A scrap aluminum pretreatment apparatus and method of use

Abstract

This application relates to the technical field of waste aluminum pretreatment equipment, specifically a waste aluminum pretreatment equipment and its usage method. Inside the crushing mechanism, a pair of opposing crushing rollers are rotatably installed below the feed inlet. Below the crushing rollers, two sets of rubbing mechanisms are symmetrically arranged. The relative working surfaces of the two sets of rubbing mechanisms enclose a V-shaped rubbing cavity that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The two sets of rubbing mechanisms can alternately reciprocate in the vertical direction, squeezing and rubbing the falling material to complete the dissociation of impurities. The bottom plate of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder's feeding trough has an array of pulse air holes. Below the bottom plate is a pulse air jet mechanism, which outputs an energy-storing pulse airflow into the feeding trough through the pulse air holes. A negative pressure adsorption unit is correspondingly arranged above the electromagnetic vibrating feeder to remove fine impurities blown off by the pulse airflow, solving the problem of insufficient dissociation of impurities from the aluminum matrix in existing dry pretreatment processes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of waste aluminum pretreatment equipment, specifically a waste aluminum pretreatment equipment and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Pretreatment of scrap aluminum is a key process before smelting recycled aluminum. Its function is to crush and reduce the volume of the mixed scrap aluminum raw materials and remove impurities to produce aluminum material that meets the grade requirements for entering the furnace. This determines the burn-off rate, slag volume and alloy composition stability of subsequent smelting processes.

[0003] Currently, the mainstream dry pretreatment process for scrap aluminum in the industry generally adopts a process route that combines crushing with eddy current separation. This type of process can achieve the initial separation of bulk aluminum materials from non-metallic impurities.

[0004] However, the intercalation and adhesion between the aluminum matrix and impurities are difficult to fully dissociate during the pretreatment stage, resulting in a large amount of impurities being carried along with the aluminum material during the subsequent sorting process. As a result, the process cannot effectively improve the purity of the aluminum material entering the furnace while ensuring high recovery rate and low cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] A waste aluminum pretreatment device includes a crushing mechanism, an electromagnetic vibrating feeder, and an eddy current separation mechanism;

[0006] The crushing mechanism is provided with a feed inlet at the top. Inside the crushing mechanism, a pair of crushing rollers rotating in opposite directions are rotatably installed below the feed inlet. Two sets of rubbing mechanisms are symmetrically arranged below the crushing rollers. The relative working surfaces of the two sets of rubbing mechanisms enclose a V-shaped rubbing cavity that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The two sets of rubbing mechanisms can move back and forth alternately in the vertical direction to squeeze and rub the falling material to complete the dissociation of impurities.

[0007] The feed end of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder receives the bottom discharge of the rubbing mechanism. The bottom plate of the feed trough of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder is provided with an array of pulse air holes. A pulse air jet mechanism is provided below the bottom plate. The pulse air jet mechanism outputs energy-storing pulse airflow into the feed trough through the pulse air holes. A negative pressure adsorption unit is provided above the electromagnetic vibrating feeder to remove fine impurities blown off by the pulse airflow.

[0008] The feed end of the eddy current separator receives the discharge from the electromagnetic vibrating feeder and is used to separate aluminum materials from non-metallic materials. A collection box is provided below the discharge end of the eddy current separator, and a partition is provided inside the collection box to separate and collect different types of materials.

[0009] Preferably, a transmission box is provided on the side of the crushing mechanism. The transmission box contains a crushing roller transmission assembly and a friction drive assembly. The roller shafts of the two crushing rollers extend into the transmission box and rotate synchronously through meshing crushing roller gears. A crushing motor is installed on the outside of the transmission box. The output shaft of the crushing motor is connected to a drive shaft. One end of the drive shaft is connected to the roller shaft of one of the crushing rollers. A drive sprocket is installed on the drive shaft. A driven sprocket is installed at the input end of the friction drive assembly. The drive sprocket and the driven sprocket are connected by a chain drive to achieve synchronous linkage between the crushing rollers and the friction mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, the friction drive assembly includes a sector gear and rack plates symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sector gear. Each friction mechanism includes a mounting base and a friction plate fixed inside the mounting base. The two rack plates are respectively fixedly connected to the side of the corresponding mounting base. Both the upper and lower ends of the rack plates are provided with elastic telescopic rods with return springs, and the ends of the elastic telescopic rods are connected to the housing of the crushing mechanism. When the sector gear rotates, it alternately meshes with the rack plates on both sides. With the return spring force of the elastic telescopic rods, it drives the two sets of friction plates to move alternately and reciprocally in the vertical direction.

[0011] Preferably, the pulse airflow injection mechanism includes an energy storage valve, a stepper motor, a fixed disk, and a rotating disk. The fixed disk is fixedly installed inside the housing of the energy storage valve, and the rotating disk rotates and fits against the end face of the fixed disk. Both the fixed disk and the rotating disk have corresponding and overlapping fan-shaped openings. The stepper motor is installed on the outside of the housing of the energy storage valve. Helical gears are installed on the output shaft of the stepper motor and the rotating shaft of the rotating disk. The two helical gears mesh perpendicularly with each other to drive the rotating disk to rotate circumferentially to periodically open or close the air passage.

