ephemeris information can be the same as and / or an integer multiple of each other as the TA value reported by the UE to the base station.

[0153] For example, the granularity of the TA value calculated and compensated by the UE based on the UE's location and satellite-related location information provided from ephemeris information can be 1 ms, or it can be in the form of the number of time slots based on 15 kHz SCS.

[0154] For example, for TA values ​​calculated and compensated by the UE based on the UE's location and satellite-related location information provided from ephemeris information, the granularity of the values ​​reported to the base station can be in the form of the number of time slots based on 30kHz SCS and / or the number of symbols (groups) based on 15kHz SCS and / or 30kHz SCS and / or the number of OFDM samples (groups). For example, TA report values ​​can replace TA report values ​​in the form of the number of time slots based on (existing) 15kHz SCS, and / or can be additionally provided therein.

[0155] For example, the UE may report to the base station the difference between the TA value calculated and compensated by the UE based on the UE's location and satellite-related location information provided from ephemeris information and the TA value reported by the UE to the base station, and / or its estimated or converted value.

[0156] In NTN, for UEs with half-duplex (enhanced) reduction capability, TA mismatch can lead to conflicts between uplink transmission and downlink reception. For example, in NTN, because the granularity associated with TA reporting uses a 15kHz time slot, even if the TA changes, if the TA difference is less than 1ms, both the previously reported TA and the current TA may report the same TA value, thus causing TA mismatch. For example, TA mismatch can occur in LEO (Left-Order) environments within the NTN platform type. For instance, for LEO at 600km and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, the difference between the maximum and minimum TA is approximately 300μs or less, and this difference is less than 1ms (the granularity associated with TA reporting) using a 15kHz time slot, thus potentially causing TA mismatch. For example, when the TA changes, signaling overhead may increase by reporting the overall changed TA instead of the changed TA value.

[0157] Figure 15 An example of a TA reporting process based on an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 15 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0158] Reference Figure 15For example, in step S1510, the base station may send ephemeris information, including information related to the satellite's location, to the device. For example, in step S1520, the device may perform a first TA report. For example, in an NTN system, the UE may calculate a first TA value based on the distance between the UE and the satellite, using the UE's location and satellite-related location information provided from the ephemeris information, and / or may report this TA value to the base station in the form of a number of time slots based on a 15kHz SCS. For example, the granularity of the TA value (e.g., the first TA) calculated and compensated by the UE based on the UE's location and satellite-related location information provided from the ephemeris information may be 1 ms, or it may be in the form of a number of time slots based on a 15kHz SCS. For example, in step S1530, the device may send a second TA report to the base station. For example, although not shown, the device may send a third TA report to the base station. For example, for a TA value calculated and compensated by the UE based on the UE's location and satellite-related location information provided from ephemeris information (e.g., a second TA), the granularity of the value reported to the base station can be in the form of the number of time slots based on a 30kHz SCS and / or the number of symbols (groups) based on a 15kHz SCS and / or a 30kHz SCS and / or the number of OFDM samples (groups). For example, a TA report value (e.g., a second TA) can replace a TA report value in the form of the number of time slots based on (existing) a 15kHz SCS, and / or can be additionally provided therein. For example, the UE can (additionally) report to the base station the difference between the TA value calculated and compensated by the UE based on the UE's location and satellite-related location information provided from ephemeris information and the TA value reported by the UE to the base station, and / or its estimated or converted value (e.g., a third TA).

[0159] For example, RRC can control the timing of early reporting by configuring offsetThresholdTA. Similarly, RRC can control the timing of early reporting by configuring timingAdvanceSR.

[0160] For example, a timing advance report can be triggered when an instruction to trigger a timing advance report is received from a higher layer. For example, if the UE has not yet reported a timing advance value to the current serving cell, a timing advance report can be triggered when offsetThresholdTA is configured by a higher layer. For example, a timing advance report can be triggered when the change between the estimated current timing advance value and the last reported timing advance value is greater than or equal to offsetThresholdTA (if configured).

[0161] For example, the timing advance field associated with the timing advance report MAC CE can indicate at least one integer time slot based on a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, which is greater than or equal to the timing advance value.

[0162] According to this disclosure, for UEs with half-duplex (enhanced) reduction capability in NTN, conflicts between uplink transmission and downlink reception can be prevented by addressing TA mismatch. For example, according to this disclosure, since the granularity associated with TA reporting is smaller than that of a single 15kHz time slot, more precise TA reporting can be performed, thus preventing TA mismatch caused by a single 15kHz time slot associated with TA reporting in NTN. For example, according to this disclosure, when the TA changes, since the granularity associated with TA reporting is smaller than that of a single 15kHz time slot, more precise TA reporting can be performed, thus preventing TA mismatch caused by a single 15kHz time slot associated with TA reporting in NTN. For example, the TA mismatch problem in LEO in NTN platform types can be resolved. For example, for LEO 600km and a target elevation angle of 30 degrees, although the difference between the maximum and minimum TA is approximately 300μs or less, the TA mismatch problem can be resolved because the granularity associated with TA reporting can be smaller than 1ms corresponding to a single 15kHz time slot. For example, in NTN, when the TA changes, signaling overhead can be reduced because TA reporting can be performed with fewer bits by reporting the changed TA value instead of the entire changed TA.

