A multi-stage sorting system for incinerator bottom ash

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of slag sorting equipment, in particular to a multi-stage sorting system for incineration slag, which comprises a magnetic sorting device and a screening and collecting device, wherein the magnetic sorting device comprises a magnetic sorting bin and a magnetic sorting roller with magnetism, the magnetic sorting bin has a bottom wall with holes, the magnetic sorting roller is rotatably arranged near the bottom wall, the magnetic sorting roller comprises a roller body and a plurality of outward protruding protruding structures arranged along the circumference of the outer wall of the roller body, the protruding structures move through the holes on the bottom wall when the magnetic sorting roller rotates, a crushing gap is formed among the roller body, the protruding structures and the bottom wall, and the width of the crushing gap gradually decreases along the rotating direction of the magnetic sorting roller. The magnetic sorting bin with the hole-containing bottom wall cooperates with the magnetic sorting roller containing the protruding structures to simultaneously realize the two steps of crushing and magnetic sorting, thereby improving the sorting efficiency; meanwhile, the protruding structures play a role in cleaning the holes on the bottom wall when the magnetic sorting roller rotates, thereby effectively reducing the occurrence of blockage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slag sorting equipment technology, specifically a multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag. Background Technology

[0002] Incineration slag contains a certain proportion of ferromagnetic metals, which have recycling value. Currently, slag sorting systems typically integrate magnetic separation and screening functions. Magnetic separation devices often use smooth-surfaced magnetic rollers, divided circumferentially into magnetic and non-magnetic zones, separating ferromagnetic metals through magnetic adsorption; screening devices are used to classify the slag according to particle size. However, in actual processing, the following problems exist: some slag forms clumps during the incineration cooling process, with the metals encased in ash, making it difficult for the magnetic force of the magnetic rollers to penetrate the ash layer and adsorb the internal ferromagnetic metals, resulting in the inability to effectively recover these ferromagnetic metals. To solve this problem, the traditional approach is to install crushing equipment before magnetic separation to first crush the clumped slag, exposing the internal ferromagnetic metals, before feeding it into the magnetic separator. However, in this approach, crushing and magnetic separation are two independent steps, requiring material transfer and connection, resulting in low overall sorting efficiency. To address the above problems, this invention proposes a multi-stage sorting system for incineration slag. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag that can simultaneously perform the two steps of crushing and magnetic separation, thereby improving sorting efficiency.

[0004] This invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag includes a magnetic separator and a screening and collecting device. The magnetic separator includes a magnetic separator bin and a magnetic roller. The magnetic separator bin has a perforated bottom wall. The magnetic roller is rotatably positioned near the bottom wall. The magnetic roller includes a roller body and a plurality of outwardly protruding structures spaced circumferentially along the outer wall of the roller body. The protruding structures move through the holes in the bottom wall when the magnetic roller rotates. A crushing gap is formed between the roller body, the protruding structures, and the bottom wall. The width of the crushing gap gradually decreases along the rotation direction of the magnetic roller.

[0005] Optionally, the magnetic separator roller has a magnetic side on one side near the bottom wall and a demagnetizing side on the other side, and the protruding structure is magnetic on the magnetic side and loses its magnetism on the demagnetizing side.

[0006] Optionally, the protruding structure includes a fixed outer cylinder and a built-in magnetic component. The fixed outer cylinder is fixed to the roller body, and a movable channel is provided between the fixed outer cylinder and the roller body, which is arranged radially along the magnetic separator roller. The built-in magnetic component is movable along the movable channel.

[0007] Optionally, the movable channel has an inward end near the axis of the roller body and an outward end; the built-in magnetic component is driven to move by a drive structure, which includes a drive shaft and an elastic element. The drive shaft is arranged coaxially with the roller body at the inward end of the movable channel. The arc-shaped outer wall of the drive shaft is recessed near the demagnetization side of the magnetic separation roller. The built-in magnetic component abuts against the arc-shaped outer wall of the drive shaft through the elastic element.

[0008] Optionally, the built-in magnetic component and the arc-shaped outer wall of the drive shaft are in sliding or rolling contact.

[0009] Optionally, the built-in magnetic component is dynamically sealed to the inner wall of the movable channel. The gap between the end of the built-in magnetic component facing the axis of the roller and the inner wall of the movable channel is an air cavity. The air cavity is connected to an air nozzle, which is positioned facing the outer wall of the fixed outer cylinder.

[0010] Optionally, the multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag further includes a material conveying device, the end of which is located above the crushing gap.

[0011] Optionally, the material conveying device is a belt conveyor, and the protruding structure is provided with a cleaning brush that can slide in contact with the belt of the belt conveyor.