[0012] Preferably, the inlet end of the energy storage valve is connected to an air supply pipe, and the air supply pipe is used to connect an external energy storage fan. A one-way valve is installed at the end of the air supply pipe near the energy storage valve, so that the airflow can only flow unidirectionally from the air source side to the inside of the energy storage valve. The valve body cavity between the one-way valve and the fixed plate forms a closed energy storage cavity, which is used to accumulate air pressure during the air path blocking stage. The outlet end of the energy storage valve is connected to an inlet pipe, which is used to output pulse airflow.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom plate of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder is sealed with an air collection chamber, which covers the area where the pulse air hole is located. The air outlet of the pulse air jet mechanism is connected to the air collection chamber through an air inlet pipe. After the pulse air is pressure-equalized in the air collection chamber, it is sprayed upward uniformly from the pulse air hole. A material drop port is provided on one side of the upper end of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder.

[0014] Preferably, the negative pressure adsorption unit includes an adsorption hood, an adsorption tube, a fine impurity collection box, and a negative pressure fan. The adsorption hood is positioned above the feeding trough of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder. The air outlet of the adsorption hood is connected to the fine impurity collection box through the adsorption tube. The negative pressure fan is installed on the side of the fine impurity collection box to create a micro-negative pressure environment inside the adsorption hood.

[0015] Preferably, the eddy current sorting mechanism includes two side fixed plates, a driving roller, a driven roller, a steering roller, a conveyor belt, a magnetic roller, a magnetic roller motor, and a conveyor motor. The driving roller, driven roller, and steering roller are all rotatably mounted between the two side fixed plates. The conveyor belt is sleeved on the outside of the driving roller, driven roller, and steering roller. The magnetic roller is built into the upper part of the inner cavity of the driven roller and close to the conveyor belt. The end of the driven roller is rotatably supported on the side fixed plate through a sleeve. The conveyor motor is mounted on the outside of the side fixed plate and is drivenly connected to the driving roller to drive the conveyor belt to rotate cyclically. The magnetic roller motor is mounted on the outer end of the sleeve, and its output shaft is drivenly connected to the magnetic roller to drive the magnetic roller to rotate independently at high speed.

[0016] Preferably, an inclined feeding plate is provided below the discharge end of the eddy current separation mechanism, and the two sides of the feeding plate are fixedly connected to the side fixing plate. A collection box is provided below the feeding plate, and the interior is divided into a metal material collection chamber and a non-metal material collection chamber by the partition.

[0017] A method for using a waste aluminum pretreatment device includes the following steps:

[0018] Step 1, Crushing and Frictioning: Waste aluminum raw materials are fed into the crushing mechanism from the feed inlet. After being sheared and crushed by the crushing rollers rotating in opposite directions, they fall into the V-shaped rubbing chamber formed by two sets of rubbing mechanisms. The two sets of rubbing mechanisms, which move alternately, continuously squeeze and rub the material, so that the impurities embedded and adhered to the aluminum matrix can be separated from the aluminum matrix.

[0019] Step 2, Pulse airflow desorption: The dissociated material falls through the discharge port to the electromagnetic vibrating feeder, where it continues to tumble and be conveyed forward under the action of vibration. The pulse airflow jet mechanism outputs an energy-storing pulse airflow that penetrates the material layer from bottom to top, flushing off the fine impurities adhering to the surface and gaps of the aluminum particles. The fine impurities are collected and removed by the negative pressure airflow generated by the negative pressure adsorption unit above.

[0020] Step 3, Eddy Current Separation: The desorbed material is fed into the eddy current separation mechanism at a constant speed. The eddy current repulsion effect is used to separate the aluminum material from the non-metallic material. After being guided by the feed plate, the two types of materials fall into the corresponding chambers of the collection box, completing the pre-treatment collection.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. This invention upgrades the traditional crushing process, which only reduces particle size, to simultaneously control particle size and dissociate individual particles by adding an alternating reciprocating V-shaped rubbing mechanism after the crushing process. This breaks the mechanical interlocking and coating relationship between embedded impurities and the aluminum matrix from the source, reducing the proportion of composite particles such as aluminum strip plastic and aluminum strip iron, and reducing the problem of hard impurities carried by the conductive properties of composite particles during subsequent eddy current separation. At the same time, the rubbing mechanism and the crushing roller share the same drive source and operate in linkage, without the need for additional power units. The equipment structure is simple and reliable, and the rubbing action is mainly based on extrusion and kneading, resulting in a low over-crushing rate of materials and effectively controlling the amount of fine aluminum powder generated.