[0163] For example, for a (e)RedCap UE performing NTN operation, when the DL reception scheduled by DCI overlaps with the UL transmission scheduled by DCI, the UE may prioritize the scheduled UL transmission and / or PUSCH transmission. This could be based on, for example, predicting whether a half-duplex limitation problem will occur based on whether there is a UL transmission from the UE after the base station sends the DCI to the UE.

[0164] For example, for a (e)RedCap UE performing NTN operation, when the timing of a DL reception scheduled by DCI overlaps with that of a UL transmission scheduled by DCI, the UE can perform an operation associated with the higher priority index value. For example, the priority index value for the PUCCH can also be applied equivalently to its corresponding PDSCH.

[0165] For example, for a (e)RedCap UE performing NTN operation, when the DL reception configured by dedicated higher-layer parameters overlaps with the UL transmission time configured by dedicated higher-layer parameters, the UE may prioritize CG PUSCH transmission. For instance, this could be based on the fact that when the UE omits CG PUSCH transmission, the base station may not be able to distinguish whether the UE omits CG PUSCH transmission because it has no data to transmit or because of half-duplex limitations.

[0166] For example, for a (e)RedCap UE performing NTN operation, when the DL reception configured by dedicated higher-layer parameters overlaps with the UL transmission time configured by dedicated higher-layer parameters, the UE may prioritize PDCCH monitoring for Type 0-CSS and / or Type 1-CSS and / or Type 0A-CSS and / or Type 0B-CSS and / or Type 2-CSS.

[0167] For example, for a (e)RedCap UE performing NTN operation, when the DL reception configured by dedicated higher-layer parameters overlaps with the UL transmission time configured by dedicated higher-layer parameters, the UE may prioritize SSB reception.

[0168] For example, when receiving PDCCH and / or PDSCH, the UE can be pre-instructed / configured by the base station to determine whether the PDSCH includes SIB19 and / or SIB22 and / or satellite-related information and / or drone (cell)-related information.

[0169] For example, whether SIB19 and / or SIB22 and / or satellite-related information and / or drone (cell)-related information are included can be distinguished based on different or distinguishable RNTI values ​​related to the DCI format included in the PDCCH.

[0170] For example, whether SIB19 and / or SIB22 and / or satellite-related information and / or drone (cell)-related information are included can be distinguished by specific field values ​​in the DCI format included in the PDCCH.

[0171] For example, the UE can be instructed / configured by the base station to send and / or be scheduled to send SIB19 and / or SIB22 and / or satellite-related information and / or UAV (cell)-related information, including SI window information and / or time slot information. For example, this information can be received by the UE via previously received SIB19 or SIB22. Alternatively, this information can be received by the UE via another previously received SIB.

[0172] For example, the UE can determine the SI window and / or time slots that can be transmitted and / or scheduled to be transmitted based on the epoch time and / or effective duration determined by the SIB19 and / or SIB22 previously received by the UE. For example, the UE can determine that SIB19 and / or SIB22 and / or satellite-related information and / or drone (cell)-related information can be transmitted in an SI window that overlaps with the end portion of the effective duration of the previously received SIB19 and / or SIB22, and / or in several SI windows preceding said SI window.

[0173] For example, when receiving a PDCCH that includes SI modification information received from the base station and / or a DCI format associated with the P-RNTI, the UE can distinguish whether SI modification for SIB19 and / or SIB22 is possible, or whether SI modification has been indicated. For example, in the above scheme, different RNTIs can be used and / or different POs can be used / applied.

[0174] For example, when a (RedCap and / or half-duplex) UE determines whether to perform a DL receive operation or a UL transmit operation based on a conflict between DL and UL, the UE may prioritize DL receive operations over UL transmit operations during the transmission timing of DL channels including SIB19 and / or SIB22 and / or satellite-related information and / or UAV (cell)-related information, and / or within an SI window (all or some of the time slots within which) of a DL channel that can transmit such information, and / or during PDCCH monitoring that can indicate SI modification. For example, the SI window may be restricted to an SI window configured / indicated as associated with SIB19 in SIB1. For example, the PDCCH monitoring timing to be prioritized within the SI window may be restricted to PDCCH monitoring (for SIBs) associated with an SSB used to obtain a MIB or an SSB with the highest beam quality or a beam quality greater than or equal to a specific level.

