Catheter occlusion detection sensor

Abstract

An intravenous (IV) catheter occlusion detection device that can monitor the rate of absorption of fluid in a fluid pathway throughout an IV treatment in order to detect an occlusion in the catheter or fluid pathway. The detection device includes an optical absorption sensor that includes a light source and one or more photodetectors. The light source emits red and infrared light toward the fluid pathway, and the photodetectors receive light reflected by the fluid pathway. By comparing the emitted light and the received light, the sensor can identify the amount of light absorbed by the fluid, calculate the rate of absorption, and identify the fluid. Because medical fluids and blood have different rates of absorption, the sensor can identify when blood is in the fluid pathway, and thus when the fluid pathway is occluded.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Application No. 19 / 089,938, filed March 25, 2025, entitled "CATHETER OCCLUSION DETECTION SENSOR". The entire contents of that application are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure generally relates to monitoring characteristics associated with intravenous fluid flow, and more specifically, to an intravenous monitoring system for identifying blockages in intravenous fluid flow by measuring absorption in the vein. Background Technology

[0004] Medical treatments typically involve infusing a patient with medical fluids (such as saline solutions or liquid medications) using an intravenous (IV) catheter, which is connected to a fluid source, such as an IV bag, via an arrangement of flexible tubing and fittings commonly referred to as an “IV kit.”

[0005] In some applications, IV catheters can become blocked due to improper insertion or various biological reactions within the patient over a prolonged period of active flow within the lumen. For example, blood clots may form within the patient's blood vessels, or the catheter line may become blocked by deposits from medications or parenteral nutrition solutions. If left untreated, IV line blockage increases the risk of underdosing and bloodstream infections. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The process of verifying fluid access blockage typically requires visual observation, critical thinking, and judgment from a clinician. In some cases, clinicians can determine the degree of blockage in a catheter by manually applying pressure to the catheter with a syringe or by observing the difficulty of drawing blood from the catheter. When a problem or difficulty is identified in the catheter or other devices connected to it (such as fluid access blockage, extravasation, or permeation), the catheter may be removed or replaced, or an enzyme may be introduced to restore fluid flow through the catheter. In some cases, using routine procedures (such as visual inspection or manual examination of IV fittings and catheters) may not accurately or promptly identify catheter-related problems or difficulties.

[0007] When an IV catheter is placed in a patient's vein and infusion begins, the concentration of blood in the patient's vein will decrease due to the flow of medical fluid from the IV kit. However, if there is a blockage in the fluid pathway, the blood concentration will subsequently increase. The disclosed subject matter relates to an IV catheter blockage detection device that can be coupled to an IV kit or catheter to identify fluid in the fluid pathway (i.e., whether there is blood or medical fluid in the fluid pathway) and detect blockage in the fluid pathway. The IV catheter blockage detection device includes a sensor that identifies the fluid by determining the fluid's "absorption rate".

[0008] The sensor in the detection device may include a light source (such as a light-emitting diode (LED) strip) that emits red and infrared light into the fluid path. The sensor may also include a photodetector that receives the red and infrared light reflected by the fluid in the fluid path. By comparing the red and infrared light emitted by the sensor with the red and infrared light received by the sensor, the detection device can calculate the absorptivity and identify the fluid in the fluid path.

[0009] The absorption coefficient determines the extent to which light of a specific wavelength penetrates a material before being absorbed. For example, in arteries, infrared light is readily absorbed by oxygenated blood, while red light is less readily absorbed. This means that oxygenated blood has a higher absorption coefficient for infrared light than for red light. Similarly, in veins, infrared light is poorly absorbed by deoxygenated blood, while red light is readily absorbed; therefore, deoxygenated blood has a lower absorption coefficient for infrared light than for red light. Finally, infrared light is very readily absorbed by water, while red light is poorly absorbed; therefore, water has a much higher absorption coefficient for infrared light than for red light. Thus, when the absorption rate is the infrared absorption coefficient divided by the red light absorption coefficient, the absorption rate of oxygenated blood is less than 1, the absorption rate of deoxygenated blood is greater than 1, and the absorption rate of water is less than 1. In some examples of this disclosure, the absorption rate of water is less than that of oxygenated blood.

[0010] IV catheter occlusion detection devices measure and track the rate of fluid absorption in the fluid pathway throughout IV therapy. By measuring and tracking the rate of fluid absorption in the fluid pathway, including, for example, before and during IV therapy, changes in the rate of absorption can be identified. When the rate of absorption increases, it is likely that there is blood in the fluid pathway, which indicates an occlusion. IV catheter occlusion detection devices can be ideal because they allow for timely identification of occlusions, which can allow clinicians, caregivers, or other actors to correct the condition causing the occlusion, reposition the IV kit or catheter, or otherwise replace the IV kit or catheter.

[0011] Therefore, some embodiments of this disclosure relate to an intravenous (IV) catheter occlusion sensor comprising: a light source configured to emit red and infrared light through a patient’s skin and toward a target site; and one or more photodetectors adjacent to the light source, the photodetectors being configured to receive and measure at least a portion of the red and infrared light reflected by the patient’s vein within the target site, thereby determining the absorption rate of fluid in the patient’s vein, wherein the sensor is configured to track the absorption rate to detect occlusion in the IV catheter.

