A two-stage activated carbon grading temperature control type adsorption device for explosive area and a control method thereof

Abstract

This application provides a two-stage activated carbon graded temperature-controlled adsorption device and control method for use in explosive zones. The device includes a housing with an inlet pipe at the top and an outlet pipe at the bottom. A first cooler for primary cooling of the waste gas is installed on the inlet pipe. A primary adsorption zone and a secondary adsorption zone are arranged vertically within the housing, with a second cooler for secondary cooling of the waste gas between them. Each primary and secondary adsorption zone includes multiple layers of adsorption components arranged vertically, forming a closed waste gas mixing chamber between adjacent adsorption components. Each layer of adsorption components contains multiple adsorption units, each including an adsorption body, a temperature conducting element, and a shape memory alloy valve. The temperature conducting element is in contact with the adsorption body, and the shape memory alloy valve is located at the waste gas inlet of the adsorption body and in contact with the temperature conducting element. The shape memory alloy valve deforms in response to a temperature signal to adjust the inlet opening. Through two-stage cooling and adaptive adjustment of the shape memory alloy valve, safe and efficient adsorption of the waste gas is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of organic waste gas purification technology in explosive zones, specifically relating to a two-stage activated carbon graded temperature-controlled adsorption device and control method for explosive zones. Background Technology

[0002] Organic waste gases generated in explosive-prone areas (such as production areas in the chemical, petroleum, and coal mining industries) contain flammable components. Direct emission not only pollutes the environment but also poses a risk of combustion and explosion. Activated carbon, due to its large specific surface area and excellent adsorption performance, is often used as an adsorption medium for waste gas treatment. However, waste gases in explosive-prone areas are generally characterized by high temperature and large concentration fluctuations, placing extremely high demands on the temperature control of adsorption devices. Too low a temperature will reduce adsorption efficiency, while too high a temperature may ignite the activated carbon or cause an explosion. Current technologies typically rely solely on cooling water to cool the waste gas as a whole to ensure that the temperature of the waste gas entering the adsorption device remains within a safe range.

[0003] This cooling method cannot detect the actual temperature rise caused by the heat released during adsorption in each adsorption unit. Since activated carbon adsorption itself releases heat, even waste gas that has been cooled to a safe temperature upon entering the device may still experience a significant local temperature rise due to the accumulation of adsorption heat after passing through the adsorption bed. The existing cooling system can only passively adjust based on the inlet gas temperature. It cannot predict the local temperature rise caused by the adsorption heat in advance, nor can it provide differentiated cooling to the adsorption unit after the temperature rise occurs; it can only cool all adsorption units uniformly. This uniform cooling method cannot accurately intervene in units with abnormal temperature rises, nor can it identify failed units that have stopped generating heat due to saturation, making it difficult to guarantee both waste gas treatment efficiency and operational safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, the first aspect of the present invention provides a secondary activated carbon graded temperature-controlled adsorption device for use in explosive zones, comprising a box, wherein an air inlet pipe is provided at the top of the box and an air outlet pipe is provided at the bottom, and a first cooler for primary cooling of the waste gas is provided on the air inlet pipe; a primary adsorption zone and a secondary adsorption zone are arranged vertically inside the box, and a second cooler for secondary cooling of the waste gas is provided between the primary adsorption zone and the secondary adsorption zone; The primary adsorption zone and the secondary adsorption zone each include multiple adsorption components arranged sequentially in a vertical direction, with a closed waste gas mixing chamber formed between adjacent layers of adsorption components. Each layer of adsorption components includes multiple adsorption units, each of which includes an adsorption body, a temperature conduction element, and a shape memory alloy valve. The temperature conduction element is in contact with the adsorption body, and the shape memory alloy valve is located at the waste gas inlet of the adsorption body and is in contact with the temperature conduction element. The shape memory alloy valve deforms in response to the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature conduction element to change the opening degree of the waste gas inlet of the adsorption body.

[0005] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, the adsorption component further includes: Multiple mounting frames are arranged along a first direction, which is a horizontal direction; adjacent mounting frames are connected by multiple heat-insulating connecting plates, which are arranged at intervals along a vertical direction; each mounting frame corresponds to an adsorption body and is cylindrical in shape, with an opening at one end for inserting the adsorption body. A pair of support connecting frames are respectively fixedly installed on the mounting frame at the edge position and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box.

[0006] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, the two sides and the bottom surface of the mounting frame form multiple support segments, which are arranged along a second direction, which is horizontal and perpendicular to the first direction. The bottom surface of each support segment is provided with multiple first through-holes communicating with the exhaust gas outlet of the adsorption body. A U-shaped embedding groove is formed between two adjacent support segments, and a temperature conducting element is provided in each embedding groove. The temperature conducting element is a hollow U-shaped heat conducting tube filled with heat exchange fluid. The two ends of the temperature conducting element extend to the top surface of the mounting frame. The top surface of the mounting frame is provided with multiple pairs of second through-holes that communicate with the exhaust gas inlet of the adsorption body. Each pair of second through-holes is provided at both ends of the temperature conduction element. Each second through-hole contains a memory alloy valve plate, and one side of the memory alloy valve plate is fixed to the inner wall of the second through-hole.

[0007] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, each of the exhaust gas mixing chambers is provided with a pair of support frames, the pair of support frames are arranged along the first direction and respectively located at both ends of the exhaust gas mixing chamber; the support frames extend along the second direction and abut against the support connecting frames in two adjacent adsorption components on their upper and lower sides respectively; the support frames are made of thermally conductive material, the support frames are hollow inside and connected at both ends to form a heat dissipation channel, and ventilation openings are provided on the box body corresponding to the two ends of the support frames.

[0008] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, the second cooler is provided with a plurality of exhaust gas cooling inlets on the side near the first adsorption zone, and at least one exhaust gas cooling outlet connected to each exhaust gas cooling inlet on the side near the second adsorption zone; the second cooler is provided with a cooling medium channel inside, and the inlet and outlet of the cooling medium channel are respectively connected to a cooling inlet pipe and a cooling outlet pipe, and the cooling inlet pipe and the cooling outlet pipe respectively pass through a pair of support frames in the exhaust gas mixing chamber where the second cooler is located.

[0009] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, the adsorption device further includes an air inlet distribution pipe and an exhaust collection hood disposed in the box; The air intake distribution pipe is located above the first layer of adsorption components and includes multiple sealing covers corresponding to multiple mounting frames. The sealing covers are placed on the top surface of the corresponding mounting frame and cover all the second through-holes thereon. The multiple sealing covers are connected through a distribution main pipe, which is connected to the air intake pipe. The exhaust collection hood is located below the last layer of adsorption components and covers the bottom surface of the mounting frame. The exhaust collection hood covers all the first through-holes on the last layer of adsorption components. The exhaust collection hood is connected to the exhaust pipe.

[0010] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, a third through-hole is provided on the side wall of the box corresponding to the opening of each mounting frame; the adsorption body includes a columnar receiving shell, the receiving shell contains adsorption material, one end of the receiving shell is used to insert into the mounting frame, and the other end is provided with a limiting baffle for abutting against the outer wall of the box, and the limiting baffle is provided with a handle; the top surface of the receiving shell is provided with a plurality of exhaust gas inlets and the bottom surface is provided with a plurality of exhaust gas outlets, each exhaust gas inlet corresponds to a pair of second through-holes, and each exhaust gas outlet corresponds to all the first through-holes on a support section.

[0011] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for graded temperature-controlled adsorption of secondary activated carbon in explosive zones, based on the graded temperature-controlled adsorption device for secondary activated carbon in explosive zones as described above, wherein each of the adsorption units is respectively provided with a temperature sensor; the method includes: Obtain the temperature value of each adsorption unit; Adsorption units with temperatures higher than the upper limit of the high-efficiency adsorption temperature range corresponding to their respective adsorption zones are considered as over-limit units. When it is determined that there are over-limit units in the adsorption zone, the total number of adsorption units in the adsorption zone whose temperature difference from the upper limit is less than a preset deviation threshold is counted. The first ratio of the total number to the total number of adsorption units in the adsorption zone is calculated, and the second ratio of the number of over-limit units in the adsorption zone to the total number of adsorption units in the adsorption zone is counted. Adjust the medium output of the corresponding cooler according to the first ratio and the second ratio until the temperature value of all adsorption units in the adsorption zone is less than or equal to the upper limit of the corresponding high temperature adsorption temperature range of the adsorption zone.

[0012] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, adjusting the medium output of the corresponding cooler according to the first ratio and the second ratio includes: Locate the adsorption area and adsorption component to which the over-limit unit belongs; When the second ratio of the corresponding adsorption zone is lower than the preset ratio threshold, the medium output of the cooler corresponding to the adsorption zone is kept constant. The shape memory alloy valve plate of the adsorption component where the overlimit unit is located adaptively throttles to suppress adsorption heat release, and the first ratio of the adsorption zone is continuously monitored. When the second ratio of the corresponding adsorption zone is higher than or equal to the preset ratio threshold, or when the first ratio continues to rise to the preset warning threshold, the cooling adjustment weight is determined by combining the layer of the adsorption component where the over-limit unit is located and the temperature rise gradient of the waste gas between layers; if the over-limit units are concentrated in the first layer of the primary adsorption zone, the first cooler is used to adjust the medium output; if the over-limit units are concentrated in the last layer of the primary adsorption zone and the secondary adsorption zone, the second cooler is used as the main regulator and the medium output of the first cooler is adjusted simultaneously.

