Additively manufactured footwear and corresponding methods

Abstract

The present application relates to a shoe, preferably a football shoe, comprising an upper and a sole unit. In particular, the upper is manufactured based on a first additive manufacturing method, and the sole unit is manufactured based on a second additive manufacturing method. The second additive manufacturing method is different from the first additive manufacturing method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a shoe, preferably a football shoe, and a method for manufacturing a football shoe. Background Technology

[0002] Maximizing athlete performance is central to the development and evolution of sporting goods. This is especially true for athletic footwear, such as American football and / or soccer cleats, where athlete performance hinges on shoe performance. Consequently, significant efforts have been made to optimize the performance of athletic footwear, particularly American football and / or soccer cleats.

[0003] However, while such shoes (such as American football and / or soccer shoes) are typically manufactured through mass production, each athlete has his / her individual needs based on their unique physique and preferences. For example, due to individual foot variations, ensuring a perfect fit for athletes is often impossible through mass production, thus hindering the maximization of athletic performance.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for an improved shoe, such as an American football and / or soccer shoe, to at least address some of the shortcomings of the existing technology mentioned above and further improve other aspects. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The first aspect relates to a shoe comprising an upper and a sole unit. Specifically, the upper is manufactured using a first additive manufacturing method, and the sole unit is manufactured using a second additive manufacturing method. The second additive manufacturing method differs from the first additive manufacturing method.

[0006] By using two different additive manufacturing methods to manufacture the shoe's upper and sole units, it becomes possible to employ the additive manufacturing method best suited to each unit. Specifically, the shoe's upper may need to meet different requirements than the sole unit. In other words, the sole unit may withstand different forces than the upper when the shoe is worn. For example, using two different additive manufacturing methods allows for the creation of a more rigid and durable sole unit, while also allowing for the creation of a lightweight upper. Therefore, using two different additive manufacturing methods enables a more precise customization of the upper and sole units to meet the athlete's needs, thereby maximizing the degree of customization. Maximizing customization improves the performance of the athlete wearing the shoe.

[0007] Typically, the upper and sole units can be manufactured separately.

[0008] Manufacturing the upper and sole units separately can include manufacturing the upper without interfering with the manufacturing of the sole unit, for example, through two independent manufacturing processes. For instance, the upper can be manufactured using a first manufacturing equipment based on a first additive manufacturing method, while the sole unit can be manufactured using a second manufacturing equipment based on a second additive manufacturing method. Additionally or alternatively, manufacturing the upper and sole units separately can include manufacturing them sequentially. For example, the sole unit can be manufactured first, followed by the upper.

[0009] Manufacturing the upper and sole units separately helps optimize their manufacturing methods, such as selecting the most suitable method for each unit. Choosing the most suitable method maximizes customization, thereby optimizing athlete performance.

[0010] In some embodiments, the first additive manufacturing method may include stereolithography. Additionally or alternatively, the second additive manufacturing method may include selective laser sintering.

[0011] For example, the upper can be manufactured based on stereolithography. For example, the upper can be manufactured based on digital light synthesis (DLS). Stereolithography-based manufacturing can include: substantially the entire upper being manufactured using stereolithography. Manufacturing the upper substantially entirely using stereolithography can include: at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 85%, even more preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 95% of the upper being manufactured using stereolithography. In some embodiments, the entire upper can be manufactured using stereolithography.

[0012] Additionally or alternatively, the sole unit may be manufactured based on selective laser sintering (SLS). Manufacturing based on SLS may include: manufacturing substantially the entire sole unit by SLS. Manufacturing the sole unit substantially entirely by SLS may include: at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 85%, even more preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 95% of the sole unit being manufactured by SLS. In some embodiments, the entire sole unit may be manufactured by SLS.

[0013] Using stereolithography to manufacture uppers and / or selective laser sintering to manufacture sole units allows for manufacturing methods to be adapted to specific (physical) requirements of the upper, such as breathability, flexibility, and durability, and / or specific (physical) requirements of the sole unit, such as adhesion friction and stability. Furthermore, using stereolithography to manufacture uppers and / or selective laser sintering to manufacture sole units enables greater customization, thereby improving athlete performance.

[0014] Typically, the first additive manufacturing method may be based on a first printing material comprising a resin. Alternatively or additionally, the second additive manufacturing method may be based on a second printing material comprising a powder. For example, the powder may comprise polyamide.

[0015] Typically, the first and / or second additive manufacturing methods can be based on printing materials. Printing materials can typically include: expanded thermoplastic polyurethane (eTPU), expanded elastomer polyurethane, polyether block amide (PEBA), expanded polyether block amide (ePEBA), thermoplastic rubber (TPR), and polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), or polypropylene (PP), polyamide (nylon), or any combination thereof.

[0016] For example, the first additive manufacturing method may be based on a first printing material and / or the second additive manufacturing method may be based on a second printing material. Specifically, the upper may be manufactured based on a first printing material comprising a resin. The resin may comprise an expandable resin, for example, expandable upon application of heat. In some embodiments, the printing resin may comprise a chemical foaming agent. The chemical foaming agent may be configured to expand upon application of heat after printing. For example, the upper may be manufactured based on the resin via stereolithography. Additionally or alternatively, the sole unit may be manufactured based on a second printing material comprising powder. For example, the sole unit may be manufactured based on the powder via selective laser sintering. In some embodiments, the powder may comprise polyamide. Specifically, the powder may comprise polyamide 11.

[0017] Manufacturing the upper using a first printing material based on a first additive manufacturing method and the sole unit using a second printing material based on a second additive manufacturing method helps to adapt the manufacturing methods to specific (physical) requirements of the upper, such as breathability, flexibility, and durability, and / or specific (physical) requirements of the sole unit, such as adhesion friction and stability. Specifically, the first printing material containing resin contributes to the breathability, flexibility, and durability of the upper, while the second printing material containing powder (e.g., polyamide) contributes to the adhesion friction and stability of the sole unit. Therefore, manufacturing the upper using the first printing material based on the first additive manufacturing method and the sole unit using the second printing material based on the second additive manufacturing method helps to maximize the customization of the shoe, thereby optimizing athlete performance.

[0018] Specifically, the resin may contain moisture-cured urethane. Additionally or alternatively, the resin may contain expanded elastomer polyurethane.

[0019] For example, the upper can be made based on a resin containing a moisture-curing urethane. Specifically, the upper can be made based on a resin containing a moisture-curing urethane using stereolithography. Typically, moisture-curing urethanes, such as moisture-curing polyurethanes, can contain at least one isocyanate group. Specifically, this at least one isocyanate group can be configured to react with water (e.g., moisture). In particular, this reaction can cause the polyurethane to harden. Generally, moisture-curing urethanes offer advantageous adhesive properties, such as good bonding with a variety of materials, including wood, metal, and plastics. Furthermore, after curing, moisture-curing urethanes become highly water and moisture resistant, making them ideal for coatings and adhesives exposed to moisture, such as in outdoor applications.

[0020] Alternatively or additionally, the upper may be made based on a resin containing expanded polyurethane elastomer. In particular, the upper may be made based on a resin containing expanded polyurethane elastomer using stereolithography.

[0021] Specifically, expanded polyurethane elastomer is a printing material that expands when heat is applied. Generally, printing materials that expand when heat is applied allow for reduced density, thus minimizing the weight of the upper, resulting in faster movement and improved athlete agility. Furthermore, resins containing expanded polyurethane elastomers can improve the feel of the upper.

[0022] Typically, the upper can cover at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit.

[0023] For example, the lower surface of the sole unit may include a surface of the sole unit configured to face the ground, for example, when an athlete wears the shoe. Specifically, the lower surface of the sole unit may include a surface of the sole unit configured to engage with the ground. In some embodiments, the lower surface of the sole unit may include at least one cleat. Typically, covering at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit may include at least a portion of the upper contacting that portion of the lower surface of the sole unit. In other words, the upper covering at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit may include at least a portion of the upper facing the ground, for example, when an athlete wears the shoe.

[0024] Specifically, the upper can cover at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit, such that the upper wraps around at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit.

[0025] The upper wrapping of at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit may include: the upper wrapping of at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit to form at least a portion of an opening of the shoe, such as an opening of the shoe adapted to receive at least a portion of the foot. In other words, the upper may wrap around at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit to encompass and / or surround at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit.

[0026] For example, the upper may cover at least 30% of the lower surface of the sole unit. Alternatively, the upper may cover at least 50% of the lower surface of the sole unit. The upper may cover at least 70% of the lower surface of the sole unit. The upper may cover at least 80% of the lower surface of the sole unit. The upper may cover at least 90% of the lower surface of the sole unit.

[0027] Typically, at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit covered by the upper can include discontinuous portions of the lower surface of the sole unit. For example, a discontinuous portion of the lower surface of the sole unit can include at least one hole, such as an area not covered by the upper. In other words, at least a portion of the lower surface covered by the upper can include a connected surface through which at least one hole (e.g., a hole adapted to receive a cleat) passes.

[0028] Typically, the upper can be adapted to receive at least a portion of the sole unit. For example, the upper can be adapted to receive the at least a portion of the sole unit such that the at least a portion of the sole unit is inserted into the upper.

[0029] For example, the sole unit can be inserted into the upper through an ankle opening. Specifically, the upper can receive the sole unit to cover at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit. In other words, the sole unit can be tucked into the upper. For example, the upper can be manufactured separately from the sole unit, for example, the upper can be manufactured based on a first additive manufacturing method, the sole unit can be manufactured based on a second additive manufacturing method, and (then) the sole unit can be inserted into the upper. Typically, the sole unit can be inserted into the upper such that a majority of the sole unit is disposed within the upper. Specifically, a majority of the sole unit may include: at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, and most preferably at least 90% of the sole unit disposed within the upper.

[0030] In some embodiments, at least a portion of the upper and at least a portion of the sole unit may be connected.

[0031] For example, the at least portion of the sole unit covered by the upper can be connected to the upper. Specifically, when the sole unit is received and / or inserted into the upper, the at least portion of the upper and the at least portion of the sole unit can be connected. In some embodiments, only a portion of the sole unit covered by the upper can be connected to the upper. In other words, the at least portion of the sole unit covered by the upper may include areas not connected to the upper.

[0032] Connecting at least a portion of the upper to at least a portion of the sole unit allows for increased shoe stability and ensures that the upper and sole units are fixed relative to each other, for example, preventing the sole unit from shifting relative to the upper when the athlete is wearing the shoe. In other words, connecting at least a portion of the upper to at least a portion of the sole unit ensures that the shoe, including the (separately) manufactured sole unit and upper, presents itself as a one-piece shoe. Increased shoe stability improves the performance of the athlete wearing the shoe.

[0033] Specifically, at least a portion of the sole unit can be glued to at least a portion of the upper. For example, at least a portion of the sole unit can be glued to the inner surface of the upper.

[0034] For example, at least a portion of the sole unit covered by the upper can be glued to at least a portion of the upper. Specifically, the sole unit can be glued to the inner surface of the upper. The inner surface of the upper can include an upper surface forming the interior of the shoe, such as the interior forming an opening suitable for receiving the foot. In other words, the inner surface of the upper can include—when the athlete wears the shoe—a surface of the upper suitable for contacting and / or facing the foot. Specifically, the upper can cover at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit such that at least a portion of the inner surface of the upper contacts at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit. For example, the upper can wrap around at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit such that the inner surface of the upper contacts and / or surrounds at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit. In other words, the upper can wrap around at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit such that the inner surface of the upper wraps around the lower surface of the sole unit.

[0035] Gluing at least a portion of the sole unit to the inner surface of the upper contributes to improved shoe stability and ensures that the upper and sole units are fixed relative to each other. Specifically, gluing the sole unit to the inner surface of the upper secures the upper and the inserted sole unit, such as a sole unit inserted into the upper. In other words, gluing at least a portion of the sole unit to the inner surface of the upper allows the shoe to include (separately) manufactured upper and sole units, while the shoe presents and / or functions as a one-piece shoe. Therefore, the shoe inherits the advantages of separately manufactured upper and sole units, such as selecting the most suitable manufacturing method for the upper and sole units, while exhibiting the characteristics of a (stable) one-piece shoe.