[0023] 2. The pre-desorption structure, which couples electromagnetic vibration feeding with energy-storing pulsed airflow, utilizes the discrete state of the material's continuous tumbling during vibration conveying. Combined with the pulsed airflow that bursts out instantaneously after pressure storage, it can effectively remove adhesive impurities embedded in the concave sections, corner gaps, and surface wrinkles of aluminum particles. The negative pressure adsorption unit above collects the removed fine impurities in a timely manner, preventing them from falling back and adhering again. This solves the problems of traditional accumulated airflow separation, which cannot reach the gaps between particles and has a low removal rate of adhesive impurities. At the same time, the pulsed airflow can spread the material into a uniform layer, creating optimal feeding conditions for subsequent eddy current separation, further improving the separation accuracy and stability. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a top view;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a bottom view;

[0027] Figure 4 This is an internal sectional view;

[0028] Figure 5 A 3D diagram showing the coordinated operation of the crushing roller and the rubbing mechanism.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission structure of the rubbing mechanism;

[0030] Figure 7 A 3D view of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder and the air separator;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a side view of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder and the air separator.

[0032] Figure 9 A 3D view of the energy storage valve;

[0033] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the inside of the accumulator valve;

[0034] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection and closed state between the fixed disk and the rotating disk.

[0035] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the eddy current sorting mechanism.

[0036] In the picture:

[0037] 1. Crushing mechanism; 11. Feed inlet; 12. Crushing roller; 13. Friction mechanism; 131. Mounting base; 132. Friction plate; 2. Transmission box; 21. Crushing motor; 22. Crushing roller gear; 23. Drive shaft; 24. Drive sprocket; 25. Driven sprocket; 26. Chain; 27. Rack plate; 28. Elastic telescopic rod; 29. ​​Sector gear; 3. Electromagnetic vibrating feeder; 31. Discharge port; 32. Base plate; 33. Pulse air hole; 4. Air separation mechanism; 41. Adsorption hood; 42. Adsorption tube; 43. Fine impurity collection box; 44. Negative 45. Air compressor; 451. Pulse air jet mechanism; 452. Energy storage valve; 453. Air delivery pipe; 454. Air inlet pipe; 455. Stepper motor; 456. Fixed plate; 457. Rotary plate; 458. Fan-shaped opening; 459. Helical gear; 46. One-way valve; 5. Air collection chamber; 6. Side fixed plate; 6. Eddy current sorting mechanism; 61. Driving roller; 62. Driven roller; 63. Steering roller; 64. Magnetic roller; 65. Conveyor belt; 66. Sleeve; 67. Magnetic roller motor; 68. Conveyor motor; 7. Feed plate; 8. Collection box; 81. Partition plate. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The application principle of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] like Figure 1-12 As shown, a waste aluminum pretreatment device includes a crushing mechanism 1, a transmission box 2, an electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3, an air separation mechanism 4, a side fixing plate 5, an eddy current separation mechanism 6, a feeding plate 7, and a collection box 8.

[0041] The crushing mechanism 1 is a vertical shell structure with a feed inlet 11 at the top. Inside the shell, two crushing rollers 12 rotating in opposite directions are symmetrically mounted below the feed inlet 11. Below the crushing rollers 12, two sets of rubbing mechanisms 13 are symmetrically arranged. Each set of rubbing mechanisms 13 includes a mounting base 131 and a rubbing plate 132. The rubbing plate 132 is fixedly mounted on the inner working surface of the mounting base 131. The two sets of rubbing plates 132 are arranged at an incline to form a V-shaped rubbing cavity that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The bottom of the V-shaped rubbing cavity is reserved with a discharge gap for material to fall. The outer side of the mounting base 131 is connected to the transmission mechanism, which can drive the rubbing plate 132 to reciprocate in the vertical direction.

[0042] Waste aluminum falls from the top feed inlet 11 between two crushing rollers 12. The crushing rollers 12, which rotate in opposite directions, break down large pieces of waste aluminum into small and medium-sized particles through shearing action, completing the primary crushing and disconnecting the impurities from the aluminum matrix. The crushed material falls into the V-shaped rubbing chamber by its own weight. Under the alternating squeezing and kneading action of the two sets of rubbing plates 132, continuous relative friction and collision occur between the particles and between the particles and the rubbing plates 132. By utilizing the difference in toughness and hardness between the aluminum matrix and the embedded impurities, the impurities that were originally embedded and coated on the aluminum matrix are separated from the aluminum matrix, realizing the dissociation of individual particles and reducing the proportion of composite particles. The dissociated material falls from the discharge gap at the bottom of the V-shaped rubbing chamber by its own weight.