[0175] For example, for at least (reduced capability and / or half-duplex) UEs, the base station can instruct / configure a TA value based on the RTT between the UE and the serving satellite. For example, the TA value can be determined by the base station based on the type of serving satellite and / or the altitude of the serving satellite and / or the size of the satellite coverage area and / or the size of the beam coverage area and / or the beam coverage area (location) information associated with the cell, and instruct it to the UE.

[0176] For example, when a UE applies DMRS bundling to UL transmissions in the time domain, the UE can indicate to the base station during the UL transmission whether the UL transmission belongs to the same actual TDW. For example, each actual TDW can have an ID, and when the IDs are the same, it can be assumed that the UL transmissions are performed in the same actual TDW, while when different IDs are used, it can be determined that the actual TDWs between the UL transmissions are different. For example, the UE can indicate information related to the actual TDW and / or actual TDW ID information by changing the repeating DMRS sequence for each UL transmission.

[0177] For example, when a DMRS bundle or TDW is configured for a reduced-capability half-duplex UE, if DL receive or DL ​​monitoring is scheduled between two consecutive PUSCHs or between two consecutive PUCCHs, the DL receive operation can be omitted, and it can be ensured that the two transmissions are included in the same actual TDW.

[0178] For example, a reduced-capability half-duplex UE could be allowed to perform UL transmission only for a specific duration after sending a TA report to the base station. For example, information related to the specific duration (start timing and / or duration length and / or end timing) could be indicated / configured by the base station. For example, for UL transmission in another area, the UE might not expect the associated scheduling, or the UE might omit UL transmission altogether.

[0179] For example, when instructing / configuring ephemeris information to the UE, the base station can provide ephemeris information by pre-including information related to the next serving satellite in addition to information related to the currently serving satellite. For example, the next serving satellite may be the same as the currently serving satellite.

[0180] Whether and how the various embodiments of this disclosure are applied may vary depending on the type of UE (e.g., ordinary UE, RedCap UE, eRedCap UE, etc.).

[0181] Whether and how the various embodiments of this disclosure are applied may vary depending on whether they are per rollback DCI format and per non-rollback DCI format and / or per DCI format.

[0182] Whether and how the various embodiments of this disclosure are applied may vary per CSS (all or some CSSs (Type-0 and / or Type-0A and / or Type-1 and / or Type-2 and / or Type-3)) and per USS and / or per CORESET#0 and per non-zero CORESET and / or per search space and / or per CORESET.

[0183] Whether and how the various embodiments of this disclosure are applied may vary depending on the RNTI used for each PDCCH and / or the purpose used for each PDCCH (whether to perform SIB1 scheduling and / or whether to send direct messages).

[0184] Combinations of various embodiments of this disclosure may be applied differently depending on the type of satellite payload (e.g., regenerative or transparent payload).

[0185] Combinations of various embodiments of this disclosure can be applied differently depending on the type of each non-terrestrial network node (e.g., GEO, NGEO, LEO, MEO, HASP, or UAV), altitude, fixed beam coverage area, or cell mobile beam coverage area.

[0186] Figure 16 A method for performing wireless communication by a device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 16 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0187] Reference Figure 16 In step S1610, the device can obtain ephemeris information including information related to the satellite's position. In step S1620, the device can obtain a timing advance, including a first timing advance and a second timing advance, based on the device's position and the satellite's position. In step S1630, the device can report the first timing advance. In step S1640, the device can report the second timing advance. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance can be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance can be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0188] For example, the granularity used to report the second timing advance could be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz.

[0189] For example, the granularity used to report a second timing advance can be a symbol.

[0190] For example, a symbol could be a symbol using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz.

[0191] For example, a symbol could be a symbol using a subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz.

[0192] For example, the device can obtain another timing advance that differs from the timing advance that includes a first timing advance and a second timing advance, based on a change in the device's position. For example, the device can obtain a third timing advance based on the difference between the other timing advance and the first timing advance. For example, the device can report the third timing advance. For example, the granularity for reporting the third timing advance can be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0193] For example, the granularity used to report the third timing advance can be a symbol.

[0194] For example, a symbol could be a symbol using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz.

[0195] For example, a symbol could be a symbol using a subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz.

[0196] For example, ephemeris information, which includes information related to the satellite's position, can be received from a base station.

[0197] For example, the device can be used in non-terrestrial networks.

[0198] For example, the device could be a reduced-capability UE or an enhanced reduced-capability UE for non-terrestrial networks.

[0199] For example, the device can be used to avoid uplink and downlink conflicts associated with reduced-capability UEs or enhanced reduced-capability UEs that perform half-duplex operation for non-terrestrial networks.

