A high-efficiency pollination tree configuration method based on pollination affinity in an orchard

Abstract

The application provides a high-efficiency pollination tree configuration method based on pollination affinity in an orchard, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation. The configuration method comprises the following steps: variety screening and initial judgment of affinity, evaluation of spatial adaptability, determination of an effective pollination radius, calculation of a theoretical configuration proportion P of pollination trees, determination of an inter-row circulation layout mode according to the calculated P value, and completion of planting. The application combines the pollen characteristics of pollination varieties, quantitative testing of affinity and a configuration proportion calculation model for the first time, and realizes the transformation of pollination tree configuration from experience to science. The application method can significantly improve the fruit setting rate of main varieties, and guarantee and even improve the commodity quality of fruits, so that the yield and quality of the macadamia orchard are synergistically increased, and the economic benefits are remarkable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of crop cultivation technology, and in particular relates to a method for configuring efficient pollinator trees in orchards based on pollination affinity. Background Technology

[0002] Macadamia spp. exhibits typical self-incompatibility, resulting in extremely low fruit set rates when established as a single variety in orchards, severely limiting yield. In production, the common practice is to plant pollinator trees to improve cross-pollination rates. However, existing pollinator tree planting techniques suffer from the following prominent problems: (1) The configuration is largely blind. Usually, the matching is based only on the degree of coincidence of the flowering period of the varieties, without systematic consideration of pollen viability, compatibility combination and the impact of pollination on fruit quality, resulting in unstable configuration effect and limited yield and quality improvement effect.

[0003] (2) Ignoring the characteristics of the main cultivated varieties. The pollen acceptance characteristics of the main cultivated varieties and their preference for specific pollen were not fully considered, and the configuration scheme was not targeted.

[0004] (3) Lack of quantitative guidance. The proportion and arrangement of pollinating trees are mostly based on experience, and there is a lack of scientific models based on experimental data, making it difficult to maximize pollination efficiency.

[0005] (4) May introduce undesirable traits. Randomly selected pollinating trees may have a negative impact on the fruit size and quality of the main cultivated variety, resulting in increased yield but decreased quality.

[0006] In addition, the macadamia nut germplasm HAES826 is characterized by high pollen viability, long flowering period, and good compatibility with several major cultivated varieties. However, there are currently no reports of using HAES826 as a core pollinating germplasm and scientifically configuring it using quantitative models.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a scientific, precise, quantifiable method for configuring pollinator trees in macadamia orchards that can balance yield and quality. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for configuring efficient pollinator trees in orchards based on pollination affinity. Based on the pollen characteristics of pollinator varieties and affinity test data with the main cultivated varieties, scientific calculations and layouts are performed to achieve a synergistic improvement in pollination efficiency, fruit set rate and fruit commercial quality.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for configuring efficient pollinator trees in orchards based on pollination affinity includes the following steps: S1. Variety Selection and Preliminary Compatibility Assessment: Select the target main cultivar and candidate pollinator varieties. Both must simultaneously meet the following compatibility indicators: (1) The pollen germination rate of the candidate pollinating varieties shall not be less than 65%; (2) The number of days of overlap between the peak flowering period of the main cultivated variety and the candidate pollinating variety shall not be less than 7 days; (3) The fruit set rate Sc after artificial pollination of the main variety with pollen from the candidate pollinating variety satisfies: Sc≥2×S0, where S0 is the natural fruit set rate of the main variety; S2. Spatial adaptability assessment and determination of effective pollination radius: The effective pollination radius R of candidate pollinating varieties relative to the main cultivated variety is determined, and candidate pollinating varieties with an effective pollination radius R > 10m are screened. S3. Calculation of the theoretical configuration ratio of pollinator trees: The theoretical configuration ratio P of pollinator trees is calculated according to the following formula: P=k×(Sc-S0) / Sc×100% In the formula: Sc is the fruit set rate of the candidate pollinating variety after artificial pollination of the main variety; S0 is the natural fruit set rate of the main variety; k is the correction coefficient determined based on the affinity level. S4. Orchard row-column layout planting: Determine the inter-row cyclic layout pattern based on the calculated P-value and complete the planting: When P < 22.5%, a row rotation pattern of "4 rows of main varieties + 1 row of pollinating varieties" is adopted. When P ≥ 22.5%, a row rotation pattern of "3 rows of main varieties + 1 row of pollinating varieties" is adopted. In this arrangement, all pollinating varieties are planted in the pollinating variety row, and all main varieties are planted in the main variety row. No varieties are mixed within each row.

