Smoke exhaust slag removal control processing method and system based on slm3d printing

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of mechanical engineering control, in particular to a wind field smoke exhaust and slag removal control processing method and system based on SLM3D printing, the wind field smoke exhaust and slag removal control processing method based on SLM3D printing includes multi-dimensional working condition identification module, reconfigurable adaptive wind field module, smoke exhaust and slag removal synergistic strengthening module and whole-process intelligent closed-loop regulation and control module.The present application acquires working condition parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, powder granularity, temperature, smoke concentration, waste slag thickness in real time through a sensor array, automatically identifies printing working conditions and predicts change trends based on a deep learning algorithm, dynamically adjusts the form, wind speed and wind direction of the modular reconfigurable air duct, and realizes the collaborative removal of smoke and waste slag.The present application can solve the technical defects that the existing fixed wind field cannot adapt to dynamic working conditions, smoke exhaust and slag removal are not complete, and operation is unstable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering control, specifically to a method and system for controlling and treating flue gas and slag removal in wind farms based on SLM3D printing. Background Technology

[0002] Selective laser melting (SLM), as a core process in metal additive manufacturing, has been widely applied in high-end fields such as aerospace, medical, automotive, and precision manufacturing due to its advantages of high forming accuracy, high material utilization, and ability to fabricate complex structural parts. During SLM printing, a laser beam is focused on the surface of metal powder, instantly melting and solidifying it. This process generates a large amount of fumes containing harmful components such as metal oxides and carbides, as well as waste such as incompletely melted powder agglomerates and splashed slag. If these byproducts are not removed promptly and thoroughly, they will directly affect the stability of the printing process and the forming quality.

[0003] Specifically, within the SLM printing chamber, the effectiveness of smoke and waste removal is highly dependent on the airflow organization of the ventilation system. However, existing ventilation systems employ a single structure with fixed air outlets and ducts, where parameters such as airflow direction, velocity, and pressure remain constant during printing, failing to adapt to dynamic changes in printing conditions. Due to significant differences in the melting point and combustion characteristics of powders used in different printing materials, coupled with continuous variations in core process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, and layer thickness during printing, an irreconcilable technical contradiction arises between the fixed ventilation system and dynamic conditions: when laser power increases or scanning speed accelerates, the smoke generation rate rises sharply, and the fixed ventilation system cannot promptly improve its smoke removal capacity, leading to a large accumulation of smoke in the printing area; conversely, when the operating conditions are low-load, the airflow velocity in the fixed ventilation system may be too high, causing powder splashing and negatively impacting printing accuracy. This fundamental lack of adaptability to operating conditions prevents the smoke and waste removal effect from reaching its ideal state, becoming a core technical bottleneck restricting the improvement of SLM printing quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method and system for controlling and treating smoke and ash removal in wind farms based on SLM3D printing. This method effectively solves the problems of existing technologies, such as fixed wind farm structures that cannot adapt to dynamic printing conditions, lack of automatic condition identification capabilities that rely on manual adjustment, incomplete smoke and ash removal with high residue rates, poor operational stability and susceptibility to failure, and low waste ash treatment efficiency due to the lack of collaborative ash removal design.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for controlling and treating flue gas exhaust and slag removal in wind farms based on SLM3D printing, characterized in that it includes:

[0006] During the preparation phase, the system automatically completes self-checks of the multi-dimensional operating condition identification module, the reconfigurable adaptive wind field module, the smoke exhaust and ash removal collaborative enhancement module, and the full-process intelligent closed-loop control module. The operator writes the data into a print file, and the system calls the corresponding basic wind field parameters to complete the wind field initialization settings. In the working condition identification and prediction stage, the multi-dimensional working condition identification module collects parameters such as laser power and scanning speed, powder particle size, powder material, printing temperature, smoke concentration, and waste residue thickness in real time. Through the working condition identification and prediction algorithm, it automatically identifies the current printing working condition and predicts the subsequent trend, and transmits the working condition data to the intelligent main control unit. During the dynamic adjustment phase of the wind field, the intelligent main control unit outputs wind field adjustment commands based on the operating condition identification results. The reconfigurable adaptive wind field module executes the adjustment operation, automatically adjusting the guide vane angle and fan speed, reconstructing the wind field shape, and adjusting the wind speed and direction. During the coordinated operation of smoke exhaust and slag removal, the smoke exhaust and slag removal enhancement module is activated, and the main smoke exhaust channel and auxiliary smoke exhaust channel work together to automatically adjust the smoke exhaust power according to the smoke concentration. The ultrasonic slag removal component is activated according to the waste slag thickness signal to remove waste slag from the surface of the printed parts. During the closed-loop control and optimization phase, the effect monitoring module monitors the smoke concentration and waste residue thickness in real time and feeds the data back to the intelligent main control unit. The main control unit compares the preset thresholds and automatically fine-tunes the wind field parameters and smoke and slag removal power. Upon completion of the printing process, the system automatically extends the smoke and ash removal time, automatically records operating parameters, wind field adjustment parameters, and smoke and ash removal effect data, and then shuts down all modules.