[0013] According to the technical solution provided by the present invention, a waste gas concentration sensor is provided inside the box corresponding to the waste gas outlet of each adsorption body; In addition to obtaining the temperature values ​​of each of the adsorption units, the process also includes: Obtain the concentration value at the exhaust gas outlet of each of the adsorption subjects; The method of adjusting the medium output of the corresponding cooler according to the first ratio and the second ratio also includes: Adsorption units whose exhaust gas concentration value in each adsorption component is higher than the preset concentration threshold corresponding to that adsorption component are marked as abnormal units; Obtain and sort the temperature values ​​of all other adsorption units in the adsorption assembly containing the abnormal unit, and determine the lowest temperature value among them. When the temperature value of the abnormal unit is lower than the minimum temperature value and the ratio between the two is less than the set ratio, it is determined that the adsorption subject corresponding to the abnormal unit is in a saturated failure state, and a replacement prompt signal carrying its adsorption zone, level and location number is generated.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: By setting up a first cooler and a second cooler to gradually cool the exhaust gas, a safe temperature basis for the adsorption process is provided. By dividing the chamber into a primary adsorption zone and a secondary adsorption zone and allowing the exhaust gas to flow through them sequentially, and by setting up multiple adsorption components in each adsorption zone, a waste gas mixing chamber is formed between adjacent layers. This allows the exhaust gas to be redistributed after adsorption in each layer, achieving a gradual balance of exhaust gas concentration and temperature and avoiding single-layer overload. The temperature transmission element independently configured in each adsorption unit can accurately collect the actual temperature rise signal generated by the adsorption exothermic reaction of the corresponding adsorbent and transmit this signal to the corresponding shape memory alloy valve. The shape memory alloy valve adaptively deforms according to the temperature signal reflecting the heating state of the adsorbent itself to adjust the air intake opening of the adsorption unit. When the temperature rises abnormally due to adsorption exothermic reaction, the valve actively closes to reduce the air intake of the unit, thereby suppressing the continued generation of heat from the heat source end and forming a negative feedback regulation mechanism based on the adsorption heat signal. This structure not only overcomes the shortcomings of existing cooling systems that can only passively cool down and cannot intervene in local temperature rise at the source, but also identifies failed units that have stopped generating heat due to saturation by abnormal changes in temperature signals, thereby improving adsorption efficiency while ensuring the safe operation of the explosive zone. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the secondary activated carbon graded temperature-controlled adsorption device for use in explosive zones provided in Example 1; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the adsorption device shown. Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the positional distribution of the adsorption components; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the adsorption component; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of point A in the adsorption assembly shown; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A partial cross-sectional view of the structure shown. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the adsorption host structure; Figure 8 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the back structure of the adsorption device shown; Figure 9 The flowchart illustrates the steps of the graded temperature-controlled adsorption method using secondary activated carbon in explosive zones provided in Example 2.

[0016] The text labels in the diagram represent: 1. Box body; 2. Inlet pipe; 3. Outlet pipe; 4. First cooler; 5. Second cooler; 6. Adsorption assembly; 7. Adsorption body; 8. Temperature conduction element; 9. Shape memory alloy valve plate; 10. Mounting frame; 11. Heat insulation connecting plate; 12. Support connecting frame; 13. Support section; 14. First through-hole; 15. Second through-hole; 16. Support frame; 17. Ventilation port; 18. Exhaust gas cooling inlet; 19. Cooling inlet pipe; 20. Cooling outlet pipe; 21. Inlet distribution pipe; 22. Exhaust collection hood; 23. Exhaust fan; 24. Sealing cover; 25. Distribution main pipe; 26. Housing shell; 27. Limiting baffle; 28. Handle; 29. ​​Support mesh. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0018] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Example 1 As mentioned in the background section, please refer to the relevant technical issues. Figures 1-8 This embodiment proposes a two-stage activated carbon graded temperature-controlled adsorption device for use in explosive zones, including a housing 1. The housing 1 has an air inlet pipe 2 at the top and an air outlet pipe 3 at the bottom. The air inlet pipe 2 is equipped with a first cooler 4 for primary cooling of the exhaust gas. The housing 1 has a primary adsorption zone and a secondary adsorption zone arranged vertically inside the housing 1. A second cooler 5 is provided between the primary adsorption zone and the secondary adsorption zone for secondary cooling of the exhaust gas. The primary adsorption zone and the secondary adsorption zone each include multiple adsorption components 6 arranged in a vertical direction, and a closed waste gas mixing chamber is formed between two adjacent layers of adsorption components 6. Each layer of adsorption component 6 includes multiple adsorption units, and each adsorption unit includes an adsorption body 7, a temperature conduction element 8, and a shape memory alloy valve 9. The temperature conduction element 8 is in contact with the adsorption body 7, and the shape memory alloy valve 9 is disposed at the waste gas inlet of the adsorption body 7 and is in contact with the temperature conduction element 8. The shape memory alloy valve 9 deforms in response to the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature conduction element 8 to change the opening degree of the waste gas inlet of the adsorption body 7.

[0020] Specifically, the inlet pipe 2 is used to introduce external waste gas into the housing 1, and the outlet pipe 3 is used to discharge the treated purified gas. A first cooler 4 is installed on the inlet pipe 2. The first cooler 4 is used to perform initial cooling treatment on the waste gas entering the housing 1, reducing the waste gas temperature to within the high-efficiency operating temperature range of the primary adsorption zone. The upper limit of this high-efficiency operating temperature range is lower than the warning temperature specified in the safety regulations for explosion-prone areas. This warning temperature refers to the critical temperature value at which activated carbon may spontaneously combust or cause a sharp increase in internal pressure of the housing 1 under continuous adsorption and exothermic conditions. By pre-controlling the temperature of the waste gas entering the housing 1 to below the warning temperature, sufficient safety margin can be reserved for the temperature rise caused by adsorption and exothermic processes during subsequent adsorption, preventing the initial high temperature of the waste gas from exceeding the safety boundary due to the combined adsorption heat, thus reducing the risk of combustion and explosion from the source.

[0021] Inside the housing 1, from top to bottom vertically, there are a primary adsorption zone and a secondary adsorption zone. The primary adsorption zone, located near the inlet pipe 2, is used for preliminary adsorption treatment of the waste gas. The secondary adsorption zone, located near the outlet pipe 3, is used for deep adsorption and purification of the waste gas treated by the primary adsorption zone. In this embodiment, the primary adsorption zone includes two layers of adsorption components 6 arranged vertically, and the secondary adsorption zone also includes two layers of adsorption components 6 arranged vertically. Therefore, the housing 1 contains a total of four layers of adsorption components 6: a first layer, a second layer, a third layer, and a fourth layer. A closed waste gas mixing chamber is formed between adjacent layers of adsorption components 6. This chamber collects the waste gas discharged from each adsorption unit of the previous layer of adsorption components 6 and mixes it thoroughly. This ensures that the temperature and concentration of the waste gas are equalized before entering the next layer of adsorption components 6, preventing some adsorption units from overloading due to uneven local airflow while others remain idle, thereby improving the overall adsorption efficiency. The waste gas mixing chamber between the first and second adsorption modules serves as the interlayer mixing space within the primary adsorption zone, while the waste gas mixing chamber between the second and third adsorption modules simultaneously serves as the connecting space between the primary and secondary adsorption zones. By setting up primary and secondary adsorption zones and allowing the waste gas to flow sequentially through the four adsorption layers, staged treatment of the waste gas is achieved, extending the contact path and contact time between the waste gas and the adsorption materials.

[0022] The second cooler 5 is located in the waste gas mixing chamber between the second and third adsorption modules. The second cooler 5 is used to perform a second cooling treatment on the waste gas after it has been treated by the primary adsorption zone. The purpose of the second cooler 5 is twofold: First, the two adsorption modules in the primary adsorption zone continuously release adsorption heat during the adsorption process, causing a significant increase in the temperature of the waste gas after treatment. This temperature may exceed the high-efficiency operating temperature range of the secondary adsorption zone or even approach the warning temperature. If the gas enters the secondary adsorption zone directly without cooling, it will not only reduce the adsorption efficiency of the secondary adsorption zone but may also pose a safety hazard. Second, as a deep purification zone, the high-efficiency operating temperature range of the secondary adsorption zone is usually lower than that of the primary adsorption zone. Therefore, the temperature of the waste gas entering the secondary adsorption zone needs to be controlled at a lower level to ensure the deep adsorption effect. The second cooler 5, by forcibly cooling the waste gas flowing through the waste gas mixing chamber, lowers the waste gas temperature to within the high-efficiency operating temperature range of the secondary adsorption zone, providing a thermal buffer between the primary and secondary adsorption zones and creating suitable temperature conditions for the stable operation of the secondary adsorption zone.