[0010] Preferably, if any one of the indicators in step S1 or step S2 fails to meet the requirements, the candidate pollinating variety is eliminated and a new candidate pollinating variety is selected for screening again.

[0011] Preferably, in step S1, the method for determining the pollen germination rate in vitro is as follows: collect flowers of candidate pollinating varieties that are about to open, and allow the anthers to naturally dehisce and release pollen under a constant temperature of 25°C; inoculate the pollen onto an agar medium containing 10% sucrose and 0.01% boric acid, and after culturing at 25°C for 4 hours, count the germination rate under a microscope; the number of pollen grains measured each time is not less than 500, and the experiment is repeated 3 times.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1 or step S3, the method for determining the fruit set rate is as follows: 30 days after pollination treatment, the number of fruits set is counted, with no less than 5 plants investigated for each treatment, and 2 inflorescences marked on each plant in four directions, and the fruit set rate is calculated.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the method for determining the effective pollination radius R is as follows: Under isolation conditions, candidate pollinator plants were arranged at multiple locations at different distances from the main plant sample plants, with distance gradients of 5m, 10m, 15m, 20m, and 30m. The sample size of the main plant sample was no less than 5 plants for each distance gradient, and the observation was repeated for no less than 3 years. After pollination, the fruit set rate of the main varieties at each distance was counted, and the increase in fruit set rate at each distance compared with the natural control was calculated. The maximum distance corresponding to the first drop in the improvement ratio to less than 50% is determined as the effective pollination radius R of the candidate pollinating variety.

[0014] More preferably, in step S2, the following spatial adaptability determination and layout adjustment are performed based on the effective pollination radius R: When R≥15m, it is determined that the direct inter-row pollination suitability is qualified, and the layout is carried out according to the conventional row and plant spacing. When 10m < R < 15m, the compatibility of direct inter-row pollination is considered to be basically qualified, and the spatial layout is corrected by shortening the spacing between adjacent pollinating tree rows or plant spacing.

[0015] Preferably, in step S3, the correction coefficient k is determined based on the compatibility level between the main variety and the candidate pollinator variety. The compatibility level is judged by the increase in fruit set rate, which is (Sc-S0) / S0×100%. The specific value selection rules are as follows: High affinity: Fruit setting rate increased by ≥500%, or Sc≥40%, k=0.50; Medium affinity: 200% ≤ fruit set rate increase < 500%, k = 0.45; Low affinity: 100% ≤ fruit set rate increase < 200%, k = 0.40.

[0016] Preferably, in the row-column layout of step S4, the distance from any main plant to the nearest pollinator plant does not exceed the effective pollination radius R.

[0017] Preferably, the pollinating variety is HAES826, the main cultivar is Guire No. 1, and the orchard is established and planted using a row rotation pattern of "3 rows of main cultivar + 1 row of pollinating variety".

[0018] More preferably, it also includes supporting management steps after planting: evenly place 6 to 10 strong bee hives per hectare, with the hives distributed in the interior and edge areas of the orchard; spray the leaves with a concentration of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once 15 days before flowering and once 7 days after flowering; maintain the relative soil moisture content at 65% to 75% from 7 days before flowering to 7 days after flowering.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention uses three indicators—pollen viability, flowering time synchronicity, and fruit set rate improvement—to complete the initial screening of pollinating varieties. It further introduces the effective pollination radius to conduct spatial adaptability assessment, eliminating ineffective combinations from two aspects: biological compatibility and field space coverage. This completely solves the problems of low pollination efficiency and unstable yield increase caused by traditional configurations that only consider flowering time and blindly match varieties.