[0012] In some embodiments, the light source is configured to emit red and infrared light through a portion of the patient's skin downstream of the infusion site.

[0013] In some embodiments, the target site is a patient's vein. In other embodiments, the target site is part of a receiving IV catheter in the patient's vein.

[0014] In some embodiments, the light source includes a light-emitting diode (LED) strip.

[0015] In some embodiments, red light includes wavelengths between about 650 nm and about 670 nm, and infrared light includes wavelengths between about 930 nm and about 950 nm.

[0016] In some embodiments, the absorptivity is the amount of infrared light absorbed by the fluid at the target site divided by the amount of red light absorbed by the fluid at the target site.

[0017] In some embodiments, the sensor further includes a lens having a proximal side and a distal side, wherein a light source and one or more photodetectors are coupled to the proximal side, and the distal side is configured to press against the patient's skin. Optionally, the sensor additionally includes a glass cover that encloses the light source and one or more photodetectors abutting the proximal side of the lens. Optionally, the lens comprises a glass substrate.

[0018] In some embodiments, the sensor is configured to track absorption rate and detect blockage in the IV catheter by determining a baseline absorption rate of fluid in the target site and identifying an increase in absorption rate relative to the baseline absorption rate. Optionally, the sensor is further configured to determine a new baseline absorption rate after a change in the flow rate of the IV catheter and identify an increase in absorption rate relative to the new baseline absorption rate.

[0019] Some embodiments of this disclosure relate to an intravenous (IV) catheter occlusion detector, the detector comprising: a panel including a distal surface configured to press against a patient's skin, a proximal surface opposite the distal surface, a first portion configured to be positioned close to the IV catheter when the distal surface presses against the patient's skin, and a second portion opposite the first portion; an optical absorption sensor positioned at the second portion of the panel, the optical absorption sensor comprising: a light source configured to emit red and infrared light through the patient's skin toward the patient's vein; and one or more photodetectors configured to receive and measure the red and infrared light reflected by the patient's vein, thereby determining the absorption rate of fluid in the patient's vein; and a display screen on the proximal surface configured to display the absorption rate.

[0020] In some embodiments, the light source emits red and infrared light from the distal side of the optical absorption sensor, and the display screen is positioned on the proximal side opposite the distal side.

[0021] In some embodiments, the detector further includes an opening in a first portion of the panel configured to receive an IV conduit. Optionally, the opening includes an oblique aperture extending from the first portion of the panel on a proximal surface toward a second portion on a distal surface.

[0022] Other embodiments of this disclosure relate to an intravenous (IV) catheter occlusion detector, the detector comprising: an optical absorption sensor including: a light source configured to emit red and infrared light through a patient’s skin toward a target site; one or more photodetectors configured to receive and measure the red and infrared light reflected from the patient’s vein, thereby determining the absorption rate of fluid in the target site; and a display screen configured to display the absorption rate.

[0023] In some embodiments, a light absorption sensor is positioned on a distal surface of the detector, the distal surface being configured to be adjacent to the patient’s skin, and a display is positioned on a proximal surface of the detector, the proximal surface being opposite the distal surface.

[0024] In some embodiments, the detector further includes a strap configured to attach the detector to the patient.

[0025] Additional features and advantages of the present subject matter will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will become apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present subject matter. The advantages of the present subject matter will be realized and obtained through the written description and embodiments, and the structures specifically pointed out in the accompanying drawings.

[0026] It should be understood that the general description above and the detailed description below are exemplary and illustrative, and are intended to provide further explanation of the technical subject matter. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Various features of illustrative embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The illustrated embodiments are intended to illustrate, not limit, the invention. The drawings include the following figures:

[0028] Figure 1A An IV kit connected to a patient is shown according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0029] Figure 1B A cross-sectional side view of a blockage sensing device coupled to a patient's arm when a catheter is in a patient's vein, according to an aspect of this disclosure, is shown.

[0030] Figure 1C A detailed cross-sectional side view of an optical absorption sensor of an obstruction sensing device coupled to a patient's arm, according to various aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0031] Figure 2A A first embodiment of a blockage detection device and an IV kit connected to a patient according to aspects of this disclosure are shown.

[0032] Figure 2B and Figure 2C Two perspective views of a blockage detection device according to a first embodiment of an aspect of this disclosure are shown.

[0033] Figure 2D A cross-sectional side view of a first embodiment of a blockage detection device, according to aspects of this disclosure, is shown attached to a patient's arm when the catheter is in a patient's vein.

[0034] Figure 2E Aspects according to this disclosure are shown Figure 2D The diagram shows a detailed cross-sectional side view of the blockage detection device of the first embodiment, which has a first arrangement of optical absorption sensors.

[0035] Figure 2F The aspects shown in this disclosure are from Figure 2E The top view of the first embodiment of the blockage detection device is taken from line 2F-2F.