[0007] This invention also discloses a wind field smoke and ash removal control system based on SLM3D printing, including a multi-dimensional operating condition identification module, a reconfigurable adaptive wind field module, a smoke and ash removal collaborative enhancement module, and a full-process intelligent closed-loop control module. The modules work together to form a hardware-algorithm coupled system of "sensor identification - flow field reconstruction - collaborative smoke and ash removal - intelligent closed loop", realizing the functions of automatic identification of printing conditions, dynamic adjustment of wind field structure and wind speed, and collaborative removal of smoke and ash during SLM printing.

[0008] Furthermore, the multi-dimensional working condition identification module includes a sensor array and a working condition identification and prediction algorithm. The sensor array adopts a spatially distributed, non-coplanar layout, specifically including: a laser power and scanning speed sensor, arranged close to the laser head's motion axis, for real-time acquisition of laser power and scanning speed parameters; a powder particle size sensor, arranged near the powder supply scraper mechanism, for real-time acquisition of powder particle size parameters; a powder material sensor, arranged near the powder supply mechanism, for identifying the powder material type; a temperature sensor, arranged in the upper space of the printing chamber, for real-time acquisition of the printing area temperature; a smoke concentration sensor, arranged in a triangular layout with the temperature sensor, covering the upper space of the printing chamber, for real-time acquisition of smoke concentration parameters; and a waste residue thickness sensor, arranged in the upper space of the printing chamber, for real-time acquisition of waste residue thickness parameters. Furthermore, the signal lines of each sensor converge to the intelligent main control unit, realizing the synchronous acquisition of multi-source heterogeneous parameters.

[0009] Furthermore, the operating condition identification and prediction algorithm is built into the intelligent main control unit. Based on a deep learning model, it analyzes and processes the collected multi-dimensional operating condition parameters, automatically identifies core operating conditions such as printing material, printing thickness, and laser power, and predicts subsequent operating condition changes based on historical printing data, outputting airflow adjustment commands in advance. Furthermore, the multi-dimensional operating condition identification module implements multi-dimensional sensing and acquisition functions, collecting core operating condition parameters such as laser power, scanning speed, powder particle size, powder material, printing temperature, smoke concentration, and waste residue thickness in real time, with a sampling frequency of no less than 1 kilohertz to ensure the real-time nature and accuracy of parameter acquisition.

[0010] Furthermore, the multi-dimensional operating condition identification module also implements intelligent identification and prediction functions. Based on a deep learning model, it automatically identifies the current printing operating condition, predicts subsequent operating condition changes, and outputs wind field adjustment commands, with a predicted response time of no more than 0.1 seconds. Furthermore, the multi-dimensional operating condition identification module also implements operating condition classification and matching functions, dividing the printing operating condition into five levels: low load, normal load, medium-high load, high load, and extreme load. Each level corresponds to preset wind field parameters, achieving a dual control method of basic matching plus precise fine-tuning.

[0011] Furthermore, the reconfigurable adaptive wind field module includes a modular reconfigurable air duct, a micro servo drive component, an intrinsically safe variable frequency fan, guide vanes, an airflow rectification component, a dust filter, a pressure sensor, and a wind speed sensor. The modular reconfigurable air duct is located on the top and sides of the printing chamber and has a multi-branch parallel tubular structure. Each branch pipe is connected to the main housing through a quick-connect interface. The number of channels can be flexibly increased or decreased according to the size of the printing chamber to realize the physical reconstruction of the wind field morphology, including two working modes: directional wind field and focused wind field.

[0012] Furthermore, the micro servo drive component is installed at the branch node of the air duct and coupled to the drive shaft of the guide vanes through an internal reduction mechanism to achieve high-precision angle positioning. Furthermore, the intrinsically safe variable frequency fan is independently arranged in a sealed compartment at the bottom or side of the equipment, using a vibration-damping base and a flexible joint for connection. Its speed can be steplessly adjusted from zero to three thousand revolutions per minute, providing power to the wind field. Furthermore, the guide vanes are installed at the air duct outlet, arranged in a multi-vane array, and are connected to the micro servo drive component for transmission. Their angle can be dynamically adjusted from zero to sixty degrees, changing the airflow direction and coverage area.