[0200] The proposed method can be applied to an apparatus based on various embodiments of this disclosure. First, the processor 102 of apparatus 100 can obtain ephemeris information including information related to the satellite's position. Furthermore, the processor 102 of apparatus 100 can obtain a timing advance, including a first timing advance and a second timing advance, based on the location of the apparatus and the satellite's position. Furthermore, the processor 102 of apparatus 100 can control the transceiver 106 to report the first timing advance. Furthermore, the processor 102 of apparatus 100 can control the transceiver 106 to report the second timing advance. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance can be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance can be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0201] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, an apparatus can be provided. For example, the apparatus may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the apparatus to perform operations including: obtaining ephemeris information including information related to the position of a satellite; obtaining a timing advance including a first timing advance and a second timing advance based on the position of the apparatus and the position of the satellite; reporting the first timing advance; and reporting the second timing advance. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance may be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance may be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0202] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for a control device can be provided. The processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the device to perform operations including: obtaining ephemeris information including information related to the position of a satellite; obtaining a timing advance including a first timing advance and a second timing advance based on the position of the device and the position of the satellite; reporting the first timing advance; and reporting the second timing advance. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance may be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance may be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0203] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions can cause a device to perform operations including: obtaining ephemeris information including information related to the position of a satellite; obtaining a timing advance including a first timing advance and a second timing advance based on the device's position and the satellite's position; reporting the first timing advance; and reporting the second timing advance. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance can be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance can be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0204] Figure 17 A method for performing wireless communication by a base station based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 17 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0205] Reference Figure 17 In step S1710, the base station can send ephemeris information, including information related to the satellite's position, to the device. For example, a timing advance, including a first timing advance and a second timing advance, can be obtained based on the device's position and the satellite's position. In step S1720, the base station can receive a report of the first timing advance from the device. In step S1730, the base station can receive a report of the second timing advance from the device. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance can be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance can be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0206] For example, the granularity used to report the second timing advance could be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz.

[0207] For example, the granularity used to report a second timing advance can be a symbol.

[0208] For example, a symbol could be a symbol using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz.

[0209] For example, a symbol could be a symbol using a subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz.

[0210] For example, a base station can receive a report of a third timing advance. For example, a third timing advance can be obtained based on the difference between another timing advance and the aforementioned timing advance. For example, another timing advance, different from a timing advance including a first and a second timing advance, can be obtained based on a change in the location of the device. For example, the granularity for reporting the third timing advance can be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0211] For example, the granularity used to report the third timing advance can be a symbol.

[0212] For example, a symbol could be a symbol using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz.

[0213] For example, a symbol could be a symbol using a subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz.

[0214] For example, the device can be used in non-terrestrial networks.

[0215] For example, the device could be a reduced-capability UE or an enhanced reduced-capability UE for non-terrestrial networks.

[0216] For example, the device can be used to avoid uplink and downlink conflicts associated with reduced-capability UEs or enhanced reduced-capability UEs that perform half-duplex operation for non-terrestrial networks.

[0217] The proposed method can be applied to a device based on various embodiments of this disclosure. First, the processor 202 of the base station 200 can control the transceiver 206 to send ephemeris information, including information related to the satellite's position, to the device. For example, a timing advance, including a first timing advance and a second timing advance, can be obtained based on the device's position and the satellite's position. Furthermore, the processor 202 of the base station 200 can control the transceiver 206 to receive a report of the first timing advance from the device. Additionally, the processor 202 of the base station 200 can control the transceiver 206 to receive a report of the second timing advance from the device. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance can be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance can be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0218] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a base station can be provided. The base station may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, can cause the base station to perform operations including: sending ephemeris information including information related to the position of a satellite to a device; receiving a first timing advance report from the device; and receiving a second timing advance report from the device. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance may be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance may be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0219] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a processing apparatus suitable for controlling a base station can be provided. The processing apparatus may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, these instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, can cause the base station to perform operations including: sending ephemeris information to the apparatus including information related to the position of a satellite; receiving a first timing advance report from the apparatus; and receiving a second timing advance report from the apparatus. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance may be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance may be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0220] Based on embodiments of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions can be provided. For example, when executed, the instructions can cause a base station to perform operations including: sending ephemeris information to a device including information related to the position of a satellite; receiving a report of a first timing advance from the device; and receiving a report of a second timing advance from the device. For example, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance can be a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. For example, the granularity for reporting the second timing advance can be smaller than the granularity for reporting the first timing advance.

[0221] The various embodiments disclosed herein can be combined with each other.