[0020] This invention establishes a formula for calculating the configuration ratio based on the difference between artificial pollination fruit setting rate and natural fruit setting rate, and introduces an affinity level correction coefficient to calibrate the ratio. This ensures sufficient pollen supply while avoiding an excessively high proportion of pollinator trees that crowd out the land resources of the main varieties, thus achieving a balance between pollination efficiency and land utilization. It upgrades the configuration of pollinator trees from experience-based judgment to a quantifiable and reproducible scientific design.

[0021] This invention forms a complete standardized process from variety selection, parameter measurement, ratio calculation to layout design. The methods for measuring key indicators are clear and the operation steps are replicable. It is applicable to the construction of pollination systems in macadamia orchards with different main varieties and different terrains. It can be applied to both large-scale orchard establishment and renovation of old orchards.

[0022] After three consecutive years of field verification, orchards configured using the method of this invention have significantly higher average fruit set rate, single fruit weight, and kernel yield of first-grade fruit than orchards configured using traditional experience. At the same time, the interannual coefficient of variation of fruit set rate has been greatly reduced, the orchard's ability to withstand adverse weather during the flowering period has been enhanced, and the overall economic benefits per unit area have been significantly improved. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for configuring efficient pollinator trees in orchards based on pollination affinity according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] This invention provides a method for configuring efficient pollinator trees in orchards based on pollination affinity, as illustrated in the flowchart below. Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1. Variety selection and preliminary compatibility assessment: Select the target main cultivar and candidate pollinating cultivars, both of which must simultaneously meet the following compatibility criteria: (1) The pollen germination rate of candidate pollinating varieties is not less than 65%; this indicator ensures that the pollen of the pollinating varieties has normal fertilization ability, and eliminates inefficient germplasm with insufficient pollen viability that cannot be fertilized even if it is spread to the stigma, which is the basis for effective pollination.

[0025] In this invention, the preferred method for determining the pollen germination rate in vitro is as follows: collect flowers of candidate pollinating varieties that are about to open, and allow the anthers to naturally dehisce and release pollen under a constant temperature of 25°C; inoculate the pollen onto an agar medium containing 10% sucrose and 0.01% boric acid, and after culturing at 25°C for 4 hours, count the germination rate under a microscope; the number of pollen grains measured each time is not less than 500, and the experiment is repeated 3 times.

[0026] (2) The number of days of overlap between the peak flowering period of the main variety and the candidate pollinating variety shall not be less than 7 days; this indicator ensures that the flowering window of the main variety and the pollinating variety has sufficient overlap, leaving enough effective pollination time for bee pollination and pollen dispersal.

[0027] In this invention, the preferred peak flowering period refers to the time period during which the flowering volume reaches a peak of 50% or more.

[0028] (3) The fruit set rate Sc after artificial pollination of the main variety with pollen of the candidate pollinating variety satisfies: Sc≥2×S0, where S0 is the natural fruit set rate of the main variety; this indicator verifies that the affinity of the candidate pollinating combination meets the standard, confirms that cross-pollination can bring significant fruit set improvement, excludes combinations that meet in flowering period but have poor affinity and weak yield increase effect, and ensures that the configuration of pollinating trees has actual yield increase value.

[0029] In this invention, the preferred method for determining the fruit set rate is as follows: 30 days after pollination treatment, the number of fruits set is counted, with no less than 5 plants investigated for each treatment, and 2 inflorescences marked on each plant in four directions, and the fruit set rate is calculated.

[0030] If any indicator of a pollinating variety fails to meet the requirements, the candidate pollinating variety is eliminated, and a new candidate pollinating variety is selected and the screening process is repeated.

[0031] S2. Spatial adaptability assessment and determination of effective pollination radius: The effective pollination radius R of candidate pollinating varieties relative to the main cultivated variety was determined, and candidate pollinating varieties with an effective pollination radius R > 10m were screened. This indicator ensures, on the one hand, the effective pollen coverage distance of a single pollinating tree, which can be adapted to the row and column layout of the orchard's conventional row and plant spacing, ensuring that all main cultivated plants fall within the effective pollination range and avoiding pollination blind spots and low-yield zones in the middle; on the other hand, it eliminates germplasm with too short an effective pollen dispersal distance, thereby improving land utilization.