[0043] The transmission box 2 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the side housing of the crushing mechanism 1. Inside the transmission box 2 are two sets of transmission mechanisms, one upper and one lower, respectively driving the crushing roller 12 and the friction mechanism 13. A crushing motor 21 is installed on the upper outer side of the transmission box 2. The output shaft of the crushing motor 21 extends into the transmission box 2 and is connected to a drive shaft 23. The drive shaft 23 is coaxially fixedly connected to the roller shaft of one of the crushing rollers 12. Meshing roller gears 22 are installed at the ends of the roller shafts of both crushing rollers 12 that extend into the transmission box 2, enabling synchronous rotation of the two crushing rollers 12. A drive sprocket 24 is also fixedly installed on the drive shaft 23. A sector gear 29 is rotatably installed at the lower part of the transmission box 2. A driven sprocket 25 is installed at one end of the axle of the sector gear 29. The driving sprocket 24 and the driven sprocket 25 are connected by a chain 26 to achieve synchronous linkage between the crushing roller 12 and the sector gear 29. Two vertically arranged rack plates 27 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the sector gear 29. The inner sides of the two rack plates 27 are fixedly connected to the sides of the corresponding mounting bases 131. Each rack plate 27 has an elastic telescopic rod 28 connected to its upper and lower ends. A support spring is sleeved on the body of the elastic telescopic rod 28. The other end of the elastic telescopic rod 28 is fixedly connected to the housing of the crushing mechanism 1, providing elastic support and restoring force for the rack plate 27 and the rubbing mechanism 13. Only a portion of the outer arc of the sector gear 29 has teeth, which can alternately mesh with the rack plates 27 on both sides during rotation.

[0044] The crushing motor 21 outputs power to drive the drive shaft 23 to rotate. On one hand, the meshing crushing roller gear 22 drives the two crushing rollers 12 to rotate synchronously in opposite directions, outputting shearing crushing force. On the other hand, through the transmission of the driving sprocket 24, chain 26 and driven sprocket 25, the power is synchronously transmitted to the sector gear 29, realizing single-power linkage of crushing and rubbing processes. When the sector gear 29 rotates, its toothed section first meshes with the rack plate 27 on one side, pushing the rack plate 27 on that side to move downward and compress the elastic telescopic rod 28 on the corresponding side, driving the corresponding side rubbing... The rubbing plates 132 move downwards synchronously; when the sector gear 29 rotates away from the rack plate 27 on that side, the meshing relationship is released, and the rack plate 27 on that side quickly springs back to its original position under the restoring force of the elastic telescopic rod 28; at this time, the toothed section of the sector gear 29 rotates into mesh with the rack plate 27 on the other side, pushing the rack plate 27 on the other side to move downwards, and so on, to realize the alternating reciprocating motion of the two sets of rubbing plates 132 in the vertical direction, continuously applying alternating squeezing and kneading force to the material in the cavity, and completing the impurity monomer separation operation without adding an additional power unit.

[0045] The electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3 is positioned below the crushing mechanism 1. Its feed end is provided with a discharge port 31 to receive the material falling from the crushing mechanism. The bottom plate 32 of the feeding trough of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3 is provided with pulse air holes 33 arranged in a rectangular array. An air collection chamber 46 is sealed and connected below the bottom plate 32, and the air collection chamber 46 covers the distribution area of ​​the pulse air holes 33.

[0046] The air inlet of the air collection chamber 46 is connected to a pulse airflow injection mechanism 45. The pulse airflow injection mechanism 45 is a component of the air separation mechanism 4 and includes an energy storage valve 451, an air supply pipe 453, an air inlet pipe 452, a stepper motor 454, a fixed plate 455, a rotating plate 456, a fan-shaped opening 457, a helical gear 458, and a one-way valve 459. The air inlet of the energy storage valve 451 is connected to an energy storage fan via the air supply pipe 452. A one-way valve 459 is installed at the end of the air supply pipe 452 near the energy storage valve 451, allowing airflow to flow unidirectionally from the fan side into the energy storage valve 451. A fixed plate 455 is fixedly installed inside the energy storage valve 451. The end face of the fixed disk 455 is rotatably attached to the rotating disk 456. Both the fixed disk 455 and the rotating disk 456 have corresponding fan-shaped openings 457. The stepper motor 454 is fixedly installed on the outside of the housing of the energy storage valve 451. The output shaft of the stepper motor 454 extends into the inside of the energy storage valve 451. Both the output shaft of the stepper motor 454 and the rotating shaft of the rotating disk 456 are equipped with helical gears 458. The two helical gears 458 mesh perpendicularly with each other. The stepper motor 454 can drive the rotating disk 456 to rotate circumferentially through the helical gears 458. The air outlet of the energy storage valve 451 is connected to the air collection chamber 46 through the air inlet pipe 453.

[0047] After separation, the material falls from the discharge port 31 into the feeding trough of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3. The electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3 generates high-frequency directional vibration, which drives the material to jump forward along the trough. At the same time, the material is continuously rolled and loosened, so that the surfaces of the particles are alternately exposed. The low-pressure airflow output by the energy storage fan is continuously sent into the energy storage valve 451 through the air supply pipe 452 and the one-way valve 459. The stepper motor 454 drives the rotating disk 456 to rotate at a constant speed. When the solid part of the rotating disk 456 is aligned with the fan-shaped opening 457 of the fixed disk 455, the air path is completely blocked. The one-way valve 459 prevents the high-pressure airflow from flowing back to the fan. The valve body cavity between the one-way valve 459 and the fixed disk 455 forms a closed energy storage cavity. The air pressure continues to rise to complete the pressure storage.