[0222] The proposed method can be applied to the apparatus described below. First, the processor 202 of the receiving UE can be configured with at least one bandwidth portion (BWP). Then, the processor 202 of the receiving UE can control the transceiver 206 of the receiving UE to receive, on the at least one BWP, the physical channel associated with inter-UE communication (e.g., SL communication) and / or the reference signal associated with inter-UE communication (e.g., SL communication) from the transmitting UE.

[0223] The following will describe devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0224] The various descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operating procedures described in this document can be applied to, but are not limited to, various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0225] The following description will be given in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following drawings / description, unless otherwise described, the same reference numerals may denote the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks.

[0226] Figure 18 A communication system 1 based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 18The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0227] Reference Figure 18 The communication system 1, which applies various embodiments of this disclosure, includes wireless devices, base stations (BS), and networks. Herein, a wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G New RAT (NR) or Long Term Evolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G device. Wireless devices may include, but are not limited to, robots 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, extended reality (XR) devices 100c, handheld devices 100d, home appliances 100e, Internet of Things (IoT) devices 100f, and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers 400. For example, a vehicle may include a vehicle with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, and a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Herein, a vehicle may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones) and / or aircraft (AVs) (e.g., advanced air traffic (AAM)). XR devices can include augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) / mixed reality (MR) devices, and can take the form of head-up displays (HMDs), head-up displays (HUDs) installed in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Handheld devices can include smartphones, smart tablets, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches or smart glasses) and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances can include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices can include sensors and smart meters. For example, the BS and network can be implemented as wireless devices, and a particular wireless device 200a can operate as a BS / network node relative to other wireless devices.

[0228] Here, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may include narrowband Internet of Things (IoT) for low-power communication, in addition to LTE, NR, and 6G. In this case, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology and may be implemented as a standard such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. In this case, as an example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN and may be referred to by various names including enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented as at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE machine-type communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the aforementioned names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technologies implemented in the wireless devices 100a to 100f of this disclosure may include at least one of Bluetooth, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), and ZigBee, which takes into account low power communication, and are not limited to the aforementioned names. As an example, ZigBee technology may generate personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low power digital communication based on various standards including IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0229] Wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to network 300 via BS 200. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f can connect to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. Although wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via BS 200 / network 300, wireless devices 100a to 100f can perform direct communication with each other (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the BS / network. For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0230] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, or 150c can be established between wireless devices 100a to 100f / BS 200, or between BS 200 / BS 200. In this document, wireless communication / connections can be established via various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), or inter-BS communication (e.g., relay, access backhaul integration (IAB)). Wireless devices and BS / wireless devices can transmit / receive radio signals to / from each other via wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b. For example, wireless communication / connections 150a and 150b can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. For this purpose, at least a portion of various configuration information configuration processes, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, and resource mapping / demapping), and resource allocation processes for transmitting / receiving radio signals can be performed based on various proposals of this disclosure.

[0231] Figure 19 A wireless device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 19 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0232] Reference Figure 19 The first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 can transmit radio signals via various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR). In this document, {first wireless device 100 and second wireless device 200} can correspond to... Figure 18 The {Wireless Device 100x and BS 200} and / or {Wireless Device 100x and Wireless Device 100x}.

[0233] The first wireless device 100 may include one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processors 102 may control the memories 104 and / or the transceivers 106, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processors 102 may process information in the memories 104 to generate a first information / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signal via the transceivers 106. The processors 102 may receive a radio signal including a second information / signal via the transceivers 106, and then store the information obtained by processing the second information / signal in the memories 104. One or more memories 104 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and may store various information related to the operation of one or more processors 102. For example, one or more memories 104 may store software code including instructions for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 102 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed herein. In this document, one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 106 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 108. Each transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 106 may be used interchangeably with radio frequency (RF) units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0234] The second wireless device 200 may include one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and may additionally include one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processors 202 may control the memories 204 and / or the transceivers 206, and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processors 202 may process information in the memories 204 to generate a third message / signal, and then transmit a radio signal including the third message / signal via the transceivers 206. The processors 202 may receive a radio signal including a fourth message / signal via the transceivers 206, and then store the information obtained by processing the fourth message / signal in the memories 204. One or more memories 204 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and may store various information related to the operation of one or more processors 202. For example, one or more memories 204 may store software code including instructions for performing part or all of the processing controlled by one or more processors 202 or for performing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. In this document, one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). One or more transceivers 206 may be connected to one or more processors 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via one or more antennas 208. Each transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. One or more transceivers 206 may be used interchangeably with RF units. In this disclosure, a wireless device may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0235] The hardware elements of wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail below. One or more protocol layers may be implemented by, but are not limited to, one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors 102 and 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document, and provide the generated signals to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206, and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0236] One or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. One or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and such firmware or software may be configured to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to execute the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors 102 and 202, or stored in one or more memories 104 and 204 to be driven by one or more processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document can be implemented in firmware or software in the form of code, commands, and / or command sets.

