Communication system

Abstract

A communication system of the present application includes a base station corresponding to a fifth generation wireless access system, and a communication terminal connected to the base station, wherein a plurality of transmission nodes that transmit a sensing resource and a reception node that receives one or more sensing resources reflected by a target after sensing are determined from at least either of the base station and the communication terminal, the plurality of transmission nodes transmit the sensing resource, and the reception node receives the one or more sensing resources reflected by the target after sensing and performs a sensing measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to wireless communication technology. This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-030543, filed on February 29, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Background Technology

[0002] Within 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project, registered trademark), the standardization organization for mobile communication systems, fifth-generation (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "5G") radio access systems were discussed as a successor to Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A), one of the fourth-generation radio access systems (see Non-Patent Document 1) (e.g., Non-Patent Document 2). The technology for the 5G radio band is referred to as "New Radio Access Technology" ("New Radio" is abbreviated as "NR"). NR systems are discussed based on LTE and LTE-A systems.

[0003] For example, in Europe, the organization METIS is summarizing the requirements for 5G (see Non-Patent Document 3). In 5G wireless access systems, for LTE systems, assuming a system capacity 1000 times greater, data transmission speed 100 times greater, data processing latency 1 / 5th, and simultaneous connection capacity of communication terminals 100 times greater, further reductions in power consumption and device cost can be listed as requirements (see Non-Patent Document 3).

[0004] To meet these requirements, discussions on 5G standards are ongoing within 3GPP (see Non-Patent Literature 4-23).

[0005] As an access method for NR, the downlink direction uses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), while the uplink direction uses OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM). Furthermore, similar to LTE and LTE-A, the 5G system does not include line switching; it uses only packet communication.

[0006] In NR, higher frequencies can be used compared to LTE to increase transmission speed and reduce processing latency.

[0007] In NR, which sometimes uses frequencies higher than LTE, a narrower beam-shaped transmit / receive range is formed (beamforming) and the direction of the beam is changed (beam scanning), thereby ensuring cell coverage through capability mapping.

[0008] use Figure 1 To explain the decisions regarding the frame structure of the NR system in 3GPP as described in Non-Patent Document 1 (Chapter 5). Figure 1 This is an explanatory diagram showing the structure of the wireless frame used in an NR communication system. Figure 1 In NR, a radio frame is 10 ms long. The radio frame is divided into 10 equal-sized subframes. The NR frame structure supports one or more numberologies, i.e., one or more subcarrier spacings (SCS). In NR, a subframe is 1 ms long, and a time slot consists of 14 symbols, regardless of the subcarrier spacing. Furthermore, the number of time slots in a subframe is one at a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; the number of time slots in other subcarrier spacings increases proportionally to the subcarrier spacing (see Non-Patent Document 11 (3GPP TS38.211)).

[0009] Non-Patent Document 2 (Chapter 5) and Non-Patent Document 11 record decisions made in 3GPP related to channel structure in NR systems.

[0010] The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) is a channel used for downlink transmission from a base station (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a "base station") to a mobile terminal device (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a "mobile terminal") or other communication terminal device (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a "communication terminal" or "terminal"). The PBCH is transmitted together with the downlink synchronization signal.

[0011] In NR, the downlink synchronization signal consists of a primary synchronization signal (P-SS) and a secondary synchronization signal (S-SS). The synchronization signal is transmitted from the base station as a synchronization signal burst (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an SS burst), at a specified period for a specified duration. An SS burst consists of synchronization signal blocks (hereinafter sometimes referred to as SS blocks) for each beam of the base station.

[0012] During the duration of an SS burst, the base station changes its beam to transmit SS blocks for each beam. An SS block consists of P-SS, S-SS, and PBCH.

[0013] The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) is the downlink transmission channel from the base station to the communication terminal. The PDCCH transmits Downlink Control Information (DCI). The DCI includes resource allocation information for the Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH), one of the transmission channels described later; resource allocation information for the Paging Channel (PCH), another transmission channel described later; and HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest) information related to the DL-SCH. Additionally, the DCI sometimes includes Uplink Scheduling Grant. The DCI sometimes includes response signals for uplink transmissions, namely Ack (Acknowledgement) / Nack (Negative Acknowledgement). Furthermore, to allow for flexible DL / UL handover within time slots, the DCI sometimes includes Slot Format Indication (SFI). PDCCH or DCI is also known as the L1 / L2 control signal.

[0014] In NR, there are time-domain and frequency-domain regions that can serve as candidates for containing PDCCH. This region is called the Control Resource Set (CORESET). The communication terminal monitors the CORESET to acquire the PDCCH.

[0015] The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) is the downlink transmission channel from the base station to the communication terminal. The PDSCH maps to the Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH) used as the transport channel and the PCH used as the transport channel.

[0016] The Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) is the uplink transmission channel from the communication terminal to the base station. PUCCH transmits Uplink Control Information (UCI). UCI includes response signals (Ack / Nack) for downlink transmissions, CSI (Channel State Information), and Scheduling Requests (SRs). CSI is composed of RI (Rank Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), and CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) reports. RI refers to the rank information of the channel matrix in MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output). PMI refers to the information of the precoding matrix used in MIMO. CQI is quality information indicating the quality of received data or the quality of the communication line. UCI is sometimes transmitted via PUSCH (described later). PUCCH or UCI is also referred to as L1 / L2 control signals.

[0017] The Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) is the uplink transmission channel from the communication terminal to the base station. The PUSCH maps the Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH) as one of the transmission channels.

[0018] The Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) is an uplink transmission channel from a communication terminal to a base station. PRACH transmits the random access preamble.

[0019] Downlink reference signals (RS) are symbols known in NR (Normally Injectable) communication systems. There are four types of downlink reference signals: UE-specific reference signals (DM-RS), phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS), positioning reference signals (PRS), and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS). As physical layer measurements for communication terminals, there are measurements of the received power (RSRP) and received quality (RSRQ) of the reference signals.

[0020] The uplink reference signal is also a known symbol in NR communication systems. Three types of uplink reference signals are defined: Demodulation Reference Signal (DM-RS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PT-RS), and Sounding Reference Signal (SRS).

[0021] The transport channel described in Non-Patent Document 2 (Chapter 5) will be explained. The broadcast channel (BCH) in the downlink transport channel is broadcast to the entire coverage area of ​​its base station (cell). The BCH is mapped to the physical broadcast channel (PBCH).

[0022] HARQ-based retransmission control is applied to the Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH). The DL-SCH can broadcast to the entire coverage area of ​​the base station (cell). The DL-SCH supports dynamic or semi-static resource allocation. Semi-static resource allocation is also known as semi-persistent scheduling. To reduce the power consumption of communication terminals, the DL-SCH supports discontinuous reception (DRX). The DL-SCH is mapped to the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH).

[0023] The Paging Channel (PCH) supports DRX of communication terminals to reduce power consumption. The PCH is requested to broadcast over the entire coverage area of ​​the base station (cell). The PCH is mapped to physical resources such as the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) that can be dynamically used for traffic.

[0024] HARQ-based retransmission control is applied to the Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH) in the uplink transport channel. UL-SCH supports dynamic or quasi-static resource allocation. Quasi-static resource allocation is also known as Configured Grant. UL-SCH is mapped to the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).

[0025] The Random Access Channel (RACH) is restricted to control information. RACH is subject to collision risks. RACH is mapped to the Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH).

[0026] The following explains HARQ. HARQ is a technique that improves the communication quality of a transmission line by combining Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) and Forward Error Correction. HARQ has the following advantages: even for transmission lines where communication quality changes, retransmission can effectively enable error correction. In particular, during retransmission, the quality can be further improved by combining the initial received result with the retransmitted result.

[0027] Here's an example illustrating the retransmission method. When the receiving side cannot correctly decode the received data—in other words, when a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) error occurs (CRC=NG)—a "Nack" is sent from the receiving side to the sending side. The sending side, upon receiving the "Nack," retransmits the data. When the receiving side can correctly decode the received data—in other words, when no CRC error occurs (CRC=OK)—a "ck" is sent from the receiving side to the sending side. The sending side, upon receiving the "Ack," sends the next data.

[0028] Other examples of retransmission methods are illustrated below. If a CRC error occurs at the receiving end, a retransmission request is sent from the receiving end to the sending end. The retransmission request is made via a switch of the NDI (New Data Indicator). The sending end, upon receiving the retransmission request, retransmits the data. If no CRC error occurs at the receiving end, no retransmission request is sent. If the sending end does not receive a retransmission request within a specified time, it is assumed that no CRC error occurred at the receiving end.

[0029] The logical channel described in Non-Patent Document 1 (Chapter 6) will be explained. The Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) is a downlink channel used to broadcast system control information. The BCCH, as a logical channel, is mapped to either the broadcast channel (BCH) as a transmission channel or the downlink shared channel (DL-SCH).

[0030] The Paging Control Channel (PCCH) is a downlink channel used to transmit paging information and system information updates. The PCCH, as a logical channel, is mapped to the Paging Channel (PCH), which is a transport channel.

[0031] The Common Control Channel (CCCH) is a channel used to transmit control information between a communication terminal and a base station. The CCCH is used when there is no Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection between the communication terminal and the network. In the downlink direction, the CCCH is mapped to the Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH) used as a transport channel. In the uplink direction, the CCCH is mapped to the Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH) used as a transport channel.

[0032] The Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) is a channel used to transmit dedicated control information between a communication terminal and the network in a one-to-one manner. The DCCH is used when there is an RRC connection between the communication terminal and the network. In the uplink, the DCCH is mapped to the Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH), and in the downlink, it is mapped to the Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH).

[0033] A Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH) is a channel used for sending user information and conducting one-to-one communication with the communication terminal. DTCH exists in both the uplink and downlink. In the uplink, DTCH is mapped to the Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH), and in the downlink, it is mapped to the Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH).

[0034] Location tracking of a communication terminal is performed on a unit consisting of one or more cells. Location tracking is used to locate the communication terminal even in standby mode, enabling calls to the terminal; in other words, it is performed to enable calls to the communication terminal. The area used for location tracking of this communication terminal is called the Tracking Area (TA).

[0035] In NR, calls from communication terminals within a range smaller than the tracking area are supported. This range is called the RAN Notification Area (RNA). Paging of communication terminals in the RRC_INACTIVE state, as described later, occurs within this range.

[0036] In NR, to support wider transmission bandwidths, carrier aggregation (CA) has been studied, which involves combining two or more component carriers (CCs). CA is described in Non-Patent Literature 1.

[0037] In the case of a CA (Communication Terminal), the UE, as a communication terminal, has a unique RRC (Remote Reference Cell) connection with the network (NW). Within the RRC connection, a serving cell provides NAS (Non-Access Stratum) mobility information and security input. This cell is called the Primary Cell (PCell). Secondary serving cells (SCells) are formed based on the UE's capabilities, together with the PCell, to create a group of serving cells. For a single UE, a group of serving cells is formed consisting of one PCell and one or more SCells.

[0038] Furthermore, 3GPP includes dual connectivity (DC), where the UE communicates with two base stations to further increase communication capacity. DC is described in non-patent documents 1 and 22.

[0039] Sometimes, one of the base stations performing dual connectivity (DC) is called the "Master Node (MN)," and the other is called the "Secondary Node (SN)." The serving cells comprised of the Master Nodes are sometimes collectively referred to as the Master Cell Group (MCG), and the serving cells comprised of the Secondary Nodes are sometimes collectively referred to as the Secondary Cell Group (SCG). In DC, the Master Cell in the MCG or SCG is called a Special Cell (SpCell or SPCell). The Special Cell in the MCG is called a PCell, and the Special Cell in the SCG is called the Primary SCG Cell (PSCell).

[0040] In addition, in NR, the base station pre-defines a portion of the carrier frequency band for the UE (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the Bandwidth Part (BWP)). The UE transmits and receives data with the base station in this BWP, thereby reducing the power consumption in the UE.

[0041] Furthermore, 3GPP has explored services (or applications) that support side-link (SL) communication (also known as PC5 communication) in both the EPS (Evolved Packet System) and 5G core systems (described later) (see Non-Patent Documents 1, 2, 26-28). SL communication involves communication between terminals. Examples of services using SL communication include V2X (Vehicle-to-everything) and proximity services. In SL communication, in addition to direct communication between terminals, communication between the UE and the NW via a relay has also been proposed (see Non-Patent Documents 26, 28).

[0042] The physical channels used for SL (refer to Non-Patent Documents 2, 11) are described below. The Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH) transmits information related to system synchronization and is sent from the UE.

[0043] The Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) transmits control information from the UE for sidelink communication and V2X sidelink communication.

[0044] The Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) transmits data from the UE for sidelink communication and V2X sidelink communication.

[0045] The Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH) transmits HARQ feedback from the sidelink from the UE that received the PSSCH to the UE that sent the PSSCH.

[0046] The transmission channel used for SL (refer to Non-Patent Document 1) will be described. The sidelink broadcast channel (SL-BCH) has a predetermined transmission format and is mapped to the PSBCH, which is the physical channel.

[0047] The Sidelink Shared Channel (SL-SCH) supports broadcast transmission. SL-SCH supports both UE autonomous resource selection and resource allocation scheduled by the base station. While UE autonomous resource selection carries a risk of conflict, there are no conflicts when the UE allocates dedicated resources through the base station. Furthermore, SL-SCH supports dynamic link adaptation by modifying transmit power, modulation, and coding. SL-SCH is mapped to the Physical Channel Sequential Channel (PSSCH).

[0048] The logical channels used for SL (refer to Non-Patent Document 2) will be described. The Sidelink Broadcast Control Channel (SBCCH) is a sidelink channel used to broadcast sidelink system information from one UE to other UEs. The SBCCH is mapped to the SL-BCH, which serves as the transport channel.

[0049] The Sidelink Traffic Channel (STCH) is a one-to-many traffic channel used to send user information from one UE to other UEs. The STCH is used only by UEs with sidelink communication capabilities and UEs with V2X sidelink communication capabilities. One-to-one communication between two UEs with sidelink communication capabilities is also achieved through the STCH. The STCH is mapped to the SL-SCH, which serves as the transport channel.

[0050] The Sidelink Control Channel (SCCH) is a control channel used to send control information from one UE to other UEs. The SCCH is mapped to the SL-SCH, which serves as the transport channel.

[0051] In LTE, SL communication only involves broadcast. In NR, in addition to broadcast, support for unicast and groupcast has also been studied for SL communication (see Non-Patent Document 27 (3GPP TS23.287)).

[0052] In SL's unicast and multicast communications, it supports HARQ feedback (Ack / Nack), CSI reports, and more.

[0053] In addition, 3GPP is studying Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB), which uses wireless methods to serve as both access links between UEs and base stations and backhaul links between base stations (see Non-Patent Literature 2, 20, 29).

[0054] For mobile communication systems, some new technologies have been proposed. For example, a technology that integrates sensing (detecting objects using radio waves, etc.) and communication has been proposed (see Non-Patent Literature 30, 31).

[0055] Existing technical documents

[0056] Non-patent literature

[0057] Non-patent document 1: 3GPP TS26.300 V18.0.0

[0058] Non-patent document 2: 3GPP TS38.300 V18.0.0

[0059] Non-patent literature 3: "Scenarios, requirements and KPIs for 5G mobile and wireless system", ICT-317669-METIS / D1.1

[0060] Non-patent literature 4: 3GPP TR23.799 V14.0.0

[0061] Non-patent document 5: 3GPP TR38.801 V14.0.0

[0062] Non-patent document 6: 3GPP TR38.802 V14.2.0

[0063] Non-patent document 7: 3GPP TR38.804 V14.0.0

[0064] Non-patent document 8: 3GPP TR38.912 V16.0.0

[0065] Non-Patent Document 9: 3GPP RP-172115

[0066] Non-patent document 10: 3GPP TS23.501 V18.4.0

[0067] Non-patent document 11: 3GPP TS38.211 V18.1.0

[0068] Non-patent document 12: 3GPP TS38.212 V18.1.0

[0069] Non-patent document 13: 3GPP TS38.213 V18.1.0

[0070] Non-patent document 14: 3GPP TS38.214 V18.1.0

[0071] Non-patent document 15: 3GPP TS38.321 V18.0.0

[0072] Non-patent document 16: 3GPP TS38.322 V18.0.0

[0073] Non-patent document 17: 3GPP TS38.323 V18.0.0

[0074] Non-patent document 18: 3GPP TS37.324 V17.0.0

[0075] Non-patent document 19: 3GPP TS38.331 V18.0.0

[0076] Non-patent document 20: 3GPP TS38.401 V18.0.0

[0077] Non-patent document 21: 3GPP TS38.413 V18.0.0

[0078] Non-patent document 22: 3GPP TS37.340 V18.0.0

[0079] Non-patent document 23: 3GPP TS38.423 V18.0.0

[0080] Non-patent document 24: 3GPP TS38.305 V18.0.0

[0081] Non-patent document 25: 3GPP TS23.273 V18.4.0

[0082] Non-patent document 26: 3GPP TR23.703 V12.0.0

[0083] Non-patent document 27: 3GPP TS23.287 V18.2.0

[0084] Non-patent document 28: 3GPP TS23.303 V17.1.0

[0085] Non-patent document 29: 3GPP TS38.340 V18.0.0

[0086] Non-patent document 30: 3GPP TR22.837 V19.0.0

[0087] Non-patent document 31: 3GPP RWS-230250

[0088] Non-Patent Document 32: 3GPP SWS-230050

[0089] Non-Patent Document 33: 3GPP RWS-230227

[0090] Non-patent document 34: 3GPP TS37.320 V18.0.0 Summary of the Invention

[0091] The technical problem that the invention aims to solve

[0092] In mobile communication systems, in addition to communication with the UE, target detection via sensing has been proposed (see Non-Patent Documents 30, 31). Detected targets include, for example, intruders, obstacles, or non-UE targets (targets without UE functionality) such as rivers or the atmosphere. The specific methods required to perform sensing in a mobile communication system to meet the performance requirements of sensing are not disclosed and remain unclear. This leads to the problem that sensing processing cannot be performed in mobile communication systems.

[0093] In view of the above-mentioned problems, one of the purposes of this disclosure is to realize sensing processing in a communication system in addition to communication with the UE.

[0094] Technical means for solving technical problems

[0095] The communication system disclosed herein includes: a base station corresponding to a fifth-generation wireless access system; and a communication terminal connected to the base station, which determines, from at least one of the base station and the communication terminal, a plurality of transmitting nodes for transmitting sensing resources and a receiving node for receiving sensing resources, wherein the plurality of transmitting nodes transmit sensing resources and the receiving node receives one or more sensing resources reflected by a sensing target and performs sensing measurements.

[0096] Invention Effects

[0097] According to this disclosure, in the communication system, in addition to communication with the UE, sensing processing can also be realized.

[0098] The purpose, features, aspects, and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0099] Figure 1 This is an explanatory diagram showing the structure of a wireless frame used in an NR communication system.

[0100] Figure 2 This is a block diagram showing the overall structure of a communication system 210 using the NR method discussed in 3GPP.

[0101] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a DC based on a base station connected to the NG core.

[0102] Figure 4 It is shown Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of the mobile terminal 202.

[0103] Figure 5 It is shown Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of base station 213.

[0104] Figure 6 This is a block diagram showing the structure of the 5GC section.

[0105] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the process from cell search to standby mode in a communication terminal (UE) in an NR-based communication system.

[0106] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of cell structure in an NR system.

[0107] Figure 9 This is a connection structure diagram illustrating an example of the connection structure of a terminal in SL communication.

[0108] Figure 10 This is a connection structure diagram illustrating an example of a base station connection structure that supports integrated access and backhaul.

[0109] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram using UE and base station sensing.

[0110] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of implementation method 1, which uses multiple transmitting nodes for sensing.

[0111] Figure 13 This is a diagram showing an example of a sensing process sequence using multiple transmitting nodes, relating to implementation method 1.

[0112] Figure 14 This is a diagram showing an example of a sequence of sensing processes using a method of cooperation among multiple transmitting base stations, relating to implementation 1.

[0113] Figure 15 This is a diagram showing an example sequence of sensing processes using a method of sending sensing setting requests between multiple base stations, related to implementation method 1.

[0114] Figure 16 This is a diagram showing an example of a sequence of sensing processes using a method representing a transmitting base station to send a sensing setting request to a receiving UE, relating to implementation 1.

[0115] Figure 17 This is a diagram showing an example of a sensing process sequence for a receiving UE using the RRC_IDLE state, related to implementation method 2.

[0116] Figure 18 This is a diagram showing an example of the sequence at the end of sensing processing for a receiving UE using the RRC_IDLE state, related to implementation method 2.

[0117] Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating a sequence example of a method for receiving sensing measurement results in the RRC_IDLE state without transitioning to the RRC_CONNECTED state, as described in Implementation 2.

[0118] Figure 20 This is a diagram showing an example sequence of a method for using paging to send a sensing processing request to a receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE state, according to implementation method 2.

[0119] Figure 21 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a sensing process sequence that enables a receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE state to perform sensing measurements at a mobile target base station, according to implementation method 2.

[0120] Figure 22 This is a diagram illustrating an example architecture for implementation 4, showing the UE performing sensing processing between the UE and the mobile communication NW via non-3GPP and N3IWF.

[0121] Figure 23 This is a diagram related to implementation 4, illustrating an example architecture for the UE to perform sensing processing with the mobile communication NW via non-3GPP and TNAN.

[0122] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram using UE and base station sensing.

[0123] Figure 25 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a sensing processing sequence in Implementation 5, where the UE becomes the transmitting node and the base station becomes the receiving node.

[0124] Figure 26 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a sensing processing sequence in Implementation 5, where the UE becomes the transmitting node and the base station becomes the receiving node.

[0125] Figure 27 This is a diagram showing another sequence example of sensing processing in the case where the UE becomes the transmitting node and the base station becomes the receiving node, according to implementation method 5.

[0126] Figure 28 This is a diagram showing another sequence example of sensing processing in the case where the UE becomes the transmitting node and the base station becomes the receiving node, according to implementation method 5.

[0127] Figure 29This is a diagram showing another sequence example of sensing processing in the case where the UE becomes the transmitting node and the base station becomes the receiving node, according to implementation method 5.

[0128] Figure 30 This is a schematic diagram of a variation of implementation 5, specifically a sensing method using multiple transmitting nodes.

[0129] Figure 31 This is a diagram illustrating a sequence example of sensing processing in the case where multiple UEs become transmitting nodes and the base station becomes receiving nodes, as shown in Variation 1 of Implementation 5. Detailed Implementation

[0130] Implementation method 1.

[0131] Figure 2 This is a block diagram illustrating the overall structure of a communication system 210 using the NR method discussed in 3GPP. Figure 2 The following explanation is provided. The radio access network is referred to as NG-RAN (Next Generation Radio Access Network) 211. The communication terminal device, i.e., the mobile terminal device (hereinafter referred to as "User Equipment (UE)") 202, can wirelessly communicate with the base station device (hereinafter referred to as "NG-RAN NodeB (gNB)") 213, and transmits and receives signals using wireless communication. NG-RAN 211 consists of one or more NR base stations 213.

[0132] Here, "communication terminal device" includes not only mobile terminal devices such as mobile phone terminals, but also stationary devices such as sensors. In the following description, "communication terminal device" will sometimes be abbreviated as "communication terminal".

[0133] Between UE202 and NG-RAN 211, the AS (Access Stratum) protocol is terminated. AS protocols include, for example, RRC, SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol), PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol), RLC (Radio Link Control), MAC (Medium Access Control), and PHY (Physical Layer). RRC is used for the control plane (hereinafter sometimes referred to as C-plane, C-Plane, or CP), SDAP is used for the user plane (hereinafter sometimes referred to as U-plane, U-Plane, or UP), and PDCP, MAC, RLC, and PHY are used for both the C-plane and U-plane.

[0134] The control protocol RRC between UE202 and NR base station 213 performs broadcasting, paging, and RRC connection management. The states between NR base station 213 and UE202 in RRC include RRC_IDLE, RRC_CONNECTED, and RRC_INACTIVE.

[0135] During RRC_IDLE, PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) selection, System Information (SI) broadcasting, paging, cell re-selection, and mobility operations are performed. During RRC_CONNECTED, the mobile terminal has an RRC connection and can send and receive data with the network. Additionally, during RRC_CONNECTED, handover (HO) and neighbor cell determination (measurement) are performed. During RRC_INACTIVE, the connection between the 5G core unit 214 and the NR base station 213 is maintained while simultaneously performing System Information (SI) broadcasting, paging, cell re-selection, and mobility operations.

[0136] The gNB213 connects to the 5G core (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the 5GC unit) 214, which includes Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), or User Plane Function (UPF), via the NG interface. Control information and / or user data communication occurs between the gNB213 and the 5GC unit 214. The NG interface is a collective term for the N2 interface between the gNB213 and AMF220, the N3 interface between the gNB213 and UPF221, the N11 interface between AMF220 and SMF222, and the N4 interface between UPF221 and SMF222. One gNB213 can connect to multiple 5GC units 214. gNBs213 are connected to each other via the Xn interface, facilitating communication of control information and / or user data between them.

[0137] The 5GC unit 214 is a host device, specifically a host node, that controls the connection between the NR base station 213 and the mobile terminal (UE) 202, and distributes paging signals to one or more NR base stations (gNB) 213 and / or LTE base stations (E-UTRAN NodeB: eNB). Additionally, the 5GC unit 214 performs mobility control in the idle state. The 5GC unit 214 manages the tracking area list when the mobile terminal 202 is in the idle state, and in the inactive and active states. The 5GC unit 214 initiates the paging protocol by sending paging messages to cells belonging to the registered tracking area of ​​the mobile terminal 202.

[0138] gNB213 can form one or more cells. When a gNB213 forms multiple cells, each cell is configured to communicate with UE202.

[0139] The gNB213 can be divided into a Central Unit (CU) 215 and a Distributed Unit (DU) 216. A CU 215 constitutes one unit within the gNB213. A DU 216 constitutes one or more units within the gNB213. One DU 216 constitutes one or more cells. The CU 215 connects to the DU 216 via an F1 interface, facilitating communication of control information and / or user data between the CU 215 and DU 216. The F1 interface consists of an F1-C interface and an F1-U interface. The CU 215 handles the functions of various protocols including RRC, SDAP, and PDCP, while the DU 216 handles the functions of various protocols including RLC, MAC, and PHY. One or more TRPs (Transmission Reception Points) 219 are sometimes connected to the DU 216. The TRPs 219 transmit and receive radio signals with the UE.

[0140] CU215 can be divided into CU (CU-C) 217 ​​for the C-side and CU (CU-U) 218 ​​for the U-side. CU-C 217 constitutes one CU215. CU-U 218 constitutes one or more CU215. CU-C 217 is connected to CU-U 218 via an E1 interface for control information communication between CU-C 217 and CU-U 218. CU-C 217 is connected to DU216 via an F1-C interface for control information communication between CU-C 217 and DU216. CU-U 218 is connected to DU216 via an F1-U interface for user data communication between CU-U 218 and DU216.