[0036] Figure 2G Aspects according to this disclosure are shown Figure 2D The diagram shows a detailed cross-sectional side view of the blockage detection device of the first embodiment, which has a second arrangement of optical absorption sensors.

[0037] Figure 2H The aspects shown in this disclosure are from Figure 2GThe top view of the first embodiment of the blockage detection device is taken from line 2H-2H.

[0038] Figure 3A A second embodiment of a blockage detection device and an IV kit, which are connected to a patient according to aspects of this disclosure, are shown.

[0039] Figure 3B A cross-sectional side view of a second embodiment of a blockage detection device, according to aspects of this disclosure, is shown attached to the patient's arm when the catheter is in the patient's vein.

[0040] Figure 3C Aspects according to this disclosure are shown Figure 3B A detailed cross-sectional side view of the optical absorption sensor in the second embodiment of the blockage detection device is shown.

[0041] Figure 4 A third embodiment of a blockage detection device and an IV kit, which are connected to a patient according to aspects of this disclosure, are shown. Detailed Implementation

[0042] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a full understanding of the subject matter. The subject matter can be implemented without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the subject matter.

[0043] Furthermore, while this specification sets forth specific details of various embodiments, it should be understood that this specification is illustrative only and should not be construed as restrictive in any way. Additionally, it is conceivable that although specific embodiments of this disclosure may be disclosed or illustrated in the context of IV kits, these embodiments can be used in other fluid delivery systems. Moreover, various applications and modifications of these embodiments that may occur to those skilled in the art are also included within the general concepts described herein.

[0044] Monitoring fluid flow through infusion lines is desirable to help identify and correct blockages in the infusion line. Traditionally, clinicians periodically and manually check infusion lines for blockages, which is not only time-consuming but also depends on the clinician's ability to continuously monitor the patient. IV catheter blockage detection devices positioned along the infusion line can be used to continuously monitor fluid flow. As fluid flows through the detection device, a sensor in the device emits light through the patient's skin and toward the fluid path (e.g., toward the patient's vein or toward the catheter within the patient's vein). The sensor receives the light reflected from the fluid in the fluid path and calculates the absorptivity, which can be used to automatically identify fluid in the infusion line and thus identify blockages.

[0045] Now refer to the attached diagram, Figure 1AAn IV kit connected to a patient according to aspects of this disclosure is shown. The IV kit 10 includes a catheter 20 inserted into a patient's arm 30, a catheter hub 22 taped to the patient's arm 30, an extension tube 24 connecting the catheter hub 22 to a fluid connector assembly 28, and a clamp 26 on the extension tube. An IV catheter occlusion sensing device 100 can be connected to the patient's arm 30 to monitor fluid flow through the catheter 20.

[0046] Figure 1B A cross-sectional side view of a clogging sensing device coupled to a patient's arm is shown according to an aspect of this disclosure, when the catheter is in a patient's vein. The catheter 20 penetrates the patient's epidermis 32 at the infusion site and extends into the dermis 34 to reach the vein 36. The clogging sensing device 100 is coupled to the patient's arm 30 at a location downstream of the infusion site and above the target site. Figure 1B In this context, the target site is the portion of the receiving catheter 20 in the patient's vein 36. However, the target site can also broadly refer to the patient's vein 36 or the flow path of IV fluid.

[0047] The occlusion sensing device 100 is oriented towards the target site to track and monitor the absorption rate of fluid in the patient's vein 36. After infusion initiation, the device 100 determines the baseline absorption rate of the fluid flowing through the target site. This baseline absorption rate is the absorption rate of the medical fluid. As infusion continues, the device 100 continuously monitors the absorption rate of fluid in the target site for an increase in absorption, which may indicate the presence of blood in the target site and thus indicate an occlusion.

[0048] In some embodiments, the device 100 can be reset if the infusion flow rate changes. After the infusion flow rate changes, the device 100 establishes a new baseline absorption rate and monitors for blockage at the target site by looking for an increase in absorption rate relative to the new baseline.

[0049] Figure 1C A detailed cross-sectional side view of the optical absorption sensor of an obstruction sensing device coupled to a patient's arm according to aspects of this disclosure is shown. Figure 1B As shown, an optical absorption sensor 150 is attached to the patient's arm above the target site. The sensor 150 includes a lens 153, a light source 151, and a photodetector 152 enclosed within a cover 156. Specifically, the lens 153 has a distal side 155 configured to press against the patient's arm. The light source 151 and photodetector 152 are attached to a proximal side 154 of the lens 153. In some embodiments, the lens 153 is a glass substrate. In some embodiments, the cover 156 may be glass or plastic, such as acrylic or polycarbonate, or some other material.

[0050] The light source 151 is configured to emit red and infrared light, which passes through the patient's epidermis 32 and dermis 34 to reach the vein 36 that receives medical fluid from the catheter. Figure 1C A light ray 120 (indicated by a solid arrow) is depicted emitted toward a target region. In the embodiments discussed herein, the emitted light ray 120 is red light and infrared light. The light source 151 may emit red light 120 with wavelengths between approximately 650 nm and approximately 670 nm. The light source 151 may also emit infrared light 120 with wavelengths between approximately 930 nm and approximately 950 nm. Optionally, the light source 151 emits red light with a wavelength of approximately 660 nm and infrared light with a wavelength of approximately 940 nm.