[0032] In this invention, the preferred method for determining the effective pollination radius R is as follows: Under isolation conditions, candidate pollinator plants are arranged at multiple locations at different distances from the main variety plants, with distance gradients of 5m, 10m, 15m, 20m, and 30m. The sample size of the main variety at each distance gradient is no less than 5 plants, and the observation is repeated for no less than 3 years. After pollination, the fruit set rate of the main variety at each distance is counted, and the improvement ratio of the fruit set rate at each distance compared with the natural control fruit set rate is calculated. The maximum distance at which the improvement ratio first drops to less than 50% is determined as the effective pollination radius R of the candidate pollinator variety.

[0033] In this invention, it is further preferred to perform the following spatial adaptability judgment and layout adjustment based on the effective pollination radius R: when R≥15m, it is judged that the direct inter-row pollination adaptability is qualified, and the layout is carried out according to the conventional row and plant spacing; when 10m<R<15m, it is judged that the direct inter-row pollination adaptability is basically qualified, and the spatial layout is corrected by shortening the row spacing or plant spacing of adjacent pollinating trees.

[0034] In the same step S1, if the pollinator variety does not meet the requirements (R < 10m), the candidate pollinator variety is eliminated and a new candidate pollinator variety is selected to start the screening process again.

[0035] S3. Calculation of the theoretical configuration ratio of pollinator trees: The theoretical configuration ratio P of pollinator trees is calculated using the following formula: P = k × (Sc - S0) / Sc × 100% In the formula: Sc is the fruit set rate of the candidate pollinator variety after artificial pollination of the main variety; S0 is the natural fruit set rate of the main variety; k is the correction coefficient determined based on the affinity level. The method for determining the fruit set rate is the same as step S1.

[0036] In this invention, the preferred correction coefficient k is determined based on the compatibility level between the main variety and the candidate pollinator variety. The compatibility level is judged by the increase in fruit set rate, which is (Sc-S0) / S0×100%. The specific value selection rules are as follows: High affinity: Fruit set rate increased by ≥500%, or Sc≥40%, k=0.50; the higher the affinity, the greater the yield potential of the pollinating variety, and the larger the corresponding k value. Appropriately increasing the proportion of pollinating trees can fully realize the fruit set advantage of high affinity combination and ensure high and stable yield of the whole orchard.

[0037] Medium affinity: 200% ≤ fruit set rate increase < 500%, k=0.45.

[0038] Low compatibility: 100% ≤ fruit set rate increase < 200%, k = 0.40. The lower the compatibility, the more limited the upper limit of pollen production, and the smaller the corresponding k value. Appropriately reduce the proportion of pollinators to avoid excessively crowding out the planting space of the main varieties and ensure the overall yield per unit of land.

[0039] In this invention, when multiple candidate pollinating varieties meet the criteria of steps S1 to S3, it is preferable to determine the candidate pollinating variety with a lower P value as the final pollinating variety to save land; when multiple candidate pollinating varieties have similar P values, it is even more preferable to determine the candidate pollinating variety with a greater increase in fruit setting rate as the final pollinating variety.

[0040] S4. Orchard row-column layout planting: Determine the inter-row cyclic layout pattern based on the calculated P-value and complete the planting: When P < 22.5%, a row rotation pattern of "4 rows of main varieties + 1 row of pollinating varieties" is adopted; when P < 22.5%, P is set to 20%, that is, the proportion of pollinating varieties is 1 / 5 and the proportion of main varieties is 4 / 5.

[0041] When P ≥ 22.5%, a row rotation pattern of "3 rows of main varieties + 1 row of pollinating varieties" is adopted; when P ≥ 22.5%, P is taken as 25%, that is, the proportion of pollinating varieties is 1 / 4 and the proportion of main varieties is 3 / 4.

[0042] In this arrangement, all pollinating varieties are planted in the pollinating variety row, and all main varieties are planted in the main variety row. No varieties are mixed within each row.