[0141] 5G communication systems may include the Unified Data Management (UDM) function and Policy Control Function (PCF) described in Non-Patent Document 10 (3GPP TS23.501). UDM and / or PCF may be included in... Figure 2 In section 5GC214.

[0142] In a 5G communication system, a Location Management Function (LMF) as described in Non-Patent Document 24 (3GPP TS38.305) can be configured. As disclosed in Non-Patent Document 25 (3GPP TS23.273), the LMF can be connected to the base station via the AMF.

[0143] In 5G communication systems, the non-3GPP interworking function (N3IWF) described in Non-Patent Document 10 (3GPP TS23.501) may also be included. The N3IWF can terminate the access network (AN) between the user and the UE in non-3GPP access.

[0144] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating a structure based on a DC (dual-connection) linked to the NG core. Figure 3 In the diagram, solid lines represent U-Plane connections, and dashed lines represent C-Plane connections. Figure 3 In this configuration, the primary base station 240-1 can be either a gNB or an eNB. Similarly, the secondary base station 240-2 can also be either a gNB or an eNB. For example, in... Figure 3 In some contexts, the DC structure where the primary base station 240-1 is a gNB and the secondary base station 240-2 is an eNB is sometimes referred to as NG-EN-DC. Figure 3 The example shown illustrates a U-Plane connection between the 5GC unit 214 and the secondary base station 240-2 via the primary base station 240-1, but it can also be established directly between the 5GC unit 214 and the secondary base station 240-2. Additionally, Figure 3 In this configuration, the core network EPC (Evolved Packet Core) connected to the LTE and LTE-A systems can replace the 5GC unit 214 and connect to the main base station 240-1. The U-Plane connection between the EPC and the secondary base station 240-2 can be directly established.

[0145] Figure 4 It is shown Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of the mobile terminal 202. Figure 4The transmission processing of the mobile terminal 202 shown will be described. First, control data from the control unit 310 and user data from the application unit 302 are sent to the protocol processing unit 301. Buffering of the control data and user data is possible. This buffering can be set in the control unit 310, the application unit 302, or the protocol processing unit 301. The protocol processing unit 301 performs protocol processing such as SDAP, PDCP, RLC, and MAC, for example, determining the transmission target base station in DC and assigning headers to various protocols. The protocol-processed data is transmitted to the encoding unit 304 for error correction and other encoding processing. Alternatively, data may be output directly from the protocol processing unit 301 to the modulation unit 305 without encoding processing. The data encoded by the encoding unit 304 is modulated in the modulation unit 305. Precoding for MIMO may also be performed in the modulation unit 305. After the modulated data is converted into a baseband signal, it is output to the frequency conversion unit 306 and converted into a wireless transmission frequency. Subsequently, the transmitted signal was sent from antennas 307-1 to 307-4 to base station 213. Figure 4 The example shown has four antennas, but the number of antennas is not limited to four.

[0146] Furthermore, the receiving process of the mobile terminal 202 is performed as follows: Wireless signals from the base station 213 are received via antennas 307-1 to 307-4. The received signal is converted from the wireless receiving frequency to a baseband signal by the frequency conversion unit 306, and demodulation processing is performed in the demodulation unit 308. Waiting calculations and multiplication processes can be performed in the demodulation unit 308. The demodulated data is transmitted to the decoding unit 309 for error correction and other decoding processing. The decoded data is transmitted to the protocol processing unit 301, where protocol processing such as MAC, RLC, PDCP, and SDAP is performed, including actions such as header removal in each protocol. Of the data after protocol processing, control data is transmitted to the control unit 310, and user data is transmitted to the application unit 302.

[0147] The series of processes of the mobile terminal 202 are controlled by the control unit 310. Therefore, although in Figure 4 The details have been omitted, but the control unit 310 is also connected to each of the units 302, 304 to 309.

[0148] Each part of the mobile terminal 202, such as the control unit 310, protocol processing unit 301, encoding unit 304, and decoding unit 309, is implemented, for example, by a processing circuit comprising a processor and a memory. For example, the control unit 310 is implemented by the processor executing a program describing a series of processes of the mobile terminal 202. The program describing the series of processes of the mobile terminal 202 is stored in a memory. Examples of memory are non-volatile or volatile semiconductor memories such as RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), and flash memory. Each part of the mobile terminal 202, such as the control unit 310, protocol processing unit 301, encoding unit 304, and decoding unit 309, can be implemented by dedicated processing circuits such as FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), and DSP (Digital Signal Processor). Figure 4 In this context, the number of antennas used for transmitting and the number of antennas used for receiving in the mobile terminal 202 may be the same or different.

[0149] Figure 5 It is shown Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of base station 213. Figure 5 The transmission processing of the base station 213 shown will be described. The EPC communication unit 401 transmits and receives data between the base station 213 and the EPC. The 5GC communication unit 412 transmits and receives data between the base station 213 and the 5GC (5GC unit 214, etc.). The other base station communication units 402 transmit and receive data with other base stations. The EPC communication unit 401, the 5GC communication unit 412, and the other base station communication units 402 exchange information with the protocol processing unit 403. Control data from the control unit 411, and user data and control data from the EPC communication unit 401, the 5GC communication unit 412, and the other base station communication units 402 are sent to the protocol processing unit 403. Buffering of control data and user data can be performed. This buffering can be provided in the control unit 411, the EPC communication unit 401, the 5GC communication unit 412, or the other base station communication units 402.

[0150] The protocol processing unit 403 performs protocol processing for SDAP, PDCP, RLC, MAC, etc., such as routing transmitted data in DC and assigning headers to various protocols. The protocol-processed data is transmitted to the encoding unit 405 for error correction and other encoding processing. Alternatively, data may be output directly from the protocol processing unit 403 to the modulation unit 406 without encoding processing. Furthermore, data can be transmitted from the protocol processing unit 403 to other base station communication units 402. For example, in DC, data transmitted from the 5GC communication unit 412 or the EPC communication unit 401 can be transmitted to other base stations, such as auxiliary base stations, via other base station communication units 402. The encoded data undergoes modulation processing in the modulation unit 406. Precoding for MIMO can also be performed in the modulation unit 406. After the modulated data is converted into a baseband signal, it is output to the frequency conversion unit 407 and converted into a wireless transmission frequency. Then, using antennas 408-1 to 408-4, the transmission signal is transmitted to one or more mobile terminals 202. Figure 5 The example shown has four antennas, but the number of antennas is not limited to four.

[0151] Furthermore, the reception processing of base station 213 is performed as follows: Wireless signals from one or more mobile terminals 202 are received by antennas 408-1 to 408-4. The received signals are converted from the wireless receiving frequency to a baseband signal by frequency conversion unit 407, and demodulated in demodulation unit 409. The demodulated data is transmitted to decoding unit 410 for error correction and other decoding processing. The decoded data is transmitted to protocol processing unit 403, where protocol processing such as MAC, RLC, PDCP, and SDAP is performed, including actions such as header removal in each protocol. Of the data after protocol processing, control data is transmitted to control unit 411, 5GC communication unit 412, EPC communication unit 401, or other base station communication unit 402, and user data is transmitted to 5GC communication unit 412, EPC communication unit 401, or other base station communication unit 402. Data sent from other base station communication units 402 can be transmitted to 5GC communication unit 412 or EPC communication unit 401. This data could be, for example, uplink data transmitted from the DC to the 5GC communication unit 412 or the EPC communication unit 401 via other base stations.

[0152] The series of processes of base station 213 are controlled by control unit 411. Therefore, although in Figure 5 The details have been omitted, but the control unit 411 is also connected to the various units 401, 402, 405 to 410, 412.

[0153] The various parts of base station 213, such as control unit 411, protocol processing unit 403, 5GC communication unit 412, EPC communication unit 401, other base station communication unit 402, encoding unit 405, and decoding unit 410, are implemented similarly to those of mobile terminal 202 by processing circuits comprising a processor and memory, or dedicated processing circuits such as FPGA, ASIC, and DSP. Figure 5 In this system, the number of antennas used for transmitting and the number of antennas used for receiving in base station 213 can be the same or different.

[0154] As Figure 2 The example of the structure of CU215 shown, except Figure 5 In addition to the encoding unit 405, modulation unit 406, frequency conversion unit 407, antennas 408-1 to 408-4, demodulation unit 409, and decoding unit 410 shown, a structure with a DU communication unit is sometimes used. The DU communication unit is connected to the protocol processing unit 403. The protocol processing unit 403 in CU215 performs protocol processing for PDCP, SDAP, etc.

[0155] As Figure 2 The example of the structure of DU216 shown, except Figure 5 In addition to the EPC communication unit 401, other base station communication units 402, and 5GC communication unit 412 shown, a structure with a CU communication unit is sometimes used. The CU communication unit is connected to the protocol processing unit 403. The protocol processing unit 403 in DU216 performs protocol processing for PHY, MAC, RLC, etc.

[0156] Figure 6 This is a block diagram showing the structure of the 5GC section. Figure 6 The above is shown in the figure. Figure 2 The structure of the 5GC section 214 shown. Figure 6 It shows in Figure 2 The 5GC section 214 shown includes the structures of AMF, SMF, and UPF. Figure 6In the example shown, the AMF can have the functions of the control plane control unit 525, the SMF can have the functions of the session management unit 527, and the UPF can have the functions of the user plane communication unit 523 and the data network communication unit 521. The data network communication unit 521 performs data transmission and reception between the 5GC unit 214 and the data network. The base station communication unit 522 performs data transmission and reception between the 5GC unit 214 and the base station 21 via the NG interface. User data sent from the data network is transmitted from the data network communication unit 521 to the base station communication unit 522 via the user plane communication unit 523, and then sent to one or more base stations 213. User data sent from the base station 213 is transmitted from the base station communication unit 522 to the data network communication unit 521 via the user plane communication unit 523, and then sent to the data network.

[0157] Control data sent from base station 213 is transmitted from base station communication unit 522 to control plane control unit 525. Control plane control unit 525 can transmit control data to session management unit 527. Control data can be sent from data network. Control data sent from data network can be sent from data network communication unit 521 to session management unit 527 via user plane communication unit 523. Session management unit 527 can send control data to control plane control unit 525.

[0158] The user layer control unit 523 includes a PDU processing unit 523-1, a mobility anchoring unit 523-2, etc., and performs overall processing for the user layer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as U-Plane). The PDU processing unit 523-1 processes data packets, such as sending and receiving packets with the data network communication unit 521 and with the base station communication unit 522. The mobility anchoring unit 523-2 is responsible for anchoring the data path when the UE moves.

[0159] The session management unit 527 manages the PDU sessions set up between the UE and the UPF. The session management unit 527 includes a PDU session control unit 527-1 and a UE IP address allocation unit 527-2. The PDU session control unit 527-1 manages the PDU sessions between the mobile terminal 202 and the 5GC unit 214. The UE IP address allocation unit 527-2 allocates IP addresses for the mobile terminal 202.

[0160] The control plane control unit 525 includes a NAS security unit 525-1, an idle state mobility management unit 525-2, etc., and performs overall processing for the control plane (hereinafter sometimes referred to as C-Plane). The NAS security unit 525-1 performs security protection for NAS (Non-Access Stratum) messages. The idle state mobility management unit 525-2 performs mobility management in standby state (idle state: RRC_IDLE state, or simply idle), generation and control of paging signals in standby state, addition, deletion, updating, retrieval of tracking areas for one or more mobile terminals 202 within the coverage area, and tracking area list management.

[0161] The series of processes in the 5GC unit 214 are controlled by the control unit 526. Therefore, although in Figure 6 The details are omitted, but the control unit 526 is connected to each of the units 521-523, 525, and 527. The units of the 5GC unit 214 are similar to the control unit 310 of the mobile terminal 202 described above, and are implemented, for example, by a processing circuit comprising a processor and a memory, or by a dedicated processing circuit such as an FPGA, ASIC, or DSP.

[0162] Next, an example of a cell search method in a communication system is shown. Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of a communication terminal (UE) in an NR-based communication system from cell search to standby operation. If the communication terminal starts cell search, in step ST601, the first synchronization signal (P-SS) and the second synchronization signal (S-SS) sent from the surrounding base stations are used to obtain the synchronization of time slot timing and frame timing.

[0163] P-SS and S-SS are collectively referred to as Synchronization Signal (SS). The Synchronization Signal (SS) contains a synchronization code that corresponds one-to-one with the PCI (Physical Cell Identifier) ​​assigned to each cell. In this discussion, the number of PCIs is set to 1008. The communication terminal uses these 1008 PCIs to achieve synchronization and detects (determines) the PCIs of synchronized cells.

[0164] In step ST602, the communication terminal receives the PBCH for the next cell to be synchronized. The BCCH on the PBCH maps to the MIB (Master Information Block), which contains cell structure information. Therefore, by receiving the PBCH and obtaining the BCCH, the MIB can be obtained. Information in the MIB includes, for example, the SFN (System Frame Number), scheduling information of SIB (System Information Block) 1, subcarrier spacing of SIB1, and DM-RS location information.

[0165] Additionally, the communication terminal obtains the SS block identifier via the PBCH. A portion of the bit string of the SS block identifier is contained in the MIB. The remaining bit string is contained in the identifier used to generate the DM-RS sequence accompanying the PBCH. The communication terminal uses the MIB contained in the PBCH and the DM-RS sequence accompanying the PBCH to obtain the SS block identifier.

[0166] Next, in step ST603, the communication terminal measures the received power of the SS block.

[0167] Next, in step ST604, the communication terminal selects the cell with the best reception quality from the more than one cell detected up to step ST603, for example, selecting the cell with the highest reception power, i.e., the optimal cell. Additionally, the communication terminal selects the beam with the best reception quality, for example, selecting the beam with the highest reception power in the SS block, i.e., the optimal beam. The selection of the optimal beam is, for example, using the reception power of the SS block identified by each SS block.

[0168] Next, in step ST605, the communication terminal receives the DL-SCH based on the scheduling information of SIB1 contained in the MIB, and obtains SIB1 (System Information Block) from the broadcast information BCCH. SIB1 contains information related to access to the cell, cell structure information, and scheduling information of other SIBs (SIBk: an integer k ≥ 2). In addition, SIB1 contains the Tracking Area Code (TAC).

[0169] Next, in step ST606, the communication terminal compares the TAC of SIB1 received in step ST605 with the TAC portion of the Tracking Area Identity (TAI) in the tracking area list already stored by the communication terminal. The tracking area list is also called the TAI list. TAI is identification information used to identify the tracking area, consisting of the MCC (Mobile Country Code), MNC (Mobile Network Code), and TAC (Tracking Area Code). MCC is the country code. MNC is the network code. TAC is the tracking area code number.

[0170] If the comparison result in step ST606 is the same as the TAC received in step ST605, and it is also included in the tracking area list, then the communication terminal enters standby mode in that cell. If the comparison shows that the TAC received in step ST605 is not included in the tracking area list, then the communication terminal requests a change of tracking area from the core network (EPC) containing the MME, etc., through that cell to perform a TAU (Tracking Area Update).

[0171] The devices constituting the core network (hereinafter sometimes referred to as core network-side devices) update the tracking area list based on the TAU request signal and the identification number (UE-ID, etc.) of the communication terminal sent from the communication terminal. The core network-side devices send the updated tracking area list to the communication terminal. The communication terminal rewrites (updates) its own TAC list based on the received tracking area list. After this, the communication terminal enters standby mode in the cell.

[0172] Next, examples of random access methods in a communication system are shown. In random access, 4-step random access and 2-step random access are used. Furthermore, for 4-step and 2-step random access, there are conflict-based random access, random access that may cause timing conflicts with other mobile terminals, and conflict-free random access.

[0173] An example of a conflict-based four-step random access method is shown. As step 1, the mobile terminal sends a random access preamble to the base station. The random access preamble can be selected by the mobile terminal from a predefined range, or it can be assigned separately to the mobile terminal and notified by the base station.

[0174] As a second step, the base station sends a random access response to the mobile terminal. The random access response includes uplink scheduling information used in the third step, and the terminal identifier used in the uplink transmission in the third step.

[0175] As step 3, the mobile terminal sends an uplink transmission to the base station. The mobile terminal uses the information obtained in step 2 in this uplink transmission. As step 4, the base station notifies the mobile terminal whether a conflict has been resolved. Mobile terminals notified of no conflict end the random access process. Mobile terminals notified of a conflict restart the process from step 1.

[0176] The conflict-free 4-step random access method differs from the conflict-based 4-step random access method in the following ways: First, before step 1, the base station pre-assigns a random access preamble and uplink scheduling to the mobile terminal. Second, notification regarding conflict resolution is not required in step 4.

[0177] An example of a collision-based two-step random access method is shown. In step 1, the mobile terminal sends a random access preamble and an uplink transmission to the base station. In step 2, the base station notifies the mobile terminal of whether a collision has occurred. Mobile terminals notified of no collision end the random access process. Mobile terminals notified of a collision restart the process from step 1.

[0178] The conflict-free two-step random access method differs from the conflict-based two-step random access method in the following way: Before step 1, the base station pre-assigns a random access preamble and uplink scheduling to the mobile terminal. Additionally, in step 2, the base station sends a random access response to the mobile terminal.

[0179] Figure 8 This illustrates an example of the structure of a cell in NR. In an NR cell, a narrow beam is formed and its direction is changed for transmission. Figure 8 In the example shown, base station 750 uses beam 751-1 to transmit and receive data with the mobile terminal at certain times. At other times, base station 750 uses beam 751-2 to transmit and receive data with the mobile terminal. Similarly, base station 750 uses one or more of beams 751-3 to 751-8 to transmit and receive data with the mobile terminal. Thus, base station 750 constitutes a wide-range cell 752.

[0180] exist Figure 8 The example shown depicts a base station 750 using 8 beams, but the number of beams can also be different from 8. Additionally, in Figure 8 In the example shown, the number of beams used simultaneously by base station 750 is set to one, but it can also be multiple.

[0181] Beam identification uses the concept of QCL (Quasi-CoLocation) (refer to Non-Patent Document 14 (3GPP TS 38.214)). That is, it is identified by information indicating which reference signal (e.g., SS block, CSI-RS) the beam can be considered to be the same as. This information sometimes includes the type of information about which beams can be considered to be the same, such as information about Doppler shift, Doppler shift spread, average delay, average delay spread, and spatial Rx parameters (refer to Non-Patent Document 14 (3GPP TS 38.214)).

[0182] In 3GPP, sidelinks (SL) are supported for D2D (Device to Device) communication and V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) communication (see Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 16). SL is specified through the PC5 interface.

[0183] In SL communication, in addition to broadcasting, support for PC5-S signaling was studied to support unicast and groupcast (see Non-Patent Document 27 (3GPP TS23.287)). For example, PC5-S signaling was implemented to establish SL, i.e., the link used to implement PC5 communication. This link is implemented in the V2X layer and is also known as a Layer 2 link.

[0184] In addition, support for RRC signaling is being researched in SL communication (see Non-Patent Document 27 (3GPP TS23.287)). RRC signaling in SL communication is also referred to as PC5 RRC signaling. For example, the ability to notify UEs of each other during PC5 communication, and the notification of AS layer settings for using PC5 communication for V2X communication, have been proposed.

[0185] Figure 9 The diagram shows an example of the connection structure of a mobile terminal in SL communication. Figure 9 In the example shown, UE805 and UE806 exist within the coverage area 803 of base station 801. UL / DL communication 805 occurs between base station 801 and UE806. UL / DL communication 808 occurs between base station 801 and UE806. SL communication 810 occurs between UE805 and UE806. UE811 and UE812 exist outside the coverage area 803. SL communication 814 occurs between UE805 and UE811. Additionally, SL communication 816 occurs between UE811 and UE812.

[0186] As an example of communication between the UE and NW via relay in SL communication, Figure 9The UE805 shown relays the communication between UE811 and base station 801.

[0187] UEs that perform relays sometimes use with Figure 4 Same structure. Use Figure 4 The relay processing in the UE will be explained. The relay processing of UE805 in communication from UE811 to base station 801 will be explained. Radio signals from UE811 are received via antennas 307-1 to 307-4. The received signal is converted from the radio receiving frequency to a baseband signal by frequency conversion unit 306, and demodulation processing is performed in demodulation unit 308. In demodulation unit 308, waiting calculations and multiplication processes can be performed. The demodulated data is transmitted to decoding unit 309 for error correction and other decoding processing. The decoded data is transmitted to protocol processing unit 301, where protocol processing for communication with UE811, such as MAC, RLC, etc., is performed, including actions such as header removal in each protocol. Additionally, protocol processing for communication with base station 801, such as RLC, MAC, etc., is performed, including actions such as header assignment in each protocol. In the protocol processing unit 301 of UE811, PDCP and SDAP protocol processing are sometimes also performed. The data that has undergone protocol processing is transmitted to the encoding unit 304 for error correction and other encoding processing. Alternatively, data may be output directly from the protocol processing unit 301 to the modulation unit 305 without undergoing encoding processing. The data encoded by the encoding unit 304 is then modulated in the modulation unit 305. MIMO precoding may also be performed in the modulation unit 305. After the modulated data is converted into a baseband signal, it is output to the frequency conversion unit 306 and converted into a wireless transmission frequency. The transmission signal is then transmitted from antennas 307-1 to 307-4 to the base station 801.

[0188] The above content illustrates an example of UE805 relaying communication from UE811 to base station 801, but the same process is used in the relaying of communication from base station 801 to UE811.

[0189] 5G base stations can support Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) (see Non-Patent Documents 2, 20). An IAB-supporting base station (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an IAB base station) consists of a CU (IAB Host CU) acting as an IAB host, a DU (IAB Host DU) acting as an IAB host, and IAB nodes that connect to the IAB Host DU and the UE via radio interfaces. An F1 interface is provided between the IAB nodes and the IAB Host CU (see Non-Patent Document 2).

[0190] Figure 10The diagram illustrates an example of IAB base station connections. IAB host CU901 is connected to IAB host DU902. IAB node 903 is connected to IAB host DU902 via a radio interface. IAB node 903 is connected to IAB node 904 via a radio interface. That is, sometimes multiple levels of IAB node connections are made. UE905 is connected to IAB node 904 via a radio interface. UE906 sometimes connects to IAB node 903 via a radio interface, and UE907 sometimes connects to IAB host DU902 via a radio interface. Multiple IAB host DU902s can connect to IAB host CU901, multiple IAB nodes 903 can connect to IAB host DU902, and multiple IAB nodes 904 can connect to IAB node 903.

[0191] In the connections between the IAB host DU and IAB nodes, and between IAB nodes, a BAP (Backhaul Adaptation Protocol) layer is set up (see Non-Patent Document 29). The BAP layer performs actions such as routing received data to the IAB host DU and / or IAB nodes, and mapping it to the RLC channel (see Non-Patent Document 29).

[0192] As an example of the structure of the IAB host CU, the same structure as CU215 is used.

[0193] As an example of the structure of the IAB host DU, it uses the same structure as DU216. In the protocol processing section of the IAB host DU, BAP layer processing is performed, such as assigning BAP headers to downlink data, routing for IAB nodes, and removing BAP headers from uplink data.

[0194] As an example of the structure of IAB nodes, sometimes in addition to Figure 5 The structure shown is excluding the EPC communication unit 401, other base station communication units 402, and 5GC communication unit 412.

[0195] use Figure 5 , Figure 10The transmit / receive processing in the IAB node will be explained. The transmit / receive processing of IAB node 903 in communication between IAB host CU901 and UE905 will be described. In uplink communication from UE905 to IAB host CU901, the radio signal from IAB node 904 is received through antenna 408 (part or all of antennas 408-1 to 408-4). The received signal is converted from the radio receiving frequency to a baseband signal by frequency conversion unit 407, and demodulation processing is performed in demodulation unit 409. The demodulated data is transmitted to decoding unit 410 for error correction and other decoding processing. The decoded data is transmitted to protocol processing unit 403, where protocol processing for communication with IAB node 904, such as MAC, RLC, etc., and actions such as header removal in each protocol, are performed. In addition, routing to the IAB host DU902 using the BAP header is performed, and protocol processing for communication with the IAB host DU902, such as assigning headers to each protocol, is carried out. The protocol-processed data is transmitted to the encoding unit 405 for error correction and other encoding processing. Alternatively, data may be output directly from the protocol processing unit 403 to the modulation unit 406 without encoding processing. The encoded data is modulated in the modulation unit 406. MIMO precoding may also be performed in the modulation unit 406. After the modulated data is converted into a baseband signal, it is output to the frequency conversion unit 407 and converted into a radio transmission frequency. Then, the transmission signal is transmitted to the IAB host DU902 using antennas 408-1 to 408-4. The same processing is performed in downlink communication from the IAB host CU901 to the UE905.

[0196] In IAB node 904, the same send and receive processing is performed as in IAB node 903. In the protocol processing unit 403 of IAB node 903, as part of the BAP layer processing, such as assigning BAP headers in uplink communication and routing to IAB node 904, and removing BAP headers in downlink communication, etc.

[0197] In 3GPP mobile communication systems, in addition to communication with the UE, target detection via sensing has been proposed (see Non-Patent Documents 30, 31). Since the sensed targets also include non-UE targets, the location management functions imported into 3GPP mobile communication systems cannot be simply applied to sensing. A specific method for performing sensing in a mobile communication system is needed.

[0198] A function (which could also be a node or entity) for managing sensing is proposed (see Non-Patent Document 32). For example, it is called a sensing function (SF). However, Non-Patent Document 32 does not disclose specific sensing management, such as what is being managed or how it is being managed.

[0199] As a sensor management system, it manages sensing-related processes such as sensing requests, sensing settings, and sensing termination. SF can also function as a sensing server. By setting up functions to manage sensing, sensing processes can be managed uniformly, reducing the complexity of sensing processes.

[0200] SF can be configured separately from other functions within NW. This reduces processing complexity and minimizes malfunctions. Alternatively, SF can be included within other functions within NW, facilitating collaboration with other functions and reducing signaling load.

[0201] In sensing using mobile communication systems, it is proposed to use a UE or base station to sense a target (refer to Non-Patent Document 31). Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram using UE and base station sensing. Figure 11 This refers to the situation where the base station acts as the transmitting node for the sensing resources (sensing resources), and the UE acts as the receiving node for the sensing resources.

[0202] The node that transmits sensing resources is sometimes simply referred to as the transmitting node. When the node that transmits sensing resources is a base station, it is sometimes simply referred to as the transmitting base station. The node that receives sensing resources is sometimes simply referred to as the receiving node. When the node that receives sensing resources is a UE, it is sometimes simply referred to as the receiving UE.

[0203] The transmitting base station transmits sensing radio waves to the target. The transmitting base station transmits resources (sensing resources) used for sensing via these sensing radio waves. The transmitting base station can use beams to transmit sensing resources. Sensing resources can be resources along the frequency-time axis. For example, sensing resources can be signals configured for sensing. For example, sensing resources can be RS transmitted along the frequency-time axis. For example, sensing resources can be RS, PRS, CSI-RS, SSB (Synchronization Signal Block), SS, MIB, DM-RS of MIB, etc., configured for sensing.

