Mechanical on-demand oxygen supplementing self-rescuer based on respiratory air pressure change driving

Abstract

This invention discloses a mechanical on-demand oxygen supply self-rescue device driven by changes in respiratory pressure, comprising an oxygen cylinder, an on-demand oxygen supply mechanism, a connecting chamber, and a mask. The oxygen cylinder is connected to the connecting chamber via the on-demand oxygen supply mechanism, and the mask is connected to the breathing end of the connecting chamber. The on-demand oxygen supply mechanism includes a pressure balancing valve, a linkage oxygen supply valve, and a pressure sensing unit. The pressure sensing unit includes a highly sensitive elastic diaphragm and a precision lever linkage structure. The deformation of the highly sensitive elastic diaphragm caused by the air pressure in the connecting chamber is amplified by the lever linkage structure and drives the linkage oxygen supply valve to open or close. This invention responds to changes in the mask's internal pressure during the wearer's breathing through a purely mechanical structure, dynamically adjusting the oxygen supply. This avoids the insufficient oxygen supply in emergency situations or the waste of oxygen supply during waiting for rescue, as in traditional quantitative oxygen supply systems, achieving the goal of energy-saving and efficient on-demand oxygen supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of emergency rescue equipment technology, specifically to a mechanical on-demand oxygen replenishment self-rescue device driven by changes in respiratory pressure, which is suitable for emergency escape and self-rescue of personnel in oxygen-deficient or toxic gas environments such as underground mines, tunnel construction sites, and fire scenes. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous expansion of coal mining production scale and the increase in the proportion of deep mine mining, the advance length of longwall faces has increased year by year. Once accidents such as coal and gas outbursts, gas / coal dust explosions, and mine fires occur, oxygen concentrations drop rapidly and toxic gas concentrations rise under poor local ventilation conditions. Miners are prone to respiratory distress or even suffocation during escape.

[0003] To prevent deaths from suffocation or poisoning due to lack of oxygen and to reduce casualties, emergency rescue equipment has become an important line of defense for protecting workers' respiratory health during escape. Compressed oxygen self-rescue devices are commonly used emergency rescue equipment.

[0004] Existing compressed oxygen self-rescue devices have significant limitations: 1) Traditional quantitative oxygen supply is a static, constant flow rate, which cannot respond to real-time changes in human respiratory physiology; 2) When waiting for rescue, the oxygen supply far exceeds the demand, resulting in a large waste of oxygen and shortening the effective protection time; 3) During strenuous activity during emergency escape, the respiratory rate and tidal volume increase sharply, and the oxygen supply cannot meet the human respiratory needs. Existing oxygen supplementation drives rely on mechanical pressure thresholds or manual operation, lacking direct linkage with changes in human respiratory pressure. The timing and flow rate of oxygen supplementation cannot be synchronously and adaptively adjusted, resulting in low oxygen utilization and insufficient oxygen supply stability under extreme conditions. They are difficult to fully adapt to the complex and ever-changing breathing states during emergency escape, becoming a key technical shortcoming restricting the protective effectiveness and safety of compressed oxygen self-rescue devices.

[0005] Therefore, in response to the above problems, it is necessary to propose a mechanical on-demand oxygen supply self-rescue device driven by changes in respiratory pressure, to provide a dynamic oxygen supply solution that better meets the physiological needs of the human body for mine emergency escape equipment, and to ensure safe production. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems of existing compressed oxygen self-rescue devices, such as the inability of traditional quantitative oxygen supply to meet the oxygen demand and concentration during emergency escape, and the waste of oxygen supply while waiting for rescue, the present invention aims to provide a mechanical on-demand oxygen supplementation self-rescue device driven by changes in respiratory pressure.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0008] A mechanical on-demand oxygen supplementation self-rescue device driven by changes in respiratory pressure includes an oxygen cylinder, an on-demand oxygen supplementation mechanism, a connecting chamber, and a mask. The oxygen cylinder is connected to the oxygen supplementation port of the connecting chamber via the on-demand oxygen supplementation mechanism, and the mask is connected to the breathing end of the connecting chamber. The on-demand oxygen supplementation mechanism includes a pressure balancing valve, a linkage oxygen supplementation valve, and a pressure sensing unit. The output end of the oxygen cylinder is connected to the inlet end of the linkage oxygen supplementation valve, the outlet end of the linkage oxygen supplementation valve is connected to the inlet end of the pressure balancing valve, and the outlet end of the pressure balancing valve is connected to the oxygen supplementation port of the connecting chamber. The pressure sensing unit includes a highly sensitive elastic diaphragm and a precision lever linkage structure. The highly sensitive elastic diaphragm is disposed in the connecting chamber, and its displacement end is connected to the sensing end of the lever linkage structure. The actuating end of the lever linkage structure is connected to the valve core driving end of the linkage oxygen supplementation valve. The deformation of the highly sensitive elastic diaphragm caused by the air pressure in the connecting chamber is amplified by the lever linkage structure and drives the linkage oxygen supplementation valve to open or close.