[0043] In this invention, it is preferred that the distance from any main plant to the nearest pollinating plant does not exceed the effective pollination radius R.

[0044] In this invention, the preferred pollinator variety is HAES826, and the main cultivated variety is Guire No. 1. The orchard is established using a row rotation pattern of "3 rows of main cultivated variety + 1 row of pollinator variety". As an alternative method, HAES826 seedlings can be obtained through asexual reproduction methods such as grafting and cuttings to maintain the stability of their excellent pollen characteristics. Asexually propagated seedlings can enter the initial flowering stage in the 2nd to 3rd year after planting, and the peak flowering stage in the 4th to 5th year. The pollinator variety HAES826 of this invention is disclosed in "Preliminary Construction of Core Germplasm of Macadamia Nuts" (Wu Chao, Li Zhiqiang, Tao Liang, et al. Preliminary Construction of Core Germplasm of Macadamia Nuts [J]. Tropical Agricultural Science and Technology, 2025, 48 (2): 1-7. DOI:10.16005 / j.cnki.tast.2025.02.001.). The main cultivated variety of this invention, Guire No. 1, was independently bred by the Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Research Institute and has been planted on a large scale.

[0045] In this invention, the following are further preferred post-planting management steps: Place 6-10 strong bee hives evenly per hectare, with the hives distributed in the interior and periphery of the orchard; this ensures sufficient and uniform cross-pollination throughout the orchard, matching the biological characteristics of macadamia nuts, which are self-incompatible and highly dependent on insect pollination.

[0046] Spray the leaves with a 0.3% concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate once 15 days before flowering and once 7 days after flowering; this can supplement key nutrients during the flowering period and ensure pollination and fertilization.

[0047] Maintain a soil relative moisture content of 65% to 75% for 7 days before and 7 days after flowering. This stage is the critical window for pollination and fertilization of macadamia nuts. The above-mentioned moisture content can maintain the normal water physiological state of the tree and ensure the physiological activity of the entire pollination and fertilization process.

[0048] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] Example 1 The steps for configuring pollinator trees in a macadamia orchard with Gui Re No. 1 as the main cultivar are as follows: S1. Variety selection and preliminary compatibility assessment: Gui Re No. 1 macadamia nut was selected as the main cultivated variety, and HAES826 was selected as the candidate pollinator variety.

[0050] Pollen viability determination: Flowers of HAES826 that were about to open were collected and the anthers were allowed to dehisce and release pollen naturally at a constant temperature of 25℃. The pollen was then inoculated into an agar medium containing 10% sucrose and 0.01% boric acid. After incubation at 25℃ for 4 hours, the pollen germination rate was examined under a microscope and found to be 68.5%, which meets the requirement of ≥65%. Flowering synchronicity: The peak flowering period of the two varieties (the time period when the flowering volume reaches more than 50% of the peak) was observed, and the number of overlapping days of the peak flowering period was 9 days, which meets the requirement of no less than 7 days; Fruit set rate verification: The natural fruit set rate of Guire No. 1 is S0=18%; after artificial pollination with HAES826 pollen, the fruit set rate is Sc=42%, which meets the requirement of Sc≥2×S0 (42≥36).

[0051] All three indicators met the standards, and the initial assessment of affinity was passed.

[0052] S2. Spatial adaptability assessment and determination of effective pollination radius: A pollen dispersal distance experiment was conducted under isolated conditions: HAES826 plants were placed at different locations 5m, 10m, 15m, 20m, and 30m away from the Guire 1 plant sample, with 5 plants at each distance gradient, and observations were conducted continuously for 3 years. The fruit set rate of Guire 1 at each distance was counted, and the improvement rate compared to the natural control was calculated. The maximum distance at which the improvement rate first dropped to less than 50% was measured to be 18m, i.e., the effective pollination radius R = 18m.

[0053] If R=18m>10m and≥15m, it is determined that the direct inter-row pollination adaptability is qualified and the conventional row and plant spacing can be used.