[0051] The light source 151 may consist of multiple LEDs, some of which emit red light and others emit infrared light. In some embodiments, the light source 151 is an LED strip having LEDs that emit red light and LEDs that emit infrared light. In other embodiments, the light source 151 includes multiple LED strips, wherein at least one LED strip emits red light and at least one LED strip emits infrared light. In other embodiments, the light source 151 emits light with wavelengths outside the red and infrared spectra.

[0052] Photodetector 152 is configured to receive red and infrared light reflected from the target site. The reflected light 122 is indicated by a dashed arrow, and... Figure 1C The light 122 is depicted as bouncing from the target site toward the photodetector 152. The photodetectors 152 are arranged such that they surround the light source 151. This facilitates the complete capture of the reflected light 122.

[0053] Sensor 150 identifies the absorptivity of the fluid at a target site by comparing two absorption coefficients of the fluid (red light absorption coefficient and infrared light absorption coefficient). Specifically, sensor 150 compares the light emitted by light source 151 (red light and infrared light) with the light received by photodetector 152 to determine how much light the fluid has absorbed and calculates the fluid's absorption coefficients (i.e., red light and infrared light absorption coefficients). In the embodiments discussed herein, the absorptivity is the infrared light absorption coefficient divided by the red light absorption coefficient. However, in other embodiments consistent with the teachings of this disclosure, the absorptivity may be the red light absorption coefficient divided by the infrared light absorption coefficient. Alternatively, the absorptivity may be based on absorption coefficients associated with other types of light.

[0054] After catheter insertion and infusion initiation, sensor 150 can measure the absorption rate of the medical fluid at the target site to establish a baseline absorption rate. In some embodiments, sensor 150 may begin measuring and establishing the baseline absorption rate approximately 30 seconds after infusion initiation. In other embodiments, sensor 150 may measure and establish the baseline absorption rate within the first approximately 5 minutes of infusion delivery. Sensor 150 monitors for catheter blockage at the target site by marking changes in absorption rate. For most medical fluids, sensor 150 detects blockage when the absorption rate at the target site is higher than the baseline absorption rate.

[0055] When a blockage is detected, the infusion line may need to be reset (e.g., via a digital or analog user interface on the blockage detection device 100, or via an electronic device wirelessly connected to the blockage detection device). After the infusion line is reset and infusion delivery is resumed, the device 100 (and therefore the sensor 150) can be reset to establish a new baseline absorption rate and continue to monitor for catheter blockage at the target site.

[0056] Figure 2A A first embodiment of an IV kit and occlusion detection device linked to a patient according to aspects of this disclosure is shown. The first embodiment occlusion detection device 200 includes a panel 210, a display screen 260, and a sensor 250. Figure 2A In the diagram, sensor 250 is indicated by a dashed line because it is located on the lower side of panel 210, below display screen 260, adjacent to the patient's arm 30.

[0057] Figure 2B and Figure 2C Two perspective views of a blockage detection device according to a first embodiment of an aspect of this disclosure are shown. The panel 210 of the detector 200 includes a proximal surface 212 and a distal surface 214. The distal surface 214 is configured to press against the patient's skin (e.g., Figure 2A (In the patient's arm 30). In some embodiments, the distal surface 214 is an adhesive surface. Optionally, an adhesive may be applied to the distal surface 214. In other embodiments, the panel 210 is adhered to the patient with tape or strapped to the patient. Typically, the panel 210 (and therefore the detector 200) is secured to the patient at a location downstream of the infusion or injection site (i.e., above the target site). In the illustrated embodiment, the distal surface 214 of the panel 210 has a concave curvature. The concave panel 210 can make the detector 200 more comfortable to wear on the patient's arm. In other embodiments, the panel 210 may have different contours to fit other parts of the patient's body. In some embodiments of this disclosure, the panel 210 is flexible and configured to bend to conform to the patient's body.

[0058] Figure 2CThe sensor 250 of the blockage detector 200 is positioned on the distal surface 214 of the panel 210. In some embodiments, the sensor 250 is positioned on top of the distal surface 214. In other embodiments, the sensor 250 is positioned within the panel 210, wherein the lens of the sensor 250 (i.e., Figure 2E and Figure 2G The lens 253 / 253' shown is aligned with the distal surface 214 and has the curvature of the distal surface.

[0059] Panel 210 also includes an aperture 216 extending from the proximal surface 212 to the distal surface 214. This aperture 216 is configured to receive a conduit. For example, Figure 2A A catheter 20 from IV kit 10 is depicted, extending from the proximal surface 212 of panel 210, through orifice 216, and extending beyond the distal surface 214 into the patient's arm 30. Orifice 216 is an oblique orifice, as indicated by the location where orifice 216 intersects the proximal surface 212 more upstream than the location where orifice 216 intersects the distal surface 214. Reference Figure 2D The oblique aperture 216 is described in more detail. In some embodiments of this disclosure, the aperture may be formed as a notch or channel extending into the side surface of panel 210 and passing through its distal surface 214.