[0036] Typically, the upper may include at least one opening. Additionally or alternatively, the sole unit may include at least one spike.

[0037] For example, the at least one opening in the upper may be located and / or arranged in an area suitable for covering at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit. In other words, the at least one opening in the upper may be located and / or arranged to face the ground when the athlete wears the shoe. Additionally or alternatively, the sole unit may include at least one stud, such as an element protruding from the sole unit. Specifically, the at least one stud may protrude from the lower surface of the sole unit (e.g., the surface of the sole unit suitable for facing the ground when the athlete wears the shoe).

[0038] Specifically, the at least one stud of the sole unit may protrude from the at least one opening in the upper. For example, the at least one stud may protrude from the at least one opening to at least partially form the grounding element of the shoe.

[0039] For example, when the upper covers at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit and / or when the sole unit is received by the upper, a stud of the sole unit protruding from at least one orifice in the upper may include at least a portion of the stud protruding from the at least one orifice. Typically, protruding from the at least one orifice in the upper may include at least a portion of the stud of the sole unit being inserted into the orifice in the upper. Specifically, the sole unit may be received by and / or inserted into the upper such that at least one stud of the sole unit is inserted into the at least one orifice in the upper. For example, a first stud of the sole unit may be inserted into a first orifice in the upper, and a second stud of the sole unit may be inserted into a second orifice in the upper.

[0040] The sole unit may include an edge. For example, the edge may be disposed on the ground-facing side of the sole unit. The edge may surround the sole unit. In some embodiments, the edge may surround the sole unit such that the edge is defined and / or limited by the base of at least one spike of the sole unit. Typically, the edge may be disposed on the ground-facing side of the sole unit such that the edge forms and / or produces a raised loop. Specifically, the upper may wrap around the sole unit such that the boundary of the upper abuts the edge of the sole unit. The edge, such as the raised loop, enables improved alignment of the upper and sole units, thereby optimizing the quality of the shoe and improving athlete comfort.

[0041] Specifically, the at least one stud of the sole unit can be introduced into the at least one hole in the upper, such that the at least one stud protrudes from the at least one hole in the upper. For example, the first stud of the sole unit can be introduced into the first hole in the upper to protrude from the first hole, and the second stud of the sole unit can be introduced into the second hole in the upper to protrude from the second hole.

[0042] Typically, the at least one stud of the sole unit can protrude from the at least one eyelet of the upper, such that the at least one stud protrudes from the inner surface of the upper toward the outer surface of the upper. Specifically, the outer surface of the upper can include the outward-facing surface of the upper. In other words, the outer surface of the upper can include the upper surface opposite the inner surface of the upper. Typically, the at least one stud of the sole unit can protrude from the at least one eyelet to form a grounding element of the shoe. The grounding element of the shoe can include a portion of the shoe adapted to engage and / or contact the ground—when the athlete wears the shoe.

[0043] At least one stud of the sole unit protrudes from at least one opening in the upper, allowing the upper to cover at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit, while simultaneously allowing the stud of the sole unit to form a grounding element of the shoe. In other words, the sole unit can be received and / or inserted into the upper, for example, arranged within the upper, while the at least one stud of the sole unit forms a grounding element. Therefore, the at least one opening in the upper allows for the manufacture of the upper (separately) based on a first additive manufacturing method and the manufacture of the sole unit based on a second additive manufacturing method. Furthermore, by allowing the sole unit to be inserted into the upper, the shoe manufacturing process is facilitated because it simplifies the process of assembling the sole unit and the upper into a shoe.

[0044] Typically, the geometry of the at least one hole can be based on the geometry of the at least one spike. Additionally or alternatively, the size of the at least one hole can be based on the size of the at least one spike. Additionally or alternatively, the number of the at least one hole can be based on the number of the at least one spike. Additionally or alternatively, the location of the at least one hole can be based on the location of the at least one spike.

[0045] For example, the geometry of the first eyelet on the upper can be based on the geometry of the first stud in the sole unit. Furthermore, the geometry of the second eyelet can be based on the geometry of the second stud in the sole unit. Specifically, the first stud can be adapted to protrude from the first eyelet, and the second stud can be adapted to protrude from the second eyelet. In other words, different eyelets on the upper can include different geometries, for example, the geometry can be based on the geometry of the corresponding stud in the sole unit. Additionally or alternatively, the geometry of the at least one stud in the sole unit can be based on the geometry of the at least one eyelet on the upper.

[0046] Additionally or alternatively, the size of the first eyelet on the upper can be based on the size of the first stud of the sole unit. Furthermore, the size of the second eyelet can be based on the size of the second stud of the sole unit. In other words, different eyelets on the upper can include different sizes, for example, the size can be based on the size of the corresponding stud of the sole unit. Additionally or alternatively, the size of the at least one stud of the sole unit can be based on the size of the at least one eyelet on the upper. Typically, the size of the at least one eyelet on the upper and the size of the at least one stud of the sole unit can be adapted such that the at least one stud can be introduced into the at least one eyelet and / or that the at least one stud can protrude from the at least one eyelet.

[0047] Additionally or alternatively, the position of the first eyelet on the upper may be based on the position of the first stud on the sole unit. Furthermore, the position of the second eyelet may be based on the position of the second stud on the sole unit. Specifically, the position of the first eyelet may be adapted such that the first stud can be introduced into the first eyelet and / or that the first stud can protrude from the first eyelet, for example, when the sole unit is disposed within the upper. In other words, the position of the at least one eyelet on the upper and the position of the at least one stud on the sole unit may be adapted such that when the sole unit is disposed within the upper, the at least one eyelet on the upper faces the at least one stud on the sole unit. Additionally or alternatively, the position of the at least one stud on the sole unit may be based on the position of the at least one eyelet on the upper.

[0048] Alternatively or additionally, the number of the at least one opening in the upper can be based on the number of the at least one stud in the sole unit. For example, the number of openings in the upper can be the same as the number of studs in the sole unit. In other words, for each stud in the sole unit, the upper can have a corresponding opening, such as a corresponding opening from which the stud can protrude. Alternatively or additionally, the number of the at least one stud in the sole unit can be based on the number of the at least one opening in the upper.

[0049] Adapting the geometry and / or size and / or number and / or position of at least one stud in the sole unit to match the geometry and / or size and / or number and / or position of at least one opening in the upper allows the sole unit to be arranged within the upper, for example, such that the at least one stud protrudes from the at least one opening. Therefore, adapting the geometry and / or size and / or number and / or position of the at least one opening enables the (separate) manufacture of the upper and sole units, thereby facilitating the optimization of the selection of appropriate manufacturing methods and increasing the degree of customization of the shoe. Increased shoe customization optimizes the wearing comfort and performance of the athlete wearing the shoe.

[0050] Specifically, the sole unit may include at least two spikes. Alternatively, the sole unit may include at least four spikes. Alternatively, the sole unit may include at least six spikes. Alternatively, the sole unit may include at least eight spikes. Alternatively, the sole unit may include at least ten spikes.

[0051] Typically, the number of cleats can be based at least in part on the size of the sole unit and / or the shoe. Additionally or alternatively, the number of cleats can be based on the size of the at least one cleat. Additionally or alternatively, the number of eyelets on the upper can reflect the number of cleats on the sole unit. In other words, the upper may include at least two eyelets, preferably at least four eyelets, more preferably at least six eyelets, even more preferably at least eight eyelets, and most preferably at least ten eyelets.

[0052] A sole unit including at least two spikes ensures that the shoe provides sufficient grip and stability when worn by an athlete. Furthermore, a sole unit including at least two spikes prevents the shoe from slipping, such as on grassy surfaces. Therefore, a sole unit including at least two spikes helps improve athlete performance.

[0053] Alternatively, the sole unit may include up to 30 spikes. Alternatively, the sole unit may include up to 26 spikes. Alternatively, the sole unit may include up to 22 spikes. Alternatively, the sole unit may include up to 18 spikes. Alternatively, the sole unit may include up to 14 spikes.

[0054] A sole unit comprising up to 30 cleats ensures that the cleats are large enough to provide sufficient grip and friction. Furthermore, sufficiently large cleats contribute to the stability of both the cleats and the sole unit. Moreover, a sole unit comprising up to 30 cleats ensures that the upper can include up to 30 perforations. An upper comprising up to 30 perforations contributes to the stability and connectivity of the upper, thereby improving the shoe's lifespan and stability.

[0055] In some embodiments, the at least one stud may be arranged in an area of ​​the sole unit adapted to receive the forefoot. Alternatively, the at least one stud may be arranged in an area of ​​the sole unit adapted to receive the rearfoot. Alternatively, the at least one stud may be arranged in a lateral area of ​​the sole unit. Alternatively, the at least one stud may be arranged in a mid-lateral area of ​​the sole unit. For example, the at least one stud may be arranged in the lateral lateral and / or mid-lateral areas.

[0056] For example, a first stud may be positioned in an area of ​​the sole unit suitable for receiving the forefoot, and a second stud may be positioned in an area suitable for receiving the hindfoot. Specifically, the first stud may be positioned in the lateral forefoot area, and the second stud may be positioned in the mesial hindfoot area. Alternatively, the first stud may be positioned in the mesial forefoot area, and the second stud may be positioned in the lateral hindfoot area. Typically, the at least one stud may be positioned in the lateral lateral and / or lateral mesial areas. For example, the first stud may be positioned in the lateral lateral forefoot area, and the second stud may be positioned in the lateral mesial hindfoot area. Specifically, the lateral lateral and / or lateral mesial areas of the sole unit may include the lateral and / or mesial boundary areas of the sole unit.

[0057] In some embodiments, a plurality of studs may be arranged in the area of ​​the sole unit suitable for receiving the forefoot. For example, at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, even more preferably at least five, and most preferably at least six studs may be arranged in the area of ​​the sole unit suitable for receiving the forefoot. For example, at least one, preferably at least two, and most preferably at least three studs may be arranged in the lateral proximal forefoot area, and / or at least one, preferably at least two, and most preferably at least three studs may be arranged in the lateral lateral forefoot area. Furthermore, at least one stud may be arranged in the central forefoot area, such as the forefoot area—where the lateral forefoot area transitions to the proximal forefoot area.

[0058] Additionally or alternatively, multiple studs may be arranged in the area of ​​the sole unit suitable for receiving the rearfoot. Specifically, at least two, preferably at least three, and most preferably at least four studs may be arranged in the area of ​​the sole unit suitable for receiving the rearfoot. For example, at least one, preferably at least two studs may be arranged in the (lateral) mesial rearfoot area of ​​the sole unit, and / or at least one, preferably at least two studs may be arranged in the (lateral) lateral rearfoot area of ​​the sole unit. In some embodiments, the sole unit may not include studs in the area of ​​the sole unit suitable for receiving the midfoot. For example, the sole unit may include at least one rib in the area of ​​the sole unit suitable for receiving the midfoot. Specifically, the at least one rib may be arranged in the (lateral) mesial and / or lateral midfoot areas. For example, a first rib may be arranged in the (lateral) mesial midfoot area of ​​the sole unit, and a second rib may be arranged in the (lateral) lateral midfoot area of ​​the sole unit.

[0059] Typically, the at least one spike may include a coating. For example, the coating may be based on polyurethane. Alternatively or additionally, the coating may be based on thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0060] For example, the surface of the at least one stud can be coated. For example, the at least one stud can be coated such that when the sole unit is disposed within the upper, the coating protrudes from the at least one opening in the upper. Typically, the coating can be based on polyurethane and / or thermoplastic polyurethane. For example, when the sole unit is disposed within the upper, the surface of the at least one stud can be coated. For example, the surface of the at least one stud can be coated such that after the coating material (e.g., polyurethane and / or thermoplastic polyurethane) is cured, an interlock is formed between the at least one stud and the cured coating. Specifically, the surface of the at least one stud can be coated such that the (cured) coating forms at least a portion of the corresponding stud tip. In other words, the at least one stud of the sole unit can include a stud base, and the stud tip can be coated onto the stud base. Typically, the base of the at least one stud of the sole unit can include a surface structure. Specifically, the surface structure of the at least one stud of the sole structure can be adapted to enable a mechanical connection between the surface structure of the at least one stud and the (cured) coating.