[0012] Optionally, the cleaning brush includes a resilient brush seat and bristles disposed on the brush seat, wherein the dimension of the brush seat in the width direction of the belt conveyor is larger than the dimension of the protruding structure.

[0013] Optionally, the screening and collecting device includes a first collecting trough corresponding to the magnetic side position of the magnetic separator and a second collecting trough corresponding to the demagnetizing side position of the magnetic separator, wherein a screening screen is disposed in the first collecting trough.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag, which has the following beneficial effects: This invention, by combining a magnetic separation chamber with a perforated bottom wall with a magnetic separation roller containing a convex structure, can simultaneously achieve the two steps of crushing and magnetic separation, thereby improving the sorting efficiency. At the same time, the convex structure moves through the holes in the bottom wall when the magnetic separation roller rotates, playing a cleaning role and effectively reducing the occurrence of blockage. The protruding structure provided in this invention not only enables the protruding structure to be magnetic on the magnetic side of the magnetic separator and lose its magnetism on the demagnetized side, but also allows the protruding structure to share the function of crushing slag with the magnetic separator and the bottom wall of the magnetic separator bin on the magnetic side. At this time, since the built-in magnetic component is located inside the fixed outer cylinder on the magnetic side of the magnetic separator, the compressive strength of the fixed outer cylinder is enhanced, making it less prone to deformation and damage, thereby ensuring the smooth flow of the moving channel and allowing the built-in magnetic component to move smoothly within the moving channel. This invention, by setting up air chambers and air nozzles that cooperate with the built-in magnetic components and the active channel, allows the built-in magnetic components to move towards the inward end of the active channel when they move to the recessed part of the arc-shaped outer wall of the drive shaft. This causes the air in the air chamber to be squeezed out of the air nozzle, and the airflow from the air nozzle blows towards the outer wall of the fixed outer cylinder. The airflow can help the fine ferromagnetic materials on the fixed outer cylinder fall off. The cleaning brush of the present invention includes an elastic brush base and bristles disposed on the brush base. On the one hand, when the protruding structure passes through the hole in the bottom wall of the magnetic separation chamber, the cleaning brush is squeezed and bent because its size is larger than the hole in the bottom wall of the magnetic separation chamber and it is elastic. Once the cleaning brush passes through the hole in the bottom wall of the magnetic separation chamber, it will recover its shape under the action of elasticity. During the recovery process, the cleaning brush will vibrate, shaking off the slag particles in the bristles, thus achieving the effect of self-cleaning. On the other hand, when the cleaning brush cleans the conveyor belt of the belt conveyor, multiple cleaning brushes arranged axially on the roller body of the magnetic separation roller can be arranged side by side to form a complete brush strip, which can increase the contact area with the conveyor belt of the belt conveyor and improve the cleaning effect. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the front sectional structure; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram at point A; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a structure with a cleaning brush installed on the fixed outer cylinder; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure for the cleaning brush to work with the belt of a belt conveyor; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled structure of the magnetic separator roller and the drive shaft.

[0016] In the diagram: 100, magnetic separator; 110, magnetic separator bin; 111, perforated bottom wall; 120, magnetic separator roller; 121, roller body; 122, protruding structure; 1220, fixed outer cylinder; 1221, built-in magnetic component; 1223, permanent magnet; 1224, ball bearing; 130, crushing gap; 140, moving channel; 141, air chamber; 151, drive shaft; 1510, recess; 152, elastic element; 160, piston head; 161, sealing ring; 162, air nozzle; 170, cleaning brush; 171, brush seat; 172, brush bristles; 200, screening and collecting device; 210, first collecting trough; 211, screening screen; 220, second collecting trough; 300, belt conveyor; 310, belt; 400, slag. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] As described in the background section, during magnetic separation of incinerator slag, some slag agglomerates during the cooling process, encapsulating the metal within the ash layer. The magnetic force of the magnetic separator rollers struggles to penetrate this layer and adsorb the internal ferromagnetic metals, preventing their effective recovery. To address this issue, the traditional approach involves installing a crushing device before magnetic separation to break up the agglomerated slag, exposing the internal ferromagnetic metals before feeding it into the magnetic separator. However, this method treats crushing and magnetic separation as two separate steps, requiring material transfer and resulting in low overall separation efficiency.