[0060] Figure 2D A cross-sectional side view of a first embodiment of a clogging detection device, according to aspects of this disclosure, coupled to a patient's arm when a catheter is inserted into a patient's vein, is shown. The clogging detector 200 is coupled to the patient's arm 30 such that a sensor 250 is positioned above a target site. As described above, the target site is a portion of the receiving catheter 20 of the patient's vein 36. The cross-sectional side view of the detector 200 shows the inclined profile of an orifice 216. To accommodate an IV catheter, the orifice 216 is configured such that the longitudinal axis extending through the orifice 216 has an angle between approximately 10° and approximately 45° relative to the patient's arm 30. In some embodiments of the detector 200 used with small catheters approaching small veins, this angle is between approximately 10° and approximately 30°. In these embodiments, the angle may also be approximately 25°. In other embodiments of the detector 200 used with large catheters approaching deep veins, the angle may be between approximately 30° and 45°.

[0061] Figure 2E-2H A detailed cross-sectional side view of a blockage detection device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure and a cross-sectional top view of an optical absorption sensor according to a first embodiment are shown. Figure 2E Describing as Figure 2D A detailed cross-sectional side view of the blockage detector 200 is shown. The detector 200 includes a display screen 260. (See attached image.) Figure 2BAs shown, the display screen 260 is positioned on the proximal side 212 of the panel 210, making it clearly visible to clinicians or other caregivers using the detector 200. The display screen 260 is configured to display the absorption rate detected by the sensor 250. The display screen 260 may also display other information, such as the infusion start time or the medication being administered. In some embodiments, the display screen 260 includes a touchscreen with a user interface that clinicians or caregivers can use to reset the detector 200. The detector 200 also includes circuitry 270 connecting the display screen 260 to the sensor 250.

[0062] In some embodiments, detector 200 is configured to connect to a display screen on a separate device (e.g., an infusion pump, computer, tablet, smartphone, etc.). In these embodiments, clinicians or caregivers can use a separate device to access the information collected by detector 200.

[0063] The optical absorption sensor 250 includes a lens 253 and a glass cover 256, which secures a light source 251 and a photodetector 252 to the proximal side 254 of the lens 253. Figure 2A , Figure 2B and Figure 2D As shown, sensor 250 is positioned in or on the downstream portion of detector 200. This facilitates alignment of sensor 250 with the target area, such as... Figure 2D The best visible in the middle.

[0064] The light source 251 and photodetector 252 are functionally equivalent to the detector 100 and above. Figure 1A-1C The described light source 151 and photodetector 152 are the same. Figure 2E In the sensor 250 shown, the light source 251 and photodetector 252 are positioned such that they are transverse to the patient's vein (i.e., Figure 2D The patient's vein (36). This arrangement can be used in... Figure 2F As seen in the middle, Figure 2F From Figure 2E A top view of the section cut by line 2F-2F. In this arrangement, light from light source 215 is more likely to reach the patient's veins (as opposed to...). Figure 2G and Figure 2H Compared to the arrangement shown. This arrangement of light source 251 and photodetector 252 is easier for clinicians or nurses to use because it makes it easier to ensure that the light will reach the target site. However, because the light is also emitted to other parts of the dermis (i.e., in addition to the target site and veins), the signal generated from sensor 250 with this arrangement may be noisier.

[0065] Figure 2G and Figure 2HAnother arrangement of the light source 251' and photodetector 252' in the sensor 250' of detector 200' is depicted. In this arrangement, the light source 251' and photodetector 252' are positioned such that they are parallel to the patient's vein (i.e., Figure 2D The patient's vein (36). This arrangement can be used in... Figure 2H As seen in the middle, Figure 2H From Figure 2G A top view of the cross-section taken by line 2H-2H. In this arrangement, clinicians or caregivers may need to be more precise when placing detector 200' to ensure that light source 251' is aligned with the patient's vein. However, because most of the light is emitted directly to the vein, the signal generated from sensor 250' is typically stronger than the signal described above. Figure 2E and Figure 2F The sensor 250 described produces a signal with less noise.

[0066] exist Figure 2E-2H In the illustrated embodiment, a gap exists between the light source and the photodetector. However, in other embodiments, no gap exists. Additionally, other embodiments of the detector may include more than one light source or more than two photodetectors. This disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which the light source and photodetectors are arranged concentrically, wherein the light source is surrounded by one or more photodetectors on all sides.

[0067] Figure 3A A second embodiment of an IV kit and occlusion detection device linked to a patient, according to aspects of this disclosure, is shown. This second embodiment of the occlusion detection device 300 includes a panel 310, a display screen 360, and a sensor 350. Figure 3A In the diagram, sensor 350 is indicated by a dashed line because it is positioned on the underside of panel 310, adjacent to the patient's arm 30. Device 300 also includes a strap 312 for attaching sensor 300 to the patient.