[0023] Each adsorption assembly 6 includes multiple adsorption units arranged side-by-side in a horizontal direction. Each adsorption unit includes an adsorption body 7, a temperature conduction element 8, and a shape memory alloy valve 9. The adsorption body 7 is filled with adsorption materials such as activated carbon for adsorbing and purifying the flowing waste gas. The temperature conduction element 8 is in contact with the adsorption body 7 and is used to conduct the heat generated by the adsorption body 7 during adsorption to the shape memory alloy valve 9. The shape memory alloy valve 9 is located at the waste gas inlet of the adsorption body 7 and is in contact with the temperature conduction element 8. The shape memory alloy valve 9 is made of shape memory alloy material, which has the characteristic of deforming with temperature changes. When the adsorption body 7 adsorbs heat and its temperature rises, the heat is conducted to the shape memory alloy valve 9 through the temperature conduction element 8. The shape memory alloy valve 9 senses this temperature change and deforms, reducing the opening of the waste gas inlet of the adsorption body 7, thereby reducing the amount of waste gas entering the adsorption unit; when the temperature of the adsorption body 7 decreases, the shape memory alloy valve 9 returns to its original shape, increasing the opening of the waste gas inlet and increasing the amount of waste gas entering the adsorption unit. Since the exhaust gas reaching each shape memory alloy valve 9 is cooled by the first cooler 4, the difference in temperature between each shape memory alloy valve 9 and the exhaust gas is relatively small. The temperature conduction element 8 conducts the heat released by the adsorption body 7 itself, which is less affected by the heat of the exhaust gas. It can transfer the heat released by the adsorption body 7 to the shape memory alloy valve 9. Therefore, the shape memory alloy valve 9 directly responds to the real-time temperature state of the adsorption body 7. When the temperature of a certain adsorption unit rises abnormally due to excessive adsorption, the shape memory alloy valve 9 of that adsorption unit closes independently, forming a differentiated adjustment for that adsorption unit. It does not rely on an external control system or power source and realizes adaptive negative feedback adjustment based on the heat of adsorption.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the adsorption component 6 further includes: Multiple mounting frames 10 are arranged along a first direction, which is a horizontal direction; adjacent mounting frames 10 are connected by multiple heat-insulating connecting plates 11, which are arranged at intervals along a vertical direction; each mounting frame 10 corresponds to an adsorption body 7 and is cylindrical in shape, with an opening at one end for inserting the adsorption body 7. A pair of support connecting frames 12 are respectively fixedly installed on the mounting frame 10 at the edge position and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box 1.

[0025] Specifically, the mounting frame 10 has a cylindrical structure with an internal receiving space for accommodating the adsorption body 7. One end of the cylindrical structure has an opening through which the adsorption body 7 is inserted into the mounting frame 10. The portion of the adsorption body 7 extending into the mounting frame 10 has a rectangular cross-section, as does the receiving space within the mounting frame 10. These shapes are matched to ensure a uniform fit between the adsorption body 7 and the inner wall of the receiving space after insertion. This also ensures accurate alignment of the exhaust gas inlet of the adsorption body 7 with the corresponding opening on the top surface of the mounting frame 10, and accurate alignment of the exhaust gas outlet of the adsorption body 7 with the corresponding opening on the bottom surface of the mounting frame 10. Multiple mounting frames 10 are arranged along a first horizontal direction, allowing the adsorption bodies 7 to be horizontally arranged side-by-side within the same adsorption layer. Exhaust gas entering each mounting frame 10 can simultaneously pass through each adsorption body 7, achieving parallel adsorption treatment.

[0026] Adjacent mounting frames 10 are connected by multiple heat-insulating connecting plates 11, which are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction. In this embodiment, two heat-insulating connecting plates 11 are provided between two adjacent mounting frames 10, both extending horizontally and arranged at intervals along the vertical direction. The heat-insulating connecting plates 11 are made of heat-insulating material, and their core function is to cut off the heat conduction path between adjacent mounting frames 10, preventing lateral heat transfer between adjacent adsorption units. Since the shape memory alloy valve 9 of each adsorption unit needs to be independently deformed and adjusted according to the actual temperature of its own adsorption body 7, if the heat generated by one adsorption body 7 is laterally conducted to the adjacent adsorption unit through the mounting frame 10, the temperature sensed by the shape memory alloy valve 9 of the adjacent adsorption unit will deviate from the true temperature of its own adsorption body 7, thus affecting the accuracy of valve adjustment. By setting the heat-insulating connecting plates 11 to cut off this heat conduction path, the independence of the temperature field of each adsorption unit is ensured. Meanwhile, the two heat insulation connecting plates 11 are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction, which reduces the weight while ensuring the strength of the connection structure compared to the design of using a whole heat insulation connecting plate.

[0027] A pair of support connecting frames 12 are respectively fixedly installed on the mounting frames 10 located at both ends in the first direction, that is, each of the two mounting frames 10 located at the edge is fixedly connected to a support connecting frame 12. The support connecting frames 12 are also fixedly connected to the inner wall of the housing 1, thereby suspending the entire adsorption assembly 6 inside the housing 1. By connecting and fixing the adsorption assembly 6 to the inner wall of the housing 1 through the support connecting frames 12, the adsorption assemblies 6 are arranged sequentially in the vertical direction and maintain a stable interlayer spacing, ensuring that the waste gas mixing chamber between adjacent adsorption assemblies 6 has an accurate height dimension, providing a stable space for waste gas mixing and airflow distribution.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the two sides and the bottom surface of the mounting frame 10 form a plurality of support segments 13, which are arranged along a second direction, which is horizontal and perpendicular to the first direction. The bottom surface of each support segment 13 is provided with a plurality of first through-holes 14 communicating with the exhaust gas outlet of the adsorption body 7. A U-shaped embedding groove is formed between two adjacent support segments 13, and a temperature conducting element 8 is provided in each embedding groove. The temperature conducting element 8 is a hollow U-shaped heat conducting tube filled with heat exchange fluid. The two ends of the temperature conducting element 8 extend to the top surface of the mounting frame 10. The top surface of the mounting frame 10 is provided with multiple pairs of second through ports 15 that are connected to the exhaust gas inlet of the adsorption body 7. Each pair of second through ports 15 is respectively set at both ends of the temperature conduction element 8. Each second through port 15 is provided with a memory alloy valve plate 9, and one side of the memory alloy valve plate 9 is fixed to the inner wall of the second through port 15.

[0029] Specifically, since the adsorption body 7 has a rectangular cross-section, the top surface of the adsorption body 7 serves as the side where the waste gas enters. A U-shaped heat-conducting pipe, acting as a temperature conduction element 8, is installed within the embedding groove, fitted onto the adsorption body 7 and covering the other three sides of the adsorption body 7 except for the top surface. All three sides of the adsorption body 7 are in contact with the surface of the U-shaped heat-conducting pipe. By covering the three sides of the adsorption body 7 with the U-shaped heat-conducting pipe, the contact area between the temperature conduction element 8 and the adsorption body 7 is increased, allowing the heat generated by the adsorption body 7 during adsorption to be more fully conducted to the temperature conduction element 8, thus improving heat transfer efficiency. Furthermore, the surface of the adsorption body 7 can be coated with thermally conductive silicone grease to fill the microscopic gaps between the adsorption body 7 and the U-shaped heat-conducting pipe, further reducing contact thermal resistance and improving thermal conductivity. The shape memory alloy valve 9 maintains its maximum opening at ambient temperature to ensure that the waste gas can smoothly enter the adsorption body 7 during the initial startup of the device or at low temperatures.

[0030] The top surface of the mounting frame 10 is provided with multiple pairs of second through-holes 15 that communicate with the exhaust gas inlet of the adsorption body 7. Each exhaust gas inlet on the top surface of the adsorption body 7 is connected to a corresponding second through-hole 15. Exhaust gas entering the mounting frame 10 enters the adsorption body 7 through the second through-holes 15 and the exhaust gas inlet of the adsorption body 7. Each pair of second through-holes 15 corresponds to both ends of the temperature conducting element 8, and each second through-hole 15 contains a shape memory alloy valve 9. One side of the shape memory alloy valve 9 in each second through-hole 15 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the second through-hole 15. The two shape memory alloy valves 9 in each pair of second through-holes 15 are arranged in a split configuration, with the sides of the two shape memory alloy valves 9 that are furthest from each other contacting both ends of the temperature conducting element 8 to receive heat conducted by the temperature conducting element 8. When the temperature of the adsorption body 7 rises, heat is conducted through both ends of the temperature conducting element 8 to the two shape memory alloy valves 9, causing the two shape memory alloy valves 9 to deform simultaneously and rotate towards the center of the second through-hole 15 to reduce the opening, achieving a split-type closure.

[0031] The bottom surface of the support section 13 is provided with multiple first through holes 14, and the multiple first through holes 14 on the same support section 13 are arranged along a first direction. Each exhaust gas outlet on the bottom surface of the adsorption body 7 corresponds to one support section 13, and the exhaust gas outlet is connected to all the first through holes 14 on the support section 13. The gas purified by the adsorption body 7 is discharged from the mounting frame 10 through the exhaust gas outlet of the adsorption body 7 and the multiple first through holes 14 on the corresponding support section 13.

[0032] Each shape memory alloy valve 9 has a sealing ring on its edge. When the shape memory alloy valve 9 deforms due to temperature increase and reduces its opening, the sealing ring fits against the inner wall of the second through-hole 15, ensuring that the second through-hole 15 maintains good sealing performance when the opening is reduced, preventing exhaust gas leakage at the valve closure position. The temperature conduction element 8 is a hollow U-shaped heat-conducting tube filled with a heat exchange fluid. The heat exchange fluid can be pure water, which is suitable for a temperature range of 20℃ to 200℃, has a high specific heat capacity and high latent heat of vaporization, and is suitable for temperature rise scenarios caused by adsorption exothermics in this device; ethanol can also be used, which is suitable for a temperature range of 0℃ to 100℃, has a low start-up temperature and good flow performance, and is suitable for operating conditions with high requirements for temperature change response; acetone can also be used, which is suitable for a temperature range of 0℃ to 120℃, has a high latent heat of vaporization and good chemical stability, and is suitable for medium temperature operating conditions. The phase change heat transfer of the heat exchange fluid makes the temperature distribution of the temperature conduction element 8 uniform, ensuring that the two ends of the temperature conduction element 8 can synchronously conduct the heat of the adsorption body 7 to the corresponding shape memory alloy valve plate 9, so that the deformation of each pair of shape memory alloy valve plates 9 is consistent, and the synchronicity and accuracy of the air intake adjustment of each adsorption unit are guaranteed.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, each of the exhaust gas mixing chambers is provided with a pair of support frames 16, the pair of support frames 16 are arranged along the first direction and are respectively located at both ends of the exhaust gas mixing chamber; the support frames 16 extend along the second direction and abut against the support connecting frames 12 in the two adjacent adsorption components 6 on their upper and lower sides respectively; the support frames 16 are made of thermally conductive material, the support frames 16 are hollow inside and connected at both ends to form a heat dissipation channel, and ventilation openings 17 are provided on the housing 1 corresponding to the two ends of the support frames 16.