[0019] To address the problem in existing slag magnetic separation equipment where crushing and magnetic separation are two separate steps requiring material transfer and resulting in low overall separation efficiency. Example: Please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1 to 6According to an embodiment of the present invention, a multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag is provided, which can simultaneously realize the two steps of crushing and magnetic separation in one device, thereby improving the sorting efficiency of slag 400. The multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag 400 mainly includes a magnetic separation device 100 and a screening and collecting device 200. The magnetic separation device 100 includes a magnetic separation chamber 110 and a magnetic separation roller 120. The magnetic separation chamber 110 has a perforated bottom wall 111, which can be arc-shaped, and the holes on the bottom wall can extend along the length of the bottom wall. The magnetic separator 120 has an elongated hole and is rotatably positioned near the bottom wall. The magnetic separator 120 can be driven to rotate by a motor. The magnetic separator 120 includes a roller body 121 and a plurality of outwardly protruding protrusions 122 spaced circumferentially along the outer wall of the roller body 121. The protrusions 122 move through the hole in the bottom wall when the magnetic separator 120 rotates. A crushing gap 130 is formed between the roller body 121, the protrusions 122 and the bottom wall. The width of the crushing gap 130 gradually decreases along the rotation direction of the magnetic separator 120.

[0020] When using the above method, the slag 400 to be processed is placed in the magnetic separation chamber 110. The slag 400 is carried into the crushing gap 130 as the magnetic separation roller 120 rotates, and is crushed as the crushing gap 130 gradually narrows. Ferromagnetic substances in the slag 400 are adsorbed onto the magnetic separation roller 120 under magnetic force, while the remaining portion is discharged from the holes in the bottom wall of the magnetic separation chamber 110, thus simultaneously achieving the crushing and magnetic separation steps. At the same time, the protruding structure 122 moves through the holes in the bottom wall when the magnetic separation roller 120 rotates, playing a cleaning role and reducing the occurrence of blockages.

[0021] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the magnetic separator 120 has a magnetic side near the perforated bottom wall 111 and a demagnetizing side on the other side. The protruding structure 122 is magnetic on the magnetic side and loses its magnetism on the demagnetizing side. Figure 2 In the magnetic separator 120, the right side is the magnetic side and the left side is the demagnetizing side. This arrangement allows the protruding structure 122 to adsorb ferromagnetic substances in the slag 400 when passing the magnetic side of the magnetic separator 120, and to detach the adsorbed ferromagnetic substances when passing the demagnetizing side of the magnetic separator 120, thereby achieving the purpose of magnetic separation.

[0022] like Figure 3As shown, to achieve the goal of making the protruding structure 122 magnetic on the magnetic side and demagnetized on the demagnetized side, in some embodiments, the protruding structure 122 includes a fixed outer cylinder 1220 and a magnetic built-in magnetic element 1221. The built-in magnetic element 1221 can be made magnetic by providing a permanent magnet 1223 on it. The fixed outer cylinder 1220 is fixed to the roller body 121. In one embodiment, there can be multiple fixed outer cylinders 1220, which are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction of the roller body 121. Correspondingly, multiple holes are also provided on the bottom wall of the magnetic separation chamber 110. A movable channel 140 is provided between the fixed outer cylinder 1220 and the roller body 121, arranged radially along the magnetic separation roller 120. The built-in magnetic element 1221 is movable along the movable channel 140. It is understandable that the movable channel 140 actually includes two parts: the first part is the inner cavity of the fixed outer cylinder 1220, and the second part is the inner cavity of the roller body 121. These two parts are connected to form the movable channel 140. When the built-in magnetic component 1221 is in the first part, the outside of the fixed outer cylinder 1220 is magnetic. When the built-in magnetic component 1221 moves into the second part, the magnetism on the outside of the fixed outer cylinder 1220 disappears. The protruding structure 122 with the above-mentioned structure can not only achieve the purpose of the protruding structure 122 being magnetic on the magnetic side of the magnetic separation roller 120 and losing its magnetism on the demagnetizing side, but the protruding structure 122 also shares the function of crushing slag 400 with the magnetic side of the magnetic separation roller 120 and the bottom wall of the magnetic separation bin 110. At this time, since the built-in magnetic component 1221 is located inside the fixed outer cylinder 1220 when the magnetic separation roller 120 is magnetic, the compressive strength of the fixed outer cylinder 1220 is enhanced, making it less prone to deformation and damage, thereby ensuring the unobstructed flow of the movable channel 140 and allowing the built-in magnetic component 1221 to move smoothly within the movable channel 140.