[0204] The transmitting base station determines the beam used for sensing. The transmitting base station can use a communication beam as the sensing beam. The communication beam is not limited to the beam actually transmitting data; it can also be a beam set by the transmitting base station for the UE. For example, the base station can use the measurement result report of the RS corresponding to the communication beam at the UE to determine the sensing beam. The transmitting base station can, for example, use measurement result reports of SSB, CSI-RS, or PRS to determine the sensing beam. The transmitting base station can, for example, use information received from the SF about the receiving UE and use the communication beam between itself and the receiving UE to determine the sensing beam. For example, it can use information received from the SF about the receiving UE and use a beam transmitted to the periphery of the communication beam between itself and the receiving UE to determine the sensing beam.

[0205] The transmitting base station can select one of multiple communication beams as the sensing beam. This is effective when there are multiple receiving UEs and multiple beams used for communication with those UEs. Using a single beam for sensing simplifies the sensing process.

[0206] The transmitting base station transmits sensing resources using the determined sensing beam. Sensing resources can be, for example, RS configured for sensing. Alternatively, sensing resources can be PRS, CSI-RS, SSB, etc. The transmitting base station determines the sensing resources used for sensing.

[0207] To determine the beam, the transmitting base station can send QCL information of the sensing resources to the UE. The QCL information can indicate which RS the sensing resource is quasi-co-located with.

[0208] The transmitting base station performs sensing settings including sensing resource information, QCL information, etc. From this, sensing settings for detecting sensing targets can be derived. The transmitting base station can then send these sensing settings to the SF (Signal Power Array).

[0209] The transmitting base station can scan beams. It can transmit multiple beams in different directions. Beam scanning can be performed using multiple beams. The transmitting base station can select multiple beams from multiple communication beams as sensing beams. For example, the transmitting base station can use information about the receiving UE received from the SF (Signal Provider) to determine the beams for sensing using multiple communication beams between itself and the receiving UE. For example, it can use the communication beam of a receiving UE currently conducting data communication and beams in its adjacent direction as sensing beams. For example, the transmitting base station can use multiple communication beams of receiving UEs currently conducting data communication as sensing beams. The transmitting base station can scan these multiple sensing beams. The transmitting base station can transmit sensing resources set for each beam using the determined multiple sensing beams. The transmitting base station performs sensing settings including sensing resource information, QCL information, etc., for multiple beams. Thus, sensing settings for detecting sensing targets can be derived. The transmitting base station can send the sensing settings to the SF.

[0210] The method disclosed involves the UE reporting measurement results of the communication beam to the transmitting base station, which uses these results to determine the sensing beam. The UE can send measurement results for multiple paths of the same beam to the base station. The UE can send measurement results for each path to the base station. The UE can send measurement results for LOS (Line of Sight) and / or NLOS (Non-Line of Sight) to the base station. The UE can send measurement results for each path with both LOS and NLOS to the base station. The UE can send information indicating whether the measurement result is LOS or NLOS for each path's measurement results. Alternatively, information indicating whether the measurement result sent by the UE to the base station is NLOS can be included in the measurement results. The UE can include information indicating the probability or likelihood of the measurement result being NLOS in the measurement results. The UE can include information indicating whether the measurement result is LOS in the measurement results. The UE can include information indicating the probability or likelihood of the measurement result being LOS in the measurement results. LOS can be FAP (First Arriving Path). The UE can presume FAP to be LOS.

[0211] The transmitting base station can select a beam with an NLOS path as the sensing beam. During sensing, the receiving UE can determine the NLOS path from the transmitting base station. The receiving UE can receive and determine the reflected wave from the target.

[0212] The sensing configuration method is disclosed. Sensing configurations are shared between transmitting and receiving nodes. For example, sensing configurations are shared between a transmitting base station and one or more receiving UEs.

[0213] The SF sends a sensing configuration request to the base station. The base station, upon receiving the request, performs sensing configuration. The base station sends sensing configuration information to the SF. The SF sends the sensing configuration information to one or more receiving UEs. The SF can send the sensing configuration information to one or more receiving UEs via a base station serving that receiving UE. Thus, the receiving UE can obtain the sensing configuration. Sensing configuration can be shared between the transmitting base station and the receiving UE.

[0214] The transmitting base station can change the sensing settings. The changed sensing settings can be sent to the SF. The SF then sends the changed sensing settings information to one or more receiving UEs. Thus, the receiving UEs can obtain the changed sensing settings. Sensing settings can be shared between the transmitting base station and the receiving UEs.

[0215] The transmitting base station determines the sensing beam, and sensing configuration information, including sensing resources transmitted by the sensing beam, is sent from the transmitting base station to the SF and from the SF to the receiving UE. In the event of a change in the sensing beam, sensing configuration information, including sensing resources transmitted by the changed sensing beam, is also sent from the transmitting base station to the SF and from the SF to the receiving UE.

[0216] The sensing beam can be managed by the transmitting base station (sensing beam management (BM)).

[0217] A sensing business process (BM) can be performed between a transmitting base station and a designated UE. The designated UE is not limited to one, but can include multiple UEs. The SF can request the transmitting base station to perform the sensing BM. Upon receiving this request, the SF can perform the sensing BM between the transmitting base station and the designated UE. The designated UE is the UE performing the sensing BM. For example, it can be a sensing-associated UE (described later), a UE corresponding to the sensing service being targeted, or a UE that can obtain the specified reception quality.

[0218] The transmitting base station configures the sensing beam (BM) for a specified UE. The sensing BM configuration may include sensing resource set settings and / or measurement settings and / or reporting settings, wherein the sensing resource set settings consist of one or more sensing resources used by the sensing BM. The specified UE performs measurements on the sensing resource set. The specified UE sends the measurement results of the resource set to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station determines the sensing beam. The transmitting base station can use the measurement values ​​of the sensing resource set received from the specified UE to determine the sensing beam. The sensing beam can be a beam within the sensing resource set. The transmitting base station can also determine the receiving UE. The receiving UE is not limited to one, but can be multiple. The transmitting base station can use the measurement values ​​of the sensing resource set received from the specified UE to determine the receiving UE. The receiving UE can be determined from within the specified UE. The transmitting base station sends information about the sensing beam to the receiving UE.

[0219] The receiving UE uses the received information about the sensing beam to receive sensing resources transmitted by the sensing beam and performs sensing measurements. Sensing measurements can use sensing settings received from the SF. The sensing settings may include measurement settings and reporting settings for sensing.

[0220] like Figure 11 As shown, when sensing uses a single transmitting base station, it employs transmitted radio waves from one direction for sensing. However, sensing using transmitted radio waves from one direction has the problem of failing to improve the accuracy of target sensing. A method for solving this problem is disclosed.

[0221] Multiple transmitting nodes are set up in the sensing process. These nodes transmit radio waves for sensing. Sensing signals are transmitted from multiple transmitting nodes, and receiving nodes receive the reflections from the target to perform sensing and measurement. The number of receiving nodes is not limited to one; there can be multiple nodes. For example, a transmitting node can be a base station or a UE (User Equipment). A base station acting as a transmitting node is called a transmitting base station, and a UE acting as a transmitting node is called a transmitting UE. Similarly, a receiving node can be a base station or a UE. A base station acting as a receiving node is called a receiving base station, and a UE acting as a receiving node is called a receiving UE.

[0222] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating sensing using multiple transmitting nodes. It shows a scenario where multiple base stations act as transmitting nodes for the sensing resources (sensing resources), and multiple UEs act as receiving nodes for these sensing resources. For example, the multiple transmitting nodes are designated as base station #1, base station #2, and base station #3, which transmit sensing resources. The multiple receiving nodes are designated as UE #1 and UE #2, which receive sensing resources reflected from a target. One receiving node receives sensing resources from one or more transmitting nodes. For example, UE #1 and UE #2 can both receive sensing resources from base station #1, base station #2, and base station #3. For example, UE #1 can receive sensing resources from base station #1 and base station #2, and UE #2 can receive sensing resources from base station #1 and base station #3. For example, UE #1 can receive sensing resources from base station #1, and UE #2 can receive sensing resources from base station #2. For example, UE #1 can receive sensing resources from base station #1 and base station #2, and UE #2 can receive sensing resources from base station #3. Therefore, multiple transmitting nodes can be used in sensing.

[0223] The method for handling public sensing is described. For example, the transmitting node is set as a base station, and the receiving node is set as a UE. Each transmitting base station performs sensing configuration. Each transmitting base station sends sensing configuration information to the SF. The SF aggregates the sensing configuration information from multiple base stations. The SF sends the sensing configuration information from each transmitting base station to the receiving UE. The SF can also request sensing configuration from multiple transmitting base stations. Each transmitting base station can also perform sensing configuration based on the sensing configuration request.

[0224] A method for combining a transmitting base station and a receiving UE is disclosed. All receiving UEs can receive sensing resources from all transmitting base stations. Alternatively, one or more receiving UEs can receive sensing resources from multiple transmitting base stations. A single receiving UE can receive sensing resources from multiple transmitting base stations. One or more receiving UEs can receive sensing resources from a single transmitting base station. The receiving UE can be a UE within the coverage area of ​​the transmitting base station. The receiving UE can be a UE connected to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station can be a serving base station of the receiving UE. The receiving UE receives sensing resources from the serving base station. These methods can also be combined. The combination of transmitting base stations and receiving UEs can also be configured. For example, the combination of transmitting base stations and receiving UEs can be determined by the SF (Signaling Station) or the transmitting base station. For example, the combination of transmitting base stations and receiving UEs can also be determined by other nodes. The combination of transmitting base stations and receiving UEs performing sensing can be configured in various ways. For example, by configuring a combination adapted to the environment during sensing, sensing accuracy can be improved.

[0225] The transmitting base station can be a base station corresponding to the sensing service being applied. The transmitting base station can be a sensing-associated base station. These base stations can be transmitting base station candidates. The transmitting base station can be determined from these base stations.

[0226] From information about the sensing area, base stations existing within the sensing area are derived. Base stations near the sensing area, base stations capable of performing sensing processes, or base stations capable of transmitting sensing resources can also be derived. The sensing area can be a defined region. It can be within a defined distance. These base stations are called sensing-associated base stations (SATBS). Information about the defined region can be used as information about the sensing area. One or more base stations can be derived. SATBS can also be derived as candidates for transmitting base stations.

[0227] NW nodes can derive associated base stations. An NW node is a node within a mobile communication network (NW). An NW node can be, for example, an LMF (Local Management Provider). The LMF can derive associated base stations from information about the sensing area. The LMF identifies the location information of the base stations. By using the LMF, associated base stations can be determined. An associated base station can be a base station with location information from a specified time period. Alternatively, it can be a base station with the most up-to-date location information. By using a base station with more recent location information, more accurate sensing can be achieved.

[0228] The SF can request other NW nodes to export sense-associated base stations. The SF sends information related to the sensing area to the NW node, which then uses this information to export the sense-associated base stations. The NW node then sends the exported information back to the SF. This information may include, for example, information identifying the sense-associated base stations. Other NW nodes may be, for example, LMFs.

[0229] The receiving UE can be the UE corresponding to the target sensing service. The receiving UE can be a sensing-associated UE. The receiving UE can be a UE capable of acquiring specified metrics representing reception quality, such as RSRP, RSRQ, SIR (Signal-to-Interference Ratio), and SINR (Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio). Reception quality can be the reception quality of sensing resources or the reception quality of communication RS. These UEs can be receiving UE candidates. The receiving UE can be selected from these UEs.

[0230] From information about the sensing area, UEs existing within the sensing area are derived. UEs located near the sensing area, UEs capable of performing sensing processes, or UEs capable of receiving sensing resources can also be derived. The sensing area can be a defined region. The sensing area can also be within a defined distance from a defined location. These UEs are referred to as sensing-associated UEs (sensing-associated communication terminals). Information about the defined region can be used as information about the sensing area. One or more UEs can be derived. Sensing-associated UEs can be derived as candidates for receiving UEs.

[0231] The NW node can derive the sense-associated UE. The NW node can be, for example, an LMF (Local Location Filter). The LMF can derive the sense-associated UE from information about the sensing area. The LMF identifies the UE's location information. By using the LMF, the sense-associated UE can be determined. The sense-associated UE can be a UE with location information within a specified time period. The sense-associated UE can be a UE with the latest UE location information. The sense-associated UE can be a UE performing location management or location measurement. By using a UE with updated UE location information, more accurate sensing can be achieved.

[0232] The SF can request other NW nodes to export the sense-associated UE. The SF sends information related to the sensing area to the other NW nodes, which then use this information to export the sense-associated UE. The exported information related to the sense-associated UE is then sent back to the SF. This information may include, for example, information identifying the sense-associated UE. Other NW nodes may be, for example, LMFs.

[0233] The SF can send information related to the sense-associated UE to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station can request information related to the sense-associated UE from the SF. The SF can send information related to the sense-associated UE received from the LMF to the transmitting base station.

[0234] The transmitting base station can request the LMF to export the sensed associated UE. The LMF can send information about the sensed associated UE to the transmitting base station.

[0235] The SF (Signaling Station) can determine the transmitting base station. The SF can also determine the receiving UE. Having the SF determine the transmitting base station and the receiving UE simplifies sensing management. Alternatively, the transmitting base station can also determine the receiving UE. After the receiving UE is determined or changed, the receiving UE can perform sensing measurements earlier, reducing the latency of sensing processing.

[0236] The base station can notify NW nodes, such as SF or LMF, of information related to the UE's reception quality. The NW node can use this information to determine which UE to sense. The SF can use this information to determine which UE to receive from. This allows the identification of UEs with good radio wave propagation conditions.

[0237] The following are four examples of information included in the sensor settings.

[0238] (1) Information about the settings of sensing resources.

[0239] (2) Information about the settings for sensing measurements.

[0240] (3) Information regarding the report of the sensing measurement results.

[0241] (4) Combinations of (1) to (3).

[0242] Here are eight examples of information regarding the settings of sensing resources in (1).

[0243] (1-1) Information about the resources used for sensing.

[0244] (1-2) Information on the allocation of sensing resources.

[0245] (1-3) Sensing resource period and offset information.

[0246] (1-4) Start time, end time, and information during the transmission of the sensing resources.

[0247] (1-5) Information related to the beam used for sensing.

[0248] (1-6) QCL information of the sensing resources.

[0249] (1-7) Information related to the power of the sensing resources.

[0250] Combinations of (1-8) (1-1) to (1-7).

[0251] (1-1) For example, it could be information about the frequency used for sensing. For example, (1-1) could be information about the RS used for sensing. Information about the frequency used for sensing could be, for example, information about the frequency band, frequency layer, BWP, etc. The frequency band, frequency layer, BWP, etc., used for sensing can also be set. These can be specific to sensing. By determining the frequency used for sensing, the processing complexity of nodes performing sensing processing, such as the UE or base station, can be reduced. Information about the RS used for sensing could be, for example, set as the RS, PRS, SSB, CSI-RS, etc., used for sensing. The receiving UE can identify what sensing resources can be received.

[0252] (1-1) For example, it could also be information related to the code of the signal transmitted by the sensing resource used for sensing. For example, there could be the sequence of RS used for sensing, the comb value, orthogonal code, etc.

[0253] (1-2) For example, it could be time-frequency information mapping sensing resources. Time information could include symbols, time slots, radio frames, etc., mapping sensing resources. Alternatively, it could be time units such as seconds, hours, days, years, etc. Frequency information could include subcarriers, resource blocks, subbands, BWPs, carrier frequencies, sensing frequency layers, etc., mapping sensing resources.

[0254] (1-2) For example, it could also be information related to the RE (Resource Element) that the sensed resource is mapped to. In addition, frequency hopping can be performed on the sensed resource, (1-2) for example, it could also be information related to the frequency hopping pattern within a specified time unit.

[0255] Sensing can also be supported in SCell (or CC). Sensing can also be supported in SCG. Sensing can also be supported in PSCell. Dedicated SCells, SCGs, and PSCells can also be configured for sensing. For example, communication can be performed in PCell, and sensing can be performed in SCell, which can reduce the complexity of sensing processing during communication.

[0256] The allocation information of sensing resources in (1-2) can be information used to determine SCell, SCG, and PSCell. The receiving UE can receive the setting information of sensing resources in SCell, SCG, and PSCell.

[0257] The sensing resources can be transmitted periodically. (1-3) can be the period and offset information of the sensing resources transmitted periodically.

[0258] (1-4) contains information about the start time, end time, and transmission period of the sensing resource. For example, the sensing resource is transmitted periodically during this transmission period. The unit of time can be a symbol, time slot, radio frame, or seconds, hours, days, years, etc.

[0259] (1-5) contains information about the sensing beam for transmitting sensing resources. An identifier can be set for the sensing beam. The receiving UE can determine the sensing beam. For example, an identifier used for the communication beam can be used as an identifier for the sensing beam. The association with the communication beam can be indicated, and the settings of the communication beam can be used flexibly.

[0260] (1-6) is information about resources that are in a QCL relationship with the sensing resource. For example, it could be information about a communication RS that is in a QCL relationship with the sensing RS. Thus, for example, measurement results related to communication resources that are in a QCL relationship with the sensing resource can be used as a substitute for measurement results of the sensing resource, thereby simplifying the processing.

[0261] (1-7) is information related to the transmission power of the sensing resource. For example, this transmission power information could be the absolute value of the transmission power. For example, this transmission information could be the difference between the sensing resource and other channels or other RSs. The receiving UE can identify the transmission power of the sensing resource. For example, the receiving UE can use this transmission power information to derive path loss. Path loss can be used as a sensing measurement indicator.

[0262] Regarding the information example of the setting of sensing measurement in (2), four examples are disclosed below.

[0263] (2-1) Information about the measurement gap for sensing.

[0264] (2-1) Information about the window used for sensing measurement.

[0265] (2-3) Information on sensing measurement indicators.

[0266] Combinations of (2-4) (2-1) to (2-3).

[0267] Measurement gaps can also be set for sensing. (2-1) For example, the measurement gap period, start time, end time, etc. The unit of time can be a symbol, time slot, radio frame, or seconds, hours, days, years, etc. There is no limit to one measurement gap for sensing; multiple gaps can be set. For example, a measurement gap for sensing is effective when sensing is performed at a frequency different from the communication frequency. The receiving UE can switch from the communication frequency to the sensing frequency during this gap, thereby enabling sensing measurements.

[0268] A window can also be set for sensing measurements. (2-2) For example, the duration, start time, and end time of the sensing window. The unit of time can be a symbol, time slot, radio frame, or seconds, hours, days, years, etc. There is no single sensing window; multiple windows can be set. The sensing window is effective, for example, when sensing is performed at a communication frequency. For example, the receiving UE can choose not to receive communication channels or signals during the sensing window. The receiving UE can perform sensing measurements within the sensing window.

[0269] As examples of information regarding sensing measurement indicators in (2-3), 10 are disclosed below.

[0270] (2-3-1) RSRP.

[0271] (2-3-2) RSRQ.

[0272] (2-3-3) Doppler frequency.

[0273] (2-3-4) AOA.

[0274] (2-3-5) AOD.

[0275] (2-3-6) TDOA.

[0276] (2-3-7) CIR.

[0277] (2-3-8) PDP.

[0278] (2-3-9) Sensing measurement time.

[0279] Combinations of (2-3-10) (2-3-1) to (2-3-9).

[0280] The receiving UE can be configured to determine which metric to measure as a sensing metric. By receiving this information, the receiving UE can identify which metric can be measured as a sensing metric.

[0281] Furthermore, the information regarding the sensor measurement settings may include information about the sensor resources. It may also include information about the sensor resources used for the measurement. For example, if multiple sensor resources are set, it can identify which sensor resource needs to be measured.

[0282] Information related to sensing and measurement settings may include information related to measurement triggering. Information related to measurement triggering may, for example, indicate whether the timing for performing the sensing and measurement is dynamic, periodic, or event-triggered. If the timing for performing the sensing and measurement is dynamic, the receiving node can perform the sensing and measurement upon receiving a sensing request or activation command. Information related to sensing and measurement settings may, for example, be a specified period. The receiving node can perform the sensing and measurement within the specified period after receiving a sensing request or activation.

[0283] If the timing for sensing measurements is periodic, the receiving node can perform sensing measurements periodically. Information related to the sensing measurement settings may include, for example, the measurement period, offset, start time, and end time.

[0284] If the timing for the sensing measurement is event-triggered, the receiving node can perform the sensing measurement according to the conditions for doing so. Information related to the sensing measurement settings may include conditions specific to the sensing measurement. For example, this could include information such as a specified area, a specified location, and a specified distance from that location. This information could also be movement-related. For example, sensing measurement might be performed when the receiving node enters a specified range. Or, it could be performed when the receiving node is within a specified distance from a specified location. Or, it could be performed when the receiving node makes a specified movement.

[0285] Information related to the conditions for performing sensing measurements can also be information related to indicators measured during communication. For example, it could be a threshold value for an indicator measured during communication. Indicators measured during communication could be, for example, RSRP or RSRQ. For instance, the receiving UE performs sensing measurements when the RSRP is above or greater than this threshold. Information related to the conditions for performing sensing measurements can also be set to changes in radio wave propagation conditions or channel conditions. For example, sensing measurements can be performed when the path of LOS or NLOS changes. For example, sensing measurements can be performed when the FAP changes.

[0286] By including information related to measurement triggering in the information related to the sensing and measurement settings, sensing and measurement can be performed in a timely manner, for example, enabling low power consumption of the receiving node.

[0287] The UE can perform sensing measurements by receiving the settings for sensing measurements.

[0288] Regarding the information examples of the report on the sensing measurement results in (3), three examples are disclosed below.

[0289] (3-1) Report triggered.

[0290] (3-2) Information about the measurement results.

[0291] Combinations of (3-3), (3-1), and (3-2).

[0292] (3-1) For example, this could be information indicating whether the timing of reporting sensing measurement results is periodic or event-triggered. If the timing of the sensing measurement is dynamic, the receiving node can report the sensing measurement results upon receiving a sensing request or activation. Alternatively, a sensing measurement result report request message can be set. The NW node sends a sensing measurement result report request to the receiving node. The receiving node receiving the request can report the sensing measurement results. Information related to the sensing measurement result report can be, for example, a specified period. The receiving node can report the sensing measurement results within the specified period after receiving a sensing request, activation, or sensing measurement result report request. When the timing of reporting sensing measurement results is periodic, this could be information such as the reporting period, start time, and end time of the measurement results. When the timing of reporting sensing measurement results is event-triggered, this could be information about the conditions for reporting sensing measurement results. This condition could be, for example, a specified threshold for a sensing measurement index. For example, a threshold for RSRP can be set. The receiving UE can report the measurement results when RSRP reaches or exceeds this threshold. This condition could be, for example, a change in radio wave propagation conditions or channel conditions. For example, the measurement results can be reported when the LOS or NLOS path changes. For example, measurement results can be reported when FAP changes.

[0293] As another method, upon event triggering, the receiving UE can report that the event has occurred. The node receiving the report can then recognize that the event has occurred. For example, the report can be used to change sensing settings. More appropriate sensing processing can then be implemented.

[0294] (3-2) For example, it could be information about the transmitting base station, information about the measured sensing resources, information about the measured sensing beam, sensing measurement indicators, etc. (3-2) could be the identifier of the transmitting base station, the identifier of the sensing resources, or the identifier of the sensing beam. The node that receives the measurement result can determine which transmitting base station, which sensing beam, and which sensing resource it is.

[0295] The settings for sensing settings, sensing resource settings, information about sensing resource settings, sensing measurement settings, information about sensing measurement settings, sensing measurement result reporting settings, or information about sensing measurement result reporting are not limited to one; multiple settings can be configured. Information used to determine each setting or piece of information can be set for each setting or piece of information. For example, this information can be an identifier. For instance, SF can determine a specific sensing setting or piece of information from multiple sensing settings or pieces of information, identifying which setting and which piece of information it is. Therefore, for example, the sensing settings can be changed according to the measurement environment, enabling flexible sensing settings.

[0296] The node that publicly performs sensing configuration. Sensing configuration is performed by the transmitting base station. Each of the multiple transmitting base stations performs its own sensing configuration. The SF can send the sensing configuration information set by each base station to the receiving UE. It is capable of performing sensing configurations applicable to each base station.

[0297] The sensing configuration can be performed by the SF. For example, the SF can use sensing configuration information obtained from each transmitting base station to determine the sensing configuration. For example, the SF decides to use a portion of the sensing configuration information obtained from each transmitting base station as the sensing configuration. For example, sensing resource configurations outside a specified period can be excluded and used as the sensing configuration. Cooperative sensing can be implemented using multiple transmitting base stations. The SF sends the determined sensing configuration information to the receiving UE. In addition, the SF can send the determined sensing configuration information to each transmitting base station. Each transmitting base station can obtain the sensing configuration information determined by the SF.

[0298] The above methods can also be combined. Some of the sensing settings can be performed by the transmitting base station, while others can be performed by the SF. For example, the sensing resource settings in the sensing settings can be performed by the transmitting base station, while other sensing settings can be performed by the SF.

[0299] Figure 13 This diagram illustrates an example sequence of sensing processing using multiple transmitting nodes. It shows an example where the transmitting nodes are multiple base stations (base station #1, base station #2) and the receiving nodes are multiple UEs (UE #1, UE #2). It also shows an example of sensing configuration performed by the transmitting base stations.

[0300] In step ST1301, a sensing request is generated in an external device. The external device can be an application, an application server (AS), or an application function entity (AF). In step ST1302, the external device sends the sensing request to a gateway. The gateway can be included in the mobile communication network (NW). A sensing gateway can be configured. Thus, the external device can request sensing processing from the mobile communication network (NW). The sensing request may include, for example, sensing-related information. Sensing-related information may include, for example, sensing service information as the target, sensing target information, sensing area information, UE information and base station information supporting the sensing service, performance information required for sensing, key performance indicators (KPIs) required for sensing, or combinations thereof.

[0301] A Network Exposure Function (NEF) can provide input and output capabilities for sensing processing to external systems. For example, a NEF can route sensing requests to NW nodes. It can also output sensing results to external devices. External devices, such as AFs, can send sensing requests to a gateway via the NEF. Similarly, a gateway can send sensing results to an AF via the NEF.

[0302] In step ST1303, the gateway sends a sensing request to the AMF. In step ST1304, the AMF sends a sensing request to the SF. The SF can receive the sensing request. The gateway can also send a sensing request to the SF without going through the AMF. For example, if there is no UE information supporting the sensing service in the sensing-related information, it can be done without going through the AMF. This can reduce the load on the AMF.