[0009] Optionally, a pressure reducing valve is connected to the output end of the oxygen cylinder.

[0010] Optionally, the connecting chamber is integrated with a guide vane to form a vortex mixing chamber, guiding the oxygen introduced into the chamber to mix with the exhaled gas in a swirling flow; the guide vane is a double-helix guide vane with a pitch set to 10~15mm, so that the introduced oxygen and exhaled gas form a vortex in the chamber, and the mixing efficiency satisfies the following relationship: ,in, For mixing efficiency, The nonlinear response exponent is denoted by t, where t is the gas residence time. It is a mixed time index.

[0011] Optionally, the oxygen supply flow rate of the on-demand oxygen supply mechanism satisfies a non-linear quantization relationship with the pressure change in the connecting chamber: ;in, To supplement oxygen flow, This is the difference between the instantaneous air pressure inside the chamber and the ambient atmospheric pressure. Standard atmospheric pressure This is the system adjustment coefficient. It is a nonlinear response exponent.

[0012] Optionally, the deformation of the highly sensitive elastic diaphragm is linearly related to the change in air pressure: ,in, is the diaphragm stiffness coefficient.

[0013] Optionally, the lever arm ratio of the lever linkage structure is set to 1:5 to 1:10.

[0014] Optionally, the linked oxygen supply valve is a pilot-operated mechanical valve with a valve core stroke S. 阀 With output oxygen flow rate Q阀 Satisfies a linear relationship: Where γ is the flow coefficient, which is determined by the flow area of ​​the valve orifice and the oxygen pressure.

[0015] Optionally, the connecting chamber is also equipped with a gas detection device, which includes a paramagnetic oxygen concentration sensor, an infrared carbon dioxide concentration sensor, and a multi-component gas analysis module, for real-time monitoring of O2 concentration, CO2 concentration, and N2 and CO volume fractions in the mixed gas in the connecting chamber.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the mechanical on-demand oxygen supplementation self-rescue device driven by respiratory pressure changes provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) By establishing the pressure difference ΔP and the oxygen supply flow rate Q 补氧 The non-linear quantitative relationship between the oxygen supply and the human body's breathing intensity is precisely matched. It adapts to low-flow replenishment during calm breathing, and rapidly increases oxygen supply while maintaining the oxygen concentration in the mask during vigorous breathing as exercise intensity increases. This avoids the waste of traditional quantitative oxygen supply and prevents insufficient oxygen supply.

[0018] (2) The mechanical lever transmission structure has a response delay of less than 0.1 seconds and the linkage oxygen supplement valve has a response time of ≤0.5 seconds. It can keep up with the breathing rhythm and achieve precise control of "supply when inhaling and stop when stopping", avoiding delayed or excessive oxygen supply. At the same time, the mask connecting chamber adopts a double spiral guide plate structure, which enables oxygen and exhaled gas to quickly form a vortex mixture with a mixing uniformity of ≥90%, effectively preventing oxygen stratification or excessive local concentration, while reducing the risk of CO2 re-inhalation, improving wearing comfort and blood oxygen maintenance level.

[0019] (3) This invention eliminates the electronic control unit, sensor circuit and battery power supply, and relies entirely on the change of air pressure inside the mask to drive the elastic diaphragm and lever mechanism to realize the automatic opening and closing of the oxygen supply valve. It can still work stably under harsh conditions such as power failure, high temperature, explosion impact, strong electromagnetic interference, etc., avoiding the risk of "zero oxygen supply" caused by electronic system failure, and greatly improving the reliability of emergency escape. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical on-demand oxygen supplementation self-rescue device driven by changes in respiratory pressure, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure label:

[0023] 1. On-demand oxygen replenishment mechanism; 2. Pressure balancing valve; 3. Linked oxygen replenishment valve; 4. Oxygen cylinder; 5. Pressure sensing unit; 6. High-sensitivity elastic diaphragm; 7. Precision lever linkage structure; 8. Mask; 9. Connecting chamber; 10. Gas detection device; 11. Pressure reducing valve. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

[0026] The mechanical on-demand oxygen supplementation self-rescue device based on respiratory pressure change driven in this embodiment of the invention is a purely mechanical feedback system without any electronic control, such as... Figure 1 As shown, its overall structure includes an on-demand oxygen replenishment mechanism 1, an oxygen cylinder 4, a pressure sensing unit 5, a mask 8, a connecting chamber 9, and a gas detection device 10. The oxygen cylinder 4 is connected to the oxygen replenishment port of the connecting chamber 4 through the on-demand oxygen replenishment mechanism 1, and the mask 8 is connected to the breathing end of the connecting chamber 9. The oxygen cylinder 4 provides oxygen, and the on-demand oxygen replenishment mechanism responds to the changes in air pressure inside the mask 8 during the wearer's breathing through a purely mechanical structure, dynamically adjusting the oxygen supply to avoid insufficient oxygen supply in emergency situations or wasted oxygen supply when waiting for rescue, as is the case with traditional quantitative oxygen supply.

[0027] In this embodiment of the mechanical on-demand oxygen self-rescue device, oxygen cylinder 4 serves as a high-pressure oxygen source with a working pressure range of 15MPa-20MPa. Its output end is connected to a pressure reducing valve 11 to ensure stable oxygen supply pressure. Oxygen cylinder 4 is placed inside a backpack and connected to the on-demand oxygen supply mechanism 1 via a sealed pipeline to provide a high-pressure oxygen source for the system. The oxygen concentration is monitored in real time by a built-in oxygen concentration sensor, and the concentration range is strictly controlled within 95%-99% to meet the physiological respiratory needs of the human body.

[0028] The mask 8 is made of medical-grade high-temperature resistant silicone material, which has excellent biocompatibility and facial fit, ensuring that it can maintain airtightness even in high-temperature or dusty environments. The mask 8 integrates double-layer silicone sealing rings on the edge, with inner and outer rings having Shore hardness of 50A and 60A respectively, forming a gradient seal with a leakage rate of ≤0.3% / min, which can maintain a seal even when the facial contours are irregular.

[0029] The connecting chamber 9 is precision-machined from 304 stainless steel and integrates a vortex mixing chamber. A double-helix guide vane guides the oxygen introduced from the oxygen supply port to form a vortex mixture with the user's exhaled air at the breathing end, achieving a mixing uniformity of ≥90% and effectively preventing oxygen stratification or excessively high local concentrations. The connecting chamber 9 has an oxygen supply port for connecting to the on-demand oxygen supply mechanism 1, a breathing end for connecting to the mask 8, and an exhalation channel for exhaust. All interfaces use O-rings reinforced with a metal frame, made of fluororubber (FKM), with a pressure resistance of ≥5MPa and a temperature range of -30℃ to +200℃, ensuring no failure under explosive impact or high-temperature environments. The guide vane employs a double-helix structure with a pitch of 10~15mm, creating a vortex within the chamber where the oxygen and exhaled air achieve a mixing efficiency that satisfies the following relationship: ,in, For mixing efficiency, The nonlinear response exponent is denoted by t, where t is the gas residence time. The mixing time index is used. A one-way exhaust valve is installed on the expiratory channel. This one-way exhaust valve adopts a spring-loaded valve plate structure with an elastic coefficient of 0.5~1.0 N / cm. The opening pressure is precisely set to 150~200Pa to prevent the backflow of toxic gases from the outside and to avoid excessive expiratory resistance.

[0030] The on-demand oxygen replenishment mechanism 1 includes a pressure balancing valve 2, a linkage oxygen replenishment valve 3, and a pressure sensing unit 5. The output end of the oxygen cylinder 4 is connected to the inlet end of the linkage oxygen replenishment valve 3, the outlet end of the linkage oxygen replenishment valve 3 is connected to the inlet end of the pressure balancing valve 2, and the outlet end of the pressure balancing valve 2 is connected to the oxygen replenishment port of the connecting chamber 9. The pressure balancing valve 2 has a built-in stainless steel bellows to balance the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the connecting chamber 9. Its displacement-pressure characteristic has high linearity, preventing discomfort caused by negative pressure adsorption or positive pressure expansion of the mask 8. The linkage oxygen replenishment valve 3 is a pilot-operated mechanical valve with a valve core stroke S. 阀 With output oxygen flow rate Q 阀 Satisfies a linear relationship: Where γ is the flow coefficient, which is determined by the flow area of ​​the valve orifice and the oxygen pressure.