[0023] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the end of the movable channel 140 near the axis of the roller body 121 is the inward end and the other end is the outward end. It can be understood that the inner cavity of the fixed outer cylinder 1220 can be regarded as the inward end and the inner cavity of the roller body 121 can be regarded as the outward end. The built-in magnetic component 1221 is driven to move by a drive structure, which includes a drive shaft 151 and an elastic element 152. The drive shaft 151 is arranged coaxially with the roller body 121 at the inward end of the movable channel 140. The roller body 121 can rotate relative to the drive shaft 151. The drive shaft 151 can be fixed on the magnetic separation chamber 110. The arc-shaped outer wall of the drive shaft 151 is recessed at the position near the demagnetization side of the magnetic separation roller 120 to form a recess 1510. The built-in magnetic component 1221 is pressed against the arc-shaped outer wall of the drive shaft 151 by the elastic element 152. The elastic element 152 can be a compression spring. With the above configuration, when the protruding structure 122 moves to the magnetic side of the magnetic separator 120, the arc-shaped outer wall of the drive shaft 151 inside the built-in magnetic component 1221 presses into the outward end of the movable channel 140, and the compression spring is compressed; when the protruding structure 122 moves to the demagnetizing side of the magnetic separator 120, due to the presence of the recess 1510, the built-in magnetic component 1221 moves towards the inward end of the movable channel 140 under the rebound action of the compression spring.

[0024] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the built-in magnetic element 1221 and the arcuate outer wall of the drive shaft 151 are in sliding contact or rolling contact. In one embodiment, a ball bearing 1224 that can rotate in any direction is embedded at the end of the built-in magnetic element 1221, and the built-in magnetic element 1221 drives the rolling contact between the arcuate outer wall of the drive shaft 151 through the ball bearing 1224.

[0025] In the above embodiments, even if the built-in magnetic component 1221 is removed from the inner cavity of the fixed outer cylinder 1220, the distance between them is relatively short, and the magnetism of the fixed outer cylinder 1220 generally will not completely disappear. In this case, smaller ferromagnetic materials may still be attracted to the fixed outer cylinder 1220 under magnetic influence, causing trouble for subsequent cleaning work. Therefore, as... Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, the built-in magnetic component 1221 is dynamically sealed to the inner wall of the movable channel 140. The gap between the end of the built-in magnetic component 1221 facing the axis of the roller body 121 and the inner wall of the movable channel 140 is an air cavity 141. To improve the sealing performance of the air cavity 141, a piston head 160 is provided on the outside of the end of the built-in magnetic component 1221 facing the axis of the roller body 121, and a sealing ring 161 is provided inside the movable channel 140. The air cavity 141 is connected to an air nozzle 162, which is positioned directly opposite the outer wall of the fixed outer cylinder 1220. With the above structure, when the built-in magnetic component 1221 moves to the recess 1510 of the arc-shaped outer wall of the drive shaft 151, the built-in magnetic component 1221 will move towards the inward end of the active channel 140, squeezing the air in the air chamber 141 out of the air nozzle 162. The airflow discharged from the air nozzle 162 blows towards the outer wall of the fixed outer cylinder 1220, and the airflow can assist the falling off of the small ferromagnetic materials on the fixed outer cylinder 1220.

[0026] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the incinerator slag 400 multi-stage sorting system also includes a material conveying device, the end of which is located above the crushing gap 130. The material conveying device can accurately transport the slag 400 to the magnetic separator 100, facilitating the magnetic separation process.

[0027] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the material conveying device is a belt conveyor 300. The drive shaft of the belt conveyor 300 and the magnetic separator 120 can be connected by a belt 310. A cleaning brush 170 is provided on the protruding structure 122, which can slide in contact with the belt 310 of the belt conveyor 300. With this configuration, when the belt conveyor 300 conveys slag 400 with high moisture content, slag 400 will adhere to its belt 310. At this time, the cleaning brush 170 on the protruding structure 122 can clean the slag 400 on the belt 310 of the belt conveyor 300. Since the cleaning brush 170 moves in the opposite direction to the belt 310 of the belt conveyor 300, the slag 400 can be cleaned off more effectively.