[0303] Core Network (CN) nodes can derive the performance requirements for sensing processing in the NW, such as QoS, from sensing-related information. This deriving function is sometimes referred to as the NW sensing request performance export function. CN nodes, such as NEF, gateways, and SF, can possess this NW sensing request performance export function. Other CN nodes can also have this function. By sending sensing-related information to a CN node with this function, the CN node can export the performance requirements for sensing processing in the NW. For example, the SF sends sensing-related information to a CN node with this function. The CN node exports the performance requirements for sensing processing in the NW and sends it to the SF. Thus, the SF can obtain the performance requirements for sensing processing in the NW.

[0304] In step ST1306, the SF may request relevant information about the sensing associated base station and the sensing associated UE from the LMF. This request may include, for example, target location information. The request may also include, for example, information related to sensing, and the performance required for sensing processing in the NW. The LMF derives the relevant information about the sensing associated base station and the sensing associated UE. This deriving can utilize the sensing-related information contained in the received request and the performance required for sensing processing in the NW. In step ST1307, the LMF sends the relevant information about the sensing associated base station and the relevant information about the sensing associated UE to the SF. The processes from steps ST1301 to ST1307 are collectively referred to as the "sensing request transmission process" in step ST1380.

[0305] In step ST1309, the SF determines multiple transmitting base stations. The SF may also determine one or more receiving UEs. In step ST1311, the SF requests sensing settings from multiple transmitting base stations. The sensing settings request may include, for example, information related to the receiving UE, information related to the transmitting base stations, sensing-related information, performance requirements for sensing processing in the NW, information related to the sensing-associated base station, information related to the sensing-associated UE, and combinations of the above information. Information related to the receiving UE may, for example, be information for determining the receiving UE. Information related to the transmitting base stations may, for example, be information for determining the transmitting base stations.

[0306] In step ST1313, each transmitting base station performs sensor configuration. The sensor configuration of each transmitting base station can utilize the information contained in the sensor configuration request. In step ST1315, each transmitting base station sends a sensor configuration response to the SF. Each transmitting base station sends sensor configuration information to the SF. Thus, the SF can obtain the sensor configuration information of each transmitting base station.

[0307] The transmitting base station can send a sensor setting request rejection to the SF. The transmitting base station can include the sensor setting request rejection in the sensor setting response. For example, in situations where the transmitting base station is under high load and unable to perform sensing processing, a sensor setting request rejection can be sent. Upon receiving a sensor setting request rejection, the SF can exclude the transmitting base station that sent the rejection and proceed with sensing processing. The SF can determine that it will not request a sensing from that transmitting base station. Alternatively, upon receiving a sensor setting request rejection, the SF can exclude the transmitting base station that sent the rejection and re-select the transmitting base station. The SF can then send a sensor setting request to the re-selected transmitting base station. Thus, the transmitting base station can be selected considering its condition.

[0308] In step ST1321, the SF sends a sensing configuration request to the receiving UE. The SF sends sensing configuration information of the transmitting base station to the receiving UE. The sensing configuration information can be the sensing configuration information of all transmitting base stations. Alternatively, the sensing configuration information can be the sensing configuration information of the transmitting base stations received by each receiving UE. These can be determined based on the combination of the transmitting base station and the receiving UE. This combination can be performed by the SF. The sensing configuration request for the receiving UE may include information related to the transmitting base station. Information related to each transmitting base station and the sensing configuration information in each transmitting base station can be sent together. Thus, each receiving UE can obtain the sensing configuration. In step ST1323, each receiving UE performs sensing configuration for each transmitting base station. In step ST1325, each receiving UE sends a sensing configuration response to the SF. The sensing configuration response may include relevant information about the UE, relevant information about the transmitting base station for which sensing configuration was performed, etc. The SF can identify which transmitting base station the receiving UE performed sensing configuration for.

[0309] The receiving UE can send a sensor setting request rejection to the SF. The receiving UE can include the sensor setting request rejection in the sensor setting response. For example, if the receiving UE is engaged in communication and cannot perform sensing processing, it can send a sensor setting request rejection. Upon receiving a sensor setting request rejection, the SF can exclude the receiving UE that sent the rejection and proceed with sensing processing. Alternatively, the SF can determine that it will not perform sensing measurements for that receiving UE. It can also determine that it will not request sensing from that receiving UE. Another method is that the SF can exclude the receiving UE that sent the rejection and re-select the receiving UE. The SF can then send a sensor setting request to the re-selected receiving UE. Thus, the receiving UE can be selected based on its condition.

[0310] In step ST1331, the SF sends a sensing request to multiple transmitting base stations. The sensing request may include, for example, sensing setting information, such as an identifier for the sensing setting or an identifier for the sensing resource setting. For example, the sensing request may include an identifier for the sensing measurement setting or an identifier for the sensing measurement report setting. Furthermore, the sensing request may include an identifier for the setting for which sensing is requested. The sensing request may also include activation / deactivation information for each setting. Upon receiving the sensing request, the transmitting base station sends sensing resources according to the sensing setting for which sensing is requested in steps ST1333 and ST1334. In step ST1336, each transmitting base station sends a sensing request response to the SF. The sensing request response may include, for example, an identifier for the executed sensing setting or an identifier for the sensing resource setting. The SF can then identify that each transmitting base station has performed sensing processing.

[0311] The transmitting base station can send a sensing request rejection to the SF. The transmitting base station can include the sensing request rejection in the sensing request response. For example, it can send a sensing request rejection when the transmitting base station is under high load and unable to transmit sensing resources. Upon receiving a sensing request rejection, the SF can exclude the transmitting base station that sent the rejection and proceed with sensing processing. Alternatively, upon receiving a sensing request rejection, the SF can exclude the transmitting base station that sent the rejection and re-determine the transmitting base station. The SF can then send a sensing request to the re-determined transmitting base station. Thus, the transmitting base station can be determined considering the base station's condition.

[0312] In step ST1341, the SF sends a sensing request to one or more receiving UEs. This sensing request may include, for example, sensing setting information, such as an identifier for a sensing setting, an identifier for a sensing resource setting, an identifier for a sensing measurement setting, and an identifier for a sensing measurement report setting. The sensing request may include, for example, an identifier for the setting for which sensing is requested. Furthermore, the sensing request may include activation / deactivation information for each setting. Upon receiving the sensing request, the receiving UE performs sensing measurement according to the requested sensing setting in step ST1343. In step ST1345, each receiving UE sends a sensing request response to the SF. The sensing request response may include, for example, an identifier for the executed sensing setting, an identifier for a sensing resource setting, an identifier for a sensing measurement setting, and an identifier for a sensing measurement report setting. The SF can identify that each receiving UE has performed sensing processing.

[0313] The receiving UE can send a sensing request rejection to the SF. The receiving UE can include the sensing request rejection in the sensing request response. For example, a sensing request rejection can be sent when the receiving UE is engaged in communication and cannot perform sensing measurements, or when no sensing measurement interval is set. Upon receiving a sensing request rejection, the SF can exclude the receiving UE that sent the rejection and proceed with sensing processing. Alternatively, upon receiving a sensing request rejection, the SF can exclude the receiving UE that sent the rejection and re-select the receiving UE. The SF can then send a sensing request to the re-selected receiving UE. Thus, the receiving UE can be selected based on the UE's condition.

[0314] In step ST1347, the receiving UE sends the sensing measurement results to the SF. Each receiving UE can report the sensing measurement results by performing sensing settings as required. The sensing measurement results may include the measured sensing setting information, such as the identifier of the sensing resource setting, information related to the transmitting base station being measured, etc. The sensing measurement results may include measurement time information. The SF can identify which base station and which sensing resource the receiving UE received the measurement for. The processing of steps ST1331 to ST1347 is collectively referred to as "Sensing Measurement Process #1" in step ST1382.

[0315] In step ST1351, the SF derives sensing results using measurement results from sensing resources received from multiple base stations by one or more receiving UEs. Sensing results may include, for example, 3D object detection results, six-dimensional (3D coordinates + 3-axis orientation) object detection results, object shape, size, position, speed, direction of movement, water level, humidity, air pressure, heartbeat, etc. Information included in the sensing results may include, for example, time information. Time information may include, for example, the time the target was detected, the detection period, the time the target could not be detected, etc. Sensing results can be derived using information about the sensing results. Furthermore, the sensing results may include information indicating what kind of object the target is, such as an intruder, obstacle, river, atmosphere, etc. Sensing results can be derived using information about the target. Additionally, information included in the sensing results may include information about the area being sensed, information about the sensing time, information about accuracy, QoS measurement results, information about QoE measurement results, etc. Information included in the sensing results may include, for example, information about the presence or absence of a target or whether it has been detected. Sensing results can be derived using information included in the sensing request.

[0316] In step ST1361, the SF determines whether sensing needs to be performed again. If sensing needs to be performed again, it can send a sensing request to the transmitting base station or receiving UE again. For example, if the performance requirements of the sensing processing in the NW, such as sensing accuracy, are not met, the SF can return to step ST1331 and request sensing again.

[0317] If sensing needs to be performed again, the process can return to step ST1309 to re-determine the transmitting base station and / or receiving UE. The sensing measurement results may include the reception quality of the sensing resources. For example, the SF can use the reception quality of the sensing resources to determine changes in the receiving UE and / or transmitting base station. The SF can change the receiving UE and / or transmitting base station and perform sensing processing again. More precise sensing processing can be performed.

[0318] If sensing is not required again, in step ST1371, the SF sends the sensing result to the AMF; in step ST1373, the AMF sends the sensing result to the gateway; and in step ST1375, the gateway sends the sensing result to the external device. The SF can also send the sensing result to the gateway without going through the AMF, which reduces the load on the AMF. The processes in steps ST1371 to ST1375 are collectively referred to as the "sensing result transmission process" in step ST1384.

[0319] Therefore, sensing processing using multiple transmitting base stations can be performed.

[0320] Sensing processing using multiple transmitting base stations can be performed collaboratively among the participating nodes.

[0321] Specific collaboration methods are disclosed. In the export of sensing results, sensing measurement results from sensing resources of each transmitting base station can be collaboratively used. Methods for collaboratively using sensing measurement results are disclosed.

[0322] Time information is added to the sensing measurement results. This time information can be, for example, the reception time information of the sensed resource being measured. The time information can also be, for example, the time information of the sensed resource itself. The time information of the sensed resource can be, for example, information that determines at what timing the sensed resource was transmitted. For example, the time information can be the identifier of the transmitting base station that transmitted the sensed resource. For example, the time information can be the identifier of the sensed resource. By comparing the identifier of the transmitting base station with the identifier of the sensed resource, the transmission time information of the sensed resource with that identifier can be determined. The time information can also be, for example, frame information, time slot information, or symbol information.

[0323] Therefore, in the export of sensing results, sensing measurement results from sensing resources of each transmitting base station can be used collaboratively. For example, sensing measurement results within a specified time range can be used in the export of sensing results, further improving sensing accuracy.

[0324] The sensing settings for each transmitting base station can be performed independently. Sensing settings adapted to the conditions of each transmitting base station can be configured. The aforementioned collaborative method can also be applied even when the sensing settings for each transmitting base station are performed independently. Sensing accuracy can be further improved due to the collaborative sensing processing.

[0325] Other collaborative methods are disclosed. Sensing settings can be collaboratively configured between transmitting base stations. This can further improve sensing accuracy.

[0326] A method for collaborative sensing configuration between transmitting base stations is disclosed. Desired sensing configurations (sometimes referred to as desired sensing settings) are set. The SF determines the desired sensing configuration information. The SF can send the desired sensing configuration information to each transmitting base station. The desired sensing configuration information can be set for each transmitting base station, or the same configuration information can be used across multiple transmitting base stations. For example, it can be flexibly configured based on the combination of transmitting base stations and receiving UEs.

[0327] The desired sensing configuration information can be included in the sensing configuration request. Each transmitting base station uses the desired sensing configuration information received from the SF to perform sensing configuration. All desired sensing configuration information can be used as the sensing configuration, or only a portion can be used. Alternatively, the desired sensing configuration information can be omitted from the sensing configuration. Each transmitting base station sends the sensing configuration information to the SF. Information indicating whether the sensing configuration information is the same as the desired sensing configuration information can be included in the transmission. By including this information, the SF can identify the similarity earlier. Each transmitting base station sends a sensing configuration response to the SF. The sensing configuration information can be included in the sensing configuration response.

[0328] The transmitting base station may send a sensor setting request rejection to the SF. For example, when the transmitting base station is unable to respond to a sensor setting request from the SF due to insufficient resources, it may send a sensor setting request rejection. For example, when the transmitting base station cannot perform sensor setting using the desired sensor setting information from the SF, it may send a sensor setting request rejection. In this case, the transmitting base station may send sensor setting information to the SF that is different from the desired sensor setting information.

[0329] The SF can exclude a transmitting base station that has sent a sensing configuration request rejection from its list of transmitting base stations. If the sensing configuration request rejection includes sensing configuration information, the SF can determine whether that sensing configuration information is usable for sensing. Based on the determination, if it is usable, it is designated as a transmitting base station; otherwise, it is excluded. If it is usable, the sensing configuration can be sent to the receiving UE. Alternatively, the sensing configuration can also be sent to the transmitting base station. Thus, for example, a transmitting base station more suitable for sensing processing can be determined.

[0330] The desired sensing setting information can be set to a desired value for the sensing setting information disclosed above. For example, the desired sensing setting information could be set to make sensing resources from each transmitting base station simultaneous or within a specified time period. For example, it could be set to make each transmitting base station identical or within a specified frequency range. For example, it could be set to prevent interference from sensing resources transmitted from each transmitting base station.

[0331] As a method to prevent interference between sensing resources from different transmitting base stations, for example, time resources, frequency resources, or the codes of the signals transmitted by the sensing resources can be made different. Combinations of these methods are also possible. Time resources include, for example, symbols, time slots, and frames. Frequency resources include, for example, subcarriers, resource blocks (RBs), subbands, and baseband windows (BWPs). Cells can also be made different. Signal codes include, for example, sequences, comb values, and orthogonal codes. Furthermore, the REs mapped to the sensing resources can be made different. In addition, frequency hopping can be performed on the sensing resources, and different frequency hopping patterns can be used. Thus, it is possible to configure the sensing resources between transmitting base stations to prevent interference between each other.

[0332] For example, the sensing resources of each transmitting base station can have the same period but different offsets. For example, the sensing resources of each transmitting base station can be mapped to different symbols. An offset can be set to make the symbols different. The symbols can also be made different within a specified range. For example, the sensing resources of each transmitting base station can be set to map different symbols within the same time slot. Thus, the sensing resources of each transmitting base station can be set to operate within a specified time period. Sensing using sensing resources within this specified time period yields highly accurate sensing results. Furthermore, since the sensing resources of each transmitting base station are mapped to different symbols, interference between transmitting base stations can be reduced.

[0333] For example, the period and offset of the sensing resources of each transmitting base station can be made the same. For example, the symbols mapped to the sensing resources of each transmitting base station can be the same. For example, the frequency resources mapped to the sensing resources of each transmitting base station can be different. For example, the subcarriers can be different. The subcarriers can also be different within a specified range. For example, the sensing resources of each transmitting base station can be configured to be mapped to different subcarriers within the same RB. Thus, the sensing resources of each transmitting base station can be set to the same symbol and within a specified frequency range. Sensing using sensing resources with the same symbol and within a specified frequency range yields more accurate sensing results. Furthermore, since the subcarriers mapped to the sensing resources of each transmitting base station are different, interference between transmitting base stations can be reduced.

[0334] For example, the period and offset of the sensing resources of each transmitting base station can be made the same. For example, the symbols mapped to the sensing resources of each transmitting base station can be the same. For example, the frequency resources mapped to the sensing resources of each transmitting base station can be the same. For example, the subcarriers can be the same. For example, the codes of the signals transmitted by the sensing resources of each transmitting base station can be different. For example, the codes can be set to be orthogonal. Thus, it is possible to set the sensing resources of each transmitting base station to have different codes on the same symbols and the same subcarriers. Sensing using sensing resources with the same symbols and subcarriers can result in more accurate sensing results. In addition, since the codes of the signals transmitted by the sensing resources of each transmitting base station are orthogonal, interference between transmitting base stations can be reduced.

[0335] The configurable range of sensing resources can be set. This configurable range can be included in the sensing settings. The configurable range can be, for example, a time range, a frequency range, or a code range. The configurable time range can be, for example, within a frame, within a time slot, such as within a sensing measurement interval or a sensing measurement window. The configurable frequency range can be, for example, within a BWP, within a sub-band, or within an RB. The configurable code range can be, for example, a sequence with a specified sequence length. The configurable range can be, for example, the range of the number, location, or direction of antennas transmitting sensing resources. Therefore, the configurable range of sensing resources for each transmitting base station can be flexibly set. For example, settings can be made to make the configurable range of sensing resources different between each transmitting base station, or to make the sensing resources set by each transmitting base station for the receiving UE different within this range. This can further reduce interference with sensing resources.

[0336] The desired sensing setting information can be, for example, desired sensing measurement setting information. For instance, it can be set to ensure that the sensing measurement timing is within a specified period. Or, it can be set to ensure that the sensing measurement index is a specified index. A settable range can be configured in the sensing measurement settings. For example, by ensuring that the sensing measurement timing in the receiving UE is within a specified period, the timing of the sensing measurement results can be standardized, thereby improving sensing accuracy.

[0337] Desired sensing settings can include, for example, desired sensing measurement result reporting settings. For instance, the timing of sensing measurement result reporting can be set to fall within a specified period. Similarly, the sensing measurement result reporting index can be set to a specified index. A configurable range can be set for the sensing measurement result reporting settings. For example, by setting the timing of sensing measurement result reporting in the receiving UE to fall within a specified period, the timing of sensing measurement result reporting can be standardized, facilitating the export of sensing results from the SF. This can improve accuracy.

[0338] Figure 14 This is a diagram illustrating an example sequence of sensing processes employing a method of cooperation among multiple transmitting base stations. (For...) Figure 13Common steps are labeled with the same step number, and common descriptions are omitted. The processing of steps ST1380 and ST1309 is the same as... Figure 13 The same applies. In step ST1411, the SF performs the desired sensing settings for each transmitting base station. As disclosed above, the SF can perform the desired sensing settings to enable sensing settings to cooperate between transmitting base stations.

[0339] In step ST1421, the SF sends desired sensing configuration information to each transmitting base station. This information may be included in a sensing configuration request. In step ST1423, each transmitting base station performs sensing configuration. This sensing configuration can utilize the received desired sensing configuration information. Thus, collaborative sensing configuration among multiple transmitting base stations can be achieved. In step ST1425, each transmitting base station sends a sensing configuration response to the SF. The sensing configuration response may include information about using the desired sensing configuration information as the sensing configuration. The sensing configuration response may also include sensing configuration information. Thus, the SF can identify that each transmitting base station has performed desired sensing configuration.

[0340] If a transmitting base station is unable to respond to a sensing configuration request from the SF, a sensing configuration request rejection can be sent in step ST1425 instead of a sensing configuration response. Alternatively, the sensing configuration request rejection can be included in the sensing configuration response. For example, if a transmitting base station is unable to perform sensing configuration using the desired sensing configuration information from the SF, the transmitting base station can send sensing configuration information to the SF that differs from the desired sensing configuration information. Thus, the SF can identify whether each transmitting base station has performed the desired sensing configuration.

[0341] In step ST1431, the SF sends sensing configuration information for each transmitting base station to each receiving UE. This can be included in a sensing configuration request. The sensing configuration request can appropriately apply the sensing configuration request from step ST1321. In step ST1433, the receiving UE performs sensing configuration for multiple base stations. This sensing configuration can appropriately apply the sensing configuration from step ST1323. In step ST1435, the receiving UE sends a sensing configuration response to the SF. This sensing configuration response can appropriately apply the sensing configuration response from step ST1325. The processing of steps ST1382, ST1351, ST1361, and ST1384 ​​is related to... Figure 13 same.

[0342] This enables sensing configurations that allow collaboration among multiple transmitting base stations. For example, by configuring sensing resources from each transmitting base station to operate simultaneously or within a specified time period, or to ensure that each transmitting base station operates within a specified frequency range, or to prevent interference between the sensing resources from each transmitting base station, the accuracy of sensing processing can be improved.

[0343] Other methods for collaborative sensing configuration among transmitting base stations are disclosed. One transmitting base station is selected from multiple transmitting base stations. This transmitting base station is sometimes referred to as the representative transmitting base station. The representative transmitting base station can be determined by the CN node. For example, it can also be determined by the SF. The representative transmitting base station can be any one or more serving base stations for receiving UEs. Sensing configuration is performed by the representative transmitting base station. The SF sends a sensing configuration request to the representative transmitting base station. The representative transmitting base station determines the sensing configuration information based on the sensing configuration request. The representative transmitting base station sends the sensing configuration information to the SF.

[0344] The SF determines the desired sensing configuration information. Using the sensing configuration information obtained from the representative transmitting base station, the SF determines the desired sensing configuration information for each transmitting base station. The SF sends the desired sensing configuration information to each transmitting base station. The sensing configuration information determined by the representative transmitting base station can be used as the desired sensing configuration information for the representative transmitting base station. In this case, the SF can send the desired sensing configuration information to each transmitting base station other than the representative transmitting base station. The desired sensing configuration information can be included in the sensing configuration request. Then, the method for collaborative sensing configuration among transmitting base stations disclosed above can be appropriately applied.

[0345] Therefore, desired sensing settings can be derived based on sensing settings determined by a transmitting base station. For example, a transmitting base station closer to the target can be designated as the representative transmitting base station. Prioritizing sensing settings suitable for transmitting base stations closer to the target can further improve sensing accuracy. Similarly, a serving base station of a receiving UE closer to the target can be designated as the representative transmitting base station. Prioritizing sensing settings suitable for receiving UEs closer to the target can further improve sensing accuracy.

[0346] Other sensing processing methods are disclosed. Sensing configuration requests can be sent between base stations. Sensing configuration information can also be sent between base stations.

[0347] The SF sends a sensing configuration request to the representative transmitting base station. The representative transmitting base station performs sensing configuration. The sensing configuration request may include information related to the transmitting base station. The representative transmitting base station sends sensing configuration requests to other transmitting base stations. Other transmitting base stations can be neighboring base stations of the representative transmitting base station. There can be one or more neighboring base stations. The neighboring base stations can be determined by the representative transmitting base station or by the SF. The representative transmitting base station may perform interface establishment processing with other transmitting base stations. Other transmitting base stations that receive the sensing configuration request perform sensing configuration. Other transmitting base stations send sensing configuration information to the representative transmitting base station. The representative transmitting base station summarizes its own sensing configuration and sensing configurations from one or more other transmitting base stations. The representative transmitting base station sends its own sensing configuration and sensing configuration information from one or more other transmitting base stations to the SF. The SF sends the sensing configuration information of the representative transmitting base station and other transmitting base stations to the receiving UE.

[0348] SF can use sensing configuration information obtained from representative transmitting base stations and other transmitting base stations to determine sensing configuration. The methods disclosed above can be appropriately applied.

[0349] The sensing settings can also be determined by a representative transmitting base station. The representative transmitting base station can use sensing setting information obtained from its own base station and other transmitting base stations to determine the sensing settings. The method disclosed above, in which the SF determines the sensing settings, can be appropriately applied. A representative transmitting base station can be used instead of the SF. The representative transmitting base station sends the determined sensing setting information of its own base station and other transmitting base stations to the SF. The SF sends the sensing setting information of the representative transmitting base station and other transmitting base stations to the receiving UE.

[0350] The desired sensing settings can also be determined by a representative transmitting base station. The representative transmitting base station can send the desired sensing settings information to other transmitting base stations. The desired sensing settings can be set for each transmitting base station, or the same settings can be used across multiple transmitting base stations. For example, the settings can be flexibly configured based on the combination of the transmitting base station and the receiving UE.

[0351] The desired sensing configuration information may be included in the sensing configuration request. Other transmitting base stations use the desired sensing configuration information received from the representative transmitting base station for sensing configuration. All or part of the desired sensing configuration information may be used as the sensing configuration. Alternatively, the desired sensing configuration information may not be included in the sensing configuration. Other transmitting base stations send the sensing configuration information to the representative transmitting base station. Information indicating whether the sensing configuration information is the same as the desired sensing configuration information may be included during transmission. The representative transmitting base station can identify the similarity with the desired sensing information earlier. The representative transmitting base station sends a sensing configuration response to the SF. The sensing configuration information of this base station and other transmitting base stations may be included in this sensing configuration response.

[0352] By adopting the above method, the amount of signaling between SF and multiple sending nodes can be reduced.

[0353] The sensing configuration request sent from the SF to the representative transmitting base station may include information related to the sensing associated base station. This sensing configuration request may include information requesting the determination of the transmitting base station. The representative transmitting base station can use the received information related to the sensing associated base station to determine the transmitting base station. For example, the representative transmitting base station may determine neighboring base stations that are sensing associated base stations as transmitting base stations. The representative transmitting base station sends sensing configuration requests to each determined transmitting base station. This allows for flexible determination of the transmitting base station.

[0354] The representative transmitting base station can send sensing configuration information of its own base station and other transmitting base stations to the receiving UE. The representative transmitting base station can send sensing configuration information to the receiving UE without going through the SF (Signal Provider Interface). This allows for earlier transmission of sensing configuration information to the receiving UE. Furthermore, it reduces the signaling traffic between the SF and the representative transmitting base station, as well as between the SF and the receiving UE.

[0355] The method disclosed above can be appropriately applied to the cooperation method among nodes involved in sensing processing using multiple base stations. In the above cooperation method, SF can be replaced by a representative transmitting base station. For example, the representative transmitting base station can determine the desired sensing configuration information of each surrounding base station. The representative transmitting base station can send the desired sensing configuration information to each surrounding base station. Thus, even when sensing configuration requests are made between base stations, cooperative sensing can be achieved among the nodes involved in sensing processing.

[0356] Multiple representative transmitting base stations can be set up. Each representative transmitting base station can send sensing configuration information to one or more receiving UEs. For example, this is applicable when there are multiple serving base stations for the receiving UE. It allows for flexible selection of the receiving UE and improves sensing accuracy.

[0357] Figure 15 This is a diagram illustrating an example sequence of sensing processes using a method of sending sensing setup requests between multiple base stations. (For...) Figure 13 , Figure 14 Common steps are labeled with the same step number, and common descriptions are omitted. Figure 15 The example illustrates a method for sending sensing setup requests between base stations. Figure 15 In the example, the representative transmitting base station is base station #1. For example, the representative transmitting base station is determined by the SF. The SF can determine the representative transmitting base station from multiple transmitting base stations. Hereinafter, transmitting base stations other than the representative transmitting base station are sometimes referred to as other transmitting base stations. Figure 15In the example, a method of cooperation among multiple transmitting base stations is employed, with a representative transmitting base station determining the desired sensing settings. The processing of steps ST1380 and ST1309 is similar to... Figure 13 , Figure 14 Common.