[0034] Specifically, the upper and lower sides of the support frame 16 abut against the support connecting frames 12 of the two adjacent adsorption components 6, respectively. That is, the upper side of the support frame 16 abuts against the support connecting frame 12 of the upper layer adsorption component 6, and the lower side abuts against the support connecting frame 12 of the lower layer adsorption component 6. By abutting against the support connecting frames 12 of the upper and lower layers of adsorption components 6, the support frame 16 maintains a stable position in the waste gas mixing chamber, and at the same time provides auxiliary support for the upper and lower layers of adsorption components 6, thereby enhancing the structural stability of the entire adsorption component 6 in the vertical direction.

[0035] The support frame 16 is made of thermally conductive material, and its interior is hollow with both ends connected to form a heat dissipation channel. Ventilation openings 17 are provided on the housing 1 at both ends corresponding to the support frame 16. External cold air can enter the heat dissipation channel of the support frame 16 through one end of the ventilation opening 17, flow through the heat dissipation channel, and then exit from the other end of the ventilation opening 17, carrying away the heat absorbed by the support frame 16. During the operation of the device, the temperature of the waste gas in the waste gas mixing chamber rises due to adsorption and heat release. The thermally conductive material of the support frame 16 allows it to quickly absorb heat from the surrounding hot air, transferring heat from the hot air in the waste gas mixing chamber to the support frame 16. The heat is then carried out to the outside of the housing 1 by the cold air flowing through the heat dissipation channel, thus achieving auxiliary cooling of the internal environment of the waste gas mixing chamber.

[0036] To further improve heat exchange efficiency, fins can be added inside the heat dissipation channel of the support frame 16. The fins are arranged along the length of the heat dissipation channel, increasing the contact area between the inner wall of the channel and the cold air. This allows the heat absorbed by the support frame 16 to be transferred more efficiently to the cold air flowing through the channel, improving heat dissipation. In addition, a cold air fan can be installed at the vent 17 to force cold air into the heat dissipation channel, accelerating the airflow and enhancing convective heat transfer efficiency. When the temperature inside the exhaust gas mixing chamber is high, starting the cold air fan can significantly increase the heat dissipation rate, ensuring that the temperature inside the exhaust gas mixing chamber remains within a safe range and preventing excessively high temperatures from affecting adsorption efficiency or causing safety risks.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the second cooler 5 is provided with a plurality of exhaust gas cooling inlets 18 on the side near the first adsorption zone, and at least one exhaust gas cooling outlet connected to each exhaust gas cooling inlet 18 on the side near the second adsorption zone; the second cooler 5 is provided with a cooling medium channel inside, and the inlet and outlet of the cooling medium channel are respectively connected to a cooling inlet pipe 19 and a cooling outlet pipe 20, and the cooling inlet pipe 19 and the cooling outlet pipe 20 respectively pass through a pair of support frames 16 in the exhaust gas mixing chamber where the second cooler 5 is located.

[0038] Specifically, the second cooler 5 has multiple exhaust gas cooling inlets 18 on the side near the first adsorption zone. These inlets 18 are arranged along a second direction to receive the high-temperature exhaust gas treated in the first adsorption zone. The second cooler 5 also has at least one exhaust gas cooling outlet on the side near the second adsorption zone, connecting each exhaust gas cooling inlet 18. The exhaust gas cooled by the second cooler 5 is discharged through the exhaust gas cooling outlet and enters the second adsorption zone. By providing multiple exhaust gas cooling inlets 18, the high-temperature exhaust gas is dispersed into multiple streams upon entering the second cooler 5, increasing the heat exchange area between the exhaust gas and the cooling medium channel, improving heat exchange efficiency, and ensuring that the exhaust gas is uniformly cooled to the high-efficiency operating temperature range of the second adsorption zone after flowing through the second cooler 5.

[0039] The second cooler 5 has a cooling medium channel inside, which extends along the second direction. The inlet and outlet of the cooling medium channel are connected to a cooling inlet pipe 19 and a cooling outlet pipe 20, respectively. The cooling medium enters the cooling medium channel through the cooling inlet pipe 19, flows through the entire cooling medium channel, and exits through the cooling outlet pipe 20. Circulating cooling water or other cooling media flows through the cooling medium channel. When high-temperature exhaust gas enters the second cooler 5 from the exhaust gas cooling inlet 18, the exhaust gas exchanges heat with the cooling medium in the cooling medium channel. The heat carried by the exhaust gas is transferred to the cooling medium and carried out, thus cooling the exhaust gas. By setting a cooling medium channel inside the second cooler 5, the exhaust gas undergoes sufficient heat exchange with the cooling medium during its flow through the second cooler 5, ensuring a cooling effect. The first cooler 4 can also adopt the same working principle, that is, using circulating cooling medium to perform initial cooling of the exhaust gas entering the housing 1, thereby achieving preliminary control of the exhaust gas temperature.

[0040] Cooling inlet pipe 19 and cooling outlet pipe 20 respectively pass through a pair of support frames 16 within the exhaust gas mixing chamber of the second cooler 5; that is, cooling inlet pipe 19 passes through one support frame 16, and cooling outlet pipe 20 passes through the other support frame 16. The support frames 16 are provided with through holes for cooling inlet pipe 19 and cooling outlet pipe 20 to pass through. After passing through the support frames 16, cooling inlet pipe 19 and cooling outlet pipe 20 extend to the outside of the housing 1, connecting to an external cooling medium supply system. By having cooling inlet pipe 19 and cooling outlet pipe 20 pass through the support frames 16, the fixed position of the support frames 16 within the exhaust gas mixing chamber constrains and positions the pipelines, preventing the pipelines from swaying due to gravity or airflow impact when suspended within the exhaust gas mixing chamber, thus improving the reliability of the pipeline connection and structural stability. Sealing elements are provided at the through holes of cooling inlet pipe 19 and cooling outlet pipe 20 to prevent exhaust gas in the exhaust gas mixing chamber from leaking through the through holes.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the adsorption device further includes an air inlet distribution pipe 21 and an exhaust collection hood 22 disposed within the housing 1; The air intake distribution pipe 21 is located above the first layer adsorption assembly 6 and includes multiple sealing covers 24 corresponding to multiple mounting frames 10. The sealing covers 24 cover the top surface of the corresponding mounting frame 10 and cover all the second through holes 15 thereon. The multiple sealing covers 24 are connected through the distribution main pipe 25, which is connected to the air intake pipe 2. The exhaust collection hood 22 is located below the last layer of adsorption components 6 and covers the bottom surface of the mounting frame 10. The exhaust collection hood covers all the first through-holes 14 on the last layer of adsorption components 6. The exhaust collection hood is connected to the exhaust pipe 3.

[0042] Specifically, the air inlet distribution pipe 21 is disposed above the first layer adsorption assembly 6, and is used to evenly distribute the exhaust gas cooled by the first cooler 4 to each adsorption unit of the first layer adsorption assembly 6. The air inlet distribution pipe 21 includes a plurality of sealing covers 24 corresponding one-to-one with a plurality of mounting frames 10, and the plurality of sealing covers 24 are arranged along a first direction. Each sealing cover 24 covers the top surface of the corresponding mounting frame 10 and covers all the second through-holes 15 on the top surface of the mounting frame 10. By covering the top surface of the mounting frame 10 with the sealing covers 24, the exhaust gas entering the air inlet distribution pipe 21 cannot leak from any part of the top surface of the mounting frame 10 except for the second through-holes 15, ensuring that all the exhaust gas enters the interior of the corresponding adsorption body 7 through the second through-holes 15.

[0043] Multiple sealing covers 24 are interconnected via a distribution manifold 25, which extends along a first or second direction, connecting the sealing covers 24 in parallel as a whole. The distribution manifold 25 is connected to the inlet pipe 2. The exhaust gas, cooled by the first cooler 4, enters the distribution manifold 25 through the inlet pipe 2, and is then distributed to each sealing cover 24 by the distribution manifold 25, and subsequently enters each adsorption unit. By evenly distributing the exhaust gas to each sealing cover 24 through the distribution manifold 25, it ensures that each adsorption unit within the same adsorption layer receives a uniform exhaust gas flow distribution, avoiding overload of some adsorption units and idleness of others due to uneven airflow distribution, thereby improving the overall utilization rate of the adsorption material.