[0048] When the rotating disk 456 rotates until its fan-shaped opening 457 completely overlaps with the fan-shaped opening 457 of the fixed disk 455, the air passage is instantly opened, and the high-pressure airflow in the energy storage chamber is instantly ejected. After entering the air collection chamber 46 through the air inlet pipe 453 and being evenly pressurized, it is ejected upward at high speed from the pulse air hole 33 of the bottom plate 32, forming a high-intensity impact pulse airflow. After penetrating the material layer, it directly impacts the surface of the aluminum particles, loosening and removing dust, plastic debris, paint film debris and other adhering impurities embedded in the cross-sectional depressions, corner gaps and surface wrinkles of the aluminum particles. At the same time, it disperses and spreads the accumulated material layer into a uniform single-layer material curtain, creating feeding conditions for subsequent eddy current separation.

[0049] The air separation mechanism 4 also includes a negative pressure adsorption unit, which consists of an adsorption hood 41, an adsorption tube 42, a fine impurity collection box 43, and a negative pressure fan 44. The adsorption hood 41 is positioned directly above the feeding trough of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3. The top air outlet of the adsorption hood 41 is connected to the interior of the fine impurity collection box 43 through the adsorption tube 42. The negative pressure fan 44 is installed on the side of the fine impurity collection box 43, which can create a stable micro-negative pressure environment between the fine impurity collection box 43 and the interior of the adsorption hood 41.

[0050] The negative pressure fan 44 continuously draws air to maintain a stable micro-negative pressure inside the adsorption hood 41. Loose fine impurities, dust, and light debris blown off by the pulsed airflow enter the adsorption hood 41 with the rising airflow, and are then transported to the fine impurity collection box 43 for centralized collection through the adsorption pipe 42. This prevents the desorbed impurities from falling back and adhering to the surface of the aluminum particles. Since the pulsed airflow is an instantaneous impact rather than a continuous upward lift, the density and weight of the aluminum particles are much greater than those of the fine impurities. They are only transported forward with the vibration and will not be carried into the collection box by the negative pressure airflow, which can effectively control the loss of fine aluminum.

[0051] Two side fixing plates 5 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lower end of the crushing mechanism 1. The electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3 and the eddy current separator 6 are both fixedly installed through the side fixing plates 5. The eddy current separator 6 includes a drive roller 61, a driven roller 62, a guide roller 63, a magnetic roller 64, a conveyor belt 65, a sleeve 66, a magnetic roller motor 67, and a conveyor motor 68. The two ends of the drive roller 61, the driven roller 62, and the guide roller 63 are rotatably connected between the two side fixing plates 5. The conveyor belt 65 is sleeved on the outside of the drive roller 61, the driven roller 62, and the guide roller 63 to form a closed-loop belt conveyor structure. The magnetic roller 64 is built into the upper part of the driven roller 62. The inner cavity of the conveyor belt 65 is formed, and the outer wall of the magnetic roller 64 is close to the inner wall of the conveyor belt 65. The end of the driven roller 62 is rotatably supported on the side fixing plate 5 through the sleeve 66. The sleeve 66 is fixedly connected to the side fixing plate 5, and the driven roller 62 can rotate freely around the outer wall of the sleeve 66. The magnetic roller motor 67 is fixedly installed at one end of the sleeve 66 located outside the side fixing plate 5. The output shaft of the magnetic roller motor 67 extends into the inside of the sleeve 66 and is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the magnetic roller 64, driving the magnetic roller 64 to rotate independently at high speed. The conveyor motor 68 is fixedly installed on the outside of the side fixing plate 5, and its output shaft is connected to the roller shaft of the drive roller 61 to drive the conveyor belt 65 to rotate in a cycle.

[0052] The conveyor motor 68 drives the drive roller 61 to rotate, and with the support and guidance of the driven roller 62 and the guide roller 63, drives the conveyor belt 65 to rotate at a constant speed. This smoothly transports the single-layer clean material output from the electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3 to the sorting area at the end of the driven roller 62. The magnetic roller motor 67 independently drives the magnetic roller 64 to rotate at high speed, generating a high-frequency alternating magnetic field. When the aluminum material on the surface of the conveyor belt 65 moves to the area of ​​the magnetic roller 64, eddy currents are induced inside the aluminum particles, generating a reverse magnetic field. Under the repulsive force of the inherent magnetic field of the magnetic roller 64, the aluminum material gains forward projectile force and flies forward along a parabolic trajectory. The non-metallic material, which is not conductive, is not affected by the eddy current repulsive force and simply falls naturally by gravity after moving to the end of the driven roller 62 with the conveyor belt 65, thereby achieving efficient separation of aluminum material and non-metallic material.