[0061] The at least one cleat includes a coating, such as a coating that at least partially forms the cleat tip, allowing for the formation of a cleat tip with high adhesion stability, for example, high adhesion stability between the at least one cleat (base) of the sole unit and the (cured) coating of the at least one cleat (base) that at least partially forms the corresponding cleat tip. Maximizing adhesion stability ensures that when the shoe is worn by an athlete, the (cured) coating—e.g., the cleat tip—does not detach from the at least one cleat (base) of the sole unit, thereby improving the quality and lifespan of the shoe.

[0062] Typically, the at least one spike base and the at least one spike tip can be displaced. For example, a first spike base can be displaced relative to a first spike tip (e.g., a first spike tip molded onto the first spike base), and a second spike base can be displaced relative to a second spike tip (e.g., a spike tip molded onto the first spike base). In some embodiments, the displacement between the spike base and the spike tip can include an offset. For example, the at least one spike tip can be arranged—e.g., molded onto—the at least one spike base to form / create an offset. For example, the offset can be based at least in part on the width difference between the spike tip and the spike base. For example, the width associated with the spike base can be smaller than the width associated with the spike tip. The offset between the spike base and the spike tip ensures a smooth transition between the upper (e.g., the upper that wraps around the sole unit) and the sole unit. A smooth transition between the upper and the sole unit improves the functionality of the shoe, thereby optimizing the athlete's performance.

[0063] Typically, a shoe may include a tongue. For example, the tongue of a shoe may be positioned in the top area of ​​the shoe and / or the upper. Specifically, the tongue may be adapted to protect the athlete's foot, such as the instep. Additionally or alternatively, the tongue of a shoe may be adapted to aid in cushioning and / or shock absorption. In some embodiments, the tongue may include a cushioning grid, for example, the tongue may be manufactured such that it includes a grid structure.

[0064] For example, the tongue can be attached to the upper of the shoe. Specifically, the tongue can be a separately manufactured tongue. Alternatively or additionally, the tongue can be integrally manufactured with the upper of the shoe. For example, the tongue can be manufactured based on a first additive manufacturing method. Alternatively or additionally, the tongue can be integrally manufactured with the upper, for example, based on a first manufacturing method. Specifically, the tongue can be manufactured such that it includes a grid structure.

[0065] Specifically, when the shoe tongue comprises a separately manufactured tongue, at least a portion of the tongue may be attached to the upper, for example, by gluing and / or sewing. For example, a separately manufactured tongue may include a tongue that is not integrally manufactured with the upper. Specifically, the tongue may not be manufactured based on the first additive manufacturing method.

[0066] Typically, the thickness of the sole unit can be at least 0.3 mm. Alternatively, the thickness of the sole unit can be at least 0.6 mm. Alternatively, the thickness of the sole unit can be at least 0.9 mm. Alternatively, the thickness of the sole unit can be at least 1.2 mm. Alternatively, the thickness of the sole unit can be at least 1.5 mm. Additionally or alternatively, the thickness of the sole unit can be up to 4 mm. Alternatively, the thickness of the sole unit can be up to 3.5 mm. Alternatively, the thickness of the sole unit can be up to 3.0 mm. Alternatively, the thickness of the sole unit can be up to 2.5 mm. Alternatively, the thickness of the sole unit can be up to 2.0 mm.

[0067] For example, the thickness of the sole unit can vary along the sole unit. In other words, the sole unit may include a first thickness in a first region and a second thickness in a second region. Specifically, the thickness of the sole unit can vary continuously and / or smoothly. For example, the thickness between a first region including the first thickness and a second region including the second thickness can vary continuously and / or smoothly. Typically, the thickness of the sole unit can be adapted based on the needs of an individual athlete. For example, the sole unit of a shoe for a first athlete may include a first thickness and / or thickness distribution, while the sole unit of a shoe for a second athlete may include a second thickness and / or thickness distribution. Additionally or alternatively, the thickness of the sole unit may be at least partially based on a second additive manufacturing method and / or a second printing material.

[0068] The sole unit has a thickness of at least 0.3 mm and at most 4 mm, ensuring that it is stable and robust enough to withstand the forces exerted by the athlete while wearing the shoe, while also helping to minimize the weight of the sole unit—and consequently the shoe that includes it. Minimizing the weight of the sole unit allows the athlete to move faster and provides agility.

[0069] Typically, a sole unit may include at least one reinforcing element. For example, the at least one reinforcing element may be manufactured integrally with the sole unit.

[0070] For example, the at least one reinforcing element may be adapted to reinforce at least a portion of the sole unit and / or the shoe including the sole unit. Specifically, the at least one reinforcing element may be disposed on the upper surface of the sole unit, such as the sole unit surface opposite the lower surface of the sole unit. In other words, the upper surface of the sole unit may include a surface adapted to face the foot. In some embodiments, the at least one reinforcing element may be attached to the upper surface of the sole unit, for example by gluing and / or cementing at least a portion of the reinforcing element to the upper surface of the sole unit. Additionally or alternatively, the at least one reinforcing element may be integrally manufactured with the sole unit, for example, integrally manufactured based on a second additive manufacturing method. For example, the at least one reinforcing element may be integrally manufactured with the sole unit such that the at least one reinforcing element is disposed on the upper side of the sole unit. In some embodiments, the at least one reinforcing element may be integrally manufactured with the sole unit such that the at least one reinforcing element is at least partially based on a printing material different from the printing material of the sole unit. For example, the at least one reinforcing element may be manufactured based on a printing material such that the reinforcing element—for example, after curing—is more rigid than the sole unit.

[0071] Typically, the at least one reinforcing element may include at least one rod and / or at least one finger. Specifically, the at least one reinforcing element may include two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least five, and most preferably at least six fingers and / or rods. For example, the at least one finger and / or the at least one rod of the reinforcing element may be connected. For example, the at least one finger and / or the at least one rod may be connected in an area of ​​the sole unit suitable for receiving the midfoot and / or rearfoot. In some embodiments, the at least one finger and / or the at least one rod may be arranged in the (outer) proximal and / or lateral region of the sole unit.

[0072] A sole unit including at least one reinforcing element (e.g., a reinforcing element integrally manufactured with the sole unit) contributes to the stiffness and stability of the sole unit and / or the shoe. Specifically, by using a reinforcing element comprising at least one rod and / or finger, additional stiffness can be provided in areas of the sole unit requiring stiffness (e.g., in the periphery and / or near-mid boundary regions of the sole unit and / or the shoe). In other words, the at least one reinforcing element allows for the guidance of the stiffness of the sole unit—and thus the shoe. In particular, the stiffness of the sole unit and / or the shoe can be guided to precisely meet the individual needs of the athlete. Furthermore, the at least one reinforcing element contributes to improved energy return in the sole unit and / or the shoe. Improved and / or maximized energy return in the sole unit and / or the shoe maximizes the performance of the athlete wearing the shoe.

[0073] In some embodiments, the upper may include at least one cushioning element integrated into the inner surface of the upper. Specifically, the at least one cushioning element may include a one-piece printed grid structure.

[0074] For example, a cushioning element integrated into the inner surface of the shoe upper may include: the cushioning element being disposed on the inner surface of the shoe upper, such as a foot-facing surface of the shoe upper. Specifically, disposing of the cushioning element on the inner surface may include: at least a portion of the cushioning element being foot-facing when the shoe is worn by an athlete. In particular, the cushioning element may be disposed on the inner surface of the shoe upper such that at least a portion of the cushioning element forms part of the inner surface of the shoe upper. Typically, the cushioning element may be integrally manufactured with the shoe upper. For example, the at least one cushioning element may be manufactured based on a first additive manufacturing method, such as based on stereolithography. In some embodiments, the at least one cushioning element may include a grid structure. For example, the at least one cushioning element may be integrally manufactured with the shoe upper such that the cushioning element includes a grid structure. The grid structure of the cushioning element may include a beam-based grid structure.

[0075] An upper that includes at least one cushioning element allows for (additional) cushioning, thereby improving wearing comfort and athlete performance. Furthermore, cushioning elements integrated into the inner surface of the upper, such as as an integral part of the upper, reduce the number of individual components that must be manufactured, thus improving shoe manufacturing efficiency. Moreover, cushioning elements that include a lattice structure (e.g., a beam-based lattice structure) reduce the weight of the cushioning element—and thus the shoe including the upper. Reducing the weight of the cushioning element and thus the shoe allows athletes to move faster and improves agility.

[0076] Alternatively or additionally, the at least one cushioning element may be arranged in an area of ​​the upper suitable for receiving the heel.

[0077] For example, the at least one cushioning element can be integrated into the inner surface of the shoe upper, such that the cushioning element is positioned in the heel region. Specifically, the at least one cushioning element can be positioned in the heel region to surround the heel of the foot. In particular, the at least one cushioning element can be positioned on the side of the inner surface of the shoe upper. For example, the cushioning element can extend from the lateral heel region toward the mid-heel region. Specifically, the at least one cushioning element can extend from the lateral surface of the inner surface of the shoe upper toward the mid-side surface of the inner surface of the shoe upper.

[0078] Additionally or alternatively, at least one cushioning element may be disposed in the bottom region of the inner surface of the upper. For example, the bottom region of the inner surface of the upper may include a region of the upper adapted to receive the sole surface of the foot. For example, the at least one cushioning element may be disposed in the heel bottom region of the inner surface. Typically, the at least one cushioning element disposed in the bottom region of the inner surface of the upper may be at least partially integrated into the upper. For example, the at least one cushioning element disposed in the bottom region of the inner surface may be manufactured (integral) with the upper, for example based on a first additive manufacturing method. In some embodiments, the at least one cushioning element may be disposed in the bottom surface of the upper to serve as an insole, such as a 3D-printed insole. Integrating the cushioning element into the bottom region of the inner surface of the upper allows the elimination of the need for a separate insole, thereby reducing the number of (separate) parts required to assemble the shoe.

[0079] Typically, at least a portion of the outer surface of the shoe upper may include a grid structure.

[0080] The outer surface of the shoe upper may include the outward-facing surface of the upper, such as the surface of the upper visible from the outside. For example, the outer surface of the upper may not be adapted to face the foot. A portion of the outer surface of the upper including a grid structure may include: this portion of the upper comprising multiple gaps. For example, the grid may be based on multiple beams, such as beams forming the grid structure. Specifically, the beams may form multiple gaps, such as the spacing between multiple beams. Typically, the beams may be adapted to intersect each other, for example, a first beam may intersect a second beam.

[0081] In some embodiments, the upper may include at least two portions—comprising a grid structure. For example, a first portion may include a first grid structure, and a second portion may include a second grid structure. The first portion may be disposed in a first region of the upper, and the second portion may be disposed in a second region of the upper. Typically, the first and second portions may be unconnected portions; for example, the first and second portions may be separated from each other—by a region of the upper that does not contain a grid structure. Typically, the region of the upper that does not contain a grid structure may include closed and / or continuous regions, such as upper regions without gaps.

[0082] For example, at least one portion of the outer surface including a grid structure may be arranged in the instep area of ​​the shoe upper and / or the instep region of the shoe.

[0083] For example, the at least one portion may be located on the medial side of the instep region and / or the lateral side of the instep region. For example, the at least one portion including a grid structure may be arranged to surround the instep region of the upper and / or shoe. Additionally or alternatively, the at least one portion may be located in an area of ​​the upper suitable for receiving the arch. For example, the at least one portion including a grid structure may be located in an area suitable for receiving the arch and may continue towards the medial instep region of the upper and / or shoe. Typically, the at least one portion including a grid structure may not be located in the forefoot region of the upper. Specifically, the at least one portion including a grid structure may not be located in the lateral forefoot region of the upper.

[0084] The upper (with at least a portion of its outer surface comprising a lattice structure) contributes to improved, higher breathability. Specifically, by arranging the lattice structure in specific portions of the outer surface, the location of highly breathable sections can be guided to meet the individual needs of the athlete. Furthermore, this at least portion of the outer surface including the lattice structure helps minimize the weight of the upper, thereby minimizing the weight of the shoe including the upper. Minimizing the weight of the shoe including the upper allows athletes to move faster and improves agility. Moreover, by not arranging this at least portion of the lattice structure in areas of the upper suitable for receiving the forefoot, it ensures that the upper—and thus the shoe including the upper—meets waterproofing requirements.