[0358] In step ST1521, the SF sends a sensing configuration request to the representative transmitting base station. This request may include, for example, information related to the receiving UE, information related to the transmitting base station, sensing-related information, the performance required for sensing processing in the NW, information related to the sensing-associated base station, information related to the sensing-associated UE, or a combination of the above information. Information related to the receiving UE may, for example, be information identifying the receiving UE. Information related to the transmitting base station may, for example, be information identifying the transmitting base station.

[0359] In step ST1523, base station #1, acting as a representative transmitting base station, performs sensing settings. The sensing settings in the representative transmitting base station can utilize the information contained in the sensing settings request. In step ST1523, the representative transmitting base station can determine desired sensing settings for other transmitting base stations. The representative transmitting base station can use its own sensing settings to determine desired sensing settings for other transmitting base stations.

[0360] In step ST1525, the representative transmitting base station sends a sensing configuration request to other transmitting base stations. This sensing configuration request may include desired sensing configuration information. In step ST1527, the other transmitting base stations perform sensing configuration. The received desired sensing configuration information can be used in this configuration. This enables collaborative sensing configuration among multiple transmitting base stations. In step ST1529, the other transmitting base stations send a sensing configuration response to the representative transmitting base station. The sensing configuration response may include information on whether to use the desired sensing configuration information as the sensing configuration. The sensing configuration response may also include sensing configuration information. This allows the representative transmitting base station to identify whether other transmitting base stations have performed the desired sensing configuration.

[0361] In step ST1531, the transmitting base station sends sensing configuration information of itself and other transmitting base stations to the SF. The sensing configuration information of each transmitting base station can be sent in association with the base station's identifier. This sensing configuration information can be included in the sensing configuration response. The SF can identify the sensing configuration information of each transmitting base station.

[0362] If other transmitting base stations fail to respond to the sensing setup request from the representative transmitting base station, a sensing setup request rejection can be sent in step ST1531 instead of a sensing setup response. Alternatively, the sensing setup request rejection can be included in the sensing setup response. The representative transmitting base station can send the sensing setup request rejection, along with information related to the transmitting base station that made the rejection, to the SF. This can be included in the sensing setup response, for example. The SF can identify the transmitting base station that made the sensing setup request rejection. The methods disclosed above can be appropriately applied to the processing of the transmitting base station that made the sensing setup request rejection. Thus, for example, a transmitting base station more suitable for sensing processing can be determined. The subsequent steps ST1431, ST1433, and ST1435 are processed in accordance with... Figure 14 Common.

[0363] Therefore, sensing settings that allow cooperation among multiple transmitting base stations can be configured on behalf of the transmitting base station. This improves the accuracy of sensing processing. Furthermore, by reducing the signaling load between the SF (Power Signal) and the transmitting base stations, the signaling load on the system can be reduced.

[0364] In step ST1551, the SF sends a sensing request to the representative transmitting base station. The sensing request may include, for example, information related to the transmitting base station making the sensing request. The sensing request may include, for example, sensing setting information, such as an identifier for a sensing setting, an identifier for a sensing resource setting, an identifier for a sensing measurement setting, an identifier for a sensing measurement report setting, and an identifier for the setting for which sensing is requested. It may also include activation / deactivation information for each setting. This information may be included in association with relevant information of the transmitting base station. Upon receiving the sensing request, the representative transmitting base station, in step ST1555, transmits sensing resources according to the sensing settings requested by this base station.

[0365] In step ST1553, the transmitting base station sends a sensing request to other transmitting base stations. These other transmitting base stations may be, for example, the transmitting base station that sent the sensing configuration request in step ST1525. Other transmitting base stations may also be those included in the information received in step ST1551 related to the transmitting base station making the sensing request. The sensing request may include, for example, sensing configuration information, such as an identifier for sensing configuration, an identifier for sensing resource configuration, an identifier for sensing measurement configuration, and an identifier for sensing measurement report configuration. It may include an identifier for the configuration requiring sensing. It may also include activation / deactivation information for each configuration. In steps ST1557 and ST1559, the transmitting base station receiving the sensing request sends sensing resources according to the sensing configuration requested by this base station.

[0366] In step ST1561, other transmitting base stations send a sensing request response to the representative transmitting base station. The sensing request response may include, for example, an identifier of the performed sensing settings and an identifier of the sensing resource settings. In step ST1563, the representative transmitting base station sends a sensing request response to the SF. The sensing request response may include, for example, information related to this base station, information related to the transmitting base station that received the sensing request response, an identifier of the sensing settings performed by this base station or other transmitting base stations, and an identifier of the sensing resource settings. The SF can identify that each transmitting base station has performed sensing processing. The subsequent steps ST1341, ST1343, ST1345, ST1347, ST1351, ST1361, and ST1384 ​​are processed similarly to... Figure 13 Common.

[0367] Therefore, sensing processing using multiple transmitting base stations can be performed.

[0368] Figure 16 This is a diagram illustrating an example sequence of sensing processes using a method representing a transmitting base station sending a sensing configuration request to a receiving UE. (For...) Figure 13 , Figure 15 Common steps are labeled with the same step number, and common descriptions are omitted. Figure 16 The example illustrates a method for sending sensing setup requests between base stations. Figure 16 In the example, the transmitting base station is represented as base station #1. Figure 16 In the example, a method of cooperation among multiple transmitting base stations is employed, with a representative transmitting base station determining the desired sensing settings. The processing of steps ST1380, ST1309, ST1521, ST1523, ST1525, ST1527, and ST1529 is... Figure 15 Common.

[0369] In step ST1641, the representative transmitting base station sends sensing configuration information of itself and other transmitting base stations to each receiving UE. The sensing configuration information can be the sensing configuration information of all transmitting base stations. Alternatively, the sensing configuration information can be the sensing configuration information of the transmitting base stations received by each receiving UE. These can be determined based on the combination of the transmitting base station and the receiving UE. This combination can be performed by the SF. The representative transmitting base station can send information related to each transmitting base station to each receiving UE. The information related to each transmitting base station can be sent in association with the sensing configuration information of that transmitting base station. Alternatively, this information can be included in the sensing configuration request. In step ST1643, the receiving UE performs sensing configuration for multiple base stations. In step ST1645, the receiving UE sends a sensing configuration response to the representative transmitting base station. This sensing configuration response can appropriately apply the sensing configuration response of step ST1325. The sensing configuration response may include information related to the UE itself, information related to the transmitting base stations for which sensing configuration has been performed, etc. The representative transmitting base station can identify which transmitting base station the receiving UE has performed sensing configuration for. In step ST1647, the representative transmitting base station sends a sensing configuration response to the SF. The sensing setup response may include information about the receiving UE that has performed sensing setup, information about the transmitting base station that has performed sensing setup, etc. SF can identify whether the receiving UE has performed sensing setup. Subsequent steps ST1551, ST1553, ST1555, ST1557, ST1559, and ST1561 are processed and... Figure 15 Common.

[0370] In step ST1651, the representative transmitting base station sends a sensing request to one or more receiving UEs. The sensing request may include, for example, an identifier for a sensing setting, an identifier for a sensing resource setting, an identifier for a sensing measurement setting, and an identifier for a sensing measurement report setting. The sensing request may include a request to start receiving sensing resources. Furthermore, the sensing request may include an identifier for the setting for which sensing is requested. The sensing request may include activation / deactivation information for each setting. Upon receiving the sensing request, the receiving UE performs sensing measurement according to the sensing setting for which sensing was requested in step ST1653. In step ST1655, each receiving UE sends a sensing request response to the representative transmitting base station. The sensing request response may include, for example, information about the transmitting base station that performed the sensing measurement. The sensing request response may include, for example, an identifier for the executed sensing setting, an identifier for a sensing resource setting, an identifier for a sensing measurement setting, and an identifier for a sensing measurement report setting. The information about the transmitting base station that performed the sensing measurement can be associated with the above information. The representative transmitting base station can recognize that each receiving UE has performed sensing processing. In step ST1657, the representative transmitting base station sends a sensing request response to the SF. The sensing request response may include information such as the receiving UE that made the sensing request, the transmitting base station that made the sensing request, the identifier of the sensing settings that made the sensing request, the identifier of the sensing resource settings, the identifier of the sensing measurement settings, and the identifier of the sensing measurement report settings. SF can identify whether the receiving UE has made sensing settings.

[0371] In step ST1659, the receiving UE sends the sensing measurement results to the SF. Each receiving UE can report the sensing measurement results by performing sensing settings as required. The sensing measurement results may include the identifier of the measured sensing resource settings and relevant information of the measured transmitting base station. The sensing measurement results may include measurement time information. The SF can identify which base station and which sensing resource the receiving UE received the measurement for. The subsequent steps ST1351, ST1361, and ST1384 ​​are processed in accordance with... Figure 13 and Figure 15 Common.

[0372] Therefore, sensing processing using multiple transmitting base stations can be performed. Sensing configuration information and sensing requests are sent to the receiving UE from the representative transmitting base station, eliminating the need for transmission via the SF to the receiving UE. This reduces signaling volume, further alleviating the signaling load on the system.

[0373] By employing the method disclosed in this embodiment, sensing resources can be transmitted by multiple transmitting base stations, and received and measured by one or more receiving UEs. By transmitting sensing resources from multiple transmitting base stations, sensing can be performed using transmitted radio waves from multiple directions. This improves the accuracy of target sensing.

[0374] Implementation method 2.

[0375] When sensing is requested, the receiving UE is sometimes not in the RRC_CONNECTED state. For example, it may be in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. RRC_CONNECTED indicates that the UE is in an RRC (Radio Resource Control) connection state, while RRC_INACTIVE and RRC_IDLE indicate that the UE is not in an RRC connection state. When the receiving UE is not in the RRC_CONNECTED state, it cannot receive sensing resources, and sensing processing may be interrupted. For example, in autonomous driving or health monitoring of cars or drones, interruption of sensing processing may lead to serious accidents.

[0376] This embodiment discloses a method for solving this problem.

[0377] The receiving UE supports sensing in the RRC_IDLE and RRC_INACTIVE states. The receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state performs sensing measurements. The receiving UE then sends the sensing measurement results to the NW node.

[0378] The sensing configuration information for the receiving UE can be sent when the receiving UE is in the RRC_CONNECTED state. The sensing configuration information and the method for sending the sensing configuration information can be appropriately applied using the method disclosed in Implementation 1.

[0379] The sensing settings used in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE states can be the same as those used in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Sensing settings set when the receiving UE is in the RRC_CONNECTED state can still be used even when the receiving UE changes to the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. Regardless of the receiving UE's state, the transmitting base station can use these sensing settings for sensing processing, simplifying the process.

[0380] The sensing settings used in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE states can differ from those used in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Sensing settings suitable for the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE states can be configured. For example, extending the period of sensing resources can suppress the power consumption of the receiving UE. Sensing setting information used in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE states can be sent when the receiving UE is in the RRC_CONNECTED state. It can also be sent to the receiving UE along with the sensing settings used in the RRC_CONNECTED state. This reduces signaling load compared to sending them separately.

[0381] The sensing settings used for sensing processing in RRC_IDLE state can be the same as or different from those used in RRC_INACTIVE state. Sensing settings can be adjusted according to the receiving UE's state, allowing for flexible sensing processing.

[0382] The sensing settings can be sensing resource settings, sensing measurement settings, or sensing measurement result reporting settings. Alternatively, the sensing settings can be a combination of these. Sensing settings can be configured based on the receiving UE's status, allowing for flexible sensing processing.

[0383] In the sensing settings, the transmission timing of sensing resources can be matched with the paging transmission timing. The transmission timing of sensing resources can be set within a specified period of the paging transmission timing. The paging transmission timing can be the transmission timing of the paging event, the transmission timing of the paging PDCCH, or the transmission timing of the paging PDSCH. Therefore, the receiving UE in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE mode can use paging to receive sensing resources and perform measurements. This reduces the power consumption of the receiving UE.

[0384] The SF can send part or all of the sensing configuration information to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station can send part or all of the sensing configuration information to the receiving UE. The transmitting base station can broadcast part or all of the sensing configuration information. The SIB for sensing can be configured. Part or all of the sensing configuration information can be included in the SIB. The receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state can receive the sensing SIB broadcast from the transmitting base station and can obtain the sensing configuration information.

[0385] In addition to the sensing configuration information sent from the SF to the receiving UE via a sensing configuration request or sensing request, auxiliary information can also be configured. This auxiliary information is sometimes referred to as sensing auxiliary information. Sensing auxiliary information can be part or all of the sensing configuration information. Sensing auxiliary information can also be sensing information other than the sensing configuration information. The receiving UE can use the sensing auxiliary information for sensing processing, in addition to using the sensing configuration information sent via a sensing configuration request or sensing request. Information sent from the SF to the receiving UE via the transmitting base station according to the method disclosed above can also be sensing auxiliary information. Receiving UEs in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state can receive sensing SIBs broadcast from the transmitting base station and can obtain sensing auxiliary information.

[0386] The receiving UE stores sensing configuration information. This stored sensing configuration information can be from the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, or from the RRC_CONNECTED state. This sensing configuration information is retained even when the receiving UE enters the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. The receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state uses the sensing configuration information from that state. Sensing assistance information can also be used.

[0387] The receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state stores the sensing measurement results. The receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state retains the sensing measurement results. When the receiving UE transitions to the RRC_CONNECTED state, it sends the acquired sensing measurement results to the SF.

[0388] A receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state can store and maintain other information. For example, a receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state can store and maintain sensing measurement time information, location information, information about the base station transmitting the measured sensing resources, information about the DU, information about the TRP, information about the cell, information about the RNA (Ran Notification Area), sensing setting identifiers, sensing resource setting identifiers, and combinations thereof. This information can be stored or maintained together with the sensing measurement results, or it can be stored or maintained within the sensing measurement results.

[0389] When the storage capacity of the receiving UE is exceeded, information can be deleted in ascending order to store or retain new information. The amount of information stored or retained by the receiving UE can be set. The amount of information may include the number of sensing measurements, the number of sensing resources to be measured, and the amount of information in the sensing measurement results. This allows the latest sensing measurement results to be retained.

[0390] The receiving UE can set the maximum amount of information it can store or retain. The receiving UE can transmit this maximum amount of information to an NW node. The NW node can be, for example, a transmitting base station or a SF. This maximum amount of information can be included in the transmission capability. The sensing settings can include the amount of information stored or retained by the receiving UE. The SF or transmitting base station can send the stored or retained information to the receiving UE. This amount of information can be included in the transmission settings. The SF or transmitting base station can use the maximum amount of information to derive the amount of information stored or retained by the receiving UE. This can be set to below the maximum amount of information. Therefore, the receiving UE can store or retain sensing measurement results within the possible range.

[0391] The receiving UE uses sensing settings to send sensing measurement results in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state to the NW node. These sensing settings can be sensing measurement result reporting settings. For example, if the settings are configured to periodically report sensing measurement results, the receiving UE sends the sensing measurement results to the NW node according to that period. As another example, if a condition for reporting sensing measurement results is set (triggering scenario), the receiving UE sends the sensing measurement results to the NW node when the condition is met. The receiving UE transitions to the RRC_CONNECTED state before the timing of the sensing measurement result transmission. The receiving UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state sends the sensing measurement results in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state to the NW node.

[0392] Therefore, the receiving UE can send the sensing measurement results in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state to the NW node. The transmitting base station or SF can use sensing settings to enable the receiving UE to send the sensing measurement results in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state.

[0393] NW nodes can send sensing measurement result requests to receiving UEs. NW nodes can be, for example, gateways, NEFs, SFs, NWDAFs, AMFs, SMFs, UPFs, RANs, etc. The UE receiving the sensing measurement result request sends the sensing measurement results to the NW node. NW nodes that need the sensing measurement results can obtain them. The source NW node for the sensing measurement result request and the target NW node for sending the sensing measurement results can be different. This allows for more flexible sensing processing.

[0394] NW nodes can send sensing measurement result requests to receiving UEs in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. NW nodes can be, for example, gateways, NEFs, SFs, NWDAFs, AMFs, SMFs, UPFs, RANs, etc. Upon receiving the sensing measurement result request, the UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state sends its sensing measurement results to the NW node. The NW node can then obtain the sensing measurement results in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state.

[0395] Based on the sensing measurement result request from the receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, an RRC connection establishment process can be performed between the receiving UE and the base station. After the RRC connection establishment process is completed, the receiving UE can send the sensing measurement result.

[0396] For example, the SF sends a sensing measurement result request to the receiving UE. The sensing measurement result request may contain information related to the target receiving UE. The sensing measurement result request can be sent, for example, through the interface between the SF and the UE. Based on the sensing measurement result request, an RRC connection establishment process is performed between the base station and the receiving UE. After the RRC connection establishment process, the receiving UE sends the sensing measurement result to the SF.

[0397] For example, the SF sends a sensing result request to the AMF. The sensing result request can be sent, for example, via the interface between the SF and the AMF. Based on the sensing result request, the AMF sends a sensing result request to the receiving UE. The sensing result request can be sent, for example, via a NAS message. Based on the sensing result request, an RRC connection establishment process is performed between the base station and the receiving UE. After the RRC connection establishment process, the receiving UE sends the sensing result to the SF via the AMF.

[0398] For example, the SF sends a sensing measurement result request to the RAN. This request can be sent via the interface between the SF and the RAN. Based on the sensing measurement result request, the base station sends a sensing measurement result request to the receiving UE. This request can be sent using, for example, RRC signaling, MAC signaling, L1 / L2 signaling, SIB, etc. Based on the sensing measurement result request, an RRC connection establishment process is performed between the base station and the receiving UE. After the RRC connection establishment process, the receiving UE sends the sensing measurement result to the SF via the RAN.

[0399] Paging can be used to send a request for sensing measurement results. For example, paging can be used from a base station to a receiving UE. For example, paging can be used from an AMF to a base station. Paging for sensing can be configured. For example, a paging request for sensing measurement results can be configured for sensing. The configuration of the paging request for sensing measurement results can be included in the SIB and broadcast. Alternatively, the configuration of the paging request for sensing measurement results can be notified when the receiving UE is in the RRC_CONNECTED state. It can also be sent to the UE separately. The configuration of the sensing paging can be the same as or different from the configuration of the communication paging. For example, the timing of the sensing paging can be set separately from the timing of the communication paging sent from the base station to the receiving UE. For example, the RNTI used for the sensing paging can be set separately from the RNTI used for the communication paging sent from the base station to the receiving UE. For example, the PDSCH used for the sensing paging can be set separately from the PDSCH used for the communication paging sent from the base station to the receiving UE. The PDSCH can contain information indicating whether it is used for sensing or communication. Therefore, the receiving UE can identify the paging as a sensing paging. The receiving UE is able to receive sensing paging. By using sensing paging, the processing can be different from that of communication paging, thus reducing malfunctions in sensing processing.

[0400] The transmission of a sensing measurement result request can be done using a communication paging system. Information indicating that the request is for sensing can be included in the communication paging. This information can also be included in the PDSCH used in the communication paging. For example, it can include information indicating a sensing measurement result request. By using communication paging for sensing, the complexity of sensing processing can be avoided.

[0401] The receiving UE can transmit sensing measurement results in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state via RA (Random Access) processing. For example, the sensing measurement results can be included in Msg1 or Msg3. The receiving UE can also include the sensing measurement results in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state in the RRC establishment completion message for transmission. Therefore, transmission can be performed earlier than transmitting the sensing measurement results in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state after the RRC connection is completed.

[0402] The above discloses a method for receiving a UE to send sensing measurement results after transitioning to the RRC_CONNECTED state. Other methods are disclosed. After sending sensing measurement results in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, the receiving UE may not transition to the RRC_CONNECTED state but instead return to the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. For example, after the receiving UE includes the sensing measurement results in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state in the RA processing or RRC establishment completion message, it may return to the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. If the receiving UE cannot send all sensing measurement results in the RRC establishment completion message, it may include them in other RRC messages. Other RRC messages may be, for example, ULInformationTransfer messages. After sending all sensing measurement results, the receiving UE may return to the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state.

[0403] The system can be configured to indicate whether the transmission of sensing measurement results has ended. This information can be sent along with the sensing measurement results or included within them. It can be included in Msg1, Msg3, RRC establishment completion messages, or other RRC messages during RA processing. When the receiving UE has transmitted all sensing measurement results, it will include the information indicating the end of the sensing measurement process in the transmission message. When the receiving UE has not transmitted all sensing measurement results, it will include the information indicating that the sensing measurement process will continue in the transmission message. Therefore, the NW node receiving the sensing measurement results can identify whether the transmission of sensing measurement results from the receiving UE has ended.

[0404] When a receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE state uses RA processing to transmit sensing results, the base station can include an RRC release in Msg2 or Msg4 for transmission. Upon receiving the RRC release, the receiving UE can return to the RRC_IDLE state. When a receiving UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state uses RA processing to transmit sensing results, the base station can include an RRC release accompanied by a suspension indication in Msg2 or Msg4 for transmission. Upon receiving the RRC release accompanied by a suspension indication, the receiving UE can return to the RRC_INACTIVE state. Therefore, after transmitting sensing results, the receiving UE does not transition to the RRC_CONNECTED state, but can return to the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state.

[0405] In transmitting sensing measurement results in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE states, EDT (Early Data Transmission) processing for communication can be appropriately applied (see Non-Patent Document 1). In transmitting sensing measurement results in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE states, SDT (Small Data Transmission) processing for communication can be appropriately applied (see Non-Patent Document 2).

[0406] In transmitting sensing measurement results in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE states, the CP CIoT (Cellular Internet of Things) EPC / 5GS optimization processing used for communication (see Non-Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 10) can be appropriately applied. Through this processing, the sensing measurement results are transmitted from the receiving UE to the base station, from the base station to the AMF, from the AMF to the SMF, from the SMF to the UPF, and from the UPF to the SF. This is effective when using the UPF in transmitting sensing measurement results. Sensing measurement results can also be transmitted from the SMF to the SF. Sensing measurement results can also be transmitted from the AMF to the SF. This is effective when using CP in transmitting sensing measurement results. In transmitting sensing measurement results in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE states, the UP CIoT EPC / 5GS optimization processing used for communication (see Non-Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 10) can be appropriately applied. This is effective for the receiving UE in a suspended state.

[0407] Beam management for sensing can be performed outside of the UE being in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state.

[0408] Figure 17 This is a diagram illustrating an example sequence of sensing processing for a receiving UE using the RRC_IDLE state.

[0409] In step ST1701, the UE sends information related to sensing capabilities to the SF. This information can be included in the sensing capability information (capability information). Figure 17In the example, information about sensing capabilities is included in the sensing capability information and transmitted. This information can be the presence or absence of functions related to sensing processing. For example, it could be the presence or absence of sensing capabilities in the RRC_IDLE state, the RRC_INACTIVE state, or the RRC_CONNECTED state. This information could, for example, include the presence or absence of the ability to send sensing measurement results via RA processing, or the ability to send sensing measurement results via an RRC completion message. This information could also include the presence or absence of the ability to receive paging for sensing. This information could, for example, include the presence or absence of the ability to send sensing measurement results without transitioning to the RRC_CONNECTED state. This information could also include whether EDT processing, SDT processing, CP CIoT EPC / 5GS optimization processing, or UP CP CIoT EPC / 5GS optimization processing can be applied during sensing. The SF can identify which UEs possess which sensing processing functions. For example, the SF can use the UE's sensing capability information to select receiving UEs.

[0410] The UE can send information about sensing functions to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station can identify which UEs possess which sensing processing functions. The transmitting base station can send the UE's information about sensing functions to the SF. The transmitting base station can also send information about sensing functions to the SF via the AMF.

[0411] The NW node can request information about sensing capabilities from the UE. The UE can respond to this request by sending information about sensing capabilities back to the NW node. The NW node can be, for example, an SF (Sensing Provider), an AMF (Audio-Functional Provider), or a base station.

[0412] In step ST1703, the base station sends information about sensing capabilities to the SF. This information may be included in the sensing capability information. Figure 17In the example, information about sensing capabilities is included in the sensing capability information and transmitted. This information could be, for example, whether sensing capabilities exist in the RRC_IDLE, RRC_INACTIVE, or RRC_CONNECTED states. This information could include, for example, the ability to receive sensing measurement results via RA processing, or the ability to receive sensing measurement results via RRC completion message. It could also include, for example, the ability to send sensing paging messages. This information could also include, for example, the ability to receive sensing measurement results without transitioning to the RRC_CONNECTED state. This information could also include whether EDT processing, SDT processing, CP CIoT EPC / 5GS optimized processing, or UPCP CIoT EPC / 5GS optimized processing can be applied during sensing. SF can identify which base station possesses which sensing processing capabilities. For example, SF can use the base station's information about sensing capabilities to select the transmitting base station.

[0413] The transmitting base station can send information about sensing capabilities to the AMF. The AMF can identify which base station possesses which sensing processing capabilities. In this case, the AMF can send information about the UE's sensing capabilities to the SF.

[0414] NW nodes can request information about sensing capabilities from the base station. The base station can respond to this request by sending information about sensing capabilities to the NW node. The NW node can be, for example, an SF (Sensitive Field Node) or an AMF (Active Field Node).

[0415] In step ST1705, the SF requests sensing settings from the transmitting base station. The sensing settings request may appropriately employ the sensing settings request disclosed in Embodiment 1. The sensing settings request may include information indicating a sensing settings request for the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. It may also include information indicating a sensing settings request for the RRC_CONNECTED state. Sensing settings corresponding to the state of the receiving UE can be performed. In step ST1707, the transmitting base station performs sensing settings. The sensing settings in the transmitting base station may use the information included in the sensing settings request. For example, if the sensing settings request includes information indicating a sensing settings request for the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state in addition to information indicating a sensing settings request for the RRC_CONNECTED state, the transmitting base station performs sensing settings for the receiving UE's RRC_CONNECTED state and for the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. In step ST1709, the transmitting base station sends a sensing settings response to the SF. The sensing settings response disclosed in Embodiment 1 may appropriately employ. The transmitting base station sends sensing settings information to the SF. Therefore, SF can obtain the sensing configuration information of the transmitting base station. It can obtain the sensing configuration of the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state.

[0416] In step ST1711, the SF sends a sensing setting request to the receiving UE. The sensing setting request disclosed in Embodiment 1 can be appropriately applied. The SF sends sensing setting information of the transmitting base station to the receiving UE. The sensing setting request may include information indicating a sensing setting request in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. It may also include information indicating a sensing setting request in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Sensing settings corresponding to the state of the receiving UE can be performed. Sensing settings corresponding to the state of the receiving UE can be obtained. In step ST1713, the receiving UE performs sensing settings of the transmitting base station. Sensing settings corresponding to the state of the receiving UE can be used. For example, sensing settings in the RRC_CONNECTED state are performed in step ST1713. In step ST1715, the receiving UE sends a sensing setting response to the SF. The sensing setting request disclosed in Embodiment 1 can be appropriately applied. The sensing setting response may include information indicating what state of sensing setting has been received, information indicating whether sensing setting in that state has been performed, etc. The SF can identify what state of sensing setting the receiving UE has received and what state of sensing setting has been performed. The processes of steps ST1701 to ST1715 are collectively referred to as "sensor setting process #1" in step ST1780.