[0044] An exhaust gas collection hood 22 is located below the last layer of adsorption components 6 and is used to collect the purified gas after treatment by all adsorption layers. The exhaust gas collection hood 22 covers the bottom surface of each mounting frame 10 in the last layer of adsorption components 6 and covers all the first through-holes 14 on the last layer of adsorption components 6. The purified gas, after being discharged from each adsorption unit, enters the exhaust gas collection hood 22 through the first through-holes 14, and is then collected by the exhaust gas collection hood 22 and discharged outside the housing 1 through the exhaust pipe 3. The exhaust gas collection hood 22 centrally collects the purified gas discharged from each adsorption unit, preventing disorderly diffusion of the purified gas inside the housing 1 and ensuring that all treated gas can be discharged smoothly. At the same time, the exhaust gas collection hood 22 also serves a sealing function, preventing untreated or incompletely treated waste gas from leaking from the bottom surface of the mounting frame 10 (excluding the first through-holes 14) to the exhaust pipe 3. An exhaust fan 23 can also be installed on the exhaust pipe 3 to provide driving force for the waste gas flow, ensuring that the waste gas flows smoothly along a predetermined path inside the housing 1.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the side wall of the housing 1 is provided with a third through-hole corresponding to the opening of each mounting frame 10; the adsorption body 7 includes a columnar receiving shell 26, which contains adsorption material. One end of the receiving shell 26 is used to insert into the mounting frame 10, and the other end is provided with a limiting baffle 27 for abutting against the outer wall of the housing 1. The limiting baffle 27 is provided with a handle 28; the top surface of the receiving shell 26 is provided with a plurality of exhaust gas inlets and the bottom surface is provided with a plurality of exhaust gas outlets. Each exhaust gas inlet corresponds to a pair of second through-holes 15, and each exhaust gas outlet corresponds to all the first through-holes 14 on a support section 13.

[0046] Specifically, a third through-hole is provided on the side wall of the housing 1 corresponding to the opening of each mounting frame 10. The third through-hole is used for the adsorption body 7 to be inserted into the mounting frame 10 from the outside of the housing 1 through the opening, or to be pulled out from the mounting frame 10 to the outside of the housing 1 through the opening. The adsorption body 7 includes a cylindrical receiving shell 26, the interior of which forms a receiving cavity for holding the adsorption material. One end of the receiving shell 26 is an insertion end, which is inserted into the mounting frame 10 through the third through-hole and the opening of the mounting frame 10; the other end of the receiving shell 26 is provided with a limiting baffle 27, the size of which is larger than the size of the third through-hole. When the receiving shell 26 is inserted into place, the limiting baffle 27 abuts against the outer wall of the housing 1, which acts as a limit to prevent the receiving shell 26 from being over-inserted or falling out of the housing 1. The limiting baffle 27 is equipped with a handle 28. The operator can apply force by holding the handle 28 to pull the housing 26 out of the mounting frame 10 or push the housing 26 into the mounting frame 10, thereby facilitating the installation and disassembly of the adsorption body 7 and making it convenient for the replacement and maintenance of the adsorption material.

[0047] The top surface of the housing 26 has multiple exhaust gas inlets, and the bottom surface of the housing 26 has multiple exhaust gas outlets. Each exhaust gas inlet corresponds to a pair of second through-holes 15 on the top surface of the mounting frame 10, meaning one exhaust gas inlet connects to one second through-hole 15. After the housing 26 is inserted into the mounting frame 10, each exhaust gas inlet on the top surface of the housing 26 is aligned with each second through-hole 15 on the top surface of the mounting frame 10. Each exhaust gas outlet corresponds to all the first through-holes 14 on a support section 13 on the bottom surface of the mounting frame 10, meaning one exhaust gas outlet connects to all the first through-holes 14 on a support section 13. After the housing 26 is inserted into the mounting frame 10, each exhaust gas outlet on the bottom surface of the housing 26 is aligned with each of the multiple first through-holes 14 on the support sections 13 on the bottom surface of the mounting frame 10. Support mesh 29 is provided at both the exhaust gas inlets and exhaust gas outlets, covering the exhaust gas inlets and exhaust gas outlets. By setting the support mesh 29, on the one hand, the adsorbent material inside the housing 26 can be confined inside the housing 26, preventing the particulate or fibrous adsorbent material from falling off and leaking out from the exhaust gas inlet or exhaust gas outlet; on the other hand, the support mesh 29 has a mesh structure that allows gas to pass through, so it will not obstruct the exhaust gas from entering the housing 26 through the exhaust gas inlet and the purified gas from exiting the housing 26 through the exhaust gas outlet.

[0048] In this embodiment, the housing 26 of the adsorption body 7 in the primary adsorption zone is filled with a first adsorbent material, and the housing 26 of the adsorption body 7 in the secondary adsorption zone is filled with a second adsorbent material. The first and second adsorbent materials are of different types or specifications. Since the second cooler 5 reduces the temperature of the exhaust gas entering the secondary adsorption zone to a level lower than that entering the primary adsorption zone, the operating temperature range of the secondary adsorption zone is lower than that of the primary adsorption zone. Therefore, the secondary adsorption zone can use adsorbent materials that match low-temperature, high-precision adsorption. In a preferred embodiment, the first adsorbent material is granular activated carbon, which has a large adsorption capacity and good mechanical strength, making it suitable for bearing the main adsorption load under high concentration and high temperature conditions. The second adsorbent material is activated carbon fiber felt, which has a larger specific surface area and richer microporous structure, exhibiting excellent deep adsorption capacity for low-concentration pollutants at lower temperatures. By setting different adsorption materials in the primary and secondary adsorption zones, the adsorption materials of each adsorption zone are matched with their respective operating temperature ranges and treatment targets. The primary adsorption zone focuses on adsorption capacity to bear the main load, while the secondary adsorption zone focuses on adsorption precision to ensure that emissions meet standards. This achieves functional complementarity and synergistic effect between the two adsorption zones.

[0049] Example 2 Based on Embodiment 1 above, this embodiment provides a staged temperature-controlled adsorption method using secondary activated carbon for explosive zones. Based on the staged temperature-controlled adsorption device for secondary activated carbon in explosive zones as described in Embodiment 1, each adsorption unit is respectively equipped with a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is located on the surface of the adsorption body 7 or at the exhaust gas outlet of the adsorption body 7, and is used to detect the temperature value of the adsorption body 7. Please refer to... Figure 9 The method includes the following steps S100-S300: S100: Obtain the temperature value of each adsorption unit.

[0050] Specifically, in step S100, the temperature sensor collects the temperature data of the corresponding adsorption body 7 in real time and transmits the collected temperature value to the control system. Taking this embodiment as an example, the primary adsorption zone includes a first layer of adsorption components and a second layer of adsorption components, and the secondary adsorption zone includes a third layer of adsorption components and a fourth layer of adsorption components. Each layer of adsorption components includes three adsorption units arranged side by side in the horizontal direction, that is, a total of twelve adsorption units are arranged in the box 1. Each adsorption unit is respectively equipped with a temperature sensor, and the control system simultaneously acquires the temperature values ​​of the twelve adsorption units. By configuring a temperature sensor independently for each adsorption unit, the actual temperature status of each adsorption unit can be monitored in real time, providing a data basis for subsequent temperature control.

[0051] S200: When an adsorption unit with a temperature higher than the upper limit of the high-efficiency adsorption temperature range corresponding to its adsorption zone is identified as an over-limit unit, and an over-limit unit is identified in the adsorption zone, the total number of adsorption units in the adsorption zone whose temperature difference from the upper limit is less than a preset deviation threshold is counted, the first ratio of the total number to the total number of adsorption units in the adsorption zone is calculated, and the second ratio of the number of over-limit units in the adsorption zone to the total number of adsorption units in the adsorption zone is counted.

[0052] Specifically, in step S200, the primary adsorption zone corresponds to a first high-efficiency adsorption temperature range, and the secondary adsorption zone corresponds to a second high-efficiency adsorption temperature range. The upper limit of the second high-efficiency adsorption temperature range is lower than the lower limit of the first high-efficiency adsorption temperature range. The control system compares the temperature value of each adsorption unit with the upper limit of the high-efficiency adsorption temperature range corresponding to its adsorption zone, identifying units whose temperatures exceed the upper limit. After determining the existence of units exceeding the limit, it is necessary to calculate two statistical parameters: a first ratio and a second ratio.

[0053] The first ratio characterizes the proportion of adsorption units whose temperature values ​​in the adsorption zone are close to or have reached the upper limit, out of the total number of units in the adsorption zone. Specifically, based on the upper limit of the high-efficiency adsorption temperature range, the total number of adsorption units in the adsorption zone whose temperature values ​​differ from the upper limit by less than a preset deviation threshold is counted. This preset deviation threshold is used to define the range of "approaching the upper limit." This total number includes both units that have exceeded the limit and units whose temperatures are close to the upper limit even though they have not exceeded the limit. Dividing this total number by the total number of adsorption units in the adsorption zone yields the first ratio. The first ratio reflects the breadth of the overall temperature shift towards the upper limit in the adsorption zone and the potential risk of exceeding the limit. The larger the first ratio, the more units in the adsorption zone are approaching the upper limit, and even units that have not yet exceeded the limit are in a critical state. If intervention is not timely, more units will enter the state of exceeding the limit.

[0054] The second ratio represents the proportion of adsorption units in the adsorption zone that have actually exceeded their temperature limits, out of the total number of units in the adsorption zone. Specifically, the second ratio is obtained by counting the number of units in the adsorption zone whose temperature values ​​exceed the upper limit, and dividing this number by the total number of adsorption units in the adsorption zone. The second ratio reflects the severity of the current temperature exceedance problem. The larger the second ratio, the more adsorption units in the adsorption zone have exceeded their high-efficiency adsorption temperature range, requiring significant cooling intervention through a cooler.

[0055] The first and second ratios describe the temperature distribution in the adsorption zone from different dimensions: the first ratio reflects the overall shift trend and potential risks, while the second ratio reflects the severity of the current anomaly. The two ratios complement each other and serve together as the basis for determining cooler adjustment.