[0068] Similar to the display screen described above, the display screen 360 in the detector 300 is configured to display the absorption rate of fluid in the target site. The display screen 360 is positioned on the proximal surface of the panel 310 such that it is visible to clinicians or caregivers. In some embodiments, the display screen 360 includes an analog user interface (e.g., mechanical buttons) or a digital user interface (e.g., a touchscreen) that clinicians or caregivers can use to reset the detector 300 or adjust the information displayed on the screen 360.

[0069] Figure 3BA cross-sectional side view of a second embodiment of a clogging detection device, according to aspects of this disclosure, is shown attached to a patient's arm when the catheter is in a patient's vein. The clogging detector 300 is attached to the patient's arm 30 such that a sensor 350 is positioned above the area (i.e., the target site) where medical fluid enters the patient's vein 36 from the catheter 20.

[0070] Figure 3C Aspects according to this disclosure are shown Figure 3B A detailed cross-sectional side view of the optical absorption sensor in the second embodiment of the blockage detection device is shown. Like the other optical absorption sensors described above, sensor 350 includes a lens 353, a light source 351 connected to a proximal side 354 of the lens 353, a photodetector 352 connected to the proximal side 354 of the lens 353, and a glass cover 356 surrounding the light source 351 and the photodetector 352.

[0071] The light source 351 and photodetector 352 are functionally identical to the light source and photodetector described above. Therefore, the light source 351 and photodetector 352 can be arranged such that the light source 351 is a bulb strip (e.g., an LED strip) transverse to or parallel to the patient's vein positioning, wherein the photodetector 352 is arranged parallel to the light source 351. Alternatively, the light source 351 and photodetector 352 can be arranged concentrically with the light source 351, which has a circular, rectangular, or other shape, and the photodetector 352 (or a single photodetector 352) forms a boundary surrounding the light source 351.

[0072] Figure 4 A third embodiment of an IV kit and occlusion detection device linked to a patient according to aspects of this disclosure is shown. The third embodiment, occlusion detection device 400, is structurally very similar to detector 300, having a strap 412, a panel 410, a display screen 460, and a sensor 450. However, in this embodiment, the display screen 460 occupies a larger portion of the panel 410 and is positioned on top of the sensor 450.

[0073] Description of this technical topic

[0074] For example, the subject matter technique is illustrated according to the various aspects described below. For convenience, various examples of the various aspects of the subject matter technique are described according to numbered articles (1, 2, 3, etc.). These are provided by way of example only and do not limit the subject matter technique. It should be noted that any subordinate articles can be combined in any combination and placed in corresponding independent articles, such as article 1, article 9, or article 16. Other articles can be presented in a similar manner.

[0075] Clause 1. An intravenous (IV) catheter occlusion sensor, the sensor comprising: a light source configured to emit red and infrared light through a patient's skin and toward a target site; and one or more photodetectors adjacent to the light source, the one or more photodetectors being configured to receive and measure at least a portion of the red and infrared light reflected by the patient's vein within the target site, thereby determining the absorption rate of fluid in the patient's vein, wherein the sensor is configured to track the absorption rate to detect occlusion in the IV catheter.

[0076] Clause 2. The sensor according to Clause 1, wherein the light source is configured to emit red and infrared light through a portion of the patient's skin downstream of the infusion site.

[0077] Clause 3. The sensor according to Clause 1, wherein the target site is a vein of the patient.

[0078] Clause 4. The sensor according to Clause 1, wherein the target site is part of the IV receiving catheter of the patient's vein.

[0079] Clause 5. The sensor according to Clause 1, wherein the light source comprises a light-emitting diode (LED) strip.

[0080] Clause 6. The sensor according to Clause 1, wherein the red light comprises a wavelength between about 650 nm and about 670 nm.

[0081] Clause 7. The sensor according to Clause 1, wherein the infrared light comprises wavelengths between about 930 nm and about 950 nm.

[0082] Clause 8. The sensor according to Clause 1, wherein the absorptivity is the amount of infrared light absorbed by the fluid at the target site divided by the amount of red light absorbed by the fluid at the target site.

[0083] Clause 9. The sensor according to Clause 1 further includes a lens having a proximal side and a distal side, wherein the light source and the one or more photodetectors are coupled to the proximal side, and the distal side is configured to press against the patient's skin.

[0084] Clause 10. The sensor according to Clause 9 further includes a glass cover that encloses the light source and one or more photodetectors abutting against the proximal side of the lens.

[0085] Clause 11. The sensor according to Clause 9, wherein the lens comprises a glass substrate.

[0086] Clause 12. The sensor according to Clause 1, wherein the sensor is configured to track the absorption rate and detect blockage in the IV catheter by determining a baseline absorption rate of fluid in the target site and identifying an increase in the absorption rate relative to the baseline absorption rate.

[0087] Clause 13. The sensor according to Clause 12, wherein the sensor is further configured to determine a new baseline absorption rate after a change in the flow rate of the IV catheter, and to identify an increase in the absorption rate relative to the new baseline absorption rate.