[0237] One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be composed of read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard disk drive, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be located internally and / or externally to one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0238] One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more processors 102 and 202 and transmit and receive radio signals. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to one or more other devices. One or more processors 102 and 202 may perform control such that one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to one or more antennas 108 and 208, and one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and / or radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document through one or more antennas 108 and 208. In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing by one or more processors 102 and 202. One or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert the processed user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors 102 and 202. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0239] Figure 20 A signal processing circuit for transmitting signals based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 20 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0240] Reference Figure 20 The signal processing circuit 1000 may include a scrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a pre-encoder 1040, a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060. It can perform... Figure 20 Operations / functions, but not limited to Figure 19Processors 102 and 202 and / or transceivers 106 and 206. Figure 20 The hardware components can be used Figure 19 The processors 102 and 202 and / or transceivers 106 and 206 are used for implementation. For example, boxes 1010 to 1060 can be implemented using... Figure 19 Processors 102 and 202 are used for implementation. Alternatively, blocks 1010 to 1050 can be implemented using... Figure 19 The processors 102 and 202 are used to implement this, and the box 1060 can be implemented through... Figure 19 This is achieved using transceivers 106 and 206.

[0241] Typing can be done through Figure 20 The signal processing circuit 1000 converts the signal into a radio signal. In this document, a codeword is a sequence of encoded bits for an information block. An information block may include a transport block (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). Radio signals can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH and PDSCH).

[0242] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by scrambler 1010. The scrambling sequence used for scrambling can be generated based on an initialization value, which may include the ID information of the wireless device. The scrambling bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by modulator 1020. The modulation scheme may include pi / 2-binary phase shift keying (pi / 2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying (m-PSK), and m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM). The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by layer mapper 1030. The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped (pre-encoded) to the corresponding antenna port by pre-encoder 1040. The output z of pre-encoder 1040 can be obtained by combining the output y of layer mapper 1030 with N... The M precoding matrix W is obtained by multiplying the M precoding matrix. In this paper, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. The precoder 1040 can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT) on the complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0243] Resource mapper 1050 maps modulation symbols for each antenna port to time-frequency resources. Time-frequency resources may include multiple symbols in the time domain (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols and DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. Signal generator 1060 can generate radio signals from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signals can be transmitted to other devices via each antenna. For this purpose, signal generator 1060 may include an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and a frequency up-converter.

[0244] The signal processing procedure used for signals received in a wireless device can be compared with... Figure 20 The signal processing procedures 1010 to 1060 are configured in the reverse manner. For example, wireless devices (e.g., Figure 19 The receiver (100 and 200) can receive radio signals from the outside via the antenna port / transceiver. The received radio signals can be converted into baseband signals by a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer may include a frequency down-converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Next, the baseband signal can be recovered into codewords through a resource demapping process, a post-encoding process, a demodulation processor, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be recovered into the original information blocks through decoding. Therefore, the signal processing circuitry (not illustrated) for receiving signals may include a signal restorer, a resource demapping unit, a post-encoder, a demodulator, a descrambler, and a decoder.

[0245] Figure 21 Another example of a wireless device based on an implementation of this disclosure is shown. The wireless device can be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see reference). Figure 18 ). Figure 21 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0246] Reference Figure 21 Wireless devices 100 and 200 can correspond to Figure 19 The wireless devices 100 and 200 can be configured using various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, each of the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, and an additional component 140. The communication unit may include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 may include... Figure 19 One or more processors 102 and 202 and / or one or more memories 104 and 204. For example, transceiver 114 may include Figure 19The device comprises one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and / or one or more antennas 108 and 208. The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory 130, and the add-on components 140, and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on programs / code / commands / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may transmit information stored in the memory unit 130 to an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface, or store information received from an external source (e.g., another communication device) via the communication unit 110 through a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit 130.

[0247] The additional component 140 can be configured differently depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional component 140 may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) unit, a drive unit, and a computing unit. The wireless device may be implemented in, but is not limited to, the following forms: robot ( Figure 18 100a), vehicles ( Figure 18 100b-1 and 100b-2), XR device ( Figure 18 100c), handheld device ( Figure 18 100d), home appliances ( Figure 18 100e), IoT devices ( Figure 18 100f), digital broadcasting terminals, holographic devices, public safety devices, MTC devices, medical devices, fintech devices (or financial devices), security devices, climate / environmental devices, AI servers / devices ( Figure 18 400), BS ( Figure 18 (e.g., 200), network nodes, etc. Depending on the use case / service, wireless devices can be used in mobile or fixed locations.