[0056] The following example serves as a supplementary verification. Assume the high-efficiency adsorption temperature range for the primary adsorption zone is 40℃ to 55℃, with a preset deviation threshold of 3℃. The primary adsorption zone has six adsorption units, denoted as A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, and B3. A1, A2, and A3 are located in the first layer adsorption assembly 6, and B1, B2, and B3 are located in the second layer adsorption assembly 6. The exhaust gas flows sequentially through the first and second layers. When the exhaust gas passes through the first layer adsorption assembly 6, some pollutants are adsorbed, releasing adsorption heat. Part of this heat is absorbed by the adsorption unit itself, raising its temperature, while the rest is carried by the exhaust gas into the second layer adsorption assembly 6. Therefore, the temperature of the exhaust gas entering the second layer is usually higher than that entering the first layer. Simultaneously, since the first layer has already adsorbed some pollutants, the concentration of the exhaust gas entering the second layer is lower than that in the first layer, resulting in a corresponding reduction in the heat released during adsorption by the second layer adsorption assembly. The combined effect of these two factors determines the actual temperature comparison between the first and second layer adsorption units. The table below shows one possible temperature distribution to illustrate the statistical and calculation process: Table 1

[0057] As shown in Table 1, the upper limit of the high-efficiency adsorption temperature range in the primary adsorption zone is 55℃. The temperatures of units A1, A2, A3, and B1 are all above 55℃, classifying them as exceeding the limit. The number of exceeding units is 4, and the second ratio is 4 / 6 ≈ 66.7%. Subsequently, the total number of adsorption units in this adsorption zone whose temperature difference from the upper limit of 55℃ is less than the preset deviation threshold of 3℃ was calculated. The differences for units A2, A3, B1, and B2 are 2℃, 2℃, 1℃, and 1℃ respectively, all less than 3℃, satisfying the condition. The difference for A1 is 4℃, not satisfying the condition; the difference for B3 is 5℃, also not satisfying the condition. Therefore, the total number of adsorption units satisfying the condition is 4, and the first ratio is 4 / 6 ≈ 66.7%.

[0058] In this example, the second ratio of 66.7% indicates that more than half of the adsorption units in the adsorption zone have exceeded the limit, indicating that the problem of exceeding the limit is relatively common. The first ratio of 66.7% indicates that, except for A1 and B3, the temperatures of the other four units are close to the upper limit, indicating a high potential risk of exceeding the limit. Both ratios are at a high level, indicating that the overall temperature of the adsorption zone is too high, and a significant cooling intervention using a cooler is required.

[0059] S300: Adjust the medium output of the corresponding cooler according to the first ratio and the second ratio until the temperature value of all adsorption units in the adsorption zone is less than or equal to the upper limit of the corresponding high temperature adsorption temperature range of the adsorption zone.

[0060] Specifically, when an over-limit unit exists in the first adsorption zone, the control system adjusts the cooling medium output of the first cooler 4 according to the first ratio and the second ratio of that adsorption zone; when an over-limit unit exists in the second adsorption zone, the control system adjusts the cooling medium output of the second cooler 5 according to the first ratio and the second ratio of that adsorption zone. After adjustment, the control system continuously acquires the temperature value of each adsorption unit and repeats the above judgment and adjustment process to form a closed-loop control, ensuring that the temperature in the adsorption zone remains within the high-efficiency adsorption temperature range. Taking the data shown in the table above as an example, under this condition, both the first ratio and the second ratio are approximately 66.7%, indicating an overall high temperature. Based on this, the control system significantly increases the medium output of the first cooler 4. After acquiring the temperature value again, the first ratio and the second ratio are recalculated. If an over-limit unit still exists, the adjustment continues until the temperature value of all adsorption units is no higher than 55℃. Through the above closed-loop control, safety hazards caused by temperature exceeding limits can be effectively prevented while ensuring adsorption efficiency.

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, step S300, which adjusts the medium output of the corresponding cooler according to the first ratio and the second ratio, specifically includes the following steps S310-S330: S310: Locating the adsorption zone and adsorption component 6 to which the over-limit unit belongs.

[0062] Specifically, in step S310, the control system first determines whether the adsorption zone in which the out-of-limit unit is located is a primary adsorption zone or a secondary adsorption zone, and the specific layer and horizontal position of the adsorption component 6, based on the out-of-limit unit identified in step S200. Different adsorption zones and layers correspond to different cooler configurations: the first cooler 4 is responsible for the initial cooling of the exhaust gas entering the housing 1, mainly affecting the temperature of the primary adsorption zone; the second cooler 5 is responsible for the secondary cooling of the exhaust gas after treatment in the primary adsorption zone, mainly affecting the temperature of the secondary adsorption zone. Therefore, accurately grasping the spatial distribution of the out-of-limit units is a prerequisite for selecting a reasonable cooler control strategy.

[0063] S320: When the second ratio of the corresponding adsorption zone is lower than the preset ratio threshold, the medium output of the cooler corresponding to the adsorption zone is kept constant. The shape memory alloy valve plate 9 of the adsorption component 6 where the overlimit unit is located adaptively throttles to suppress adsorption heat release and continuously monitors the first ratio of the adsorption zone.

[0064] Specifically, in step S320, when the second ratio is lower than the preset ratio threshold, it indicates that the proportion of units exceeding the temperature limit in the adsorption zone is still at a low level, with only a few adsorption units exceeding the temperature limit, while the temperatures of the remaining units are still within the high-efficiency adsorption temperature range, and the overall temperature distribution is still normal. At this time, there is no need to actively increase the medium output of the cooler for global intervention. Instead, the device itself utilizes its existing physical negative feedback mechanism for adaptive adjustment: when the temperature of the adsorption unit rises, heat is conducted to the shape memory alloy valve plate 9 via the temperature conduction element 8. The shape memory alloy valve plate 9 senses the temperature increase and deforms, reducing the opening of the exhaust gas inlet of the adsorption body 7, thereby reducing the amount of exhaust gas entering the adsorption unit. The adsorption load decreases accordingly, the heat released during adsorption decreases, and the temperature naturally drops. This adaptive adjustment process is entirely driven by the physical characteristics of the shape memory alloy valve plate 9, requiring no active intervention from the control system, resulting in a fast response speed and no external energy consumption. During this period, the control system continuously monitors the first ratio of the adsorption zone. If the first ratio decreases, it indicates that the overall temperature distribution is approaching normal. If the first ratio continues to rise, it means that although the number of units exceeding the limit is not large, the overall temperature has begun to shift towards the upper limit, and more units will soon enter the over-limit state. At this time, it is necessary to actively adjust the cooler to intervene.

[0065] S330: When the second ratio of the corresponding adsorption zone is higher than or equal to the preset ratio threshold, or the first ratio continues to rise to the preset warning threshold, the cooling adjustment weight is determined by combining the level of the adsorption component 6 where the over-limit unit is located and the temperature rise gradient of the waste gas between layers; if the over-limit units are concentrated in the first layer of the primary adsorption zone, the first cooler 4 is used to adjust the medium output; if the over-limit units are concentrated in the last layer of the primary adsorption zone and the secondary adsorption zone, the second cooler 5 is used as the main regulator and the medium output of the first cooler 4 is adjusted simultaneously.

[0066] Specifically, when the second ratio is higher than or equal to the preset ratio threshold, it indicates that the number of units exceeding the limit has reached a significant proportion. Relying solely on the adaptive adjustment of the shape memory alloy valve plate 9 is insufficient to restore all units to normal temperature, and active cooling must be achieved by increasing the medium output of the cooler. When the first ratio continues to rise to the preset warning threshold, it indicates that although the current number of units exceeding the limit is not large, the overall temperature is clearly trending towards the upper limit. If intervention is not timely, more units will exceed the limit in a short period of time. Therefore, it is also necessary to actively adjust the cooler for preventative cooling.

[0067] After determining that active adjustment of the cooler is required, the control system further determines which cooler should be primarily adjusted based on the layer position of the over-limit unit in the adsorption assembly 6. If the over-limit unit is concentrated in the first layer of the primary adsorption zone, since the first layer has the highest exhaust gas concentration and the largest heat release from adsorption, its temperature over-limit is mainly due to the intense heat release of the first layer adsorption bed itself. In this case, the first cooler 4 should be primarily adjusted to increase the medium output to reduce the initial temperature of the exhaust gas entering the housing 1, thereby weakening the heat release intensity of the first layer adsorption from the source. If the over-limit unit is concentrated in the last layer of the primary adsorption zone and the secondary adsorption zone, these layers are downstream of the exhaust gas flow path. The temperature of the exhaust gas entering these layers has already increased due to the heat release from upstream adsorption, and its temperature over-limit is mainly caused by the accumulation of temperature rise between layers. In this case, the second cooler 5 should be primarily adjusted to increase the medium output, while simultaneously fine-tuning the medium output of the first cooler 4. Through the synergistic effect of the two coolers, the temperature rise accumulation of the exhaust gas in the downstream layers should be reduced. The interlayer exhaust gas temperature rise gradient reflects the rate of temperature increase caused by heat release during adsorption as the exhaust gas flows through each adsorption layer. A larger gradient indicates a more severe temperature rise accumulation in the downstream layers due to heat release from the upstream layers, requiring the second cooler 5 to assume a greater regulatory weight. When excess units exist simultaneously in both the first and downstream layers of the primary adsorption zone, the weight allocation coefficient is determined based on the distribution ratio of excess units in each layer. The weight allocation coefficient for each layer is determined based on the proportion of excess units in that layer to the total number of excess units in the adsorption zone. The cooler's regulation weight is calculated by weighting the distribution ratio of excess units in the corresponding layer.