[0417] In step ST1721, the SF sends a sensing request to the transmitting base station. The sensing request disclosed in Embodiment 1 may be appropriately applied. The sensing request may include information indicating a sensing request in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. It may also include information indicating a sensing request in the RRC_CONNECTED state. A sensing request corresponding to the state of the receiving UE may be made. For example, in addition to the RRC_CONNECTED state, the SF may also include information indicating both the RRC_IDLE and RRC_INACTIVE states. Even if the receiving UE transitions from the RRC_CONNECTED state to the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, the transmitting base station still performs sensing processing. Upon receiving the sensing request, in step ST1723, the transmitting base station sends sensing resources according to the sensing settings corresponding to the state of the receiving UE for which sensing is requested. In step ST1725, the transmitting base station sends a sensing request response to the SF. The sensing request response disclosed in Embodiment 1 may be appropriately applied. The sensing request response may include information such as the state of the receiving UE that the sensing request has been accepted, and information indicating the state of sensing settings to be performed. SF can identify that the transmitting base station has performed sensing processing.

[0418] In step ST1731, the SF sends a sensing request to the receiving UE. The sensing request disclosed in Embodiment 1 may be appropriately applied. The sensing request may include information indicating a sensing request state of RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE. It may also include information indicating a sensing request state of RRC_CONNECTED. A sensing request corresponding to the state of the receiving UE may be made. For example, in addition to the RRC_CONNECTED state, the SF may also include information indicating sensing requests for both RRC_IDLE and RRC_INACTIVE states. Sensing processing continues even if the receiving UE transitions from the RRC_CONNECTED state to the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. Upon receiving the sensing request, the receiving UE performs sensing measurements in step ST1733 according to the sensing settings corresponding to the state of the receiving UE requesting the sensing. In step ST1735, the receiving UE sends a sensing request response to the SF. The sensing request response disclosed in Embodiment 1 may be appropriately applied. The sensing request response may include information such as the state of the receiving UE that has been accepted, and information indicating the sensing settings to be used for the sensing measurement. SF can identify that the receiving UE has performed sensing processing.

[0419] In step ST1737, the receiving UE sends the sensing measurement results to the SF. The sensing measurement result transmission method disclosed in Embodiment 1 can be appropriately applied. The receiving UE can report the sensing measurement results according to the sensing settings corresponding to the state of the receiving UE requesting the sensing. The sensing measurement results may include information indicating the sensing settings under what state. The sensing measurement results may include information related to the state of the receiving UE. The SF can identify the state under which the receiving UE performed the sensing measurement and obtained the results. In step ST1741, the SF derives the sensing results using the measurement results of sensing resources received from the transmitting base station from the receiving UE. The processes from steps ST1721 to ST1741 are collectively referred to as "Sensing Measurement Process #2" in step ST1782.

[0420] In step ST1751, the transmitting base station sends an RRC release message to the receiving UE. In step ST1755, the receiving UE performs RRC release processing and transitions to the RRC_IDLE state. In step ST1753, the transmitting base station performs sensing processing using the sensing settings in the RRC_IDLE state. For example, it transmits the sensing resources set by the receiving UE through the sensing settings in the RRC_IDLE state. In step ST1757, the receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE state performs sensing settings for the RRC_IDLE state. In step ST1759, the receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE state performs sensing measurements using the sensing settings for the RRC_IDLE state. Thus, the receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE state can perform sensing measurements.

[0421] As another example, the case where the receiving UE is set to the RRC_INACTIVE state is disclosed. In step ST1751, the transmitting base station sends an RRC release message with a suspension indication to the receiving UE. In step ST1755, the receiving UE transitions to the RRC_INACTIVE state. In step ST1753, the transmitting base station performs sensing processing using the sensing settings in the RRC_INACTIVE state. For example, it transmits the sensing resources set by the receiving UE through the sensing settings in the RRC_INACTIVE state. In step ST1757, the receiving UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state performs the sensing settings in the RRC_INACTIVE state. In step ST1759, the receiving UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state performs sensing measurement using the sensing settings in the RRC_INACTIVE state. Thus, the receiving UE in the RRC_INACTIVE state can perform sensing measurement.

[0422] In step ST1761, the receiving UE performs buffering processing to store the sensing measurement results.

[0423] In step ST1771, the receiving UE performs RA processing and RRC connection establishment processing in advance according to the reporting timing of the sensing measurement results. The receiving UE transitions to the RRC_CONNECTED state with the base station. In step ST1773, the receiving UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state sends the sensing measurement results to the SF. The method for sending the sensing measurement results can appropriately apply the method disclosed in Embodiment 1. The receiving UE can report the sensing measurement results using sensing settings corresponding to the state of the receiving UE. The sensing measurement results may include information indicating the sensing settings in which state. The sensing measurement results may include information related to the state of the receiving UE. The SF can identify the state in which the receiving UE performed the sensing measurement to obtain the results. In step ST1775, the SF derives the sensing results using the sensing measurement results of the receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE state.

[0424] The transmission of the sensing measurement results in step ST1773 can also be performed via the transmitting base station. The receiving UE sends the sensing measurement results to the transmitting base station. The transmitting base station can then send the received sensing measurement results to the SF. The transmitting base station can recognize that the receiving UE has sent the sensing measurement results.

[0425] In step ST1777, the transmitting base station determines whether to continue the RRC connection with the receiving UE or release the RRC connection. For example, if communication occurs between the base station and the receiving UE, the RRC connection continues. If no communication occurs, the RRC connection is released. If the RRC connection is released, the processing starting from step ST1751 is performed. The receiving UE is then transferred back to the RRC_IDLE state, and sensing processing in the RRC_IDLE state is executed.

[0426] After deciding to release the RRC connection to the receiving UE, the base station can determine the sensing configuration information for the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. This sensing configuration information can be included in the RRC release message. The base station can send this sensing configuration information to the receiving UE in the RRC release message. The receiving UE can then use this sensing configuration information to perform sensing measurements in either the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. Therefore, sensing configuration can be performed using the state when the receiving UE releases the RRC connection, improving the accuracy of sensing processing.

[0427] Therefore, sensing processing can be performed by the UE in the RRC_IDLE state, and the SF can obtain the sensing measurement results of the UE in the RRC_IDLE state. The SF can use these sensing measurement results to derive sensing results.

[0428] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating an example sequence of the end of sensing processing for a receiving UE using the RRC_IDLE state. (For...) Figure 17 Common steps are labeled with the same step number, and common descriptions are omitted. The processing at the end of sensing is shown. The processing of steps ST1780 to ST1775 is similar to... Figure 17 Common.

[0429] In step ST1811, the SF determines the termination of the requested sensing and sends a sensing termination message to the transmitting base station. The sensing termination message may include, for example, information related to the receiving UE, information related to the transmitting base station, information related to sensing, and information related to sensing settings. The sensing termination message may include, for example, information indicating the state of the receiving UE's sensing settings. The sensing termination message may include, for example, information for determining which sensing request the sensing termination corresponds to. The transmitting base station receiving the sensing termination message terminates the transmission of the sensing resources indicating the sensing termination. For example, in the case of indicating the receiving UE's sensing termination in the RRC_IDLE state, the transmission of sensing resources in the RRC_IDLE state is terminated. In step ST1813, the transmitting base station sends a sensing termination response to the SF. The sensing termination response may include, for example, information related to the terminated sensing settings. The sensing termination response may include, for example, information indicating the state of the receiving UE's sensing settings that were terminated. The sensing termination response may include, for example, information regarding which sensing request the sensing termination was for. The SF can identify which sensing was terminated by the transmitting base station.

[0430] In step ST1815, the SF sends a sensing termination message to the receiving UE. The sensing termination message may include, for example, information related to the transmitting base station, sensing-related information, and sensing settings. The sensing termination message may include, for example, information indicating the state of the receiving UE's sensing settings. The sensing termination message may include, for example, information for determining which sensing request the sensing termination corresponds to. Upon receiving the sensing termination message, the receiving UE terminates the sensing measurement indicating the termination of the sensing settings. For example, if the receiving UE is instructed to terminate sensing in the RRC_IDLE state, the sensing measurement in the RRC_IDLE state is terminated. In step ST1817, the receiving UE sends a sensing termination response to the SF. The sensing termination response may include, for example, information related to the terminated sensing settings. The sensing termination response may include, for example, information indicating which base station's sensing settings were terminated. The sensing termination response may include, for example, information indicating the state of the sensing settings being terminated. The sensing termination response may include, for example, information indicating which sensing request the sensing was terminated. The SF can identify which sensing the receiving UE terminated.

[0431] In step ST1819, the transmitting base station sends an RRC release to the receiving UE. The receiving UE then transitions to the RRC_IDLE state. Since the receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE state has already received the end of sensing, no sensing processing is performed.

[0432] The SF (Sensing Terminate) can send the sensing termination message to the receiving UE while the receiving UE is in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Alternatively, the SF can send the sensing termination message to the receiving UE before sending it to the transmitting base station. The SF can also send the sensing termination message to the transmitting base station after receiving the sensing termination response from the receiving UE. Upon receiving the sensing termination message, the transmitting base station can send an RRC release message to the receiving UE. Therefore, the sensing termination message can be reliably received before the receiving UE transitions to RRC_IDLE.

[0433] Therefore, the sensing process of the receiving UE that has adopted the RRC_IDLE state can be terminated.

[0434] Figure 19 This is a diagram illustrating a sequence example of a method for a receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE state to transmit sensing measurement results without transitioning to the RRC_CONNECTED state. (For...) Figure 17 Common steps are labeled with the same step number, and common descriptions are omitted. The processing of steps ST1780 to ST1761 is similar to... Figure 17 Common.

[0435] In step ST19111, the receiving UE performs RA processing in advance based on the reported timing of the sensing measurement results. In step ST1921, the receiving UE sends the sensing measurement results to the transmitting base station in an RRC Setup Complete message. The information contained in the sensing measurement results can be appropriately applied. Figure 17 The information disclosed herein may also include information indicating that there are still remaining sensing measurement results. In step ST1923, the transmitting base station sends the received sensing measurement results to the AMF. In step ST1925, the AMF sends the received sensing measurement results to the SF. The SF can obtain the sensing measurement results of the receiving UE.

[0436] If the transmission of sensing measurement results in the RRC_IDLE state has not ended, in step ST1931, the receiving UE sends the sensing measurement results to the transmitting base station in an RRC message, such as a ULInformationTransfer message. The sensing measurement results may also include information indicating that there are still remaining sensing measurement results. In step ST1933, the transmitting base station sends the received sensing measurement results to the AMF, and in step ST1935, the AMF sends the received sensing measurement results to the SF. The SF can obtain the sensing measurement results from the receiving UE.

[0437] The receiving UE continues sending the sensing measurement results by including them in an RRC message. When ending the transmission of sensing measurement results, a message indicating that the sensing measurement has ended can be sent. This message can be included in the final sensing measurement result. In step ST1941, the receiving UE sends the message indicating that the sensing measurement has ended in the sensing measurement result. In step ST1943, the transmitting base station sends the received sensing measurement results to the AMF, and in step ST1945, the AMF sends the received sensing measurement results to the SF. The SF can obtain the sensing measurement results from the receiving UE. Furthermore, the SF can identify that the sensing measurement of the receiving UE has ended. The SF can also derive the sensing results based on the received sensing measurement results.

[0438] The receiving UE, having transmitted all sensing measurement results, does not transition to the RRC_CONNECTED state but remains in the RRC_IDLE state in step ST1951. The receiving UE can continue sensing processing in the RRC_IDLE state. Therefore, the receiving UE does not transition to the RRC_CONNECTED state, thus shortening the sensing processing interruption period caused by state transition. Higher precision sensing processing can be performed. The processing in steps ST1753 and ST1775 is similar to... Figure 17 Common.

[0439] Figure 20 This is a diagram illustrating a sequence example of using paging to send a request for sensing measurement results to a receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE state. (For...) Figure 17 Common steps are labeled with the same step number, and common descriptions are omitted. The processing of steps ST1780 to ST1761 is similar to... Figure 17 Common.

[0440] For example, the SF decides to receive the UE's sensing measurement result request to derive the sensing results. In step ST2011, the SF sends the sensing measurement result request to the transmitting base station. The sensing measurement result request may include, for example, information related to the receiving UE, information related to the transmitting base station, information related to sensing, and information related to sensing settings. The sensing measurement result request may include, for example, information indicating the state of the receiving UE's sensing settings. The sensing measurement result request may include, for example, information for determining which sensing request the sensing measurement result corresponds to. In step ST2013, the transmitting base station sends a paging message to the receiving UE requesting the sensing measurement result. A sensing paging message can be used. The sensing paging message settings may be sent to the receiving UE, for example, in step ST1780. The receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE state uses the sensing paging message settings for discontinuous reception. In step ST2013, if the receiving UE receives the sensing paging message, in step ST1771, the receiving UE performs RA processing and RRC connection establishment processing with the transmitting base station and transitions to the RRC_CONNECTED state. In step ST1773, the receiving UE can send the sensing measurement results in the RRC_CONNECTED state. The processing of steps ST1771 to ST1777 is similar to... Figure 17 Common.

[0441] Therefore, the NW node can determine the timing for requesting sensing measurement results. Based on the status and judgment of the NW node, it can promptly obtain the sensing measurement results of receiving UEs in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state.

[0442] The receiving UE is not limited to one; there can be multiple UEs. The method disclosed above can be appropriately applied to multiple receiving UEs. Sensing processing can be performed on multiple receiving UEs in the RRC_IDLE and RRC_INACTIVE states.

[0443] The transmitting base station is not limited to one; there can be multiple base stations. The method disclosed above can be appropriately applied to multiple transmitting base stations. Furthermore, the method disclosed in Embodiment 1 can also be appropriately applied. For example, the sensing setting method for multiple transmitting base stations and the method for cooperation among multiple transmitting base stations can be applied to sensing processing in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE states. Higher precision sensing can be performed.

[0444] A receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state may sometimes move to the coverage area of ​​another base station. The receiving UE can send sensing results to the SF via the mobile target base station (sometimes called the mobile target base station). The receiving UE can send sensing results to the mobile target base station. The mobile target base station then sends the received sensing results to the SF.

[0445] The method for a receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state to send sensing measurement results to a mobile target base station and a SF can appropriately apply the method disclosed above. The sending target, i.e., the transmitting base station, disclosed in the above method can be replaced with the mobile target base station. For example, when a receiving UE moves to the coverage area of ​​the mobile target base station and sends sensing measurement results, RA processing and RRC connection establishment processing are performed with the mobile target base station. The receiving UE then sends the sensing measurement results to the mobile target base station. The mobile target base station can then send the sensing measurement results to the SF. Therefore, even if a receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state moves from the transmitting base station to another base station, it can still send sensing measurement results to the SF.

[0446] A method is disclosed that enables a receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state at a mobile target base station to perform sensing measurements. Multiple transmitting base stations can be configured. For example, the SF (Secure Base Station) configures base stations located within a defined area as transmitting base stations. The defined area may be, for example, an area supporting sensing services as targets. The method using multiple transmitting base stations can appropriately apply the method disclosed in Embodiment 1. For example, multiple transmitting base stations can be configured for sensing, and these multiple sensing settings can be configured for the receiving UE. The SF or the transmitting base station can send information associated with the sensing settings of each transmitting base station to the receiving UE. Information associated with the transmitting base station may include, for example, the identifier of the transmitting base station, such as a PIC (Portable Identifier). The receiving UE can identify the identifier of the transmitting base station and the sensing settings associated with that transmitting base station by receiving the SSB (Secure Base Station) or MIB (Missing Base Station).

[0447] Multiple transmitting base stations can broadcast sensing-related information. This may include information such as whether sensing is supported, information related to the corresponding sensing service, the identifier of the corresponding sensing service, information about whether the user is within the coverage area of ​​the corresponding sensing service, the identifier of the coverage area of ​​the corresponding sensing service, distance-related information to the corresponding sensing target, information related to the corresponding sensing target, and combinations of the above. This information can be included in the MIB or SIB. An SIB containing this information can be configured. It can also be included in the SIB used for sensing.

[0448] A receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state receives SSB, MIB, and SIB information transmitted from a mobile target base station. Using this received information, the receiving UE can identify the mobile target base station's identifier, its sensing settings, and whether it is a transmitting base station. If the mobile target base station is a transmitting base station, the receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state can perform sensing measurements. Sensing measurements can also be performed using the sensing settings corresponding to that transmitting base station.

[0449] When a receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state establishes an RRC connection, it can preferentially select a base station that supports the desired sensing service.

[0450] This allows receiving UEs in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state to perform sensing measurements at mobile target base stations. Even if the receiving UE moves, the sensing measurement results in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state can still be used, improving sensing accuracy.

[0451] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example sequence of sensing processes that enable a receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE state to perform sensing measurements at a mobile target base station. Figure 21 In the example, multiple transmitting base stations are set.

[0452] In step ST2180, processing includes transmitting and receiving sensing capability information, setting sensing parameters in multiple transmitting base stations, and setting the sensing parameters of multiple transmitting base stations for the receiving UE. Step ST2180 can be appropriately applied... Figure 17 Step ST1780. Step ST1780 can be applied to multiple transmitting base stations. As an application method to multiple transmitting base stations, for example, the processing methods disclosed in Embodiment 1, such as sensing settings for multiple transmitting base stations, processing of setting sensing settings for multiple transmitting base stations to a receiving UE, and cooperation between multiple transmitting base stations, can be appropriately applied. By applying step ST1780 to multiple transmitting base stations, the receiving UE can obtain the sensing settings in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE states of multiple transmitting base stations.

[0453] In step ST2182, processing includes sending a sensing request, sending sensing resources, performing sensing measurements, and sending the sensing measurement results. Step ST2182 can be appropriately applied. Figure 17Step ST1782. Step ST1782 can be applied to multiple transmitting base stations. As an application method to multiple transmitting base stations, for example, the processing method disclosed in Embodiment 1, such as sending sensing requests and sensing resources to multiple transmitting base stations, sensing measurement, and sending sensing measurement results, can be appropriately applied.

[0454] In step ST2182, the transmitting base station that receives the UE for RRC connection is sometimes referred to as the pre-mobile transmitting base station. The receiving UE sends the sensing measurement results of the sensing resources transmitted by the transmitting base station to the pre-mobile transmitting base station. The pre-mobile transmitting base station sends the sensing measurement results to the SF. There can be one or more transmitting base stations performing the sensing measurement.

[0455] In step ST1751, the transmitting base station sends an RRC release to the receiving UE before moving. In step ST1753, the transmitting base station uses the sensing settings in the RRC_IDLE state to transmit sensing resources. In step ST1755, the receiving UE, which has transitioned to the RRC_IDLE state, uses the sensing settings in the RRC_IDLE state in step ST1757, performs sensing measurements in step ST1759, and performs buffering processing to store the sensing settings in step ST1761.

[0456] The receiving UE in RRC_IDLE state moves to the coverage area of ​​the mobile transmitting base station. In step ST2121, the receiving UE performs RA processing and RRC connection establishment processing on the mobile transmitting base station in advance according to the reporting timing of the sensing measurement results. The receiving UE transitions to the RRC_CONNECTED state between the mobile transmitting base stations. In step ST2131, the receiving UE in the RRC_CONNECTED state sends the sensing measurement results to the SF. The reporting of the sensing measurement results can be done via the mobile transmitting base station. The receiving UE sends the sensing measurement results to the mobile transmitting base station. The mobile transmitting base station can send the received sensing measurement results to the SF. The SF derives the sensing results in step ST1775. The mobile transmitting base station can recognize that the receiving UE has sent the sensing measurement results.

[0457] In step ST2141, after the move, the transmitting base station determines whether to continue the RRC connection with the receiving UE or release the RRC connection. For example, if communication occurs between the base station and the receiving UE, the RRC connection continues. If no communication occurs, the RRC connection is released. If the RRC connection is released, in step ST2151, the base station sends an RRC release message to the receiving UE, causing it to transition to the RRC_IDLE state. In step ST2111, sensing resources are transmitted using sensing settings in the RRC_IDLE state. The receiving UE then performs sensing processing in the RRC_IDLE state again.

[0458] The transmitting base station can configure and transmit sensing resources using the sensing configuration in the RRC_IDLE state after receiving a sensing request. The receiving UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state can perform sensing measurements immediately after moving between transmitting base stations.

[0459] Therefore, even if a UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACIVE state moves between transmitting base stations, it can still perform sensing processing, and the SF can obtain the sensing measurement results of the UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACIVE state. The SF can use these sensing measurement results to derive sensing results.

[0460] Some or all of the sensing settings can be configured individually for each RAN node. RAN nodes can be base stations, central cells, DUs, TRPs, or cells. Some or all of the sensing settings can also be configured individually for each UE. Sensing settings can also be combinations of these. For example, sensing settings used in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE states are configured individually for each cell, while sensing settings used in RRC_CONNECTED states are configured individually for each UE. UEs in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE states use cell-specific sensing settings for sensing measurements, while receiving UEs in RRC_CONNECTED states use UE-specific sensing settings for sensing measurements. For example, after receiving a sensing request, a base station can use cell-specific sensing settings to transmit sensing resources.

[0461] Therefore, for example, by setting UE-specific sensing settings, sensing settings suitable for receiving UEs can be configured. Furthermore, by setting RAN node-specific sensing settings, these sensing settings can be applied to UEs belonging to each RAN node. Additionally, compared to setting sensing settings individually for each UE, setting sensing settings individually for each RAN node reduces the number of sensing settings required, thus reducing the amount of sensing resources transmitted. For example, interference caused by transmitting sensing resources can be reduced.

[0462] The above disclosure describes that sending sensing configuration information and sensing requests to the UE can be performed while the UE is in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Alternatively, paging can also be used to send sensing configuration information and sensing requests. For example, a base station uses paging to send sensing configuration information to a receiving UE. For example, a base station uses paging to send a sensing request to a receiving UE. The method of sending sensing configuration information and sensing requests using paging can be appropriately applied to the method of requesting sensing measurement results using paging. UEs in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state can obtain sensing configuration information and sensing requests without transitioning to the RRC_CONNECTED state.

[0463] The transmission of a sensing configuration response or sensing request response from the UE can be performed after the UE receives a paging message for a sensing configuration information or sensing request and then transitions to the RRC_CONNECTED state. The above method can be applied appropriately.

[0464] Alternatively, the transmission of a sensing setup response or sensing request response from the UE can be performed during RA processing. The UE performs RA processing after receiving a paging message for sensing setup information or a sensing request. The sensing setup response or sensing request response can be transmitted during RA processing. The methods described above for transmitting sensing measurement results during RA processing can be appropriately applied to the methods for transmitting sensing setup responses or sensing request responses during RA processing.

[0465] In the transmission of sensing setup responses and sensing request responses from the UE, EDT processing used in communication can be applied appropriately, as can SDT processing.

[0466] In the transmission of sensing setup responses and sensing request responses from the UE, the CP CIOT EPC / 5GS optimization processing used in communication can be applied appropriately, as can the UP CIOT EPC / 5GS optimization processing.

[0467] It can send sensing configuration information and sensing requests to the UE earlier.

[0468] Using the method disclosed in this embodiment, even if the receiving UE is in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, it can still receive sensing resources from the transmitting base station and perform sensing measurements. Furthermore, the receiving UE can transmit the sensing measurement results in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state to the NW node. Even if the receiving UE transitions to the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, major incidents due to interruptions in sensing processing can be suppressed.

[0469] There are cases where communication ends during sensing processing. In such cases, only sensing processing can be performed. For example, upon the end of communication, the receiving UE can transition to the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state and perform sensing processing. The methods described above can be appropriately applied, reducing the power consumption of the receiving UE.

[0470] During sensing processing, the receiving UE can be prevented from transitioning to the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. During sensing processing, the receiving UE can maintain the RRC_CONNECTED state with the base station. The SF can send information to the AMF or base station indicating that the target UE is undergoing sensing processing. This information can be information indicating that each target UE is undergoing sensing processing. This information can be information indicating that the RRC_CONNECTED state is being maintained. The AMF can send information to the base station indicating that the target UE is undergoing sensing processing. The base station can identify that the target UE is undergoing sensing processing. The base station will not release the RRC connection for the target UE. Therefore, for example, even if the receiving UE finishes communication during sensing processing, it will not transition to the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, thus allowing sensing measurement results to be obtained earlier.

[0471] Implementation method 3.

[0472] There are sensing technologies that do not use the methods specified in 3GPP (sometimes referred to as non-3GPP or non-3PP sensing), such as LiDAR, radar, Wi-Fi (registered trademark) sensing, and cameras. UEs in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE states can possess non-3GPP sensing sensors and can perform non-3GPP sensing. UEs in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE states can send the acquired non-3GPP sensing measurement results and sensing results to the mobile communication network (NW). Therefore, even when the UE is in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, it can still access the non-3GPP sensing measurement results and sensing results to the mobile communication network (NW).

[0473] SF can manage non-3GPP sensing. This includes managing non-3GPP sensing processes such as non-3GPP sensing requests, settings, and termination. SF can also function as a server for non-3GPP sensing. By configuring functions to manage sensing, sensing processes can be centrally managed, reducing the complexity of sensing procedures.

[0474] A SF (Signal Array) with non-3GPP sensing management capabilities can be configured separately from other functions within the NW (Network Wireless). This reduces processing complexity and minimizes malfunctions. Alternatively, the SF with non-3GPP sensing management capabilities can be integrated into other functions within the NW. This facilitates collaboration with other functions and reduces signaling load.

[0475] The processing of non-3GPP sensing settings and requests for the UE can be performed when the UE is in the RRC_CONNECTED state. The method disclosed in Implementation 2 can be appropriately applied. UEs transitioning to the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state can use the non-3GPP sensing settings received in the RRC_CONNECTED state to perform non-3GPP sensing.

[0476] The UE can store non-3GPP sensing measurement results and non-3GPP sensing results implemented in the RRC_IDLE and RRC_INACTIVE states. The storage method can appropriately apply the method disclosed in Implementation 2.

[0477] After the UE transitions to the RRC_CONNECTED state, it preferably transmits non-3GPP sensing measurement results or non-3GPP sensing results. To transmit non-3GPP sensing measurement results or non-3GPP sensing results, the UE may transition to the RRC_CONNECTED state. Alternatively, the UE may use RA processing or RRC connection establishment processing to transmit non-3GPP sensing measurement results or non-3GPP sensing results. After transmitting non-3GPP sensing measurement results or non-3GPP sensing results, the UE may not transition to the RRC_CONNECTED state but instead maintain the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. These methods can appropriately apply the methods disclosed in Implementation 2.