[0248] exist Figure 21In both wireless devices 100 and 200, all elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules can be connected to each other via wired interfaces, or at least a portion thereof can be wirelessly connected via communication unit 110. For example, in each of wireless devices 100 and 200, control unit 120 and communication unit 110 can be wired connected, and control unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130 and 140) can be wirelessly connected via communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within wireless devices 100 and 200 may also include one or more elements. For example, control unit 120 may be configured by a collection of one or more processors. As an example, control unit 120 may be configured by a collection of communication control processors, application processors, electronic control units (ECUs), graphics processing units, and memory control processors. As another example, memory 130 may be configured by random access memory (RAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or combinations thereof.

[0249] The implementation will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 21 Examples.

[0250] Figure 22 A handheld device based on an embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. The handheld device may include a smartphone, smart tablet, wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch or smart glasses), or portable computer (e.g., a laptop). The handheld device may be referred to as a mobile station (MS), user terminal (UT), mobile subscriber station (MSS), subscriber station (SS), advanced mobile station (AMS), or wireless terminal (WT). Figure 22 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0251] Reference Figure 22 The handheld device 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a storage unit 130, a power supply unit 140a, an interface unit 140b, and an I / O unit 140c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c respectively correspond to... Figure 21 The frame is 110 to 130 / 140.

[0252] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from other wireless devices or BSs. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling the components of handheld device 100. Control unit 120 may include an application processor (AP). Storage unit 130 can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to drive handheld device 100. Storage unit 130 can store input / output data / information. Power supply unit 140a can supply power to handheld device 100 and includes wired / wireless charging circuitry, battery, etc. Interface unit 140b can support connection of handheld device 100 to other external devices. Interface unit 140b may include various ports for connection to external devices (e.g., audio I / O ports and video I / O ports). I / O unit 140c can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data and / or user-input information. I / O unit 140c may include a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit 140d, speaker and / or haptic module.

[0253] As an example, in the case of data communication, I / O unit 140c can acquire user input information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, or video), and the acquired information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130. Communication unit 110 can convert the information / signals stored in the memory into radio signals and transmit the converted radio signals directly to other wireless devices or to the BS. Communication unit 110 can receive radio signals from other wireless devices or the BS, and then recover the received radio signals into the original information / signals. The recovered information / signals can be stored in storage unit 130 and can be output in various types (e.g., text, voice, image, video, or haptic) through I / O unit 140c.

[0254] Figure 23 The illustration shows a vehicle or autonomous vehicle based on an embodiment of this disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle can be implemented as a mobile robot, automobile, train, manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), ship, etc. Figure 23 The implementation methods can be combined with various implementation methods of this disclosure.

[0255] Reference Figure 23 The vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to... Figure 21 The frame size is 110 / 130 / 140.

[0256] Communication unit 110 can send and receive signals (e.g., data signals and control signals) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, BS (e.g., gNB and roadside units), and servers. Control unit 120 can perform various operations by controlling the components of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100. Control unit 120 may include electronic control unit (ECU). Drive unit 140a enables the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move on the road. Drive unit 140a may include an engine, motor, powertrain, wheels, brakes, steering system, etc. Power supply unit 140b can supply power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and may include wired / wireless charging circuitry, battery, etc. Sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. Sensor unit 140c may include inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors, collision sensors, wheel sensors, speed sensors, slope sensors, weight sensors, heading sensors, position modules, vehicle forward / reverse sensors, battery sensors, fuel sensors, tire sensors, steering sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors, ultrasonic sensors, lighting sensors, pedal position sensors, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d can implement technologies for maintaining the vehicle's lane, technologies for automatically adjusting speed (e.g., adaptive cruise control), technologies for autonomous driving along a defined path, and technologies for driving by automatically setting a path when a destination is set.

[0257] For example, communication unit 110 can receive map data, traffic information data, etc., from an external server. Autonomous driving unit 140d can generate autonomous driving paths and driving plans from the acquired data. Control unit 120 can control drive unit 140a, enabling the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, communication unit 110 can periodically or non-periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and acquire surrounding traffic information data from neighboring vehicles. During autonomous driving, sensor unit 140c can acquire vehicle status and / or surrounding environment information. Autonomous driving unit 140d can update the autonomous driving path and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. Communication unit 110 can transmit information about vehicle location, autonomous driving path, and / or driving plan to an external server. The external server can use AI technology, etc., to predict traffic information data based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicle and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle.

[0258] The claims in this specification can be combined in various ways. For example, technical features in the method claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device, and technical features in the device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a method. Additionally, technical features in one or more method claims and one or more device claims can be combined to implement or perform in a device.