[0088] Article 14. An intravenous (IV) catheter occlusion detector, the detector comprising: a panel including a distal surface configured to press against a patient's skin, a proximal surface opposite the distal surface, a first portion configured to be positioned near an IV catheter when the distal surface presses against the patient's skin, and a second portion opposite the first portion; an optical absorption sensor positioned at the second portion of the panel, the optical absorption sensor comprising: a light source configured to emit red and infrared light through the patient's skin toward the patient's vein; and one or more photodetectors configured to receive and measure the red and infrared light reflected from the patient's vein, thereby determining the absorption rate of fluid in the patient's vein; and a display screen on the proximal surface configured to display the absorption rate.

[0089] Clause 15. The detector according to Clause 14, wherein the light source emits red and infrared light from the distal side of the optical absorption sensor, and the display screen is positioned on the proximal side opposite the distal side.

[0090] Clause 16. The detector according to Clause 14 further includes an opening in a first portion of the panel, the opening being configured to receive an IV catheter.

[0091] Clause 17. The detector according to Clause 16, wherein the opening comprises an oblique hole extending from a first portion of the panel on the proximal surface of the panel toward a second portion on the distal surface.

[0092] Article 18. An intravenous (IV) catheter occlusion detector, the detector comprising: an optical absorption sensor comprising: a light source configured to emit red and infrared light through a patient’s skin toward a target site; one or more photodetectors configured to receive and measure the red and infrared light reflected from the patient’s vein, thereby determining the absorption rate of fluid in the target site; and a display screen configured to display the absorption rate.

[0093] Clause 19. The detector according to Clause 18, wherein the light absorption sensor is positioned on a distal surface of the detector configured to be adjacent to the patient's skin, and the display screen is positioned on a proximal surface of the detector, the proximal surface being opposite the distal surface.

[0094] Clause 20. The detector according to Clause 18 further includes a strap for attaching the detector to the patient.

[0095] Other considerations:

[0096] In some embodiments, any of the clauses herein can depend on any of the independent clauses or any of the dependent clauses. In one aspect, any of the clauses (e.g., dependent or independent clauses) can be combined with any other one or more clauses (e.g., dependent or independent clauses). In one aspect, a claim can include some or all of the text (e.g., steps, operations, means, or components) recited in a clause, sentence, phrase, or paragraph. In one aspect, a claim can include some or all of the text recited in one or more clauses, sentences, phrases, or paragraphs. In one aspect, some of the text in each of the clauses, sentences, phrases, or paragraphs can be removed. In one aspect, additional text or elements can be added to a clause, sentence, phrase, or paragraph. In one aspect, the subject matter can be implemented without utilizing some of the components, elements, functions, or operations described herein. In one aspect, the subject matter can be implemented using additional components, elements, functions, or operations.

[0097] This disclosure is provided to enable those skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. This disclosure provides various examples of the subject matter, and the subject matter is not limited to these examples. Numerous modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects.

[0098] Unless otherwise expressly stated, elements referred to in the singular are not intended to mean "one and only one," but rather "one or more." Unless otherwise expressly stated, the term "some" refers to one or more. Male pronouns (e.g., his) include both female and neutral genders (e.g., her and its), and vice versa. The use of titles and subtitles (if any) is for convenience only and does not limit the invention.

[0099] The term "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example or illustration." Any aspect or design described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or superior to other aspects or designs. In one respect, the various alternative configurations and operations described herein may be considered at least equivalent.

[0100] For example, phrases like "aspect" do not imply that such an aspect is essential to the present subject matter, or that such an aspect applies to all configurations of the present subject matter. Disclosure relating to an aspect may apply to all configurations or one or more configurations. An aspect may provide one or more examples. For example, phrases like "an aspect" may refer to one or more aspects, and vice versa. For example, phrases like "embodiment" do not imply that such an embodiment is essential to the present subject matter, or that such an embodiment applies to all constructions of the present subject matter. Disclosure relating to an embodiment may apply to all embodiments or one or more embodiments. An embodiment may provide one or more examples. For example, phrases like "embodiment" may refer to one or more embodiments, and vice versa. For example, phrases like "configuration" do not imply that such a configuration is essential to the present subject matter, or that such a configuration applies to all configurations of the present subject matter. Disclosure relating to a configuration may apply to all configurations or one or more configurations. A configuration may provide one or more examples. Such a construction phrase may refer to one or more constructions, and vice versa.

[0101] In one respect, unless otherwise stated, all measurements, values, ratings, positions, sizes, dimensions, and other specifications set forth in this specification, including those in the appended claims, are approximate rather than precise. In another respect, they are intended to have a reasonable range consistent with the functions they pertain to and with the custom of the art to which they belong.

[0102] In one respect, the term "linkage" can refer to a direct connection. In another respect, the term "linkage" can refer to an indirect connection.

[0103] For example, the terms “top,” “bottom,” “front,” “rear,” etc., used in this disclosure should be understood to refer to any frame of reference rather than a general gravitational frame of reference. Therefore, the top surface, bottom surface, front surface, and rear surface can extend upward, downward, diagonally, or horizontally in a gravitational frame of reference.