[0068] The following example serves as a supplementary verification. After determining that active cooling adjustment is needed, the control system needs to further determine which cooler should be the primary regulator and the weight distribution ratio between the two coolers. Assume that at a certain moment, there are over-limit units in the primary adsorption zone, and the second ratio is 50%, reaching the preset ratio threshold of 50%. The control system then determines that active cooling intervention is required. The control system further locates the specific position of the over-limit units and statistically analyzes their distribution across different levels. If the over-limit units are concentrated in the first-layer adsorption assembly, as shown in Table 2 below: Table 2

[0069] As shown in Table 2, the excessive units are concentrated in the first layer of the primary adsorption zone, i.e., the first layer, with an excessive rate of 100%. The reason for the excessive levels may be that the temperature of the exhaust gas entering the first cooler 4 is too high. When the exhaust gas passes through the first layer adsorption component, the shape memory alloy valve plate 9 of the first layer adsorption component has not had time to react, or even if the shape memory alloy valve plate 9 reacts, the already high temperature, coupled with the small amount of heat released by adsorption, still makes the temperature too high. In this case, the first cooler 4 should be the main source of increasing the medium output to reduce the initial temperature of the exhaust gas entering the housing 1, thereby weakening the adsorption heat release intensity of the first layer from the source. The first cooler 4 bears the main regulation weight, which can be set to bear 70% of the regulation weight, and the second cooler 5 bears 30% of the regulation weight, to assist in regulating the downstream temperature rise.

[0070] If the distribution of the over-limit units is as shown in Table 3 below: Table 3

[0071] As shown in Table 3, the excessive temperature units are concentrated in the second layer of the primary adsorption zone and the third layer of the secondary adsorption zone. These two layers are located in the middle and lower reaches of the exhaust gas flow path. The temperature of the exhaust gas entering these layers increases due to the heat released from upstream adsorption. The excessive temperature is mainly caused by the accumulation of temperature rise between layers, rather than abnormal heat release from adsorption within these layers themselves. Therefore, the secondary cooler 5 should be used to increase the medium output to perform secondary cooling of the exhaust gas treated in the primary adsorption zone, cutting off the source of downstream temperature rise accumulation. Simultaneously, the medium output of the primary cooler 4 should be fine-tuned to reduce the initial temperature of the exhaust gas entering the housing 1, thereby reducing the base of temperature rise accumulation from the upstream. In terms of weight allocation, the secondary cooler 5 bears 70% of the adjustment weight, and the primary cooler 4 bears 30% of the adjustment weight.

[0072] If the over-limit units are distributed in both the first and downstream layers of the primary adsorption zone, a weighted allocation method is adopted. Specifically, all over-limit units are divided into two groups: the first-layer group, i.e., the over-limit units in the first layer, corresponding to the main control of the first cooler 4; and the downstream group, i.e., the over-limit units in the second, third, and fourth layers, corresponding to the main control of the second cooler 5. The over-limit ratios of the two groups are calculated separately: the over-limit ratio of the first-layer group P1 = number of over-limit units in the first layer / 3, and the over-limit ratio of the downstream group P2 = (number of over-limit units in the second layer + number of over-limit units in the third layer + number of over-limit units in the fourth layer) / 9. The adjustment weight of the first cooler 4 = P1 / (P1 + P2), and the adjustment weight of the second cooler 5 = P2 / (P1 + P2).

[0073] For example, suppose the first layer has 1 out-of-limit unit, the third layer has 2 out-of-limit units, and the second and fourth layers have no out-of-limit units. Then the out-of-limit ratio of the first layer group is P1 = 1 / 3, and the out-of-limit ratio of the downstream group is P2 = (0 + 2 + 0) / 9 = 2 / 9. After normalizing the out-of-limit ratios of the two groups: the first cooler 4 bears (1 / 3) / (1 / 3 + 2 / 9) = 3 / 5 = 60% of the adjustment weight, and the second cooler 5 bears (2 / 9) / (1 / 3 + 2 / 9) = 2 / 5 = 40% of the adjustment weight.

[0074] Through the above-mentioned hierarchical positioning and weight allocation, the cooler adjustment strategy is precisely controlled, which avoids energy waste caused by blindly increasing the output of a single cooler, and also avoids poor temperature control effect caused by improper adjustment direction.

[0075] Example 3 Based on Example 2 above, this example provides another method for graded temperature-controlled adsorption using secondary activated carbon in explosive zones. The same content as Example 2 will not be repeated here; the difference lies in: The housing 1 is equipped with a waste gas concentration sensor corresponding to the waste gas outlet of each adsorption body 7.

[0076] In step S100, while obtaining the temperature value of each adsorption unit, the method also includes obtaining the concentration value at the exhaust gas outlet of each adsorption body 7.

[0077] In step S300, while adjusting the medium output of the corresponding cooler according to the first ratio and the second ratio, a saturation failure judgment step is also included, as detailed in steps S400-S600. It should be noted that the sequence numbers of steps S400-S600 are not limited to being after step S300, but are executed synchronously with step S300.

[0078] S400: Mark the adsorption unit whose exhaust gas concentration value in each adsorption component 6 is higher than the preset concentration threshold corresponding to the adsorption component as an abnormal unit.

[0079] Specifically, in step S400, each adsorption component 6 is provided with a preset concentration threshold, which can be pre-set based on historical operating data or emission standard requirements of that adsorption component. The control system compares the concentration value at the outlet of each adsorption unit within the same adsorption component 6 with the preset concentration threshold corresponding to that adsorption component 6, and marks adsorption units with concentration values ​​higher than the threshold as abnormal units. A concentration value higher than the preset concentration threshold indicates that the pollutant concentration in the exhaust gas at the outlet of that adsorption unit is abnormally high, and that the adsorption unit may no longer be able to adsorb pollutants in the exhaust gas normally, indicating a possible failure of the adsorption body 7 or exhaust gas bypass leakage.

[0080] S500: Obtain the temperature values ​​of all other adsorption units in the adsorption assembly containing the abnormal unit, excluding the abnormal unit, and sort them to determine the lowest temperature value among them.

[0081] Specifically, in step S500, when an abnormal unit exists within an adsorption assembly 6, the control system acquires the temperature values ​​of all other adsorption units within the adsorption assembly 6 except for the abnormal unit, sorts these temperature values, and determines the lowest temperature value. This lowest temperature value characterizes the temperature level of the normal adsorption unit within the adsorption assembly 6, excluding the abnormal unit. Since the temperature of normal adsorption units is usually maintained at a higher level due to heat release during adsorption, this lowest temperature value reflects the lower limit of the temperature of normally operating adsorption units within the adsorption assembly 6.

[0082] S600: When the temperature value of the abnormal unit is lower than the minimum temperature value and the ratio between the two is less than the set ratio, it is determined that the adsorption subject 7 corresponding to the abnormal unit is in a saturated failure state, and a replacement prompt signal carrying its adsorption zone, level and location number is generated.

[0083] Specifically, in step S600, if the temperature value of the abnormal unit is lower than the minimum temperature value, it indicates that the temperature of the abnormal unit is even lower than that of the normal adsorption unit with the lowest temperature in the adsorption component 6; at the same time, the ratio between the two is less than the set ratio, indicating that the temperature of the abnormal unit is significantly lower than the lower limit of the temperature of the normal adsorption unit, and the difference between the two is significant. This phenomenon of significantly lower temperature indicates that the adsorption body 7 of the abnormal unit no longer generates adsorption exothermics, that is, the adsorption material is completely saturated or deactivated, and has lost its adsorption capacity. Due to the low temperature, the corresponding shape memory alloy valve 9 will not close but will remain at a certain opening, and the exhaust gas can still pass through the adsorption body 7, but because it no longer has adsorption capacity, the outlet concentration exceeds the standard. Combining the two independent signals of excessive concentration and low temperature, it can be determined that the adsorption body 7 corresponding to the abnormal unit is in a saturated and ineffective state. At this time, the control system generates a replacement prompt signal carrying the adsorption zone, level and location number of the adsorption body 7. The operator can quickly locate the specific location where the adsorption material needs to be replaced according to the prompt signal, without having to check layer by layer.

[0084] The following example provides further verification. Assume an adsorption module 6 contains three adsorption units, denoted as C1, C2, and C3. The high-efficiency adsorption temperature range for this adsorption module 6 is 40℃ to 55℃, and the preset concentration threshold is 50ppm. The current outlet concentration and temperature values ​​of each adsorption unit are shown in Table 4 below: Table 4

[0085] As shown in Table 4, the outlet concentration of C2 is 78 ppm, which is higher than the preset concentration threshold of 50 ppm, and is marked as an abnormal unit. The temperature values ​​of other adsorption units C1 and C3 in the adsorption assembly 6, excluding C2, are obtained, which are 52℃ and 53℃ respectively. After sorting, the lowest temperature value is determined to be 52℃. The temperature value of C2 is 49℃, which is lower than the lowest temperature value of 52℃, and 49 / 52≈0.942, which is less than the set ratio of 0.95 (the set ratio in this embodiment is 0.95, which can be adjusted according to the actual working conditions), thus meeting the conditions of low temperature and ratio less than the set ratio. Combining the two independent signals of excessive C2 concentration and significantly low temperature, it is determined that the adsorption subject 7 corresponding to C2 is in a saturated and ineffective state. The control system generates a replacement prompt signal carrying the adsorption zone, level and location number of the adsorption subject 7. The operator can quickly locate the adsorption subject 7 according to the prompt signal and replace it.