[0085] The second aspect relates to a method for manufacturing shoes, preferably athletic shoes. The method includes the step of manufacturing an upper based on a first additive manufacturing method. Furthermore, the method includes the step of manufacturing a sole unit based on a second additive manufacturing method. Specifically, the second additive manufacturing method differs from the first additive manufacturing method.

[0086] Generally, the shoes described above can be manufactured using methods for manufacturing shoes. Specifically, the aspects described in the context of the shoe upper described above can also be applied to this method of manufacturing shoes. In particular, the characteristics and / or features of the shoes described above can also be applied to this method of manufacturing shoes. In other words, the method for manufacturing shoes can be adapted to obtain the shoes described above.

[0087] Manufacturing a shoe upper using a first additive manufacturing method may include: producing and / or manufacturing at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, even more preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 95% of the shoe upper using the first additive manufacturing method. Manufacturing a shoe upper using the first additive manufacturing method may also include: manufacturing the shoe upper using the first additive manufacturing method. Typically, the first additive manufacturing method may be based on 3D printing. For example, manufacturing a shoe upper using the first additive manufacturing method may include: 3D printing the shoe upper using the first additive manufacturing method.

[0088] Additionally or alternatively, manufacturing the sole unit based on the second additive manufacturing method may include: producing and / or manufacturing at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 80%, even more preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 95% of the sole unit based on the second additive manufacturing method. Manufacturing the sole unit based on the second additive manufacturing method may include: manufacturing the sole unit using the second additive manufacturing method. Typically, the second additive manufacturing method may be based on 3D printing. For example, manufacturing the sole unit based on the second additive manufacturing method may include: 3D printing the sole unit based on the second additive manufacturing method.

[0089] By using two different additive manufacturing methods to manufacture the shoe's upper and sole units, it becomes possible to employ the additive manufacturing method best suited to each unit. Specifically, the shoe's upper may need to meet different requirements than the sole unit. In other words, the sole unit may withstand different forces than the upper when the shoe is worn. For example, using two different additive manufacturing methods allows for the creation of a more rigid and durable sole unit, while also allowing for the creation of a lightweight upper. Therefore, using two different additive manufacturing methods enables a more precise customization of the upper and sole units to meet the athlete's needs, thereby maximizing the degree of customization. Maximizing customization improves the performance of the athlete wearing the shoe.

[0090] Typically, the first additive manufacturing method may include stereolithography. Additionally or alternatively, the second additive manufacturing method may include selective laser sintering.

[0091] For example, the upper can be manufactured based on stereolithography. For example, the upper can be manufactured based on digital light synthesis (DLS). Stereolithography-based manufacturing can include: substantially the entire upper being manufactured using stereolithography. Manufacturing the upper substantially entirely using stereolithography can include: at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 85%, even more preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 95% of the upper being manufactured using stereolithography. In some embodiments, the entire upper can be manufactured using stereolithography.

[0092] Additionally or alternatively, the sole unit may be manufactured based on selective laser sintering (SLS). Manufacturing based on SLS may include: manufacturing substantially the entire sole unit by SLS. Manufacturing the sole unit substantially entirely by SLS may include: at least 70%, preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 85%, even more preferably at least 90%, and most preferably at least 95% of the sole unit being manufactured by SLS. In some embodiments, the entire sole unit may be manufactured by SLS.

[0093] Using stereolithography to manufacture uppers and / or selective laser sintering to manufacture sole units allows for manufacturing methods to be adapted to specific (physical) requirements of the upper, such as breathability, flexibility, and durability, and / or specific (physical) requirements of the sole unit, such as adhesion friction and stability. Furthermore, using stereolithography to manufacture uppers and / or selective laser sintering to manufacture sole units enables greater customization, thereby improving athlete performance.

[0094] In some embodiments, the method of manufacturing a shoe may further include the step of disposing at least a portion of a sole unit on the inside of the upper. For example, the at least portion of the sole unit may be disposed on the inside of the upper such that the upper covers the at least portion of the sole unit.

[0095] Arranging at least a portion of the sole unit inside the upper can include inserting at least a portion of the sole unit into the upper. For example, the at least a portion of the sole unit can be inserted through an ankle opening in the upper. In some embodiments, the sole unit can be inserted into the upper through the ankle opening, such that the upper covers at least a portion of the sole unit. Typically, arranging at least a portion of the sole unit inside the upper can include aligning the at least a portion of the sole unit such that at least one stud of the sole unit protrudes through at least one opening in the upper. Additionally or alternatively, arranging at least a portion of the sole unit inside the upper can include inserting substantially the entire sole unit into the upper.

[0096] Typically, a method for manufacturing a shoe may further include the step of attaching at least a portion of the upper to at least a portion of the sole unit. Specifically, attaching the at least portion of the upper to the at least a portion of the sole unit may include: gluing the at least portion of the upper to the at least a portion of the sole unit.

[0097] In some embodiments, the method for manufacturing shoes may further include a step of scanning the foot.

[0098] For example, scanning the foot may include scanning the foot of a specific athlete, such as the foot of an athlete suited to wear shoes manufactured by the method. Specifically, scanning the foot may be based at least in part on a 3D scan of the foot. In some embodiments, scanning the foot may include scanning the left and / or right foot. For example, scanning the foot may include scanning the athlete's right and left feet.

[0099] Scanning an athlete's feet allows the shoe's upper and / or sole units to be customized to the athlete's specific body proportions, such as foot size and / or geometry. Customizing the shoe's upper and / or sole units to the athlete's specific body proportions maximizes the shoe's customization, thereby optimizing the athlete's performance.

[0100] Specifically, the method for manufacturing shoes may further include the step of manufacturing a shoe last based at least in part on a scan of the foot. For example, manufacturing a shoe last may include generating a virtual and / or digital shoe last based at least in part on a scan of the foot.

[0101] Specifically, generating virtual and / or digital shoe lasts may include generating CAD. For example, a CAD model may be generated based on a scan of a foot (e.g., a 3D scan). In some embodiments, the digital and / or virtual shoe last may define a (global) volume for designing the upper. Furthermore, a physical shoe last may be manufactured based on the digital and / or virtual shoe last. For example, a physical shoe last may be used to manufacture a shoe. Additionally or alternatively, manufacturing the upper based on a first additive manufacturing method and / or manufacturing the sole unit based on a second additive manufacturing method may be based on a digital and / or virtual shoe last, such as a CAD model of the foot. Attached Figure Description

[0102] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show: Figure 1A Side view of an exemplary embodiment of a shoe according to the present invention; Figure 1B A top view of the front portion of an exemplary embodiment of a shoe according to the present invention; Figure 2A Bottom side view of an exemplary embodiment of the shoe upper according to the present invention: Figure 2B : A side-top view of an exemplary embodiment of the shoe upper according to the present invention; Figure 2C : A detailed top view of the ankle region of an exemplary embodiment of the shoe upper including a cushioning element according to the present invention; Figure 3 A cross-section of an exemplary embodiment of the shoe upper according to the present invention, wherein the shoe upper includes a cushioning element in an area adapted to receive the sole of the foot; Figure 4: Bottom side view of an exemplary embodiment of a sole unit including a plurality of cleats according to the present invention; Figure 5 A bottom side view of an exemplary embodiment of a shoe according to the present invention, wherein the sole unit is inserted into the upper; Figure 6 A side view of an exemplary embodiment of a shoe according to the present invention, wherein the sole is not fully inserted into the upper; Figure 7 A side-top view of an exemplary embodiment of a shoe according to the present invention, wherein the upper includes a grid structure; Figure 8 A side view of an exemplary embodiment of a shoe according to the present invention, wherein the upper includes a grid structure; Figure 9 A top view of an exemplary embodiment of the sole unit and support element according to the present invention; Figure 10A Side view of an exemplary embodiment of a shoe according to the present invention; Figure 10B A near-middle side view of an exemplary embodiment of a shoe according to the present invention; Figure 10C : A bottom side view of an exemplary embodiment of a shoe according to the present invention; Figure 11A A bottom side view of an exemplary embodiment of the sole unit according to the present invention, wherein the base and tip of the cleat are displaced by an offset; Figure 11B A side view of an exemplary embodiment of the sole unit according to the present invention, wherein the base and tip of the cleat are displaced by an offset; Figure 12A A bottom side view of an exemplary embodiment of a shoe according to the present invention, the shoe includes a sole unit and an upper; Figure 12B A mid-side view of an exemplary embodiment of a shoe according to the present invention, the shoe includes a sole unit and an upper; Figure 13A A body side view of an exemplary embodiment of the shoe upper according to the present invention, wherein the beam-based grid structure transitions to the closed region of the shoe upper based on stacked beams; Figure 13B A magnified view of the closed area of ​​the shoe upper, based on a beam-based grid structure and stacked beams. Figure 14A A body side view of an exemplary embodiment of the shoe upper according to the present invention, wherein the beam-based grid structure transitions to the closed area of ​​the shoe upper; Figure 14B : A magnified view of the closed area of ​​the shoe upper, where the beam-based grid structure transitions. Figure 15: A schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a method for manufacturing shoes according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0103] Below, only some possible embodiments of the present invention are described in detail. It should be understood that these exemplary embodiments can be modified in various ways and can be combined with each other as long as they are compatible, and certain features can be omitted as long as they appear unnecessary. In particular, the disclosed embodiments can be modified by combining certain features of one embodiment with one or more features of another embodiment.

[0104] It should be understood that not all features of the described aspects / embodiments are required to achieve the technical advantages provided by this disclosure. The disclosed embodiments can be modified by combining certain features of one embodiment with one or more features of another embodiment. Specifically, those skilled in the art will understand that features and / or functional elements of one aspect / embodiment can be combined with technically compatible features and / or functional elements of any other aspect / embodiment of this disclosure, provided that the resulting combination falls within the definition of this disclosure.

[0105] Figure 1A and Figure 1B An exemplary embodiment of a shoe 100 according to the present invention is shown. The shoe 100 includes an upper 110 and a sole unit 120. Specifically, the upper 110 may be manufactured based on a first additive manufacturing method. Furthermore, the sole unit 120 may be manufactured based on a second additive manufacturing method. Generally, the first additive manufacturing method and the second additive manufacturing method may be different. In other words, the upper 110 and the sole unit 120 may be manufactured based on different additive manufacturing methods. For example, the upper 110 may be manufactured based on stereolithography. Additionally or alternatively, the sole unit 120 may be manufactured based on selective laser sintering. Moreover, the upper 110 may be manufactured based on a first printing material comprising a resin, such as a resin comprising moisture-curable urethane and / or expanded polyurethane elastomers. Additionally or alternatively, the sole unit 120 may be manufactured based on a second printing material comprising powder. For example, the powder may comprise polyamide. The upper 110 includes an outer surface 110a and an inner surface 110b. Specifically, the outer surface 110a of the upper 110 includes an outwardly facing surface. Furthermore, the inner surface 110b of the upper 110 includes a surface adapted to face the foot. The outer surface 110a of the upper 110 includes a closed surface. In other words, the outer surface 110a of the upper 110 does not include a grid structure containing voids (e.g., voids that permeate and / or penetrate the upper 110).

[0106] The sole unit 120 is inserted into the upper 110. For example, the sole unit 120 can be inserted into the upper 110 through the ankle opening 130 of the shoe 100. Specifically, the upper 110 covers the sole unit 120. In other words, the sole unit 120 is arranged within the upper 110. Specifically, substantially the entire sole unit 120 is arranged within the upper 110. The upper 110 covers a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit 120 (e.g., the ground-facing surface of the sole unit 120). Furthermore, the shoe 100 includes a tongue 140. The tongue 140 is a separately manufactured tongue, i.e., the tongue 140 is not integrally manufactured and / or printed with the upper 110 of the shoe 100.