[0013] Furthermore, the airflow rectification component is installed upstream of the servo drive section, employing a honeycomb or porous grid structure to eliminate airflow turbulence and transform turbulence into uniform laminar flow. Furthermore, the dust filter is installed upstream of the rectification component, arranged at an angle, and uses a sintered metal mesh or high-precision fiber filter material to intercept splashing powder and prevent duct blockage. Furthermore, the pressure sensor is threaded onto the sidewall of the duct's confluence chamber, located before and after the rectification component, and is used to monitor the airflow pressure within the duct. Furthermore, the wind speed sensor is positioned at the center axis of the straight pipe section after the fan outlet, providing real-time feedback of the actual wind speed.

[0014] Furthermore, the reconfigurable adaptive wind field module enables wind field morphology reconstruction, automatically adjusting the duct working mode based on the operating condition identification results to reconstruct the wind field morphology and ensure that the wind field can cover all dead corners of the printing area. Furthermore, the reconfigurable adaptive wind field module also enables multi-channel independent wind speed adjustment, with each duct equipped with an independent variable frequency fan, achieving independent and precise wind speed control with an adjustment accuracy of no less than 0.1 meters per second. Furthermore, the reconfigurable adaptive wind field module also enables dynamic wind direction adjustment, using a micro servo drive component to adjust the angle of the guide vanes, thus achieving dynamic adjustment of the wind field direction.

[0015] Furthermore, the reconfigurable adaptive wind field module also realizes the function of airflow stabilization control. It eliminates turbulence and eddies through airflow rectification components, prevents powder blockage through dust filter, and maintains airflow pressure stability by forming a dual closed-loop monitoring of airflow pressure and wind speed through the paired arrangement of pressure sensor and wind speed sensor.

[0016] Furthermore, the smoke exhaust and slag removal synergistic enhancement module includes a main smoke exhaust channel, an auxiliary smoke exhaust channel, a high-efficiency filter component, and an ultrasonic slag removal component. The main smoke exhaust channel is located on the right side of the printing chamber, with a large diameter and a gradually expanding funnel shape, suitable for high-flow main suction. Furthermore, the auxiliary smoke exhaust channel is located at the top of the printing chamber, with a diameter slightly smaller than the main smoke exhaust channel, and an upward orientation, suitable for collection in the top overflow area. Furthermore, the high-efficiency filter component is connected in series at the rear end of the main and auxiliary smoke exhaust channels, with a filtration accuracy of not less than 0.1 micrometers, used to filter harmful components and fine powder in the smoke.

[0017] Furthermore, the ultrasonic slag removal component is embedded inside the top or side wall of the printing chamber, and the transducer array is directly and rigidly coupled to the metal substrate of the chamber or uses an independent cantilever probe facing the molding cylinder to emit high-frequency vibrations of 20 to 80 kHz. Furthermore, the smoke extraction and slag removal synergistic enhancement module achieves efficient smoke extraction, with the main and auxiliary smoke extraction channels working in tandem. The smoke extraction power is automatically adjusted according to the smoke concentration; when the smoke concentration is high, the main channel's smoke extraction power increases to over 80%, and the auxiliary channel assists in smoke extraction, ensuring rapid smoke removal.

[0018] Furthermore, the smoke exhaust and slag removal synergistic enhancement module also realizes the function of precise slag removal. The ultrasonic slag removal component is activated according to the signal of the slag thickness sensor. It uses high-frequency vibration to break up stubborn slag on the surface and in the gaps of the printed parts. The slag enters the smoke exhaust channel under the flushing of the airflow, realizing the synergistic treatment of solid and gas two-phase flow through crushing, peeling and extraction.

[0019] Furthermore, the full-process intelligent closed-loop control module includes an intelligent main control unit, a closed-loop control algorithm, an intelligent optimization algorithm, a fault self-diagnosis module, and backup components. The intelligent main control unit serves as the core control center of the system, receiving sensor network data and outputting wind field adjustment commands. Furthermore, the closed-loop control algorithm implements closed-loop control logic for monitoring and optimizing wind field adjustment parameters based on operating conditions. Furthermore, the intelligent optimization algorithm automatically optimizes wind field adjustment parameters based on historical printing data, operating parameters, and flue gas and ash removal effect data, achieving self-learning and self-optimization functions.

[0020] Furthermore, the fault self-diagnosis module monitors the operating status of the wind farm structure, fans, sensors, and slag removal components in real time. Furthermore, the backup components include backup fans, which automatically start when the main component fails. Furthermore, the full-process intelligent closed-loop control module implements closed-loop control functionality. The operating condition identification module collects real-time operating condition parameters and transmits them to the intelligent main control unit. The main control unit outputs wind farm adjustment commands based on the operating condition parameters, the wind farm execution module executes the adjustment operation, and the effect monitoring module monitors the flue gas and slag removal effect in real time and feeds it back to the main control unit. The main control unit automatically fine-tunes the wind farm parameters by comparing them with preset thresholds, forming a closed-loop control system.