[0086] If the temperature value of the abnormal unit is lower than the minimum temperature value but the ratio between the two is not less than the set ratio, it indicates that the temperature of the abnormal unit is not significantly lower and does not yet meet the saturation judgment condition; monitoring should continue. If the temperature value of the abnormal unit is not lower than the minimum temperature value, but the concentration value has exceeded the standard, it indicates that the abnormal unit may have a bypass leak rather than the adsorption unit 7 failing due to saturation. In this case, a maintenance prompt signal should be generated to remind the operator to check the sealing structure of the adsorption unit.

[0087] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. A two-stage activated carbon graded temperature-controlled adsorption device for use in explosive-prone areas, characterized in that, The enclosure includes a housing (1), with an air inlet pipe (2) at the top and an air outlet pipe (3) at the bottom. The air inlet pipe (2) is equipped with a first cooler (4) for cooling the exhaust gas. The housing (1) contains a primary adsorption zone and a secondary adsorption zone arranged vertically. A second cooler (5) is provided between the primary adsorption zone and the secondary adsorption zone for cooling the exhaust gas. The primary adsorption zone and the secondary adsorption zone each include a multi-layer adsorption assembly (6) arranged in a vertical direction. A closed waste gas mixing chamber is formed between two adjacent layers of adsorption assemblies (6). Each layer of adsorption assembly (6) includes multiple adsorption units. Each adsorption unit includes an adsorption body (7), a temperature conduction element (8), and a shape memory alloy valve plate (9). The temperature conduction element (8) is in contact with the adsorption body (7). The shape memory alloy valve plate (9) is located at the waste gas inlet of the adsorption body (7) and is in contact with the temperature conduction element (8). The shape memory alloy valve plate (9) deforms in response to the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature conduction element (8) to change the opening degree of the waste gas inlet of the adsorption body (7).

2. The staged activated carbon temperature-controlled adsorption device for explosive zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption component (6) further includes: Multiple mounting frames (10) are arranged along a first direction, which is a horizontal direction; two adjacent mounting frames (10) are connected by multiple heat-insulating connecting plates (11), which are arranged at intervals along a vertical direction; each mounting frame (10) corresponds to an adsorption body (7) and is cylindrical in shape, with an opening at one end for insertion of the adsorption body (7); A pair of support connecting frames (12) are fixedly installed on the mounting frame (10) at the edge position and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the box (1).

3. The staged activated carbon temperature-controlled adsorption device for explosive zones according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mounting frame (10) has multiple support sections (13) formed on its two sides and bottom. The multiple support sections (13) are arranged along a second direction, which is horizontal and perpendicular to the first direction. The bottom of each support section (13) is provided with multiple first through-holes (14) that communicate with the exhaust gas outlet of the adsorption body (7). A U-shaped embedding groove is formed between two adjacent support sections (13). Each embedding groove is provided with a temperature conducting element (8). The temperature conducting element (8) is a hollow U-shaped heat conducting tube filled with heat exchange fluid. The two ends of the temperature conducting element (8) extend to the top surface of the mounting frame (10). The top surface of the mounting frame (10) is provided with multiple pairs of second through ports (15) that are connected to the exhaust gas inlet of the adsorption body (7). Each pair of second through ports (15) is provided at both ends of the temperature conduction element (8). Each second through port (15) is provided with a memory alloy valve plate (9). One side of the memory alloy valve plate (9) is fixed to the inner wall of the second through port (15).

4. The staged activated carbon temperature-controlled adsorption device for explosive zones according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each of the exhaust gas mixing chambers is provided with a pair of support frames (16), the pair of support frames (16) are arranged along the first direction and are respectively located at both ends of the exhaust gas mixing chamber; the support frames (16) extend along the second direction and abut against the support connecting frames (12) in the two adjacent adsorption components (6) on the upper and lower sides respectively; the support frames (16) are made of thermally conductive material, the support frames (16) are hollow inside and connected at both ends to form a heat dissipation channel, and ventilation openings (17) are provided on the box body (1) at both ends corresponding to the support frames (16).

5. The staged activated carbon temperature-controlled adsorption device for explosive zones according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second cooler (5) has multiple exhaust gas cooling inlets (18) on the side near the first adsorption zone and at least one exhaust gas cooling outlet connected to each exhaust gas cooling inlet (18) on the side near the second adsorption zone. The second cooler (5) has a cooling medium channel inside, and the inlet and outlet of the cooling medium channel are respectively connected to a cooling inlet pipe (19) and a cooling outlet pipe (20). The cooling inlet pipe (19) and the cooling outlet pipe (20) pass through a pair of support frames (16) in the exhaust gas mixing chamber where the second cooler (5) is located.

6. The staged activated carbon temperature-controlled adsorption device for explosive zones according to claim 5, characterized in that, The adsorption device also includes an air inlet distribution pipe (21) and an exhaust collection hood (22) disposed in the housing (1). The air intake distribution pipe (21) is located above the first layer adsorption assembly (6) and includes multiple sealing covers (24) corresponding to multiple mounting frames (10). The sealing covers (24) are placed on the top surface of the corresponding mounting frame (10) and cover all the second through holes (15) thereon. The multiple sealing covers (24) are connected through the distribution main pipe (25), which is connected to the air intake pipe (2). The exhaust collection hood (22) is located below the last layer of adsorption assembly (6) and covers the bottom surface of the mounting frame (10). The exhaust collection hood (22) covers all the first through holes (14) on the last layer of adsorption assembly (6). The exhaust collection hood (22) is connected to the exhaust pipe (3).

7. The staged activated carbon temperature-controlled adsorption device for explosive zones according to claim 6, characterized in that, The side wall of the box (1) is provided with a third through-hole corresponding to the opening of each mounting frame (10); the adsorption body (7) includes a columnar housing (26), which contains adsorption material. One end of the housing (26) is used to insert the mounting frame (10), and the other end is provided with a limiting baffle (27) for abutting against the outer wall of the box (1). The limiting baffle (27) is provided with a handle (28); the top surface of the housing (26) is provided with multiple exhaust gas inlets and the bottom surface is provided with multiple exhaust gas outlets. Each exhaust gas inlet corresponds to a pair of second through-holes (15), and each exhaust gas outlet corresponds to all the first through-holes (14) on a support section (13).

8. A method for graded temperature-controlled adsorption using secondary activated carbon in explosive-prone areas, characterized in that, Based on the staged temperature-controlled adsorption device for secondary activated carbon in explosive zones as described in any one of claims 1-7, each of the adsorption units is respectively equipped with a temperature sensor; the method includes: Obtain the temperature value of each adsorption unit; Adsorption units with temperatures higher than the upper limit of the high-efficiency adsorption temperature range corresponding to their respective adsorption zones are considered as over-limit units. When it is determined that there are over-limit units in the adsorption zone, the total number of adsorption units in the adsorption zone whose temperature difference from the upper limit is less than a preset deviation threshold is counted. The first ratio of the total number to the total number of adsorption units in the adsorption zone is calculated, and the second ratio of the number of over-limit units in the adsorption zone to the total number of adsorption units in the adsorption zone is counted. Adjust the medium output of the corresponding cooler according to the first ratio and the second ratio until the temperature value of all adsorption units in the adsorption zone is less than or equal to the upper limit of the corresponding high temperature adsorption temperature range of the adsorption zone.

9. The method for graded temperature-controlled adsorption using secondary activated carbon in explosive zones according to claim 8, characterized in that, The step of adjusting the medium output of the corresponding cooler according to the first ratio and the second ratio includes: Locate the adsorption zone and adsorption component to which the over-limit unit belongs (6); When the second ratio of the corresponding adsorption zone is lower than the preset ratio threshold, the medium output of the cooler corresponding to the adsorption zone is kept constant. The shape memory alloy valve plate (9) of the adsorption component (6) where the overlimit unit is located adaptively throttles and suppresses adsorption heat release, and the first ratio of the adsorption zone is continuously monitored. When the second ratio of the corresponding adsorption zone is higher than or equal to the preset ratio threshold, or when the first ratio continues to rise to the preset warning threshold, the cooling adjustment weight is determined by combining the level of the adsorption component (6) where the overlimit unit is located and the temperature rise gradient of the waste gas between layers; if the overlimit unit is concentrated in the first layer of the first-level adsorption zone, the first cooler (4) is used to adjust the medium output; if the overlimit unit is concentrated in the last layer of the first-level adsorption zone and the second-level adsorption zone, the second cooler (5) is used as the main regulator and the medium output of the first cooler (4) is adjusted simultaneously.

10. The method for graded temperature-controlled adsorption using secondary activated carbon in explosive zones according to claim 9, characterized in that, The box (1) is equipped with a waste gas concentration sensor corresponding to the waste gas outlet of each adsorption body (7); In addition to obtaining the temperature values ​​of each of the adsorption units, the process also includes: Obtain the concentration value at the exhaust gas outlet of each of the adsorption bodies (7); The method of adjusting the medium output of the corresponding cooler according to the first ratio and the second ratio also includes: Adsorption units whose exhaust gas concentration value in each adsorption component (6) is higher than the preset concentration threshold corresponding to the adsorption component are marked as abnormal units; Obtain and sort the temperature values ​​of all other adsorption units in the adsorption assembly containing the abnormal unit, and determine the lowest temperature value among them. When the temperature value of the abnormal unit is lower than the minimum temperature value and the ratio between the two is less than the set ratio, it is determined that the adsorption subject (7) corresponding to the abnormal unit is in a saturated failure state, and a replacement prompt signal carrying its adsorption zone, level and location number is generated.

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