[0053] An inclined feeding plate 7 is provided below the discharge end of the eddy current separation mechanism 6. The two sides of the feeding plate 7 are fixedly connected to the side fixing plate 5. A collection box 8 is provided below the feeding plate 7. A partition 81 is vertically arranged inside the collection box 8. The partition 81 divides the inside of the collection box 8 into an independent metal material collection chamber and a non-metal material collection chamber.

[0054] After being separated by eddy current separation, the two types of materials fall along different trajectories. The aluminum material, propelled by the repulsive force of the eddy current, falls a farther distance, passing over the partition 81 and falling into the metal material collection chamber near the front. The non-metallic material, falling naturally by gravity, falls a shorter distance and falls into the non-metallic material collection chamber behind the partition 81. The feeding plate 7 acts as a buffer and guide for the high-speed falling material, preventing material from splashing and bouncing into adjacent chambers and causing cross-contamination. The partition 81 stably separates and collects the two types of materials, ultimately obtaining the pre-treated finished aluminum material and the sorted tailings, completing the pre-treatment operation.

[0055] Example 2:

[0056] This embodiment uses scrap aluminum profiles with thermal break as the raw material. The raw material contains nylon thermal insulation strips, rubber sealing strips, surface paint film, and a small amount of dust impurities. Dry pretreatment is carried out using scrap aluminum pretreatment equipment. The method includes the following steps:

[0057] Step 1, Crushing and Friction Separation Process: The waste aluminum raw material to be processed is fed into the feed port 11 at the top of the vertical crushing mechanism 1 at a uniform speed. The crushing motor 21 is started, and the power is output through the drive shaft 23. On the one hand, the two crushing rollers 12 are driven to rotate synchronously in opposite directions at a speed of 120r / min through the meshing crushing roller gear 22, which applies shearing force to the falling large pieces of thermally broken aluminum profiles and crushes the raw material into particles with a maximum particle size of no more than 40mm, initially separating the aluminum matrix from impurities such as heat insulation strips and sealing strips. On the other hand, the power is transmitted synchronously to the sector gear 29 through the drive sprocket 24, chain 26 and driven sprocket 25, which drives the sector gear 29 to rotate continuously at a speed of 60r / min.

[0058] During rotation, the sector gear 29 alternately meshes with the rack plates 27 on both sides. With the reset force of the elastic telescopic rod 28, it drives the two sets of mounting seats 131 and the rubbing plates 132 to perform alternating reciprocating motion in the vertical direction at a frequency of 60 times / minute. The material after primary crushing falls into the V-shaped rubbing chamber formed by the two sets of rubbing plates 132 under its own weight. Under the alternating squeezing and kneading action of the two rubbing plates 132, continuous relative friction is generated between particles and between particles and the working surface of the rubbing plates 132. Utilizing the differences in toughness and hardness between aluminum and nylon, rubber, and paint film, the nylon heat insulation strip, rubber sealing strip, and the paint film layer covering the surface embedded in the aluminum profile groove are fully separated from the aluminum substrate, achieving individual separation. The discharge gap at the bottom of the V-shaped rubbing chamber is set to 35mm. The fully separated material falls into the next process through the bottom gap by its own weight and enters the discharge port 31.

[0059] Step 2, Pulse airflow desorption and homogenization process: The dissociated mixture falls into the feeding trough of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3 through the discharge port 31. The electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3 is started and the amplitude is set to 1.5mm. The material is conveyed forward in a jumping manner along the trough under the action of high frequency directional vibration. The conveying speed is controlled at 0.6m / s. During the conveying process, the material continues to roll and loosen, and the surfaces of the particles are alternately exposed.

[0060] The energy storage fan and pulse airflow injection mechanism 45 are activated simultaneously. The low-pressure airflow output by the energy storage fan is continuously fed into the energy storage valve 451 through the air supply pipe 453 and the one-way valve 459. The stepper motor 454 drives the rotating disk 456 to rotate at a constant speed through a pair of meshing helical gears 458, so that the fixed disk 455 and the fan-shaped opening 457 on the rotating disk 456 periodically overlap and offset. With the shut-off action of the one-way valve 459, a pulse airflow that stores pressure and bursts out instantaneously is formed in the valve body. The pulse is set. With a frequency of 8Hz and a peak wind pressure of 1500Pa in the energy storage chamber, the high-pressure pulsed airflow enters the air collection chamber 46 through the air inlet pipe 452 and is then uniformly pressurized. It is then ejected upward at high speed from the pulse air holes 33 arranged in a rectangular array on the bottom plate 32, penetrating the material layer from bottom to top and instantly impacting the surface of the aluminum particles. This loosens and removes adhering impurities such as dust, plastic debris, and paint film debris embedded in the cross-sectional depressions, corner gaps, and surface wrinkles of the aluminum particles. At the same time, the pulsed airflow disperses and thins the accumulated material layer, forming a single-layer material curtain of uniform thickness.