[0054] S3. Calculation of the theoretical configuration ratio of pollinator trees: The increase in fruit set rate is calculated as follows: (Sc-S0) / S0×100%=(42-18) / 18×100%≈133.3% (≥100% and <200%), which belongs to the low affinity level, and the corresponding correction coefficient k=0.40.

[0055] Substituting into the formula to calculate the configuration ratio: P=k×(Sc-S0) / Sc×100%=0.40×(42-18) / 42×100%≈22.86%.

[0056] S4. Pollinator variety finalized: Based on the assessment results that the plantation is suitable for the given space and that the configuration ratio meets the production requirements, HAES826 has been selected as the final pollinating variety for this plantation.

[0057] S5, Orchard row-column layout: Since P = 22.86% ≥ 22.5%, we take P as 25%, meaning the pollinating variety accounts for 1 / 4 and the main variety accounts for 3 / 4. We adopt a row rotation pattern of "3 rows of main varieties + 1 row of pollinating varieties". All pollinating variety rows are planted with HAES826, and all main variety rows are planted with Guire 1. No variety mixing is allowed within each row. The layout ensures that the distance from any main variety plant to the nearest pollinating tree does not exceed 18m.

[0058] S6. Planting and Supporting Management: Complete the planting according to the layout plan, and then implement the supporting management measures: place 8 strong colony beehives evenly per hectare, with the beehives distributed inside and around the edge of the orchard; spray the leaves with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once 15 days before flowering and once 7 days after flowering; maintain the relative soil moisture content at 65%~75% from 7 days before flowering to 7 days after flowering.

[0059] Orchards configured using the method of this embodiment were compared with those configured using traditional experience. The observation data for the third year are shown in Table 1. The fruit set rate, single fruit weight, kernel yield of first-grade fruit, and overall yield of the orchard configured using the pollinator tree method of this invention were all superior to those of the traditional orchard. Furthermore, a t-test showed that the differences between the orchard of this invention and the traditional orchard in fruit set rate (t=4.32, df=8, p=0.002) and yield per mu (t=3.87, df=8, p=0.005) were statistically significant. p The value <0.05 demonstrates the feasibility and superiority of the method of the present invention.

[0060] Table 1. Comparison of orchard yields between orchards configured using the method described in this embodiment and orchards configured using traditional experience.

[0061] Example 2 Screening and verification of pollinating varieties with HAES863 as the main cultivated variety The macadamia nut variety HAES863 was selected as the main cultivated variety, and HAES826 as the candidate pollinator variety. Preliminary compatibility assessment was conducted using the S1 step. Pollen viability: The in vitro germination rate of HAES826 pollen is 68.5%, meeting the requirement of ≥65%; Flowering synchronization: The peak flowering periods of the two varieties overlap by 8 days, which meets the requirement of no less than 7 days. Fruit set rate verification: The natural fruit set rate of HAES863 is S0=25%, and the fruit set rate after artificial pollination with HAES826 pollen is Sc=48%. Calculation shows that 2×S0=50%, and Sc=48%<50%, which does not meet the requirement of Sc≥2×S0.

[0062] According to the screening rules, if any indicator in step S1 fails to meet the standard, the candidate variety combination will be eliminated. Therefore, HAES826 is not suitable as the pollinator variety for HAES863 and will not proceed to the subsequent steps S2 to S6. A new candidate pollinator variety needs to be selected and the screening process should be carried out again.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for configuring efficient pollinator trees in orchards based on pollination affinity, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Variety Selection and Preliminary Compatibility Assessment: Select the target main cultivar and candidate pollinator varieties. Both must simultaneously meet the following compatibility indicators: (1) The pollen germination rate of the candidate pollinating varieties shall not be less than 65%; (2) The number of days of overlap between the peak flowering period of the main cultivated variety and the candidate pollinating variety shall not be less than 7 days; (3) The fruit set rate Sc after artificial pollination of the main variety with pollen from the candidate pollinating variety satisfies: Sc≥2×S0, where S0 is the natural fruit set rate of the main variety; S2. Spatial adaptability assessment and determination of effective pollination radius: The effective pollination radius R of candidate pollinating varieties relative to the main cultivated variety is determined, and candidate pollinating varieties with an effective pollination radius R > 10m are screened. S3. Calculation of the theoretical configuration ratio of pollinator trees: The theoretical configuration ratio P of pollinator trees is calculated according to the following formula: P=k×(Sc-S0) / Sc×100% In the formula: Sc is the fruit set rate of the candidate pollinating variety after artificial pollination of the main variety; S0 is the natural fruit set rate of the main variety; k is the correction coefficient determined based on the affinity level. S4. Orchard row-column layout planting: Determine the inter-row cyclic layout pattern based on the calculated P-value and complete the planting: When P < 22.5%, a row rotation pattern of "4 rows of main varieties + 1 row of pollinating varieties" is adopted. When P ≥ 22.5%, a row rotation pattern of "3 rows of main varieties + 1 row of pollinating varieties" is adopted. In this arrangement, all pollinating varieties are planted in the pollinating variety row, and all main varieties are planted in the main variety row. No varieties are mixed within each row.