[0107] The upper 110 includes a plurality of openings 115a-115e. Openings 115a and 115b are arranged in a region 102a adapted to receive the rearfoot. Specifically, openings 115a and 115b are arranged on the (outer) side 104a of the upper 110. Furthermore, the upper 110 includes openings 115c, 115d, and 115e arranged in a region 102c adapted to receive the forefoot. Opening 115c is arranged in the transition region between region 102c (adapted to receive the forefoot) and region 102b (adapted to receive the midfoot). Openings 115c, 115d, and 115e are arranged on the (outer) side 104a of the upper 110. Additionally, no openings are arranged in the region 102b adapted to receive the midfoot. Typically, the upper 110 may further include openings arranged on the proximal side 104b of the upper 110. For example, the openings on the mid-side 104b of the upper 110 can be arranged to be substantially mirror images of the openings 115a-115e on the side 104a of the upper 110.

[0108] The sole unit 120 includes a plurality of studs 125a-125e. Specifically, studs 125a and 125b are arranged in a region 102a of the sole unit 120 adapted to receive the rearfoot. Furthermore, studs 125c, 125d, and 125e are arranged in a region 102c of the sole unit 120 adapted to receive the forefoot. In particular, stud 125c is arranged in a transition region, for example, in the region between the region 102c adapted to receive the forefoot and the region 102b adapted to receive the midfoot. Additionally, studs 125a and 125b are arranged in the (lateral) side-body region 104a of the rearfoot region 102a, and studs 125c, 125d, and 125e are arranged in the (lateral) side-body region 104a of the forefoot region 102a. Specifically, studs may not be arranged in the region 102b adapted to receive the midfoot.

[0109] The studs 125a-125e of the sole unit 120 protrude from the eyelets 115a-115e of the upper 110. For example, stud 125a protrudes from eyelet 115a, stud 125b from eyelet 115b, stud 125c from eyelet 115c, stud 125d from eyelet 115d, and stud 125e from eyelet 115e. Typically, the geometry and / or dimensions of the eyelets 115a-115e of the upper 110 can be based on the geometry and / or dimensions of the corresponding studs 125a-125e of the sole unit 120. For example, the geometry and / or dimensions of eyelet 115a can be based on the geometry and / or dimensions of stud 125a. Additionally or alternatively, the position of the eyelets 115a-115e can be based on the position of the studs 125a-125e. Typically, the number of holes 115a-115e can be the same as the number of cleats 125a-125e.

[0110] The upper 110 of shoe 100 further includes a cushioning element 150. The cushioning element 150 is disposed on the inner surface 110b of the upper 110. Specifically, the cushioning element 150 is integrated into the inner surface 110b of the upper 110. For example, the cushioning element 150 may be integrally manufactured with the upper 110, such as by manufacturing based on a first additive manufacturing method. The cushioning element 150 includes an integrally printed grid structure. In particular, the cushioning element 150 includes a beam-based grid structure. The cushioning element 150 is disposed in a region of the upper 110 adapted to receive the heel. In particular, the cushioning element 150 surrounds the heel region of the upper 110. Specifically, the cushioning element 150 surrounds the heel region of the upper 110 to extend from the heel region 104a of the upper 110 to the heel region 104b of the midfoot. In other words, the cushioning element 150 surrounds the ankle opening 150 of the upper 110.

[0111] Figures 2A to 2C An exemplary embodiment of the shoe upper 200 is shown. The shoe upper 200 may be manufactured based on a first additive manufacturing method, such as 3D printing. The shoe upper 200 is manufactured separately from the sole unit. For example, the first additive manufacturing method may include stereolithography. Furthermore, the first additive manufacturing method may be based on a first printing material. The first printing material may comprise a resin, such as a moisture-curing urethane and / or an expanded elastomer polyurethane. The shoe upper 200 includes an outer surface 200a and an inner surface 200b.

[0112] The upper 200 includes a plurality of perforations 210a-210k. Perforations 210a-210k are arranged on the side of the upper 200 suitable for facing the ground (e.g., when the shoe including the upper 200 is worn by an athlete). Perforations 210a, 210b, 210c, 210k, and 210j are arranged in a region 202c of the upper 200 suitable for receiving the forefoot. Specifically, perforations 210a and 210c are arranged in the (outer) lateral region 204a of the upper 200. Furthermore, perforations 210j and 210k are arranged in the (outer) midline region 210b of the upper 200. Perforation 210b is arranged in the central region of the upper, for example, in the region where the midline region 210b of the upper 200 transitions to the lateral region 210a of the upper 200. Perforations 210d and 210i are arranged in the following region of the upper 200, where the region 202c adapted to receive the forefoot transitions to the region 202b adapted to receive the midfoot. Specifically, perforation 210i is arranged in the (outer) midfoot region 204b of the upper 200, and perforation 201d is arranged in the (outer) body-side region 204a of the upper 200. Furthermore, perforations 210e-210h are arranged in the region 202a of the upper 200 adapted to receive the rearfoot. For example, perforations 210e and 210f are arranged in the (outer) body-side portion 204a of the upper 200, and perforations 210g and 210f are arranged in the (outer) midfoot portion 204b of the upper 200.

[0113] Furthermore, the upper 200 includes elongated perforations 220. These elongated perforations 220 are arranged in a region 202b of the upper 200 suitable for receiving the midfoot. The elongated perforations 220 extend substantially along the entire region 202b of the upper 200 suitable for receiving the midfoot. In other words, the elongated perforations 220 extend from a region 202a suitable for receiving the hindfoot to a region 202c suitable for receiving the forefoot. The elongated perforations 220 abut ribs 250a and 250b. Specifically, the elongated perforations 220 abut rib 250b in the lateral region 204a and in the midfoot region 204b. The size and geometry of the elongated perforations 220 substantially conform to the size and geometry of the upper 200 in the region 202b suitable for receiving the midfoot.

[0114] The upper 200 further includes a plurality of eyelets 240a-240f. Specifically, eyelets 240a-240e are arranged on the lateral side 204a of the upper 200. Furthermore, eyelets 240f are arranged on the mid-proximal side 204b of the upper 200. Typically, the number of eyelets on the lateral side 204a can be the same as the number of eyelets on the mid-proximal side 204b. In other words, for each eyelet on the lateral side 204a, a corresponding eyelet can exist on the mid-proximal side 204b. The eyelets 240a-240f are integrally manufactured with the upper 200, for example, based on a first additive manufacturing method.

[0115] like Figure 2C As shown, the upper 200 further includes a cushioning element 230. The cushioning element is disposed in a region of the upper 200 adapted to receive the heel. This region of the upper 200 is a sub-region of a region 202a adapted to receive the rearfoot. The cushioning element 230 is integrated into the inner surface 210b of the upper 200. The cushioning element 230 extends from the lateral region 204a along the inner surface 210b of the upper 200 toward the midfoot region 204b of the upper 200. Specifically, the cushioning element 230 surrounds the heel region of the upper 200. The cushioning element 230 includes an integrally printed grid structure 234a-234c (not all labeled). Specifically, the integrally printed grid structure 234a-234c includes a beam-based grid structure. In particular, the beams 234a-234c of the grid structure are arranged to form gaps 238a, 238b (not all labeled). For example, gap 238a is formed by beams 234a and 234b, and gap 238b is formed by beams 224b and 234c.

[0116] Figure 3 A cross-section of an exemplary embodiment of the upper 300 is shown. The upper 300 includes an outer surface 310a and an inner surface 310b. The thickness of the upper 300 varies along the upper 300, for example, from the top region 306b of the upper 300 toward the bottom region 306a of the upper 300. For example, the thickness of the upper is substantially constant in the top region 306b of the upper and increases toward the bottom region 306a of the upper 300. Specifically, the thickness of the upper 300 in the top region 306b is substantially d1. The thickness of the upper 300 may (then) increase toward the bottom region 306a, such that the thickness of the upper 300 is d2. The thickness of the upper 300 increases continuously and / or smoothly along the upper 300. The thickness of the upper 300 may be greatest in the bottom region 306a of the upper 300.

[0117] The upper 300 further includes a cushioning element 320 in the sole region 306a of the shoe. The cushioning element 320 is integrated into the sole of the upper 300, for example, the portion of the upper 300 located in the sole region 306a. The cushioning element 320 includes a plurality of cushioning members 320a-320h. The cushioning members 320a-320h extend from the side region 304a of the upper 300 toward the mid-shoe region 304b of the upper 300. The cushioning members 320a-320h include a spring-like shape. In particular, the spring-like shape of the cushioning members 320a-320h includes a spring-like shape extending in a vertical direction, for example, from region 306a toward region 306b. Furthermore, the upper 300 includes eyelets 330a, 330b.

[0118] Figure 4A bottom side view of an exemplary embodiment of the sole unit 400 is shown. The sole unit 400 may be manufactured based on a second additive manufacturing method, such as 3D printing. Specifically, the sole unit 400 is manufactured separately from the upper. The sole unit 400 may be manufactured based on selective laser sintering. For example, the second additive manufacturing method may be based on a second printing material. For example, the second printing material may comprise powder, such as a powder comprising polyamide. The sole unit 400 includes an outer surface 400a, such as a surface adapted to face the ground when the sole unit 400 is disposed in a shoe.

[0119] The sole unit 400 includes a plurality of studs 410a-410k. Specifically, studs 410a-410k include stud bases; for example, each of studs 410a-410k includes a stud base. Studs 410a, 410b, 410j, and 410k are arranged in a region 402a of the sole unit 400 adapted to receive the rear foot. Specifically, studs 410a and 410b are arranged in the (outer) body-side portion 404a of the sole unit 400, and studs 410j and 410k are arranged in the (outer) proximal portion 404b of the sole unit 400. Furthermore, studs 410c-410i are arranged in a region 402c of the sole unit adapted to receive the forefoot. Specifically, studs 410c, 410d, and 410f are arranged in the (outer) body-side portion 404a of the sole unit 400. Furthermore, studs 410g, 410h, and 410i are arranged in the (outer) mid-section 404b of the sole unit 400. Stud 410e is arranged in the central section of the sole unit 400, for example, in the section where the lateral section 404a transitions to the mid-section 404b.

[0120] The sole unit 400 further includes ribs 420a and 420b. Ribs 420a and 420b are arranged in a region 402b of the sole unit 400 adapted to receive the midfoot. Specifically, rib 420a is arranged in the (lateral) lateral portion 404a, and rib 420b is arranged in the (lateral) proximal portion 404b of the sole unit 400. Specifically, rib 420a extends between stud 410b and stud 410c. Furthermore, rib 420b extends between stud 410j and stud 410i. The geometry, such as curvature, of the ribs 420a and 420b substantially follows the geometry, such as curvature, of the sole unit 400 in the region 402b adapted to receive the midfoot.

[0121] Figure 5A bottom side view of an exemplary embodiment of shoe 500 is shown. Shoe 500 includes an upper 510 and a sole unit 520. Specifically, the sole unit 520 is disposed in the upper 510. The upper 510 covers a portion of the lower surface 520a of the sole unit 520. In particular, the upper 510 covers a portion of the lower surface 520a of the sole unit 520. The upper 510 includes a plurality of openings 515a-515k. Openings 515a, 515b, 515j, and 515k are disposed in a region 502a of the upper 510 adapted to receive the rear foot. In addition, openings 515c-515i are disposed in a region 502c of the upper adapted to receive the forefoot. The upper 510 further includes an elongated opening 517. The elongated opening 517 is disposed in a region 502b of the upper 510 adapted to receive the midfoot. The upper 510 and the sole unit 520 are manufactured separately; for example, the upper 510 and the sole unit 520 are separate components of the shoe 500. A portion of the sole unit 520 may be attached to a portion of the upper 510. For example, a portion of the lower surface 520a of the sole unit 520 may be attached to a portion of the inner surface of the upper 510. In some embodiments, this portion of the sole unit 520 may be glued to the inner surface of the upper 510.

[0122] The sole unit 520 includes a plurality of studs 525a-525k. Studs 525a-525k include stud bases. Studs 525a, 525b, 525j, and 525k are arranged in a region 502a of the sole unit 520 adapted to receive the rear foot. Additionally, studs 525c-525i are arranged in a region 502c of the sole unit 520 adapted to receive the forefoot. Studs 525a-525k protrude from eyelets 515a-515k. Specifically, studs 525a-525k protrude from eyelets 515a-515k to form grounding elements of the shoe 500. Each stud 525a-525k protrudes from a corresponding eyelet 515a-515k. For example, stud 525a protrudes from eyelet 515a, and stud 525b protrudes from eyelet 515b. Typically, the dimensions and / or geometry and / or position of the eyelets 515a-515k are based on the dimensions and / or geometry and / or position of the corresponding cleats 525a-525k. For example, the dimensions and / or geometry and / or position of eyelet 515a are based on the dimensions and / or geometry and / or position of cleat 525a. Similarly, the dimensions and / or geometry and / or position of eyelet 515b are based on the dimensions and / or geometry and / or position of cleat 525b. In other words, the dimensions and / or geometry and / or position of the eyelets 515a-515k are such that the corresponding cleats 525a-525k are adapted to pass through the eyelets 515a-515k.