[0061] The negative pressure fan 44 is started simultaneously to maintain a micro negative pressure environment of -80Pa inside the adsorption hood 41. The loose and fine impurities blown off by the pulse airflow enter the adsorption hood 41 with the rising airflow and are transported to the fine impurity collection box 43 for centralized collection through the adsorption pipe 42, so as to avoid the impurities after desorption falling back and adhering. Because of their large weight, the aluminum particles are only transported forward with the vibration and will not be carried by the negative pressure airflow.

[0062] Step 3, Eddy Current Separation and Collection Process: The single-layer clean material after desorption and homogenization treatment falls uniformly from the discharge end of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder 3 onto the conveyor belt 65 of the eddy current separator 6. The conveyor motor 68 is started, driving the active roller 61 to rotate. With the guidance and support of the driven roller 62 and the steering roller 63, the conveyor belt 65 is driven to circulate uniformly at a linear speed of 0.8 m / s, smoothly conveying the material to the separation area at the end of the driven roller 62.

[0063] The magnetic roller motor 67 is started, driving the magnetic roller 64 to rotate independently at a high speed of 3000 r / min, generating a high-frequency alternating magnetic field. When the material on the surface of the conveyor belt 65 moves to the corresponding area of ​​the magnetic roller 64, eddy currents are induced inside the aluminum particles and a reverse magnetic field is generated. Under the action of the magnetic field repulsion, the particles gain forward projection force and are thrown forward along a parabolic trajectory. Non-metallic materials such as nylon, rubber, and dust are not conductive and are not affected by the eddy current repulsion. They move with the conveyor belt 65 to the end of the driven roller 62 and then fall naturally by gravity.

[0064] During the falling process, the two types of materials are buffered and guided by the inclined feeding plate 7 and fall into the corresponding chambers of the collection box 8 below: the aluminum material with a longer throwing distance passes over the partition 81 and falls into the metal material collection chamber on the front side; the non-metallic material that falls naturally falls into the non-metallic material collection chamber on the back side of the partition 81, thus completing the dry pretreatment of waste aluminum throughout the entire process.

Claims

1. A waste aluminum pretreatment device, characterized in that: It includes a crushing mechanism (1), an electromagnetic vibrating feeder (3), and an eddy current separation mechanism (6). The crushing mechanism (1) is provided with a feed inlet (11) at the top. Inside the crushing mechanism (1), a pair of crushing rollers (12) rotating in opposite directions are rotatably installed below the feed inlet (11). Two sets of rubbing mechanisms (13) are symmetrically arranged below the crushing rollers (12). The relative working surfaces of the two sets of rubbing mechanisms (13) enclose a V-shaped rubbing cavity that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The two sets of rubbing mechanisms (13) can alternately reciprocate in the vertical direction. The feed end of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder (3) receives the bottom discharge of the rubbing mechanism (13). The bottom plate (32) of the feeding trough of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder (3) is provided with an array of pulse air holes (33). A pulse air jet mechanism (45) is provided below the bottom plate (32). The pulse air jet mechanism (45) outputs energy storage pulse air into the feeding trough through the pulse air holes (33). A negative pressure adsorption unit is provided above the electromagnetic vibrating feeder (3). The feed end of the eddy current separator (6) receives the discharge from the electromagnetic vibrating feeder (3) and is used to separate aluminum materials from non-metallic materials.

2. The waste aluminum pretreatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side of the crushing mechanism (1) is provided with a transmission box (2). The transmission box (2) is provided with a crushing roller transmission assembly and a rubbing drive assembly. The roller shafts of the two crushing rollers (12) extend into the transmission box (2) and complete synchronous rotation through the meshing crushing roller gears (22). The outside of the transmission box (2) is equipped with a crushing motor (21). The output shaft of the crushing motor (21) is connected to a drive shaft (23). One end of the drive shaft (23) is connected to the roller shaft of one of the crushing rollers (12). The drive shaft (23) is equipped with a drive sprocket (24). The input end of the rubbing drive assembly is equipped with a driven sprocket (25). The drive sprocket (24) and the driven sprocket (25) are connected by a chain (26).

3. The waste aluminum pretreatment equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The friction drive assembly includes a sector gear (29) and rack plates (27) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the sector gear (29). Each friction mechanism (13) includes a mounting base (131) and a friction plate (132) fixed inside the mounting base (131). The two rack plates (27) are respectively fixedly connected to the side of the corresponding mounting base (131). Both ends of the rack plate (27) are provided with elastic telescopic rods (28) with return springs, and the ends of the elastic telescopic rods (28) are connected to the housing of the crushing mechanism (1). When the sector gear (29) rotates, it alternately meshes with the rack plates (27) on both sides. With the return spring force of the elastic telescopic rods (28), it drives the two sets of friction plates (132) to move back and forth alternately in the vertical direction.