Claims

1. A method performed by an apparatus, the method comprising the following steps: Obtain ephemeris information, including information related to the satellite's position; A timing advance, including a first timing advance and a second timing advance, is obtained based on the location of the device and the location of the satellite. The first timing of the report was advanced; as well as The second timing of the report is advanced. Wherein, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance is one time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and The granularity used to report the second timing advance is smaller than the granularity used to report the first timing advance.

2. The method according to claim 1, in, The granularity used to report the second timing advance is a time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz.

3. The method according to claim 1, in, The granularity used to report the second timing advance is a symbol.

4. The method according to claim 3, in, The symbol is a symbol using the 15 kHz subcarrier spacing.

5. The method according to claim 3, in, The symbol is a symbol using a subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the following step: Based on the change in the position of the device, another timing advance is obtained that is different from the timing advance that includes the first timing advance and the second timing advance; A third timing advance is obtained based on the difference between the other timing advance and the timing advance; and The third timing mentioned in the report was advanced. The granularity used to report the third timing advance is smaller than the granularity used to report the first timing advance.

7. The method according to claim 6, in, The granularity used to report the third timing advance is a symbol.

8. The method according to claim 7, in, The symbol is a symbol using the 15 kHz subcarrier spacing.

9. The method according to claim 7, in, The symbol is a symbol using a subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz.

10. The method according to claim 1, in, The ephemeris information, which includes information related to the location of the satellite, is received from the base station.

11. The method according to claim 1, in, The device is used for non-terrestrial networks.

12. The method according to claim 11, in, The device is a reduced-capability UE or an enhanced reduced-capability UE for the non-terrestrial network.

13. The method according to claim 12, in, The device is used to avoid uplink and downlink conflicts associated with the reduced-capability UE or the enhanced reduced-capability UE that performs half-duplex operation for the non-terrestrial network.

14. An apparatus comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the device to perform operations, the operations including: Obtain ephemeris information, including information related to the satellite's position; A timing advance, including a first timing advance and a second timing advance, is obtained based on the location of the device and the location of the satellite. The report states that the first timing was advanced; and The second timing of the report is advanced. Wherein, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance is one time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and The granularity used to report the second timing advance is smaller than the granularity used to report the first timing advance.

15. A processing apparatus suitable for a control device, the processing apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the device to perform operations, the operations including: Obtain ephemeris information, including information related to the satellite's position; A timing advance, including a first timing advance and a second timing advance, is obtained based on the location of the device and the location of the satellite. The report states that the first timing was advanced; and The second timing of the report is advanced. Wherein, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance is one time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and The granularity used to report the second timing advance is smaller than the granularity used to report the first timing advance.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, upon execution, cause a device to perform operations, the operations including: Obtain ephemeris information, including information related to the satellite's position; A timing advance, including a first timing advance and a second timing advance, is obtained based on the location of the device and the location of the satellite. The first timing of the report was advanced; as well as The second timing of the report is advanced. Wherein, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance is one time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and The granularity used to report the second timing advance is smaller than the granularity used to report the first timing advance.

17. A method performed by a base station, the method comprising the following steps: Send ephemeris information, including information related to the satellite's position, to the device. The timing advance, including a first timing advance and a second timing advance, is obtained based on the location of the device and the location of the satellite. Receive the first timing advance report from the device; and Receive the second timing advance report from the device. Wherein, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance is one time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and The granularity used to report the second timing advance is smaller than the granularity used to report the first timing advance.

18. A base station, the base station comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the base station to perform operations, the operations including: Send ephemeris information, including information related to the satellite's position, to the device. The timing advance, including a first timing advance and a second timing advance, is obtained based on the location of the device and the location of the satellite. Receive the first timing advance report from the device; and Receive the second timing advance report from the device. Wherein, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance is one time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and The granularity used to report the second timing advance is smaller than the granularity used to report the first timing advance.

19. A processing apparatus suitable for controlling a base station, the processing apparatus comprising: At least one processor; as well as At least one memory, connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the base station to perform operations, the operations including: Send ephemeris information, including information related to the satellite's position, to the device. The timing advance, including a first timing advance and a second timing advance, is obtained based on the location of the device and the location of the satellite. Receive the first timing advance report from the device; and Receive the second timing advance report from the device. Wherein, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance is one time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and The granularity used to report the second timing advance is smaller than the granularity used to report the first timing advance.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, upon execution, cause a base station to perform operations, the operations including: Send ephemeris information, including information related to the satellite's position, to the device. The timing advance, including a first timing advance and a second timing advance, is obtained based on the location of the device and the location of the satellite. Receive the first timing advance report from the device; and Receive the second timing advance report from the device. Wherein, the granularity for reporting the first timing advance is one time slot using a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and The granularity used to report the second timing advance is smaller than the granularity used to report the first timing advance.

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