[0104] Various items may be arranged differently (e.g., in different orders or divided in different ways) without departing from the scope of the subject matter. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements throughout the various aspects described in this disclosure are known to or will be known to those skilled in the art, expressly incorporated herein by reference and intended to be covered by the claims. Furthermore, the disclosure herein is not intended to be made public, whether or not such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims. Pursuant to paragraph 6 of 35 USC §112(f), elements of a claim will not be interpreted unless the element is clearly stated using the phrase “means”, or, in the case of a method claim, the element is stated using the phrase “for the step of…”. Furthermore, the scope of the terms “comprising,” “having,” etc., is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “including,” as interpreted when “including” is used as a transitional word in a claim.

[0105] The title, background, summary, description of the drawings, and abstract of this disclosure are incorporated herein by reference and are provided as illustrative examples rather than as limiting descriptions. This application is filed on the understanding that they will not be used to limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Furthermore, in the detailed description, it will be apparent that the description provides illustrative examples, and various features are combined in various embodiments to simplify the disclosure. This disclosure approach should not be construed as reflecting an intention that the claimed subject matter requires more features than expressly stated in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the appended claims, the inventive subject matter lies in all features of fewer than those in a single disclosure configuration or operation. The appended claims are thus incorporated into the detailed description, wherein each claim is independently claimed as a separate subject matter.

[0106] The claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects described herein, but rather to conform to the full scope consistent with the language claims and to include all legal equivalents. Nevertheless, none of the claims are intended to include subject matter that fails to satisfy the requirements of 35 U.S.SC § 101, 102, or 103, nor should they be interpreted in this manner.

Claims

1. A sensor for occlusion of an intravenous catheter, the sensor comprising: The light source is configured to emit red and infrared light through the patient's skin and toward the target area; and One or more photodetectors are located adjacent to the light source, and the photodetectors are configured to receive and measure at least a portion of the red and infrared light reflected by the patient's vein within the target site, thereby determining the absorption rate of the fluid in the patient's vein. The sensor is configured to track the absorption rate to detect blockages in the intravenous catheter.

2. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein, The light source is configured to emit red and infrared light through a portion of the patient's skin downstream of the infusion site.

3. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein, The target site is the patient's vein.

4. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein, The target site is a portion of the patient's vein that receives the intravenous injection catheter.

5. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein, The light source includes a light-emitting diode strip.

6. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein, The red light includes wavelengths between approximately 650 nm and approximately 670 nm.

7. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein, The infrared light includes wavelengths between approximately 930 nm and approximately 950 nm.

8. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein, The absorption rate is the amount of infrared light absorbed by the fluid at the target site divided by the amount of red light absorbed by the fluid at the target site.

9. The sensor of claim 1, further comprising a lens having a proximal side and a distal side, wherein, The light source and the one or more photodetectors are coupled to the proximal side, and the distal side is configured to press against the patient's skin.

10. The sensor of claim 9, further comprising a glass cover that encloses the light source and the one or more photodetectors abutting against the proximal side of the lens.

11. The sensor according to claim 9, wherein, The lens comprises a glass substrate.

12. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein, The sensor is configured to track the absorption rate by determining the baseline absorption rate of fluid in the target site and identifying an increase in the absorption rate relative to the baseline absorption rate, and to detect blockages in the intravenous catheter.

13. The sensor according to claim 12, wherein, The sensor is further configured to determine a new baseline absorption rate after a change in the flow rate of the intravenous catheter, and to identify an increase in the absorption rate relative to the new baseline absorption rate.

14. A detector for intravenous catheter occlusion, the detector comprising: The panel includes a distal surface configured to press against a patient's skin, a proximal surface opposite the distal surface, a first portion configured to be positioned close to an intravenous catheter when the distal surface presses against the patient's skin, and a second portion opposite the first portion. An optical absorption sensor positioned at a second portion of the panel, the optical absorption sensor comprising: A light source, configured to emit red and infrared light through the patient's skin toward the patient's veins; and One or more photodetectors are configured to receive and measure red and infrared light reflected from the patient's veins, thereby determining the absorption rate of fluid in the patient's veins; and A display screen on the proximal surface, the display screen being configured to display the absorption rate.

15. The detector according to claim 14, wherein, The light source emits red and infrared light from the distal side of the optical absorption sensor, and the display screen is positioned on the proximal side opposite the distal side.

16. The detector of claim 14, further comprising an opening in a first portion of the panel, the opening being configured to receive the intravenous catheter.

17. The detector according to claim 16, wherein, The opening includes an oblique hole extending from a first portion of the panel on the proximal surface toward a second portion on the distal surface.

18. A detector for intravenous catheter occlusion, the detector comprising: An optical absorption sensor, the optical absorption sensor comprising: A light source, configured to emit red and infrared light through the patient's skin toward the target area; and One or more photodetectors are configured to receive and measure red and infrared light reflected from the patient's veins, thereby determining the absorptivity of the fluid at the target site; and A display screen configured to display the absorption rate.

19. The detector according to claim 18, wherein, The light absorption sensor is positioned on the distal surface of the detector, which is configured to be adjacent to the patient's skin, and the display screen is positioned on the proximal surface of the detector, which is opposite to the distal surface.

20. The detector of claim 18, further comprising a strap for attaching the detector to a patient.

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