2. The configuration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, If any indicator in step S1 or step S2 fails to meet the requirements, the candidate pollinator variety is eliminated, and a new candidate pollinator variety is selected to conduct the screening again.

3. The configuration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the method for determining the pollen germination rate in vitro is as follows: collect flowers of candidate pollinating varieties that are about to open, and allow the anthers to naturally dehisce and release pollen under a constant temperature of 25°C; inoculate the pollen onto an agar medium containing 10% sucrose and 0.01% boric acid, and after culturing at 25°C for 4 hours, count the germination rate under a microscope; the number of pollen grains measured each time is not less than 500, and the experiment is repeated 3 times.

4. The configuration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1 or step S3, the method for determining the fruit set rate is as follows: 30 days after pollination treatment, the number of fruits set is counted, and no less than 5 plants are investigated for each treatment. Each plant is marked with 2 inflorescences in each of the four directions, and the fruit set rate is calculated.

5. The configuration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the method for determining the effective pollination radius R is as follows: Under isolation conditions, candidate pollinator plants were arranged at multiple locations at different distances from the main plant sample plants, with distance gradients of 5m, 10m, 15m, 20m, and 30m. The sample size of the main plant sample was no less than 5 plants for each distance gradient, and the observation was repeated for no less than 3 years. After pollination, the fruit set rate of the main varieties at each distance was counted, and the increase in fruit set rate at each distance compared with the natural control was calculated. The maximum distance corresponding to the first drop in the improvement ratio to less than 50% is determined as the effective pollination radius R of the candidate pollinating variety.

6. The configuration method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the following spatial adaptability determination and layout adjustment are performed based on the effective pollination radius R: When R≥15m, it is determined that the direct inter-row pollination suitability is qualified, and the layout is carried out according to the conventional row and plant spacing. When 10m < R < 15m, the compatibility of direct inter-row pollination is considered to be basically qualified, and the spatial layout is corrected by shortening the spacing between adjacent pollinating tree rows or plant spacing.

7. The configuration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the correction coefficient k is determined based on the compatibility level between the main variety and the candidate pollinator variety. The compatibility level is judged by the increase in fruit set rate, which is (Sc-S0) / S0×100%. The specific value selection rules are as follows: High affinity: Fruit setting rate increased by ≥500%, or Sc≥40%, k=0.50; Medium affinity: 200% ≤ fruit set rate increase < 500%, k = 0.45; Low affinity: 100% ≤ fruit set rate increase < 200%, k = 0.

40.

8. The configuration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the row-column layout of step S4, the distance from any main plant to the nearest pollinator plant does not exceed the effective pollination radius R.

9. The configuration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pollinating variety is HAES826, and the main cultivated variety is Guire No.

1. The orchard is established and planted using a row rotation pattern of "3 rows of main cultivated varieties + 1 row of pollinating varieties".

10. The configuration method according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes supporting management steps after planting: place 6-10 strong beehives evenly per hectare, with the hives distributed in the orchard and its edge areas; spray the leaves with a concentration of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once 15 days before flowering and once 7 days after flowering; maintain the relative soil moisture content at 65%-75% from 7 days before flowering to 7 days after flowering.

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