4. The waste aluminum pretreatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulse airflow injection mechanism (45) includes an energy storage valve (451), a stepper motor (454), a fixed disk (455), and a rotating disk (456). The fixed disk (455) is fixedly installed inside the housing of the energy storage valve (451). The rotating disk (456) rotates and fits against the end face of the fixed disk (455). The fixed disk (455) and the rotating disk (456) are both provided with corresponding and overlapping fan-shaped openings (457). The stepper motor (454) is installed on the outside of the housing of the energy storage valve (451). The output shaft of the stepper motor (454) and the rotating shaft of the rotating disk (456) are both equipped with helical gears (458). The two helical gears (458) mesh perpendicularly with each other and are used to drive the rotating disk (456) to rotate circumferentially to periodically open or block the air passage.

5. The waste aluminum pretreatment equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inlet end of the energy storage valve (451) is connected to an air supply pipe (452), and the air supply pipe (452) is used to connect an external energy storage fan. A one-way valve (459) is installed at one end of the air supply pipe (452) near the energy storage valve (451). The airflow can only flow unidirectionally from the air source side to the inside of the energy storage valve (451). The valve body cavity between the one-way valve (459) and the fixed plate (455) forms a closed energy storage cavity, which is used to accumulate air pressure during the air path blocking stage. The outlet end of the energy storage valve (451) is connected to an inlet pipe (453), which is used to output pulse airflow.

6. The waste aluminum pretreatment equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electromagnetic vibrating feeder (3) has a sealed air collection chamber (46) below the bottom plate (32), and the air collection chamber (46) covers the area where the pulse air hole (33) is located. The air outlet of the pulse air jet mechanism (45) is connected to the air collection chamber (46) through the air inlet pipe (453). After the pulse air is evenly pressurized by the air collection chamber (46), it is sprayed upward evenly from the pulse air hole (33). A material drop port (31) is provided on one side of the upper end of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder (3).

7. The waste aluminum pretreatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative pressure adsorption unit includes an adsorption hood (41), an adsorption tube (42), a fine impurity collection box (43), and a negative pressure fan (44). The adsorption hood (41) is placed above the feeding trough of the electromagnetic vibrating feeder (3). The air outlet of the adsorption hood (41) is connected to the fine impurity collection box (43) through the adsorption tube (42). The negative pressure fan (44) is installed on the side of the fine impurity collection box (43) to create a micro-negative pressure environment inside the adsorption hood (41).

8. The waste aluminum pretreatment equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The eddy current sorting mechanism (6) includes two side fixed plates (5), a driving roller (61), a driven roller (62), a steering roller (63), a conveyor belt (65), a magnetic roller (64), a magnetic roller motor (67), and a conveyor motor (68). The driving roller (61), driven roller (62), and steering roller (63) are rotatably mounted between the two side fixed plates (5). The conveyor belt (65) is sleeved on the outside of the driving roller (61), driven roller (62), and steering roller (63). The magnetic roller (64) is mounted on the outside of the magnetic roller (65). 4) Built into the upper part of the inner cavity of the driven roller (62) and close to the conveyor belt (65), and the end of the driven roller (62) is rotatably supported on the side fixing plate (5) through the sleeve (66). The conveyor motor (68) is installed on the outside of the side fixing plate (5) and is connected to the drive roller (61) for driving the conveyor belt (65) to rotate. The magnetic roller motor (67) is installed on the outer end of the sleeve (66), and its output shaft is connected to the magnetic roller (64) for driving the magnetic roller (64) to rotate independently at high speed.

9. The waste aluminum pretreatment equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that: The eddy current sorting mechanism (6) has an inclined feeding plate (7) below the discharge end, and the two sides of the feeding plate (7) are fixedly connected to the side fixing plate (5). A collection box (8) is provided below the feeding plate (7).

10. The method of using a waste aluminum pretreatment equipment according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Waste aluminum raw material is fed into the crushing mechanism (1) through the feed inlet (11). After being sheared and crushed by the crushing rollers (12) rotating in opposite directions, it falls into the V-shaped rubbing chamber formed by two sets of rubbing mechanisms (13). The two sets of rubbing mechanisms (13) that move alternately back and forth continuously squeeze and rub the material, so that the impurities embedded and adhered to the aluminum matrix can be separated from the aluminum matrix. Step 2: After dissociation, the material falls through the discharge port (31) to the electromagnetic vibrating feeder (3), where it continues to tumble and be conveyed forward under the action of vibration. The pulse air jet mechanism (45) outputs energy-storing pulse airflow, which penetrates the material layer from bottom to top, flushing off the fine impurities adhering to the surface and gaps of the aluminum particles. The fine impurities are collected and removed by the negative pressure airflow generated by the negative pressure adsorption unit above. Step 3: The desorbed material is fed into the eddy current separation mechanism (6) at a constant speed. The aluminum material and non-metallic material are separated by the eddy current repulsion effect. The two types of materials are guided by the feeding plate (7) and fall into the corresponding chambers of the collection box (8) to complete the pre-treatment collection.

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