[0123] Figure 6A side view of an exemplary embodiment of a shoe 600 is shown. The shoe 600 includes an upper 610 and a sole unit 620. Figure 6 In the configuration shown, the sole unit 620 is not fully inserted into and / or arranged within the upper 610. The sole unit 620 is partially inserted into the upper 610 through an ankle opening 617. The sole unit 620 includes at least one stud 625. The upper 610 includes a tongue 615. The tongue 615 is integrally manufactured with the upper 610. In other words, the upper 610 and the tongue 615 are one-piece. The upper 610 may be manufactured based on a first additive manufacturing method, such as stereolithography. The tongue 615 may be manufactured based on the same additive manufacturing method as the upper 610, such as stereolithography.

[0124] Figure 7 A side-view diagram of an exemplary embodiment of shoe 700 is shown. Shoe 700 includes an upper 710 and a sole unit 720. The sole unit 720 is inserted into the upper 710. Specifically, the sole unit 720 is inserted into the upper 710 such that the sole unit 720 is arranged within the upper 710. In particular, the upper 710 encloses the sole unit 720. The upper 710 includes an outer surface 710a and an inner surface 710b. The outer surface 710a of the upper 710 includes a region 715a containing a grid structure and a closed region 715b. The grid structure includes a beam-based grid structure. In particular, the beams of the beam-based grid structure form gaps in the upper 710, such as gaps penetrating the upper 710. Specifically, the region 715a containing the grid structure is arranged in a region adapted to receive the arch of the foot. Specifically, the region 715a containing the grid structure is arranged in a region 702b adapted to receive the midfoot. The region 715a, including the grid structure, begins at the ankle opening 712 of the upper 710 and continues toward the region 702b adapted to receive the midfoot. Region 715a terminates in the region 702c adapted to receive the forefoot. Furthermore, the region 715a including the grid structure is arranged such that the grid structure surrounds the ankle opening 712 of the upper 710. The region 715a including the grid structure transitions to a closed region 715b. Specifically, the closed region 715b is arranged in the body-side boundary region 704a of the upper 710. Furthermore, the closed region 715b is arranged in the forefoot region 702c of the upper 710, particularly in the region adapted to receive the toes.

[0125] Figure 8A body-side view of an exemplary embodiment of shoe 800 is shown. The shoe includes an upper 810 and a sole plate (not shown). The upper 810 may be manufactured based on a first additive manufacturing method, such as 3D printing. The first additive manufacturing method may include stereolithography. The upper includes an outer surface 810a and an inner surface 810b. The upper 810 further includes an ankle opening 817. For example, a sole plate (not shown) may be inserted into the upper through the ankle opening 817. The upper 810 includes a plurality of openings 830a-830d. ​​The plurality of openings 830a-830d are arranged on the side of the upper 810 adapted to face the ground. The outer surface 810a of the upper 810 includes a region 815a containing a grid structure and a closed region 815b. The closed region 815b is arranged in a body-side region 804a of the upper 810. Specifically, the closed region 815b is arranged in the outer body-side region 804a of the upper 810. Furthermore, a closed region 815b is arranged in the region 802c of the upper 810 suitable for receiving the forefoot. Specifically, the closed region 815b is arranged in the region of the upper 810 suitable for receiving the toes. Typically, the closed region 815b is arranged to surround the lateral boundary of the upper and the forefoot / toe region 802c of the upper. Furthermore, the closed region 815b can continue from the forefoot / toe region 802c toward the midfoot region 804b of the upper. For example, the closed region 815b can surround the lateral and / or boundary midfoot region 804b of the upper 810. In other words, the closed region 815b can be arranged to (continuously) surround the lateral, forefoot, and midfoot (boundary) regions of the upper 810. A region 815a including a grid structure is arranged in the region of the upper suitable for receiving the arch. Specifically, the region 815a including a grid structure is arranged in the region 802b of the upper 810 suitable for receiving the midfoot. A region 815a, including a grid structure, surrounds and / or encircles the ankle opening 817 of the upper 810. Specifically, the region 815a including the grid structure extends from the side 804a ankle opening 817 region toward the rear 802a ankle opening 817a region, and from the rear 802a ankle opening 817a region toward the mid-to-center 804b ankle opening 817 region. The ankle opening region 817 is surrounded and / or encircled by a closed region 820.

[0126] Figure 9 A top view of an exemplary embodiment of a portion of a shoe 900 is shown. This portion of the shoe 900 includes a sole unit 910 and a reinforcing element 920. The sole unit 910 may be manufactured based on a second additive manufacturing method, such as 3D printing. The sole unit 910 may be manufactured based on selective laser sintering. For example, the second additive manufacturing method, such as selective laser sintering, may be based on a second printing material. The second printing material may comprise powder, such as powder comprising polyamide. The sole unit 910 includes a plurality of studs 930a, 930b, 930c (not all labeled).

[0127] The reinforcing element 920 includes a plurality of fingers 925a-925e. The plurality of fingers 925a-925e extend from a region 902b adapted to receive the midfoot toward a region 902c adapted to receive the forefoot. Specifically, the plurality of fingers 925a-925e extend toward the toe region of the sole unit 910. The fingers 925a extend along the (outer) lateral portion 904a of the sole unit 910. Furthermore, the fingers 925e extend along the (outer) midfoot portion 904b of the sole unit 910. The fingers 925b, 925c, and 925d are arranged in the central region of the sole unit 920, for example, the region where the lateral portion 904a transitions to the midfoot portion 904b. The shape and geometry of the fingers 925a and 925e substantially conform to the shape of the sole unit 910. For example, the curvature of finger 925a substantially follows the curvature of the body boundary of sole unit 910. Furthermore, the curvature of finger 925e substantially follows the curvature of the near-middle boundary of sole unit 910.

[0128] exist Figure 9 In the illustrated embodiment, the reinforcing element 920 is a separately manufactured reinforcing element. In other words, the reinforcing element 920 is not integrally manufactured with the sole unit 910. Specifically, the reinforcing element 920 is a separately manufactured reinforcing element placed on the upper surface 910a of the sole unit 910. In some embodiments, the reinforcing element 920 may be integrally manufactured with the sole unit 910. In other words, the reinforcing element 920 and the sole unit 910 may be a single piece. For example, the reinforcing element 920 may be manufactured based on a second additive manufacturing method. Typically, the reinforcing element 920 may be integrally manufactured with the sole unit 910 such that the reinforcing element 920 is disposed on the upper surface 910a of the sole unit 910. Additionally or alternatively, the reinforcing element 920 may be integrally manufactured with the sole unit 910 such that at least a portion of the reinforcing element 920 is disposed within the sole unit 910, for example, below the upper surface 910a of the sole unit 910.

[0129] Figures 10A to 10CAnother exemplary embodiment of shoe 1000 is shown. Shoe 1000 includes an upper 1010 and a sole unit 1020. The upper 1010 and the sole unit 1020 are separately manufactured components. For example, the upper 1010 may be manufactured based on a first additive manufacturing method, and the sole unit 1020 may be manufactured based on a second additive manufacturing method. Specifically, the first additive manufacturing method may differ from the second additive manufacturing method. The upper 1010 at least partially covers the sole unit 1020. For example, the upper 1010 covers the sole unit 1020 such that the boundary region of the sole unit 1020 is covered by the upper 1010. In particular, the upper covers the sole unit 1020 such that the entire boundary region, such as the near-neutral body boundary, is covered by the upper 1010. In other words, at least a portion of the upper 1010 covers the boundary region of the sole unit 1020 to surround the boundary region of the sole unit 1020.

[0130] like Figure 10C As best shown, the sole unit 1020 includes a plurality of studs 1030a-1030k. Specifically, studs 1030a, 1030b, 1030c, 1030h, 1030i, 1030j, and 1030k are arranged in a region 1002c of the shoe 1000 suitable for receiving the forefoot. For example, studs 1030a, 1030b, and 1030c are arranged on the side 1004a of the shoe 1000, studs 1030h, 1030i, and 1030j are arranged on the midfoot side 1004b of the shoe 1000, and stud 1030k is arranged in the central portion of the shoe 1000, for example, in the region where the side 1004a transitions to the midfoot side 1004b. Furthermore, studs 1030d, 1030e, 1030f, and 1030g are arranged in the area 1002a of the shoe 1000 suitable for receiving the rear foot. Specifically, studs 1030d and 1030e are arranged on the side 1004a of the shoe 1000, and studs 1030f and 1030g are arranged on the mid-proximal side 1004b of the shoe 1000.

[0131] The upper 1010, particularly its outer surface, includes a region comprising a grid structure. Furthermore, the upper 1010 includes closed regions 1040a, 1040b, 1043a, 1043b, 1046a, and 1046b. Closed regions 1040a, 1043a, and 1046a are arranged on the side 1004a of the shoe 1000. Specifically, closed region 1040a is arranged in the arch region of the shoe 1000. Furthermore, closed region 1043a is arranged at the ankle opening of the shoe 1000 and / or the upper 1010. Additionally, closed region 1046a is arranged at the heel portion of the shoe 1000 and / or the upper 1010. Closure element 1040a continues along the arch region of the upper 1010 and transitions to closed region 1043a.

[0132] Similarly, closure regions 1040b, 1043b, and 1046b are arranged on the proximal side 1004b of the shoe 1000. Specifically, closure region 1040b is arranged in the arch region of the shoe 1000. Furthermore, closure region 1043b is arranged at the ankle opening of the shoe 1000 and / or the upper 1010. Additionally, closure region 1046b is arranged at the heel portion of the shoe 1000 and / or the upper 1010. The closure element 1040b continues along the arch region of the upper 1010 and transitions to closure region 1043b.

[0133] Figure 11A and 11B An exemplary embodiment of a sole unit 1100 according to the present invention is shown. The sole unit 1100 includes an outer surface 1100a and an inner surface 1100b. Specifically, the sole unit 1100 includes a plurality of spike bases 1110a-1110j that protrude from the outer surface 1100a of the sole unit 1100. For example, spike bases 1110a, 1110b, 1110c, 1110h, 1110i, and 1110j are arranged in a region 1102c of the sole unit 1100 adapted to receive a forefoot. Furthermore, spike bases 1110d, 1110e, 1110f, and 1110g are arranged in a region 1102a of the sole unit 1100 adapted to receive a rearfoot. Specifically, the spike bases 1110a, 1110b, 1110c, 1110d, and 1110e are arranged on the (outer) side 1104a of the sole unit 1100. Furthermore, the spike bases 1110f, 1110g, 1110h, 1110i, and 1110j are arranged on the (outer) mid-side 1104b of the sole unit 1110. Additionally, the sole unit 1100 includes spike bases 1130a and 1130b, which are arranged in a region 1102c of the sole unit 1100 suitable for receiving the forefoot. Specifically, the spike bases 1130a and 1130b are arranged in the central region of the sole unit 1100, for example, in the region where the mid-side 1104b of the sole unit 1100 transitions to the side 1104a. The spike bases 1110a, 1110b, 1110c, 1110h, 1110i, and 1110j arranged in the region 1102c suitable for receiving the forefoot include—different geometry and / or size from the spike bases 1110d, 1110e, 1110f, and 1110g arranged in the region 1102a suitable for receiving the hindfoot.

[0134] Furthermore, the sole unit 1110 includes a plurality of spike tips 1120a-1120j. Specifically, spike tips 1120a-1120j are arranged on corresponding spike bases 1110a-1110j. For example, spike tip 1120a is arranged on spike base 1110a, spike tip 1120b is arranged on spike base 1110b, and spike tip 1120c is arranged on spike base 1110c. For example, spike tips 1120a-1120j may be molded onto corresponding spike bases 1110a-1110j. Spike tips 1120a-1120j are arranged on corresponding spike bases 1110a-1110j so as to protrude from the corresponding spike bases 1110a-1110j.