[0478] Therefore, SF can obtain the non-3GPP sensing measurement results and non-3GPP sensing results implemented by the UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state.

[0479] By employing the method disclosed in this embodiment, the mobile communication NW can acquire the measurement results and sensing results of non-3GPP sensing of a UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. Even if the receiving UE transitions to the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, the non-3GPP sensing processing will not be interrupted, thus suppressing major incidents caused by such interruptions. Furthermore, the mobile communication NW can provide a variety of sensing services requested by other NFs, AFs, or external storage devices.

[0480] Implementation method 4.

[0481] A deterioration in the radio wave propagation environment between the UE and the base station can lead to communication interruptions. In this situation, the NW node cannot obtain the UE's sensing measurement results, resulting in a sensing interruption. As described in Implementation 2, for example in autonomous driving of automobiles and drones, and in health monitoring, sensing interruptions can lead to serious accidents.

[0482] This embodiment discloses a method for solving this technical problem.

[0483] The UE performing the sensing transmits the sensing results to the NW node via non-3GPP access. Sensing can be either 3GPP sensing or non-3GPP sensing. Non-3GPP access refers to communication methods that do not use the methods specified in 3GPP, such as Wi-Fi.

[0484] The UE performing the sensing can also send the sensing results to the NW node via the N3IWF (non-3GPP Interworking Function). The NW node sending the sensing results can be, for example, an SF (Secure Foundry). Alternatively, it can be an AMF (Advanced Management Foundry). For example, the sensing results can be sent to the SF via the AMF. The NW node can also be, for example, a UPF (Upgraded User Foundry). For example, the sensing results can be sent to the SF via the UPF.

[0485] Figure 22 This diagram illustrates an example architecture for a UE performing sensing processing between the UE and the mobile communication network (NW) via non-3GPP access and N3IWF. The UE connects to the AMF or UPF via non-3GPP access and N3IWF for sensing. The AMF or UPF connects to the SF.

[0486] The UE performing the sensing connects to a non-3GPP access point and sends the sensing results to the N3IWF. The UE performing the sensing can also connect to a non-3GPP access point connected to the N3IWF. The CP can be used to send the sensing results to the SF. When using the CP, the N3IWF sends the sensing results to the AMF. The AMF then sends the sensing results to the SF. Thus, the UE performing the sensing can send the sensing results to the SF.

[0487] The UPF can also be used to send sensing results to the SF. When using the UPF, the N3IWF sends the sensing results to the UPF. The UPF then sends the sensing results to the SF. Thus, the UE performing the sensing can send the sensing results to the SF.

[0488] The UE performing the sensing can send the sensing results to the NW node via TNAN (Trusted Non-3GPP Access Network). TNAN consists of TNAP (Trusted Non-3GPP Access Point) and TNGF (Trusted Non-3GPP Gateway Function).

[0489] Figure 23 This diagram illustrates an example architecture for a UE performing sensing processing between the UE and the mobile communication network (NW) via a TNAN. The UE connects to either the AMF or UPF via the TNAN for sensing. The AMF or UPF connects to the SF.

[0490] The UE that has performed sensing connects to the TNAP, and the TNAP, which sends the sensing measurement results to the TNGF, then sends the sensing measurement results to the SF. The CP can be used to send the sensing measurement results to the SF. When using the CP, the TNGF sends the sensing measurement results to the AMF. The AMF then sends the sensing measurement results to the SF. Thus, the UE performing sensing can send the sensing measurement results to the SF.

[0491] The UP can also be used to send sensing results to the SF. The UPF can also be used to send sensing results to the SF. When using the UP, the TNGF sends the sensing results to the UPF. The UPF sends the sensing results to the SF. Thus, the UE performing the sensing can send the sensing results to the SF.

[0492] During sensing configuration, changes, or sensing requests, communication may be interrupted due to deterioration of the radio wave propagation environment between the UE and the base station. In this situation, the NW node is unable to send sensing configuration, changes, or sensing requests to the UE, resulting in sensing interruption. A method for resolving this issue is disclosed.

[0493] NW nodes send sensing settings, changes, or sensing requests to the UE performing sensing via non-3GPP access. NW nodes can also send sensing settings, changes, or sensing requests to the UE performing sensing via N3IWF. NW nodes can also send sensing settings, changes, or sensing requests to the UE performing sensing via TNAN. Therefore, NW nodes can send sensing settings, changes, or sensing requests to the UE performing sensing via non-3GPP access.

[0494] By employing the method disclosed in this embodiment, sensing measurement results can be sent to the NW node without using communication between the UE and the base station. Furthermore, sensing settings or sensing requests can be sent to the UE without using communication between the UE and the base station. Even if communication between the UE and the base station is interrupted, sensing interruption can be avoided, thus preventing major accidents caused by sensing interruption.

[0495] An SMU (Sensing Measurement Unit) can be configured. The SMU performs sensing measurements. The SMU does not need to have all the functions of the UE. The SMU has the function of performing sensing measurements. The SMU may have some or all of the functions of sensing processing.

[0496] The UE mode can be configured in a non-3GPP access point. The UE and N3IWF can communicate for sensing processing via other non-3GPP access points.

[0497] An SMU can be configured in a non-3GPP access point. An interface can be configured between the SMU and the N3IWF. An interface can also be configured between the SMU and the SF. For example, the SMU sends its sensing results to the N3IWF, and the N3IWF sends the received sensing results to the SF. Communication between the N3IWF and the SF can be via the AMF or the SMF. The SF can then acquire the sensing results.

[0498] The UE mode can be configured in the TNAP. The SMU can also be configured in the TNAP. Communication for sensing processing can be performed between the TNAP with UE mode and the TNGF.

[0499] An interface can be set up between the SMU and the TNGF. An interface can also be set up between the SMU and the SF. For example, the SMU sends its sensing measurement results to the TNGF, and the TNGF sends the received sensing measurement results to the SF. Communication between the TNGF and the SF can be conducted via the AMF or the SMF. The SF can then acquire the sensing measurement results.

[0500] Implementation method 5.

[0501] In sensing using mobile communication systems, the sensing of a target using a UE or a base station has been proposed (refer to Non-Patent Document 31). As a sensing method, it has been disclosed that the UE can be used as a transmitting node for sensing (sensing resources), and the base station as a receiving node for the sensing resources. However, in mobile communication systems, a specific method for performing sensing when the UE is the transmitting node and the base station is the receiving node has not yet been disclosed. Therefore, a problem arises where such sensing cannot be performed.

[0502] This embodiment discloses a method for solving this technical problem.

[0503] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the use of a UE and a base station for sensing. The UE acts as the transmitting node for the resources used in sensing (sensing resources), while the base station acts as the receiving node for the sensing resources reflected or transmitted from the target. The UE, acting as the transmitting node, is sometimes called the transmitting UE. The base station, acting as the receiving node, is sometimes called the receiving base station. There can be multiple receiving base stations, not just one.

[0504] The transmitting UE transmits sensing radio waves. The transmitting UE carries and transmits sensing resources for sensing on these sensing radio waves. The transmitting UE may also use beams to transmit sensing resources. Sensing resources can be resources on the frequency-time axis. For example, a sensing resource can be a PRACH. For example, a sensing resource can be a signal configured for sensing. For example, a sensing resource can be an RS transmitted on the frequency-time axis. For example, a sensing resource can be an RS, PRS, SRS, etc., configured for sensing.

[0505] The information contained in the sensing settings may appropriately apply the information examples disclosed in Implementation 1.

[0506] In this embodiment, the receiving UE described in the example of information related to sensing resource settings in (1) can be set as the transmitting UE. Furthermore, the information related to the resources used for sensing in the sensing setting information in (1-1) can be, for example, information about the signal used for sensing or RS. Information about the signal used for sensing can be, for example, PRAC. Information about the RS used for sensing can be, for example, RS, PRS, SRS, etc., set for sensing. The transmitting UE can identify which sensing resource should be transmitted. When SRS is set, sensing can also be set as SRS usage information. The UE can identify that SRS is used for sensing. Communication SRS can also be used for sensing. The setting of communication SRS can also be set as sensing settings. For example, the identifier of the SRS set in the sensing settings can be used as the identifier of the SRS set in the communication settings. The UE does not need to transmit sensing SRS separately from communication SRS, thus simplifying UE processing.

[0507] In this embodiment, the information related to the sensing measurement settings in (2) can be used as setting information for sensing measurement by the receiving base station. Alternatively, this information can also be used as sensing resource transmission setting information for the transmitting UE used for sensing measurement. Appropriate application is acceptable.

[0508] In this embodiment, the information related to the sensing measurement result report in (3) can be used as setting information for the receiving base station to report the sensing measurement result. The receiving UE can be the receiving base station, and the transmitting base station can be the transmitting UE.

[0509] Sensing settings can be configured individually for each UE. For example, in the presence of multiple transmitting UEs, sensing settings can be configured separately for each transmitting UE. This facilitates interference avoidance through cooperation between transmitting UEs.

[0510] The receiving base station can be a base station corresponding to the sensing service being applied. The receiving base station can also be a sensing-associated base station. The receiving base station can be determined from these base stations. The method for deriving the receiving base station can appropriately apply the method for deriving the transmitting base station disclosed in Implementation 1. The transmitting base station can be appropriately replaced with the receiving base station.

[0511] The transmitting UE can be a UE corresponding to the sensing service being targeted. The transmitting UE can be a sensing-associated UE. The transmitting UE can be a UE capable of obtaining a specified reception quality (RSRP, RSRQ, SIR, SINR, etc.). The reception quality can be the reception quality of the communication RS. The transmitting UE can be a UE capable of obtaining a specified transmission quality (RSRP, RSRQ, SIR, SINR, etc.). The specified transmission quality can be determined by the base station. These UEs can be considered as transmitting UE candidates. The transmitting UE can be determined from these UEs. The method for deriving the transmitting UE can appropriately apply the receiving UE derivation method disclosed in Implementation Method 1. Simply replace the receiving UE with the transmitting UE to apply the method appropriately.

[0512] The SF (Service Provider) can determine the receiving base station. The SF can also determine the transmitting UE. Having the SF determine the receiving base station and the transmitting UE simplifies sensing management. Alternatively, the serving base station of the transmitting UE can be determined as the receiving base station. This simplifies signaling between the transmitting UE and the receiving base station. Alternatively, the base station can determine the transmitting UE. The receiving base station can determine the transmitting UE from its subordinate UEs. After determining or changing the transmitting UE, sensing measurements in the receiving base station can be performed earlier. This reduces the latency of sensing processing.

[0513] The transmitting UE can be limited to the RRC_CONNECTED state. Alternatively, the transmitting UE can not be limited to the RRC_CONNECTED state. The transmitting UE can be in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state. The transmitting UE can receive sensing settings while in the RRC_CONNECTED state. For example, it can receive sensing settings from an SF or base station. After the transmitting UE transitions to the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, it can still use the received sensing settings. The sensing processing of the transmitting UE in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state can appropriately apply the method disclosed in Implementation 2. Even if the transmitting UE is in the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state, the transmission of sensing resources can still be performed. Sensing interruption caused by transitioning to the RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state can be avoided, and major accidents due to sensing interruption can be prevented.

[0514] A method for disclosing sensing settings is provided. Sensing settings are shared between the transmitting node and the receiving node. For example, sensing settings can be shared between one or more receiving base stations and the transmitting UE. Sensing settings can be performed by a base station. The base station performing the sensing settings can be, for example, a serving base station representing the receiving base station or the transmitting UE. Alternatively, sensing settings can also be performed by the SF (Signal Station).

[0515] Sensing configuration is performed by a representative receiving base station. The representative receiving base station can be determined by the SF. For example, the SF can determine the representative receiving base station from one or more receiving base stations. The SF can obtain UE information connected to the representative receiving base station. The SF requests sensing configuration from the representative receiving base station. The acquisition of UE information connected to the representative receiving base station can be performed before the sensing configuration processing for the representative receiving base station. Sensing configuration processing can be performed at flexible timings. The acquisition of UE information connected to the representative receiving base station can also be performed during the sensing configuration processing for the representative receiving base station. This reduces signaling load.

[0516] The method for obtaining UE information connected to the representative receiving base station by the SF is disclosed.

[0517] The SF requests connected UE information from the representative receiving base station. The SF may also send information related to potential UE candidates to the representative receiving base station. Potential UE candidates may be sense-associated UEs, for example. The representative receiving base station can use the potential UE candidate information to deduce the UEs connected to it. The representative receiving base station can then send connected UE information to the SF. Thus, the SF can obtain UE information connected to the representative receiving base station.

[0518] Other methods are disclosed. The SF can request connected UE information from the AMF. The SF can also send information related to the representative receiving base station to the AMF. Information related to the representative receiving base station may, for example, be the base station's identifier. The SF can also send UE candidate information to the AMF. The AMF can use the information related to the representative receiving base station and the UE candidate information to deduce the UEs connected to the representative receiving base station. The AMF sends the UE information connected to the representative receiving base station to the SF. Thus, the SF can obtain the UE information connected to the representative receiving base station.

[0519] Other methods are disclosed. The SF can request connected base station information from the UE. The SF can request connected base station information from a sending UE candidate. There can be one or more sending UE candidates. The sending UE candidate sends the connected base station information to the SF. The SF can select a representative receiving base station from the base stations shown in the received base station information. The SF derives UE information connected to the representative receiving base station.

[0520] If there are no candidate UEs connected to the representative receiving base station, another receiving base station can be designated as the representative receiving base station. This can be done by designating another receiving base station as the representative receiving base station and processing can proceed again.

[0521] Therefore, SF is able to obtain UE information connected to the representative receiving base station.

[0522] There can be multiple representative receiving base stations. Transmitting UE information can be obtained for each representative receiving base station. The methods disclosed above can be appropriately applied.

[0523] Before deciding on a representative receiving base station, the SF can request connected UE information from a candidate receiving base station. There can be multiple candidate receiving base stations, or all of them can be candidate receiving base stations. The candidate receiving base station sends the connected UE information to the SF. The SF can use the candidate receiving base station information and the connected UE information to determine the representative receiving base station and the transmitting UE. The SF can obtain more information related to the receiving base station and the UE. For example, it can determine the representative receiving base station and the transmitting UE that are more suitable for sensing.

[0524] A method for performing sensing configuration on behalf of a receiving base station is further disclosed. The SF sends a sensing configuration request to the SF. The SF performs sensing configuration. Sensing configuration can be performed according to the sensing configuration request. The SF sends sensing configuration information to the SF. The SF can send a sensing configuration response to the SF, or the sensing configuration information can be included in the sensing configuration response. The SF can obtain the sensing configuration information generated by the SF.

[0525] The sensing configuration request may include, for example, information related to the transmitting UE, information related to the receiving base station, sensing-related information, the performance requirements for sensing processing in the NW, information related to candidate receiving base stations and sensing-associated base stations, information related to candidate transmitting UEs and sensing-associated UEs, and combinations of the above information. Information related to the transmitting UE may, for example, be information for determining the transmitting UE. Information related to the receiving base station may, for example, be information for determining the receiving base station.

[0526] The sensing configuration can be performed by the serving base station. The method for performing sensing configuration by the representative receiving base station disclosed above can be appropriately applied.

[0527] The SF sends sensing configuration information to the transmitting UE. The SF can send a sensing configuration request or include the sensing configuration information within the request. The transmitting UE uses the received sensing configuration information to perform sensing configuration. The transmitting UE then sends a sensing configuration response to the SF. The sensing configuration response may include sensing configuration information and information indicating whether the sensing configuration is complete. The SF can identify whether the transmitting UE has completed the sensing configuration.

[0528] The SF can exclude transmitting UEs that have not completed sensing configuration. The SF can change a transmitting UE that has not completed sensing configuration to another transmitting UE. The SF can then use the changed transmitting UE to perform sensing configuration using the method disclosed above. Since the transmitting UE can be excluded or changed based on its status, a more suitable transmitting UE can be selected.

[0529] The UE can send information about its sensing capabilities to the NW node. Alternatively, this information can be included in the capability information. The NW node can be the SF (Secure Provider). The UE can send information about its sensing capabilities to the base station. The base station can then send this received information to the SF. Alternatively, the base station can send this received information to the SF via the AMF (Advanced Component Provider).

[0530] Information regarding sensing capabilities could include information related to the transmission capabilities of sensing resources. For example, it could specify whether the system has the capability to transmit sensing resources, or which sensing resources can be transmitted. Examples include SRS (Sensing Remote Control System) and RS (Sensing Remote Control System) configured for sensing.

[0531] Information regarding sensing capabilities could include, for example, information related to the supported sensing frequencies. This could include information such as frequency band, frequency layer, and BWP (Bandwidth, Frequency, and Power) information. For instance, it could include information on whether full-duplex or sub-band full-duplex functionality is available. It could also include information on whether communication frequencies can be used.

[0532] A sensing window can be set for transmitting sensing resources. The UE transmits sensing resources within the sensing window. Communication is not required during the sensing window. A sensing interval can also be set for transmitting sensing resources. The UE transmits sensing resources within the sensing interval. Communication is not required during the sensing interval. Within the sensing interval, a frequency different from the communication frequency can be used to transmit sensing resources. Frequency switching between communication and sensing frequencies is also possible.

[0533] Information about sensing capabilities may include, for example, whether a sensing window is supported, information about the sensing interval, and whether the ability to send sensing resources is available.

[0534] The NW node that receives the information about the sensing functions of the UE can determine, for example, which UEs can be used as sensing transmission nodes and what kind of sensing can be performed.

[0535] NW nodes can request information from UEs regarding sensing capabilities. Upon receiving this request, the UE sends the information about sensing capabilities to the NW node. For example, SF can request this information from the UE. The UE then sends this information to the SF. For instance, the SF can consider the UE's information about sensing capabilities when deciding which UE to send, such as configuring sensing settings for the sending UE.

[0536] The base station can send information about its sensing capabilities to the NW node. This information can be included in the capability information. The NW node can be the SF (Signal Server). The base station can also send information about its sensing capabilities to the AMF (Agency Filter). The AMF can send the received information about the base station's sensing capabilities to the SF.

[0537] Information regarding sensing capabilities could be related to the receiving capabilities of sensing resources. For example, it could specify whether the system has the capability to receive sensing resources, or which sensing resources it can receive. Examples include SRS (Sensing Receptacle System) and RS (Sensing Receptacle System) configured for sensing.

[0538] Information regarding sensing capabilities is not limited to information such as whether sensing measurement functions are available, but can also include information related to which sensing measurement metrics are supported. Examples of sensing measurement metrics include RSRP, RSRQ, SIR, Doppler frequency, AOD (Angle of Departure), TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival), AOA (Angle of Arrival), CIR (Channel Impulse Response), and PDP (Power Delay Profile). Information can also include whether the system has the capability to measure the time variations of these metrics. Furthermore, information can be related to LOS or NLOS sensing measurements. For example, it could include information on whether LOS-based sensing measurements are supported, whether NLOS-based sensing measurements are supported, and whether the system supports the ability to derive whether the sensing measurement path is LOS or NLOS. Additionally, information could include whether the system has the capability to derive location, range, velocity, acceleration, and direction of movement.

[0539] Information regarding sensing capabilities could include, for example, information related to supported sensing frequencies. This could include information such as frequency band, frequency layer, and BWP (Bandwidth, Frequency, and Power) information. For instance, it could include information on whether full-duplex or sub-band full-duplex functionality is available. It could also include information on whether communication frequencies can be used.

[0540] Information about sensing capabilities may include, for example, whether a sensing window is supported, information about the sensing interval, and whether the device has the capability to receive sensing resources.

[0541] The NW node that receives the information about the sensing functions of the aforementioned base station can, for example, determine which base stations can be used as receiving nodes for sensing and what kind of sensing can be performed.

[0542] NW nodes can request information about sensing capabilities from base stations. Upon receiving the request, the base station sends the information about sensing capabilities to the NW node. For example, SF nodes can request this information from base stations. The base station sends this information to the SF. For example, the SF can consider the base station's information about sensing capabilities to decide which base station to receive from.

[0543] Information about the UE's sensing capabilities can be sent to the NW node along with information about the UE's location management capabilities. The UE may possess location management capabilities. The NW node can, for example, use the information from the UE regarding sensing capabilities and location management capabilities to determine which UE can be used for sensing and what kind of sensing it can perform.

[0544] Information about the sensing capabilities of a base station can be sent to the NW node along with information about its location management capabilities. The base station may possess location management capabilities. The NW node can, for example, use the information from the base station regarding sensing capabilities and location management capabilities to determine which base station can be used for sensing and what kind of sensing can be performed.

[0545] The SF sends a sensing request to the UE. The sensing request may include, for example, identifiers of sensing settings, sensing resource settings, sensing measurement settings, and sensing measurement report settings. The sensing request may also include, for example, a request to start sending sensing resources. For instance, it may include an identifier for the setting that requires sensing. It may also include activation / deactivation information for each setting.

[0546] Upon receiving a sensing request, the UE transmits sensing resources. The transmitted sensing resources must conform to the sensing settings. Thus, the transmitting UE is able to perform the transmission of sensing resources.

[0547] The transmitting UE can send a sensing request response to the SF. The sensing request response may include, for example, identifiers of the performed sensing settings, sensing resource settings, sensing measurement settings, and sensing measurement report settings. For instance, it may include base station information related to the performed sensing settings. Information about the base station can be associated with the aforementioned information. The SF can identify whether each transmitting or receiving UE has performed sensing processing.

[0548] The SF sends a sensing request to the base station. The sensing request may include identifiers for sensing settings, sensing resource settings, sensing measurement settings, and sensing measurement report settings. For example, it may include a request to start receiving sensing resources. It may also include identifiers for settings that require sensing to be performed. Sensing execution start / deactivation can be configured. The sensing request may include execution start / deactivation information for each setting.

[0549] The base station receiving the sensing request receives sensing resources. The received sensing resources conform to the sensing settings. The base station receiving the sensing request performs sensing settings. Sensing measurements are performed using the sensing settings. The base station sends the sensing measurement results to the SF. The reporting of the sensing measurement results is performed using the sensing settings. Thus, the receiving UE can perform sensing measurements, and the SF can receive the sensing measurement results performed by the receiving UE.

[0550] The receiving base station can send a sensing request response to the SF. The sensing request response may include, for example, information about the transmitting UE that performed the sensing measurement. This information may include identifiers of the performed sensing settings, sensing resource settings, sensing measurement settings, and sensing measurement report settings. The information about the transmitting UE that performed the sensing measurement can be associated with the above information. The SF can identify that each receiving base station has performed sensing processing.

[0551] The sensing measurement results can include measurement results for multiple paths of the same beam. It can include measurement results for each path. The sensing measurement results can include measurement results for at least one of LOS and NLOS. It can include measurement results for each path with both LOS and NLOS. For each path, the measurement results can include information indicating whether it is LOS or NLOS. It can include information indicating whether the measurement result is NLOS. It can also include information indicating the probability or likelihood of NLOS. LOS can be FAP. SF can determine whether the sensing measurement results obtained from the receiving base station are measurement results for a LOS path or a NLOS path.

[0552] For example, if it is a LOS (Low-Input Short-Side) path, it can be determined that the receiving base station receives direct radio waves from the transmitting UE, rather than reflections from the target. Reflections from the target are preferably NLOS (Low-Input Short-Side). Measurement results of NLOS paths can be used for target sensing. Measurement results of LOS-excluded paths can be used for target sensing. Thus, more accurate sensing results can be derived from the sensing measurement results.

[0553] This indicates that the transmitting or serving base station can change its sensing settings. The changed sensing settings can be sent to the SF (Signal Station). The SF then sends the changed sensing settings information to the transmitting UE (User Equipment). Thus, the transmitting UE can obtain the changed sensing settings. Sensing settings can be shared between the transmitting UE and the receiving base station.

[0554] The SF can modify sensing settings. For example, it can select different sensing settings or information from multiple sensing settings or information received on behalf of a transmitting or serving base station. The SF sends the selected sensing settings or information to the transmitting UE and one or more receiving base stations. Thus, the transmitting UE and the receiving base stations can obtain the modified sensing settings. Sensing settings can be shared between the transmitting UE and the receiving base stations.

[0555] The transmitting UE can request a change in sensing settings. For example, the transmitting UE can make this request to a SF (Signal Server), a node representing the transmitting base station, a serving base station, or a node that performs sensing settings changes. The node receiving the request can then change the sensing settings. The sensing settings change request may include information for determining the sensing settings and information about the quality of sensing measurements. As another example, the sensing settings change request may include desired sensing settings information. This allows the transmitting UE to be informed which sensing settings are preferable. The node performing the sensing settings or changing the sensing settings can use the desired sensing settings information from the UE to perform the sensing settings. This enables the implementation of sensing settings more suitable for the transmitting UE's conditions.

[0556] By making it possible to request sensing configuration changes from the transmitting UE, for example, when sensing resources and communication resources in the transmitting UE overlap, such problems can be avoided or reduced.

[0557] For example, an SF that receives a sensing setting change request from a UE can send a sensing setting change request to a base station. This request may include information indicating that it is a sensing setting change request. Alternatively, a sensing setting change request can be set separately from the sensing setting request. The SF that receives the sensing setting change request from the UE can send the sensing setting change request to the base station. The base station that receives the sensing setting change request changes the sensing settings. The base station sends the changed sensing settings to the SF. The SF sends the changed sensing settings to the transmitting UE. Thus, the transmitting UE can obtain the changed sensing settings and use them to perform sensing measurements.

[0558] The receiving base station can request changes to the sensing settings. The receiving base station can make this request to either the node that performs the sensing settings or the node that performs the sensing settings change. The method described above for the UE to request sensing settings changes can be appropriately applied. Sensing settings can be adjusted to suit the conditions of the receiving base station.

[0559] The AMF can request changes to sensing settings. The AMF can make this request to the node that performs the sensing settings or to the node that performs the sensing settings change. The method described above for the UE to request sensing settings changes can be appropriately applied. Sensing settings suitable for the AMF's conditions can be configured.

[0560] The start / stop of sensing execution can be sent separately from the sensing request. The start / stop of sensing execution may include information about the sensing settings used to determine the start / stop. For example, it may include an identifier of the sensing settings disclosed above. One or more preset sensing settings can be used to initiate / stop the execution of one or more sensing settings. The SF sends the start / stop of the sensing settings to the transmitting UE and the receiving base station. The transmitting UE and the receiving base station use the sensing settings initiated to perform sensing measurements. The receiving UE stops the sensing measurements using the sensing settings initiated to stop.

[0561] Sensing settings can be changed using the start / stop function. The process stops the operation on the original sensing settings and starts the operation on the changed settings. Therefore, when changes to sensing settings are needed based on circumstances, there is no need for the transmission time of the changed sensing settings, allowing for low-latency processing of sensing setting changes.