[0028] like Figure 6As shown, in some embodiments, the cleaning brush 170 includes a flexible brush seat 171 and bristles 172 disposed on the brush seat 171. The brush seat 171 can be fixed to the end of the fixed outer cylinder 1220 by screws. The two sides of the brush seat 171 can be bent. The dimension of the brush seat 171 in the width direction of the belt conveyor 300 is larger than the dimension of the protruding structure 122. With this configuration, on the one hand, when the protruding structure 122 passes through the hole in the bottom wall of the magnetic separation chamber 110, the cleaning brush 170 will be squeezed and bent because its size is larger than the hole in the bottom wall of the magnetic separation chamber 110 and it is elastic. Once the cleaning brush 170 passes through the hole in the bottom wall of the magnetic separation chamber 110, it will recover its shape under the action of elasticity. During the recovery process, the cleaning brush 170 will vibrate, shaking off the slag 400 particles in the brush bristles 172, thus achieving the effect of self-cleaning the cleaning brush 170. On the other hand, when the cleaning brush cleans the conveyor belt of the belt conveyor 300, the multiple cleaning brushes arranged axially on the roller body 121 of the magnetic separation roller 120 can be arranged side by side to form a complete brush strip, which can increase the contact area with the conveyor belt of the belt conveyor 300 and improve the cleaning effect.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the screening and collecting device 200 includes a first collecting trough 210 corresponding to the magnetic side of the magnetic separator 120 and a second collecting trough 220 corresponding to the demagnetizing side of the magnetic separator 120. A screening screen 211 is disposed in the first collecting trough 210. The first collecting trough 210 is used to collect the slag 400 particles that have been crushed and had their ferromagnetic substances removed. These slag 400 particles are further screened according to particle size by the screening screen 211 in the first collecting trough. The second collecting trough 220 is used to collect the ferromagnetic substances separated by the magnetic separator 120.

[0030] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag, characterized in that, The device includes a magnetic separator (100) and a screening and collecting device (200). The magnetic separator (100) includes a magnetic separator chamber (110) and a magnetic separator roller (120). The magnetic separator chamber (110) has a perforated bottom wall (111). The magnetic separator roller (120) is rotatably disposed near the bottom wall. The magnetic separator roller (120) includes a roller body (121) and a plurality of outwardly protruding protrusions (122) spaced circumferentially along the outer wall of the roller body (121). The protrusions (122) move through the holes in the bottom wall when the magnetic separator roller (120) rotates. A crushing gap (130) is formed between the roller body (121), the protrusions (122) and the bottom wall. The width of the crushing gap (130) gradually decreases along the rotation direction of the magnetic separator roller (120).

2. The multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic separator (120) has a magnetic side on one side near the bottom wall and a demagnetizing side on the other side. The protruding structure (122) is magnetic on the magnetic side and loses its magnetism on the demagnetizing side.

3. The multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag according to claim 2, characterized in that: The protruding structure (122) includes a fixed outer cylinder (1220) and a built-in magnetic component (1221) with magnetism. The fixed outer cylinder (1220) is fixed to the roller body (121). A movable channel (140) is provided between the fixed outer cylinder (1220) and the roller body (121) and arranged radially along the magnetic separation roller (120). The built-in magnetic component (1221) is movable along the movable channel (140).

4. The multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag according to claim 3, characterized in that: The movable channel (140) has an inward end near the axis of the roller body (121) and an outward end. The built-in magnetic component (1221) is driven to move by a drive structure, which includes a drive shaft (151) and an elastic element (152). The drive shaft (151) is arranged coaxially with the roller body (121) at the inward end of the movable channel (140). The arc-shaped outer wall of the drive shaft (151) is recessed (1510) at a position near the demagnetization side of the magnetic separation roller (120). The built-in magnetic component (1221) abuts against the arc-shaped outer wall of the drive shaft (151) through the elastic element (152).

5. The multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag according to claim 4, characterized in that: The built-in magnetic component (1221) and the arc-shaped outer wall of the drive shaft (151) are in sliding or rolling contact.

6. The multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that: The built-in magnetic component (1221) is dynamically sealed to the inner wall of the movable channel (140). The gap between the end of the built-in magnetic component (1221) facing the axis of the roller body (121) and the inner wall of the movable channel (140) is an air cavity (141). The air cavity (141) is connected to an air nozzle (162), which is positioned directly opposite the outer wall of the fixed outer cylinder (1220).

7. The multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a material conveying device, the end of which is located above the crushing gap (130).

8. The multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag according to claim 7, characterized in that: The material conveying device is a belt conveyor (300), and the protruding structure (122) is provided with a cleaning brush (170) that can slide in contact with the belt (310) of the belt conveyor (300).

9. The multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cleaning brush (170) includes a resilient brush seat (171) and bristles (172) disposed on the brush seat (171), wherein the dimension of the brush seat (171) in the width direction of the belt conveyor (300) is larger than the dimension of the protruding structure (122).

10. The multi-stage sorting system for incinerator slag according to claim 2, characterized in that: The screening and collecting device (200) includes a first collecting trough (210) corresponding to the magnetic side position of the magnetic separation roller (120) and a second collecting trough (220) corresponding to the demagnetizing side position of the magnetic separation roller (120). A screening screen (211) is provided in the first collecting trough (210).

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