[0135] Typically, the tips 1120a-1120j of the cleat are arranged on the corresponding cleat bases 1110a-1110j for displacement relative to the corresponding cleat bases 1110a-1110j. For example, cleat tip 1120a is arranged on cleat base 1110a for displacement relative to cleat base 1110a, cleat tip 1120b is arranged on cleat base 1110b for displacement relative to cleat base 1110b, and cleat tip 1120c is arranged on cleat base 1110c for displacement relative to cleat base 1110c. Specifically, the cleat tips 1120a-1120j are displaced relative to the corresponding cleat bases 1110a-1110j to form / generate corresponding offsets 1125a-1125j. For example, the spike tip 1120a and spike base 1110a form / generate a deviation 1125a, the spike tip 1120b and spike base 1110b form / generate a deviation 1125b, and the spike tip 1120c and spike base 1110c form / generate a deviation 1125c. Corresponding deviations 1125a-1125j are formed / generated by corresponding spike tips 1120a-1120j, the width of which is greater than the width associated with the corresponding spike base 1110a-1110j. Typically, the displacement / deviation 1125a-1125j between the spike base 1110a-1110j and the spike tips 1120a-1120j facilitates a smooth transition between the sole unit 1110 and the upper (when the sole unit 1110 is arranged in the shoe / upper). The smoother transition between the sole unit 1110 and the upper improves the functionality of the shoe—including the sole unit 1110.

[0136] The sole unit 1110 further includes an edge 1140. The edge 1140 is disposed on the outer surface 1100a of the sole unit 1100. Specifically, the edge 1140 protrudes from the outer surface 1100a of the sole unit 1100. The edge 1140 surrounds the outer surface 1100a of the sole unit 1100 to form a raised ring. For example, the edge 1140 is arranged to separate the spike bases 1130a, 1130b from the spike bases 1110a-1110j. Specifically, the edge 1140 is continuous on the outer surface 1110a of the sole unit 1100 to abut the inner side of the spike bases 1110a-1110j and the outer side of the spike base 1130b. In other words, the edge 1140, particularly the raised ring, is defined by the spike bases 1110a-1110j. The geometry and / or shape of the edge 1140, particularly the raised ring, substantially conforms to the geometry and / or shape of the sole unit 1100. Typically, the edge 1140 enables improved alignment of the sole unit 1100 with the upper.

[0137] Figure 12A and 12B An exemplary embodiment of a shoe 1200 according to the present invention is shown. The shoe 1200 includes an upper 1210 and a sole unit 1220. The sole unit 1220 includes a plurality of stud domes (not shown) and a plurality of stud tips 1230a-1230j. Specifically, the stud tips 1230a-1230j are arranged on corresponding stud bases, for example, molded on the corresponding stud bases. Typically, the stud tips 1230a-1230j may be arranged on the corresponding stud bases to form / create an offset (see, for example, see...). Figure 11A and 11BThe tips of the studs 1230a, 1230b, 1230i, and 1230j are arranged in the region 1202a of the sole unit 1220 suitable for receiving the rear foot. For example, the tips of the studs 1230a and 1230b are arranged on the (outer) proximal side 1204b of the sole unit 1220. Furthermore, the tips of the studs 1230i and 1230j are arranged on the (outer) side side 1204a of the sole unit 1200. The tips of the studs 1230c-1230h are arranged in the region 1202c suitable for receiving the forefoot. Specifically, the tips 1230c, 1230d, and 1230e of the studs are arranged on the (outer) proximal side 1204b of the sole unit 1220, and the tips 1230f, 1230g, and 1230h of the studs are arranged on the (outer) lateral side 1204a of the sole unit 1220. The studs 1240a and 1240b are arranged in the central region of the sole unit 1220, for example, in the region where the proximal side 1204b of the sole unit 1200 transitions to the lateral side 1204a. The sole unit 1220 further includes an edge 1250. The edge 1250 is arranged on the outer surface of the sole unit 1220. Specifically, the edge 1250 surrounds the outer surface of the sole unit 1220. The edge 1250 is continuous on the outer surface to form a raised ring.

[0138] The upper 1210 covers a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit 1220. Specifically, the upper 1210 covers this portion of the sole unit 1220 such that the upper 1210 wraps around this portion of the lower surface of the sole unit 1220. Specifically, the upper 1210 wraps around the outer region of the sole unit 1220. For example, the upper wraps around the (outer) region of the sole unit 1220—defined and / or bounded by the edge 1250 of the sole unit 1220. In particular, the ends and / or boundaries of the upper 1210 abut the edge 1250 of the sole unit 1220. Typically, the width associated with the portion of the sole unit 1220 covered by the upper 1210 (e.g., the portion of the upper 1210 that wraps around the sole unit 1220) varies along the shoe 1200. For example, the width associated with the portion of the sole unit 1220 covered by the upper 1210—in the region 1202c of the sole unit 1220 adapted to receive the forefoot—is d1. Furthermore, the width associated with the portion of the sole unit 1220 covered by the upper 1210—in the region 1202b of the sole unit 1220 adapted to receive the midfoot—is d2. Furthermore, the width associated with the portion of the sole unit 1220 covered by the upper 1210—in the region 1202a of the sole unit 1220 adapted to receive the heel—is d3.

[0139] The upper 1210 includes a plurality of openings 1215a-1215j. Openings 1215a, 1215b, 1215i, and 1215j are arranged in a region 1202a of the upper 1210 suitable for receiving the rear foot. For example, openings 1215a and 1215b are arranged on the (outer) proximal side 1204b of the upper 1210, and openings 1215i and 1215j are arranged on the (outer) lateral side 1204a of the upper 1210. Furthermore, openings 1215c-1215h are arranged in a region 1202c of the upper 1210 suitable for receiving the forefoot. For example, eyelets 1215c, 1215d, and 1215e are located on the (outer) mid-side 1204b of the upper 1210, and eyelets 1215f, 1215g, and 1215h are located on the (outer) side-side 1204a of the upper 1210. Multiple stud tips 1230a-1230j protrude through corresponding eyelets 1215a-1215j of the upper 1210. For example, stud tip 1230a protrudes through eyelet 1215a, stud tip 1230b protrudes through eyelet 1215b, and stud tip 1230c protrudes through eyelet 1215c.

[0140] The upper 1210, particularly the outer surface of the upper 1210, includes a closed region 1212a, a closed structural region 1212b, and a region 1212c containing a beam-based grid structure, such as Figure 12BAs shown. Specifically, a closed region 1212a is arranged in region 1202c of the upper 1210 adapted to receive the forefoot (particularly the toe area). A closed structural region 1212b is arranged in region 1202b of the upper 1210 adapted to receive the midfoot. For example, the closed region 1212a transitions to the closed structural region 1212b, for example, along a direction from region 1202c to region 1202b. For example, the closed structural region 1212b includes a plurality of beams, for example, continuous beams on the closed surface of the upper 1210. A region 1212c including a beam-based grid structure is arranged in region 1202a of the upper 1210 adapted to receive the rearfoot. Specifically, the region 1212c including a beam-based grid structure is arranged in the ankle region of the upper, for example, below the ankle opening 1260 of the upper 1210 and / or shoe 1200. Furthermore, the upper includes continuous segments 1214, 1215, and 1216. A continuous segment 1215 is arranged at the ankle opening 1260 of the upper 1210. Specifically, the continuous segment 1215 surrounds the ankle opening 1260 of the upper 1210. The continuous segment 1215 transitions to a continuous segment 1216. The continuous segment 1216 is arranged in the area of ​​the upper 1210 suitable for receiving the arch of the foot. The continuous segment 1216 transitions to the closed area 1212a of the upper 1210. Furthermore, a continuous segment 1214 continues from the ankle opening 1260 of the upper toward the upper 1210 and / or the bottom / ground portion of the shoe 1200. Specifically, the continuous segment 1214 continues from the continuous segment 1215 toward the stud tips 1230j of the sole plate 1220 and / or toward the eyelets 1215j of the upper 1210.

[0141] Figure 13A and 13B An exemplary embodiment of an upper 1300 according to the present invention is shown. The upper 1300 includes an outer surface 1300a. Furthermore, the upper 1300 includes a plurality of openings 1310a-1310e. Openings 1310a, 1310b, and 1310c are arranged in a region 1302c of the upper 1300 adapted to receive a forefoot. Furthermore, openings 1310d and 1310e are arranged in a region 1302a of the upper 1300 adapted to receive a rearfoot. Openings 1310a-1310e are arranged on the (outer) body side of the upper 1300. In some embodiments, the upper 1300 may also include openings on the (outer) midline side of the upper 1300. For example, the number of openings on the (outer) midline side of the upper 1300 may be the same as the number of openings 1310a-1310e on the (outer) body side of the upper 1300.

[0142] The upper 1300, particularly the outer surface 1300a of the upper 1300, includes a closed region 1302a, a closed structural region 1302b, and a region 1302c comprising a beam-based lattice structure. The closed region 1302a is arranged in the region 1302c of the upper 1300 adapted to receive the forefoot. Specifically, the closed region 1302a is arranged on the top side of the upper 1300. The closed structural region 1302b is arranged in the region 1302a adapted to receive the rearfoot, the region 1302b adapted to receive the midfoot, and the region 1302c adapted to receive the forefoot. Specifically, the closed structural region 1302b surrounds the upper 1300, for example, the side and / or midfoot surfaces of the upper 1300. On the top side of the portion 1302 of the upper 1300 adapted to receive the forefoot, the closed structural region 1302b transitions into the closed region 1302a.

[0143] A region 1302c containing a beam-based grid structure is arranged in a region 1302b of the upper 1300 adapted to receive the midfoot and a region 1302a of the upper 1300 adapted to receive the rearfoot. Specifically, the region 1302c containing the beam-based grid structure is arranged on the proximal and / or lateral surfaces of the upper 1300. The region 1302c containing the beam-based grid structure includes a plurality of beams. The first portion 1320a, 1320b, 1320c (not all labeled) of each of the plurality of beams originates from a continuous segment 1304a of the upper 1300. Each first portion 1320a, 1320b, 1320c of the respective beam—widens as the first portion 1320a, 1320b, 1320c continues toward the closed structural region 1302b. Specifically, the first portions 1320a, 1320b, and 1320c of the corresponding beams are widened based on stacking and / or layering. For example, the first portion 1320a of the beam is stacked and / or layered with portion / beam 1323a, the first portion 1320b of the beam is stacked and / or layered with portion / beam 1323b, and the first portion 1320c of the beam is stacked and / or layered with portion / beam 1323c. Typically, the width associated with portion 1323a is greater than the width associated with portion 1320a, the width associated with portion 1323b is greater than the width associated with portion 1320b, and the width associated with portion 1323c is greater than the width associated with portion 1320c. Furthermore, beam portion 1323a is stacked and / or layered with portion / beam 1326a, beam portion 1323b is stacked and / or layered with portion / beam 1326b, and beam portion 1323c is stacked and / or layered with portion / beam 1326c. Typically, the width associated with portion 1326a is greater than the width associated with portion 1323a, the width associated with portion 1326b is greater than the width associated with portion 1323b, and the width associated with portion 1326c is greater than the width associated with portion 1323c. Moreover, beam portion 1326a is stacked and / or layered with portion / beam 1329a, beam portion 1326b is stacked and / or layered with portion / beam 1329b, and beam portion 1326c is stacked and / or layered with portion / beam 1329c. Typically, the width associated with part 1329a is greater than the width associated with part 1326a, the width associated with part 1329b is greater than the width associated with part 1326b, and the width associated with part 1329c is greater than the width associated with part 1326c.

[0144] Specifically, the width associated with portions 1329a, 1329b, and 1329c is large enough that portions 1329a, 1329b, and 1329c contact each other. For example, portion 1329a contacts portion 1329b, and portion 1329b contacts portion 1329c. In particular, portions 1329a, 1329b, and 1329c contact each other to form / create a closed structural region 1302b. In other words, portions 1320a, 1323a, 1326a and 1329a, portions 1320b, 1323b, 1326b and 1329b, and portions 1320c, 1323c, 1326c and 1329c are arranged to form / create a seamless transition from region 1302c containing the beam-based grid structure toward the closed structural region 1302b, for example, by gradually increasing the width of the beams, for example, based on stacked / layered beams, such that the beams (especially portions 1329a, 1329b, 1329c) merge with each other to form / create the structural closed region 1302b.