[0562] The start / stop of sensing operations is disclosed by the SF (Sensing Controller), but it can also be performed by the AMF (Agency Controller). The AMF sends the start / stop of sensing settings to both the transmitting UE and the receiving base station. No signaling between the SF and the UE is required. Sensing setting changes can be implemented earlier.

[0563] The base station can initiate / stop the sensing operation. The base station sends the sensing configuration start / stop information to the transmitting UE. This can be done using the base station-UE interface, for example, using RRC signaling. Large amounts of information can be sent, for example, using MAC signaling. It can be sent as early as possible, for example, using L1 / L2 signaling. The sensing configuration start / stop information can be included in the DCI. It can be sent even earlier. The start / stop operation can be implemented via base station-UE signaling, without the need for SF-UE signaling. Sensing configuration changes can be implemented earlier.

[0564] The method for ending public sensing is as follows: The SF sends a sensing end message to some or all of the receiving base stations. A sensing end message can also be configured. Upon receiving the sensing end message, the receiving base station terminates the reception of sensing resources. Reception of sensing resources under all sensing settings that have already begun sensing can be terminated. The receiving base station can release sensing settings. The receiving base station can release all sensing settings. The receiving base station sends a sensing end completion message to the SF. A sensing end completion message can also be configured.

[0565] The SF sends a sensing termination message to the transmitting UE. A sensing termination message can also be configured. Upon receiving the sensing termination message, the transmitting UE stops transmitting sensing resources. It can terminate the transmission of sensing resources under all sensing settings that have already begun sensing. The transmitting UE can release sensing settings. The transmitting UE can release all sensing settings. The transmitting UE sends a sensing termination completion message to the SF. A sensing termination completion message can also be configured.

[0566] Figure 25 This is a diagram illustrating an example sequence of sensing processes when the UE becomes the transmitting node and the base station becomes the receiving node. Figure 25 The first half of the processing is shown. Figure 26 Shown in Figure 25 The second half of the processing is performed after the initial processing shown. An example is shown below: the sending node is the UE, and multiple base stations (base station #1, base station #2, base station #3) are receiving nodes. An example is shown where base station #1 represents the receiving base station. (For...) Figure 13 Common steps are labeled with the same step number, and common descriptions are omitted. The processing of step ST1380 is similar to... Figure 13 same.

[0567] In step ST2511, the SF sends an information request regarding sensing functions to the base station. The base station may be, for example, a receiving base station candidate. For example, the base station may also be a sensing-associated base station. The information regarding sensing functions may include, for example, information indicating whether it possesses the function of acting as a receiving node. The information regarding sensing functions may also include information indicating whether it possesses the function of receiving sensing resources. Not limited to the above information, the SF may also request information regarding sensing functions. Upon receiving the request for information regarding sensing functions, the base station sends the information regarding sensing functions to the SF in step ST2512. The SF can identify which sensing functions the base station possesses.

[0568] In step ST2514, the SF sends an information request to the UE regarding sensing functions. The UE may be, for example, a transmitting UE candidate. For instance, the UE may be a sensing-associated UE. The information regarding sensing functions may include, for example, information indicating whether it possesses the function of acting as a transmitting node. The information regarding sensing functions may also include information indicating whether it possesses the function of transmitting sensing resources. Not limited to the above information, the SF may also request information regarding sensing functions. Upon receiving the request for information regarding sensing functions, the UE sends the information regarding sensing functions to the SF in step ST2515. The SF can identify which sensing functions the UE possesses. The processes in steps ST2511 to ST2515 are collectively referred to as the "transmission process of information regarding sensing functions" in step ST2584.

[0569] In step ST2517, the SF determines the receiving base station. For example, the SF may select the receiving base station from among base stations that have the function of acting as a receiving node. In step ST2519, the SF determines the representative receiving base station. The SF may select a representative receiving base station from among the receiving base stations.

[0570] In step ST2521, the SF sends a UE information request to the representative receiving base station. The UE information request may include information about UE candidates and sensed associated UE information. It may also include information about sensing. Upon receiving the UE information request, the representative receiving base station derives its subordinate UEs. For example, the representative receiving base station may derive connected UEs. The representative receiving base station may also use the UE candidates and sensed associated UE information received from the SF to derive its subordinate UEs. In step ST2522, the representative receiving base station sends UE information to the SF. The SF can obtain the UE information subordinate to the representative receiving base station. The processes in steps ST2521 and ST2522 are collectively referred to as the "UE information transmission process" in step ST2585. In step ST2524, the SF decides which UE to send. The SF can use the UE information received from the representative receiving base station to decide which UE to send.

[0571] In step ST2526, the SF sends a sensing configuration request to the representative receiving base station. The sensing configuration request may include, for example, information related to the transmitting UE, information related to the receiving base station, sensing-related information, performance requirements for sensing processing in the NW, information related to the sensing-associated base station, information related to the sensing-associated UE, or combinations of the above information. Information related to the transmitting UE may, for example, be information about determining the transmitting UE. Information related to the receiving base station may, for example, be information about determining the receiving base station.

[0572] In step ST2527, sensing settings are performed on behalf of the receiving base station. Information contained in the sensing settings request can be used in the sensing settings. For example, it is considered that the transmitting UE will send sensing resources for sensing settings. In step ST2528, a sensing settings response is sent to the SF on behalf of the receiving base station. The sensing settings response contains sensing settings information. Thus, the SF can obtain the sensing settings information set on behalf of the receiving base station.

[0573] In step ST2531, the SF sends a sensing configuration request to other receiving base stations. The sensing configuration request contains sensing configuration information. This request may include, for example, information related to the transmitting UE, information related to the receiving base station, sensing-related information, performance requirements for sensing processing in the NW, information related to the sensing-associated base station, information related to the sensing-associated UE, or combinations of the above information. In step ST2532, sensing configuration is performed on behalf of other receiving base stations besides the receiving base station. The sensing configuration can utilize the information contained in the sensing configuration request. In step ST2533, the other receiving base stations send a sensing configuration response to the SF. The sensing configuration response may contain information regarding the feasibility of the sensing configuration. Thus, the SF can identify whether other receiving base stations have performed sensing configuration.

[0574] In step ST2535, the SF sends a sensing configuration request to the transmitting UE. The SF sends sensing configuration information to the transmitting UE. The sensing configuration request may include information related to the receiving base station and information representing the receiving base station. Thus, the transmitting UE can obtain the sensing configuration. In step ST2536, the transmitting UE performs sensing configuration. In step ST2537, the transmitting UE sends a sensing configuration response to the SF. The sensing configuration response may include information related to the UE, information on the feasibility of the sensing configuration, etc. The SF can identify whether the transmitting UE has performed sensing configuration.

[0575] Advance to Figure 26 The following is an explanation. In step ST2541, the SF sends a sensing request to the receiving base station. The sensing request may include, for example, sensing setting information, such as an identifier for the sensing setting, an identifier for the sensing resource setting, an identifier for the sensing measurement setting, and an identifier for the sensing measurement report setting. For example, it may include an identifier for the setting that requires sensing. For example, it may include activation / deactivation information for each setting. Upon receiving the sensing request, the receiving base station performs sensing measurement according to the requested sensing setting in steps ST2542 and ST2543. In step ST2544, the receiving base station sends a sensing request response to the SF. The sensing request response may include, for example, an identifier for the sensing setting that has performed sensing measurement and an identifier for the sensing resource setting. The SF can identify that each receiving base station has performed sensing processing.

[0576] In step ST2545, the SF sends a sensing request to the transmitting UE. The sensing request may include, for example, sensing setting information, such as an identifier for the sensing setting or an identifier for the sensing resource setting. The sensing request may also include, for example, an identifier for the setting for which sensing is requested to be performed. The sensing request may also include activation / deactivation information for each setting. Upon receiving the sensing request, the transmitting UE, in step ST2546, transmits sensing resources according to the sensing settings for which sensing is requested to be performed. In step ST2547, the transmitting UE sends a sensing request response to the SF. The sensing request response may include, for example, an identifier for the executed sensing setting or an identifier for the sensing resource setting. The SF can then recognize that the transmitting UE has performed sensing processing.

[0577] In step ST2551, the receiving base station sends the sensing measurement results to the SF. The receiving base station can report the sensing measurement results by executing the sensing settings requested. The sensing measurement results may include the measured sensing setting information, such as the identifier of the sensing resource setting, the identifier of the sensing measurement setting, the identifier of the sensing measurement report setting, etc. The sensing measurement results may include information related to the transmitting UE. The sensing measurement results may include measurement time information. The SF can identify which sensing resource the receiving base station received the measurement for. The processing of steps ST2541 to ST2551 is collectively referred to as "Sensing Measurement Process #3" in step ST2586.

[0578] In step ST2553, the SF uses the measurement results of the sensing resources received from the receiving base station to derive the sensing results. In step ST2554, the SF determines whether sensing needs to be performed again. If so, it can send a sensing request to the receiving base station or the sending UE again. For example, if the performance requirements for sensing processing in the NW are not met, such as if the sensing accuracy is not met, the SF can request to perform sensing again. When sensing does not need to be performed again, the process is as follows: Figure 13 The common processing is the sensing result transmission processing in step ST1384.

[0579] Therefore, sensing processing can be performed when the UE acts as the transmitting node and the base station acts as the receiving node.

[0580] The beam management method used in the public sensing is disclosed. The base station determines the beam used for sensing. The base station may determine the sensing beam separately from the communication beam. For example, the base station may use the measurement results of the sensing resources transmitted by the sensing beam to determine the sensing beam. For example, the measurement result reports of sensing RS, SRS, PRS, PRACH, and DM-RS may be used to determine the sensing beam.

[0581] A base station can use a communication beam as a sensing beam. The communication beam is not limited to the beam actually transmitting data; it can also be a beam set by the base station for the UE. For example, the base station can use the measurement result report of the RS corresponding to the communication beam at the UE to determine the sensing beam. For example, it can use the measurement result reports of SSB, CSI-RS, and PRS to determine the sensing beam. Alternatively, the base station can use information related to the transmitting UE and the communication beam between itself and the transmitting UE to determine the sensing beam. For example, it can use the beam transmitted by the transmitting UE in the peripheral direction of the communication beam between itself and the base station to determine the sensing beam.

[0582] The base station decides to transmit sensing resources using a sensing beam.

[0583] To determine the beam, the base station can send QCL information of the sensing resources to the UE. The QCL information indicates which RS the sensing resource is quasi-co-located with. The QCL information can be information associated with a signal or RS sent by the base station to the UE. For example, it can be a sensing resource, or an SSB, CSI-RS, or PRS.

[0584] To determine the beam, the base station can send spatial relationship information of sensing resources to the UE. This spatial relationship information indicates which RS (Responder Controller) the sensing resource is spatially related to. This information can be associated with signals or RSs transmitted by the UE to the base station. For example, it could be a sensing RS, SRS, PRS, PRACH, or DM-RS.

[0585] The base station can send the determined information related to the sensing beam to the transmitting UE or a transmitting UE candidate. The information related to the sensing beam may, for example, be the identifier of the sensing beam. The information related to the sensing beam may, for example, be information related to the sensing resources transmitted by the sensing beam. The information related to the sensing resources transmitted by the sensing beam may, for example, be the identifier of the sensing resource. The information related to the sensing resources transmitted by the sensing beam may, for example, be the QCL information or spatial relationship information of the sensing resource. The UE can use the QCL information or spatial relationship information to transmit the sensing resources.

[0586] The base station sends information related to the sensing beam to the transmitting UE or transmitting UE candidate. This information may be included in the sensing settings or in the sensing request. The sensing beam information may also be sent along with execution start / execution stop information.

[0587] The base station can configure multiple sensing beams for a transmitting UE or a transmitting UE candidate. It can also transmit information related to these multiple sensing beams. This is effective, for example, when the transmitting UE is sensing with multiple base stations. It is also effective when the transmitting UE is scanning the beams.

[0588] The transmitting UE or transmitting UE candidate can scan the sensing beams. The UE can transmit multiple sensing beams oriented in different directions. Beam scanning can also be performed using multiple sensing beams. The base station can configure multiple sensing beams for the transmitting UE or transmitting UE candidate. The transmitting UE or transmitting UE candidate can use the configuration of multiple sensing beams to scan the sensing beams.

[0589] The base station can use multiple communication beams with the transmitting UE to determine the sensing beam. Among the multiple sensing beams, the communication beam can be used as a subset. For example, the communication beam used by the transmitting UE for data communication, along with beams pointing towards its vicinity, can be used as the sensing beam.

[0590] The base station can select one or more sensing beams from a plurality of sensing beams. For example, the base station can receive sensing beams scanned and transmitted by the UE and determine the sensing beam that can obtain better sensing measurement results. The base station decides to instruct the UE to perform sensing using that sensing beam. The base station sends information related to that sensing beam to the UE. The UE uses that sensing beam to transmit sensing resources. The base station uses that sensing beam to receive sensing resources and perform sensing measurements.

[0591] The scanning of the sensing beam can be performed before or during sensing execution. The scanning results of the sensing beam can be used during sensing execution.

[0592] For example, a base station performs a sensing configuration that includes information related to multiple sensing beams. A UE receiving the sensing configuration from a SF or base station uses this configuration to transmit sensing resources using the scanned sensing beams. The base station receives the sensing resources of the sensing beams scanned using the sensing configuration and performs sensing measurements. The base station decides to use the sensing beam that has yielded good sensing measurement results to perform sensing. The base station decides to instruct the UE to perform sensing using the determined sensing beam's sensing configuration and sends a sensing request within that configuration. The UE transmits the sensing resources of the sensing beams according to the received sensing configuration. The base station receives the sensing resources and performs sensing measurements.

[0593] Therefore, the base station can derive a sensing beam for detecting and sensing targets. This allows for more accurate sensing results when targeting specific targets.

[0594] Other methods for performing sensing configuration on behalf of the receiving base station are disclosed. The SF sends a sensing configuration request to the representative receiving base station. The sensing configuration request may include information related to the receiving base station and information related to the transmitting UE or a transmitting UE candidate. Sensing configuration is performed on behalf of the receiving base station. Sensing configuration can be performed based on the sensing configuration request.

[0595] The representative base station sends sensing configuration information to other receiving base stations. It can send a sensing configuration request or include the sensing configuration information within the request. Other receiving base stations use the received sensing configuration information to perform their own sensing configurations. Other receiving base stations then send a sensing configuration response to the representative base station. This response may include the sensing configuration information and information indicating whether the sensing configuration is complete. The representative base station can then identify whether other receiving base stations have completed their sensing configurations.

[0596] The representative base station sends sensing configuration information to the SF. This information can include whether other receiving base stations have completed sensing configuration, and related information about other receiving base stations that have completed sensing configuration. The representative base station can also send a sensing configuration response to the SF, which may contain the aforementioned information. The SF can obtain the sensing configuration information generated by the representative base station and the information regarding whether other receiving base stations have completed sensing configuration.

[0597] SF can exclude receiving base stations that have not completed sensing setup from the receiving base stations performing sensing measurements. SF can also change receiving base stations that have not completed sensing setup to other receiving base stations. SF can then use the changed receiving base station to perform sensing setup using the method disclosed above. Because the receiving base station can be excluded or changed based on its condition, a more suitable receiving base station can be selected.

[0598] The SF performs sensing configuration on the transmitting UE. The sensing configuration method for the transmitting UE can be appropriately applied using the methods disclosed above.

[0599] Figure 27 This diagram illustrates other sequence examples of sensing processing when the UE becomes the transmitting node and the base station becomes the receiving node. An example is shown representing the receiving base station performing sensing configurations for other receiving base stations. (Regarding...) Figure 13 , Figure 25 , Figure 26 Common steps are labeled with the same step number, and common descriptions are omitted. The processing of steps ST1380 to ST2524 and steps ST2535 to ST1384 ​​is similar to... Figure 13 , Figure 25 or Figure 26 Common.

[0600] In step ST2601, the SF sends a sensing configuration request to the representative receiving base station. The sensing configuration request may include, for example, information related to the transmitting UE, information related to the receiving base station, sensing-related information, performance requirements for sensing processing in the NW, information related to the sensing associated base station, or combinations of the above information. In step ST2602, the representative receiving base station performs sensing configuration. The sensing configuration in the representative receiving base station can utilize the information contained in the sensing configuration request.

[0601] In step ST2603, the representative receiving base station sends a sensing configuration request to other receiving base stations. Sensing configuration information may also be included in the sensing configuration request. The sensing configuration request may include, for example, information related to the transmitting UE, information related to the receiving base station, information related to the representative receiving base station, sensing-related information, performance requirements for sensing processing in the NW, information related to the sensing-associated base station, or a combination of the above information. In step ST2604, the other receiving base stations perform sensing configuration. The received sensing configuration information can be used in the sensing configuration. Therefore, the other receiving base stations can perform sensing configuration. In step ST2605, the other receiving base stations send a sensing configuration response to the representative receiving base station. The sensing configuration response may include information on whether sensing configuration has been performed. The sensing configuration response may also include sensing configuration information. Therefore, the representative receiving base station can identify whether the other receiving base stations have performed sensing configuration.

[0602] In step ST2606, the receiving base station sends sensing configuration information to the SF. The sensing configuration information may be included in the sensing configuration response. The sensing configuration response may include information on whether each receiving base station has performed sensing configuration. The SF can identify the sensing configuration information and whether each receiving base station has performed sensing configuration.

[0603] If other receiving base stations are unable to respond to a sensing setup request from a representative receiving base station, a sensing setup request rejection may be sent instead of a sensing setup response in steps ST2605 and ST2606. Alternatively, the sensing setup request rejection may be included in the sensing setup response. The representative receiving base station may send the sensing setup request rejection and information related to the receiving base station that made the rejection to the SF. This can be included, for example, in the sensing setup response. The SF can identify the receiving base station that made the sensing setup request rejection. The methods disclosed above can be appropriately applied to the processing of the receiving base station that made the sensing setup request rejection. Thus, for example, a receiving base station more suitable for sensing processing can be determined.

[0604] Communication between receiving base stations can be performed using an interface between base stations. For example, communication between receiving base stations can be performed using the Xn interface. The interface between receiving base stations can be established before a sensing configuration request is sent between the receiving base stations. Alternatively, the sensing configuration request can be sent during the interface establishment process between receiving base stations.

[0605] Therefore, each receiving base station can perform sensing settings. Since the signaling amount between the SF and the receiving base station can be reduced, the signaling load on the system can be alleviated.

[0606] Other methods for performing sensing configuration on a representative receiving base station are disclosed. The methods disclosed above may be appropriately applied to methods for requesting sensing configuration on a representative receiving base station and for requesting sensing configuration on other receiving base stations.

[0607] The receiving base station decides to transmit the UE. The receiving base station may use candidate UEs and sensed associated UE information received from the SF in this decision. Alternatively, the receiving base station may choose not to use candidate UEs and sensed associated UE information in this decision. The receiving base station may also use the capability information of subordinate UEs to decide which UE to transmit.

[0608] The receiving base station sends sensing configuration information to the transmitting UE. The transmitting UE uses the received sensing configuration information to perform sensing configuration. The transmitting UE then sends a sensing configuration response to the receiving base station. The sensing configuration response may include the sensing configuration information, as well as other information indicating whether the receiving base station has completed sensing configuration. The receiving base station can then identify whether the transmitting UE has completed sensing configuration.

[0609] This means that the transmitting base station can exclude transmitting UEs that have not completed sensing configuration, or it can change to another UE. This means the transmitting base station can use the method disclosed above to perform sensing configuration on the changed transmitting UE. Because the transmitting UE can be excluded or changed based on its status, a more suitable transmitting UE can be selected.

[0610] The representative base station sends sensing configuration information to the SF. It can send information on whether other receiving base stations have completed sensing configuration, and information related to other receiving base stations that have completed sensing configuration. It can also send information on whether the transmitting UE has completed sensing configuration, and information related to transmitting UEs that have completed sensing configuration. The representative base station can also send a sensing configuration response to the SF, which may include the above information. The SF can identify the sensing configuration information of the representative base station, whether other receiving base stations have completed sensing configuration, and whether the transmitting UE has completed sensing configuration.

[0611] Figure 28This diagram illustrates other sequence examples of sensing processing when the UE becomes the transmitting node and the base station becomes the receiving node. An example is shown representing the receiving base station deciding to transmit the UE. For... Figure 13 , Figure 25 , Figure 26 , Figure 27 Common steps are labeled with the same step number, and common descriptions are omitted. The processing of steps ST1380 to ST2605 is similar to... Figure 13 , Figure 25 or Figure 27 Common.

[0612] In step ST2701, the receiving base station decides to transmit the UE. In step ST2711, the receiving base station sends a sensing configuration request to the transmitting UE. The receiving base station also sends sensing configuration information to the transmitting UE. The sensing configuration request may include information related to the receiving base station and information related to the receiving base station. In step ST2712, the transmitting UE performs sensing configuration. In step ST2713, the transmitting UE sends a sensing configuration response to the receiving base station. The sensing configuration response may include information related to the UE, sensing configuration information, and information on whether sensing configuration has been performed. The receiving base station can identify whether the transmitting UE has performed sensing configuration. In step ST2721, the receiving base station sends a sensing configuration response to the SF. The sensing configuration response may include information related to the transmitting UE that has performed sensing configuration, sensing configuration information, and information on whether the transmitting UE has performed sensing configuration. The SF can identify whether the transmitting UE has performed sensing configuration. If the transmitting UE has not performed sensing configuration, the disclosed method can be appropriately applied. The processes of steps ST2601, ST2602, ST2603, ST2604, ST2605, ST2701, ST2711, ST2712, ST2713 and ST2721 are collectively referred to as “sensor setting process #2” in step ST2780.

[0613] Communication between the receiving base station and the transmitting UE can utilize the base station-UE interface. For example, RRC signaling can be used. Large amounts of information can be sent. For example, MAC signaling can be used. Transmission can be initiated as early as possible. For example, L1 / L2 signaling can also be used. It can be included in the DCI. Transmission can be initiated even earlier.

[0614] This allows for earlier sensing configuration of the transmitting UE. Furthermore, by reducing signaling between the SF and the transmitting UE, the signaling load on the system can be reduced.

[0615] Disclosed is that a sensing request is sent by an SF to a transmitting UE and a receiving base station. As an alternative method, the sensing request may also be performed by a representative receiving base station. For example, the representative receiving base station may send a sensing request to another receiving base station. For example, the representative receiving base station may send a sensing request to the transmitting UE. Since the sensing request does not need to be performed by the SF, the sensing request can be implemented earlier.

[0616] Each receiving base station may send a sensing measurement result to the representative receiving base station. The representative receiving base station may send the sensing measurement results of each receiving base station to the SF. The amount of signaling between the receiving base stations and the SF can be reduced.

[0617] Figure 29 It is a diagram illustrating another example sequence of sensing processing when a UE serves as a transmitting node and a base station serves as a receiving node. An example in which a representative receiving base station sends sensing requests to other receiving nodes and a transmitting UE is shown. For the same steps as Figure 13 , Figure 25 , Figure 28 , the same step numbers are marked, and common descriptions are omitted. The processing of step ST1380, step ST2584, step ST2517, step ST2519, and step ST2780 is the same as that of Figure 13 , Figure 25 or Figure 28 is common.

[0618] In step ST2801, the SF sends a sensing request to the representative receiving base station. The sensing request may, for example, include information related to the receiving base station that performs the sensing request. The sensing request may, for example, include sensing configuration information, such as an identifier of a sensing configuration, an identifier of a sensing resource configuration, an identifier of a sensing measurement configuration, and an identifier of a sensing measurement report configuration. The identifier of the configuration for which sensing execution is required may be included. Activation / deactivation information for each configuration may also be included. Such information may be included in association with information related to the receiving base station. In step ST2803, the representative receiving base station that has received the sensing request performs sensing measurement by adopting the sensing configuration that requests the base station itself to perform sensing.

[0619] In step ST2802, the representative receiving base station sends a sensing request to other receiving base stations. The other receiving base stations may, for example, be receiving base stations that have sent a sensing configuration request in step ST2603. The other receiving base stations may, for example, be base stations included in the information related to the receiving base station that performs the sensing request received in step ST2801. The sensing request may, for example, include sensing configuration information, such as an identifier of a sensing configuration, an identifier of a sensing resource configuration, an identifier of a sensing measurement configuration, an identifier of a sensing measurement report configuration, and the identifier of the configuration for which sensing execution is required. Activation / deactivation information for each configuration may also be included. In step ST2804, the receiving base station that has received the sensing request performs sensing measurement by adopting the sensing configuration that requests the base station itself to perform sensing.

[0620] In step ST2805, other receiving base stations send a sensing request response to the representative receiving base station. The sensing request response may include, for example, an identifier of the sensing settings being performed and an identifier of the sensing resource settings.

[0621] In step ST2811, the receiving base station sends a sensing request to the transmitting UE. The receiving base station sends sensing configuration information to the transmitting UE. This indicates that the receiving base station can send information related to the receiving base station to the transmitting UE. The sensing request may inclu...

Claims

1. A communication system, characterized in that, include: The base station corresponds to the fifth-generation wireless access system. as well as A communication terminal, which is connected to the base station. A plurality of transmitting nodes for transmitting sensing resources and a receiving node for receiving the sensing resources are determined from at least one of the base station and the communication terminal. Multiple transmitting nodes transmit the sensing resources. The receiving node receives one or more of the sensing resources reflected by the sensing target and performs sensing measurements.

2. A communication system, characterized in that, include: The base station corresponds to the fifth-generation wireless access system. as well as A communication terminal, which is connected to the base station. When the communication terminal is in a radio resource control connection state, the base station sends sensing settings to the communication terminal. The communication terminal uses the sensing settings obtained when it is in the state of the radio resource control connection to perform sensing measurements when the communication terminal is not in the state of the radio resource control connection.

3. The communication system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, When the communication terminal is not in the state of the radio resource control connection, it performs sensing and measurement through non-3GPP sensing, which is a sensing technology that does not use the methods specified in 3GPP.

4. A communication system, characterized in that, include: The base station corresponds to the fifth-generation wireless access system. as well as A communication terminal, which is connected to the base station. The communication terminal performs sensing measurements based on sensing resources transmitted by the base station and reflected by the sensing target. Based on the degradation of communication quality between the base station and the communication terminal, the measurement results of the sensing measurement are sent to the network node of the fifth-generation wireless access system using non-3GPP access, which is a communication method that does not use the methods specified in 3GPP.

5. A communication system, characterized in that, include: The base station corresponds to the fifth-generation wireless access system. as well as A communication terminal, which is connected to the base station. The communication terminal sends sensing resources. The base station receives the sensing resources reflected by the sensing target and performs sensing measurements.

6. A communication system, characterized in that, include: The base station corresponds to the fifth-generation wireless access system. as well as A communication terminal, which is connected to the base station. The multiple communication terminals, acting as transmitting nodes, transmit sensing resources. The base station or the communication terminal, acting as a receiving node, receives the sensing resources reflected by the sensing target and performs sensing measurements.

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