[0031] The pressure sensing unit 5 includes a highly sensitive elastic diaphragm 6 and a precision lever linkage structure 7. The highly sensitive elastic diaphragm 6 is disposed within the connecting chamber 9, and its displacement end is connected to the sensing end of the lever linkage structure 7. The actuating end of the lever linkage structure 7 is connected to the valve core drive end of the linked oxygen supply valve 3. The deformation of the highly sensitive elastic diaphragm 6 caused by the air pressure within the connecting chamber 9 is amplified by the lever linkage structure 7 and drives the linked oxygen supply valve 3 to open or close, with a response delay of less than 0.1 seconds. Here, the thickness of the highly sensitive elastic diaphragm 6 is 0.1~0.3mm, and the preferred material is fluororubber (FKM), which has oil resistance, high temperature resistance, and long-term deformation recovery properties. The lever arm ratio of the precision lever linkage structure 7 is set to 1:5~1:10 to amplify the small diaphragm displacement into the valve core drive stroke, thereby improving the system sensitivity.

[0032] The linked oxygen supply valve 3 operates in coordination with the detection signal from the pressure sensing unit 5 and the air pressure feedback, essentially using PID control logic to dynamically adjust the valve opening. The oxygen flow response time is ≤0.5 seconds, ensuring a smooth and shock-free oxygen supply process, thus improving wearing comfort and safety. Furthermore, the oxygen supply flow rate through the linked oxygen supply valve 3 and the air pressure change within the connecting chamber 9 satisfy a non-linear quantification relationship: ,in, To supplement oxygen flow, The difference between the instantaneous air pressure inside the connecting chamber (9) and the ambient atmospheric pressure, Standard atmospheric pressure This is the system adjustment coefficient. This is a nonlinear response index. This nonlinear quantitative relationship simulates the nonlinear characteristics of human respiratory metabolism. Relevant parameters are determined in advance through experiments simulating different respiratory states to ensure low-flow oxygen supply during weak breathing and rapid increase in oxygen supply during vigorous breathing, achieving the goal of energy-saving and efficient on-demand oxygen supply.

[0033] Furthermore, a gas detection device 10 is also installed on the connecting chamber 9. This gas detection device 10 is a mechanically assisted sensing module, including a paramagnetic oxygen concentration sensor, an infrared carbon dioxide concentration sensor, and a multi-component gas analysis module. It is used to monitor the O2 concentration and CO2 concentration inside the mask 8, as well as the volume fraction of N2, CO, and other components in the mixed gas inside the connecting chamber 9 in real time. The data detected by this gas detection device 10 can be used to determine the wearer's current respiratory status and metabolic needs (such as oxygen demand, tidal volume, respiratory rate, etc.), thereby providing data support for the aforementioned nonlinear quantification relationship. This facilitates subsequent adjustment of the relevant parameters of the nonlinear quantification relationship, and allows for a more accurate calculation of the required oxygen supplementation flow rate Q through the aforementioned nonlinear quantification relationship. 补氧 This enables precise, on-demand oxygen supply and energy conservation.

[0034] In practical application scenarios, the oxygen cylinder, mask, pressure balance valve, linkage oxygen supply valve and other components or devices in the mechanical on-demand oxygen supply self-rescue device of this invention can be made of existing equipment with corresponding functions; the connecting chamber, highly sensitive elastic diaphragm, precision lever linkage structure and other components can be made of existing equipment or related materials according to the needs of actual working conditions.

[0035] Furthermore, this mechanical on-demand oxygen supplementation self-rescue device can also incorporate other equipment or components, or have their actual placement adjusted to achieve practical applications or other functions. For example, it includes connecting tubing and a backpack. The various functional modules within the self-rescue device are sealed together via connecting tubing (such as stainless steel corrugated pipes), ensuring smooth gas transmission while allowing for a certain range of relative displacement. The entire system is integrated into a lightweight backpack, with a total weight ≤1.5kg, facilitating single-person carrying and quick donning.