[0145] Furthermore, the upper 1300 includes continuous segments 1304a, 1304b, and 1304c. Continuous segment 1304a is disposed in a region of the upper 1300 suitable for receiving the arch of the foot, for example, in the arch region of the upper 1300. Continuous segment 1304b is disposed at the ankle opening 1320 of the upper 1300. Specifically, continuous segment 1304b surrounds the ankle opening 1320 of the upper 1300. Continuous segment 1304a transitions into continuous segment 1304b. Continuous segments 1304a and 1304b define a region 1302c containing a beam-based lattice structure. Furthermore, continuous segment 1304c is disposed in a region of the upper 1300 suitable for receiving the heel. Continuous segments 1304c are arranged within regions 1302c containing beam-based grid structures, for example, continuous segments 1304c are arranged on beam-based grid structures.

[0146] Figure 14A and 14BAn exemplary embodiment of an upper 1400 according to the present invention is shown. The upper 1400 includes an outer surface 1400a. Furthermore, the upper 1400 includes a plurality of openings 1410a-1410e. Openings 1410a, 1410b, and 1410c are arranged in a region 1402c of the upper 1400 adapted to receive a forefoot. Furthermore, openings 1410d and 1410e are arranged in a region 1402a of the upper 1400 adapted to receive a rearfoot. Openings 1410a-1410e are arranged on the (outer) body side of the upper 1400. In some embodiments, the upper 1400 may also include openings on the (outer) mesial side of the upper 1400. For example, the number of openings on the (outer) mesial side of the upper 1400 may be the same as the number of openings 1410a-1410e on the (outer) body side of the upper 1400.

[0147] The upper 1400, particularly the outer surface 1400a of the upper 1400, includes a closed region 1402a, a closed structural region 1402b, and a region 1402c comprising a beam-based lattice structure. The closed region 1402a is arranged in the region 1402c of the upper 1400 adapted to receive the forefoot. Specifically, the closed region 1402a is arranged on the top side of the upper 1400. The closed structural region 1402b is arranged in the region 1402a adapted to receive the rearfoot, the region 1402b adapted to receive the midfoot, and the region 1402c adapted to receive the forefoot. Specifically, the closed structural region 1402b surrounds the upper 1400, for example, the lateral and / or midfoot surfaces of the upper 1400. On the top side of the portion 1402 of the upper 1400 adapted to receive the forefoot, the closed structural region 1402b transitions into the closed region 1402a.

[0148] Region 1402c, containing a beam-based grid structure, includes multiple beams 1420a, 1420b, 1420c (not all labeled). For example, beams 1420a, 1420b, 1420c originate from consecutive segments 1404a and / or 1404b. Beams 1420a, 1420b, 1420c continue from consecutive segments 1404c toward the closed structural region 1402b. Specifically, the width associated with beams 1420a, 1420b, 1420c increases before they reach the closed structural region 1402b. In particular, the width of beams 1420a, 1420b, 1420c increases to form / create widened portions 1425a, 1425b, 1425c. For example, the width of beam 1420a is increased to form a widened portion 1425a, the width of beam 1420b is increased to form a widened portion 1425b, and the width of beam 1420c is increased to form a widened portion 1425c. For example, the widened portions 1425a, 1425b, and 1425c include triangular geometry, for example, such that the triangles widen towards the closed structural region 1402b. The widened portions 1425a, 1425b, and 1425c widen such that portions 1425a, 1425b, and 1425c merge with each other, for example, to form / create the closed structural region 1402b.

[0149] Figure 15 A schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of a method 1500 for manufacturing a shoe is shown. Method 1500 includes the step of manufacturing a shoe upper 1510 based on a first additive manufacturing method. For example, manufacturing the shoe upper 1510 may be based on stereolithography. Furthermore, manufacturing the shoe upper 1510 may be based on a first printing material, such as resin. Additionally, manufacturing the shoe upper 1510 may include: manufacturing the shoe upper such that the shoe upper includes at least one opening. For example, the opening may be manufactured to receive at least one shoe nail.

[0150] Furthermore, method 1500 includes the step of manufacturing the 1520 sole unit based on a second additive manufacturing method. For example, manufacturing the 1520 sole unit may be based on selective laser sintering. Additionally, manufacturing the 1520 sole unit may be based on a second printing material, such as powder. Furthermore, manufacturing the 1520 sole unit may include manufacturing the sole unit such that the sole unit includes at least one cleat. Typically, the second additive manufacturing method may differ from the first additive manufacturing method. In other words, manufacturing the 1510 upper may be based on a different manufacturing method than manufacturing the 1520 sole unit.

[0151] Furthermore, method 1500 may include the step of scanning foot 1504. For example, scanning foot 1504 may include scanning an athlete's foot, wherein the athlete is suited to wear shoes manufactured according to method 1500. For example, scanning foot 1504 may include 3D scanning the foot.

[0152] Additionally or alternatively, method 1500 may include the step of manufacturing a shoe last 1508 based at least in part on a scan 1504 of the foot. For example, manufacturing the shoe last 1508 may include manufacturing a virtual and / or digital shoe last. For example, a virtual and / or digital shoe last may include a CAD model of a virtual and / or digital shoe last. Furthermore, manufacturing the shoe last 1508 may include manufacturing a physical shoe last, such as a physical shoe last based on a virtual and / or digital shoe last.

[0153] Additionally or alternatively, method 1500 may include the step of arranging at least a portion of the sole unit 1524 inside the upper. For example, arranging at least a portion of the sole unit 1524 inside the upper may include: inserting the at least portion of the sole unit into the upper. Specifically, inserting the at least portion of the sole unit into the upper may include: arranging the sole unit within the upper. Additionally or alternatively, arranging at least a portion of the sole unit 1524 inside the upper may include: aligning the at least portion of the sole unit with the inside of the upper. For example, the at least portion of the sole unit may be aligned with the inside of the upper such that at least one stud of the sole unit protrudes from at least one opening in the upper.

[0154] Additionally or alternatively, method 1500 may include the step of connecting at least a portion of the upper to at least a portion of the sole unit. For example, connecting at least a portion of the upper to at least a portion of the sole unit may include: adhesively bonding at least a portion of the upper to at least a portion of the sole unit.

Claims

1. A shoe, preferably a football boot, said shoe comprising an upper and a sole unit, wherein: The upper is manufactured using a first additive manufacturing method; The sole unit is manufactured using a second additive manufacturing method; and The second additive manufacturing method is different from the first additive manufacturing method.

2. The shoe according to claim 1, wherein, The upper and the sole unit are manufactured separately.

3. The shoe according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The first additive manufacturing method includes stereolithography; and / or The second additive manufacturing method includes selective laser sintering.

4. The shoe according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The first additive manufacturing method is based on a first printing material, wherein the first printing material comprises a resin; and / or The second additive manufacturing method is based on a second printing material, wherein the second printing material comprises powder; preferably, wherein the powder comprises polyamide.

5. The shoe according to claim 4, wherein, The resin comprises: Moisture-cured urethane; and / or Expandable elastomer polyurethane.

6. The shoe according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the upper covers at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit.

7. The shoe according to claim 6, wherein, The upper covers at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit, such that the upper wraps around at least a portion of the lower surface of the sole unit.

8. The shoe according to claim 6 or 7, wherein, The upper covers at least 50% of the lower surface of the sole unit, preferably at least 60%, more preferably at least 70%, and most preferably at least 80%.

9. The shoe according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The upper is adapted to receive at least a portion of the sole unit; preferably, the at least a portion of the sole unit is inserted into the upper.

10. The shoe according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, At least a portion of the upper and at least a portion of the sole unit are connected.

11. The shoe according to claim 10, wherein, The at least portion of the sole unit is glued to the at least portion of the upper; preferably, the at least portion of the sole unit is glued to the inner surface of the upper.

12. The shoe according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The upper includes at least one opening, and the sole unit includes at least one cleat.

13. The shoe according to claim 12, wherein, The at least one stud protrudes from the at least one opening in the upper of the shoe; preferably, the at least one stud protrudes from the at least one opening to at least partially form a grounding element of the shoe.

14. The shoe according to claim 12 or 13, wherein: The geometry of the at least one hole is based on the geometry of the at least one nail; and / or The size of the at least one hole is based on the size of the at least one shoe nail; and / or The number of the at least one hole is based on the number of the at least one shoe nail; and / or The position of the at least one hole is based on the position of the at least one shoe nail.

15. The shoe according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein: The sole unit includes at least 2 cleats, preferably at least 4 cleats, more preferably at least 6 cleats, even more preferably at least 8 cleats, and most preferably at least 10 cleats; and / or The sole unit includes up to 30 cleats, preferably up to 26 cleats, more preferably up to 22 cleats, even more preferably up to 18 cleats, and most preferably up to 14 cleats.

16. The shoe according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein: The at least one stud is disposed in an area of ​​the sole unit adapted to receive the forefoot and / or rearfoot; and / or The at least one stud is arranged in the side and / or near-middle region of the sole unit; preferably, the at least one stud is arranged in the outer side and / or outer near-middle region.

17. The shoe according to any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein, The at least one shoe nail includes a coating; preferably a coating based on polyurethane and / or thermoplastic polyurethane.

18. The shoe according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein, The shoe includes a tongue.

19. The shoe according to claim 18, wherein: The tongue is attached to the upper of the shoe; preferably, the tongue comprises a separately manufactured tongue; and / or The tongue includes a tongue integrally manufactured with the upper of the shoe; preferably, the tongue is manufactured based on the first additive manufacturing method.

20. The shoe according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein, The thickness of the sole unit: The thickness is at least 0.3 mm, preferably at least 0.6 mm, more preferably at least 0.9 mm, even more preferably at least 1.2 mm, and most preferably at least 1.5 mm; and / or The thickness is at most 4 mm, preferably at most 3.5 mm, more preferably at most 3 mm, even more preferably at most 2.5 mm, and most preferably at most 2 mm.

21. The shoe according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein, The sole unit includes at least one reinforcing element; preferably, the at least one reinforcing element is integrally manufactured with the sole unit.

22. The shoe according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein, The upper includes at least one cushioning element, wherein the cushioning element is integrated on the inner surface of the upper.

23. The shoe according to claim 22, wherein: The at least one buffer element includes a monolithically printed grid structure; and / or The at least one cushioning element is arranged in the area of ​​the upper suitable for receiving the heel.

24. The shoe according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein, At least a portion of the outer surface of the shoe upper includes a grid structure.

25. The shoe according to claim 24, wherein, At least a portion of the outer surface is disposed on the upper and / or the instep area of ​​the shoe.

26. A method for manufacturing shoes, preferably athletic shoes, the method comprising: The shoe upper is manufactured using the first additive manufacturing method; The sole unit is manufactured using a second additive manufacturing method; The second additive manufacturing method differs from the first additive manufacturing method.

27. The method for manufacturing shoes according to claim 26, wherein: The first additive manufacturing method includes stereolithography; and / or The second additive manufacturing method includes selective laser sintering.

28. The method for manufacturing shoes according to claim 26 or 27, the method further comprising: At least a portion of the sole unit is disposed on the inside of the upper; preferably, the upper covers the at least a portion of the sole unit.

29. The method for manufacturing shoes according to any one of claims 26 to 28, the method further comprising: At least a portion of the upper is connected to at least a portion of the sole unit; Preferably, connecting at least a portion of the upper to at least a portion of the sole unit includes: gluing the at least a portion of the upper to the at least a portion of the sole unit.

30. The method for manufacturing shoes according to any one of claims 26 to 29, the method further comprising: Scan feet.

31. The method for manufacturing shoes according to claim 30, the method further comprising: The shoe last is manufactured based at least in part on a scan of the foot; Preferably, the manufacturing of the shoe last includes generating a virtual and / or digital shoe last based at least in part on a scan of the foot.

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