[0036] The mechanical on-demand oxygen supplementation self-rescue device based on respiratory pressure change driven by this invention has the technical advantage of significantly improving oxygen supplementation efficiency compared to traditional quantitative oxygen supply technology, and having breathing resistance lower than the industry standard limit. It can be applied to high-risk scenarios such as mine rescue, high-rise building fire escape, and underground confined space evacuation.

[0037] It should be noted that, depending on the implementation needs, the various components described in the embodiments of the present invention can be split into more components, or two or more components or parts of components can be combined into new components to achieve the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A mechanical on-demand oxygen supplementation self-rescue device driven by changes in respiratory pressure, characterized in that, It includes an oxygen cylinder (4), an on-demand oxygen replenishment mechanism (1), a connecting chamber (9), and a mask (8); the oxygen cylinder (4) is connected to the oxygen replenishment port of the connecting chamber (9) through the on-demand oxygen replenishment mechanism (1), and the mask (8) is connected to the breathing end of the connecting chamber (9); The on-demand oxygen replenishment mechanism (1) includes a pressure balance valve (2), a linkage oxygen replenishment valve (3), and a pressure sensing unit (5). The output end of the oxygen cylinder (4) is connected to the inlet end of the linkage oxygen replenishment valve (3), the outlet end of the linkage oxygen replenishment valve (3) is connected to the inlet end of the pressure balance valve (2), and the outlet end of the pressure balance valve (2) is connected to the oxygen replenishment port of the connecting chamber (9). The pressure sensing unit (5) includes a highly sensitive elastic diaphragm (6) and a precision lever linkage structure (7). The highly sensitive elastic diaphragm (6) is disposed in the connecting chamber (9) and its displacement end is connected to the sensing end of the lever linkage structure (7). The actuating end of the lever linkage structure (7) is connected to the valve core driving end of the linkage oxygen supplement valve (3). The deformation of the highly sensitive elastic diaphragm (6) caused by the air pressure in the connecting chamber (9) is amplified by the lever linkage structure (7) and drives the linkage oxygen supply valve (3) to open or close.

2. The mechanical on-demand oxygen supplementation self-rescue device based on respiratory pressure change as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The output end of the oxygen cylinder (4) is connected to a pressure reducing valve (11).

3. The mechanical on-demand oxygen supplementation self-rescue device based on respiratory pressure change as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting chamber (9) is internally integrated with a guide vane to form a vortex mixing chamber, guiding the oxygen introduced into the chamber to form a swirling mixture with the exhaled gas; the guide vane is a double-helix guide vane with a pitch of 10~15mm, so that the oxygen introduced into the chamber and the exhaled gas form a vortex in the chamber, and the mixing efficiency satisfies the following relationship: ,in, For mixing efficiency, The nonlinear response exponent is denoted by t, where t is the gas residence time. It is a mixed time index.

4. The mechanical on-demand oxygen supplementation self-rescue device based on respiratory pressure change as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The oxygen supply flow rate of the on-demand oxygen supply mechanism (1) and the pressure change in the connecting chamber (9) satisfy a non-linear quantitative relationship: ; in, To supplement oxygen flow, The difference between the instantaneous air pressure inside the connecting chamber (9) and the ambient atmospheric pressure, Standard atmospheric pressure This is the system adjustment coefficient. It is a nonlinear response exponent.

5. The mechanical on-demand oxygen supplementation self-rescue device based on respiratory pressure change as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The deformation of the highly sensitive elastic diaphragm (6) is linearly related to the change in air pressure: ,in, is the diaphragm stiffness coefficient.

6. The mechanical on-demand oxygen supplementation self-rescue device based on respiratory pressure change as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The lever arm ratio of the lever linkage structure (7) is set to 1:5~1:

10.

7. The mechanical on-demand oxygen supplementation self-rescue device based on respiratory pressure change as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The linked oxygen supply valve (3) is a pilot-operated mechanical valve with a valve core stroke S. 阀 With output oxygen flow rate Q 阀 Satisfies a linear relationship: Where γ is the flow coefficient, which is determined by the flow area of ​​the valve orifice and the oxygen pressure.

8. The mechanical on-demand oxygen supplementation self-rescue device based on respiratory pressure change driven according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The connecting chamber (9) is also equipped with a gas detection device (10), which includes a paramagnetic oxygen concentration sensor, an infrared carbon dioxide concentration sensor and a multi-component gas analysis module, for real-time monitoring of O2 concentration, CO2 concentration in the mask and N2 and CO volume fraction in the mixed gas in the connecting chamber (9).

Images