[0021] Furthermore, the fully intelligent closed-loop control module also features intelligent optimization, automatically generating customized wind field control schemes based on the characteristics of different printing materials to continuously improve wind field adaptability and smoke and slag removal efficiency. Additionally, the fully intelligent closed-loop control module also features fault self-diagnosis and self-repair functions, monitoring the operating status of each module in real time. When problems such as fan failure, duct blockage, or sensor malfunction occur, it immediately issues an early warning, automatically activates backup components, or performs self-repair operations, with a fault response time of no more than 0.5 seconds.

[0022] Compared with the closest existing technology, the present invention has the following advantages: Through multi-dimensional automatic identification and prediction technology of working conditions, the printing working conditions can be identified and predicted in real time. The wind field structure and wind speed can be dynamically adjusted according to the working conditions to adapt to the working conditions of different printing materials, different printing thicknesses and different laser powers. The identification accuracy rate is no less than 99.8%, and the prediction response time is no more than 0.1 seconds. It completely solves the defects of existing structures that rely on manual adjustment and have poor adaptability, reduces the labor intensity and operation threshold of operators, and requires no manual intervention.

[0023] Furthermore, through the synergistic enhancement technology of smoke exhaust and slag removal, the smoke and slag are removed simultaneously, reducing the smoke residue rate to less than 1% and the slag residue rate to less than 0.5%, which is far superior to the existing technologies with smoke residue rates of 15% to 20% and slag residue rates of 8% to 12%. This effectively avoids defects in printed parts caused by smoke contamination of the laser lens and slag, and significantly improves the forming accuracy and surface quality of printed parts, making it especially suitable for printing complex structural parts.

[0024] Furthermore, by using a reconfigurable adaptive wind field structure and a full-process intelligent closed-loop control method, the airflow of the wind field is stabilized, avoiding eddies and pipe blockage. It also has self-diagnosis and self-repair functions, with a fault response time of no more than 0.5 seconds. It can automatically start backup components and perform self-repair operations, solving the defects of unstable operation and easy failure of the existing structure, improving the reliability of equipment operation, and enabling the equipment to run continuously for 300 hours without failure.

[0025] Furthermore, it features a closed-loop control system covering the entire process, including operating condition identification, wind field adjustment, effect monitoring, and parameter optimization. The built-in intelligent optimization algorithm can automatically optimize and control parameters based on historical data, achieving self-learning and self-optimization. At the same time, the system automatically records operating condition parameters, wind field adjustment parameters, and smoke and ash removal effect data, storing them for no less than two years to facilitate quality traceability and process optimization. It adapts to the printing needs of different scenarios, has a high degree of intelligence, and is optimizable and traceable.

[0026] Furthermore, the multi-dimensional working condition identification and prediction structure, reconfigurable adaptive wind field structure, smoke and ash removal synergistic enhancement structure, and full-process intelligent closed-loop control method of this invention are all pioneering achievements in the field. They form an integrated smoke and ash removal system that integrates working condition identification, dynamic wind field, synergistic ash removal, and intelligent control. This system breaks through the technical bottlenecks of existing SLM3D printing smoke and ash removal, fills a market gap, and has significant novelty and creativity. It can greatly improve the quality and efficiency of SLM printing, reduce equipment failure and labor costs, adapt to the stringent requirements of high-end manufacturing fields such as aerospace and medical, and promote the industrial upgrading of SLM3D printing technology. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the wind farm flue gas and slag removal control method based on SLM3D printing according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wind farm flue gas and slag removal control and treatment system based on SLM3D printing according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the intrinsically safe variable frequency fan connection of the wind farm smoke exhaust and slag removal control and treatment system based on SLM3D printing in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the micro servo drive component of the wind farm flue gas exhaust and slag removal control and processing system based on SLM3D printing in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure label: 1. Laser power and scanning speed sensor; 2. Powder particle size sensor; 3. Temperature sensor; 4. Smoke concentration sensor; 5. Waste residue thickness sensor; 6. Powder material sensor; 7. Modular reconfigurable air duct; 8. Micro servo drive component; 9. Intrinsically safe variable frequency fan; 10. Guide vanes; 11. Airflow rectification component; 12. Dust filter; 13. Pressure sensor; 14. Wind speed sensor; 15. Main smoke exhaust duct; 16. Auxiliary smoke exhaust duct; 17. High-efficiency filtration component; 18. Ultrasonic slag removal component. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0030] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., which indicate directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. This is only for the convenience of description and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0032] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] Example 1 Please see Figure 1 The diagram shown is a flowchart of the wind farm flue gas and ash removal control method based on SLM3D printing in this embodiment. The wind farm flue gas and ash removal control method based on SLM3D printing in this embodiment includes: During the preparation phase, after the SLM3D printing equipment is started, the system automatically executes self-test procedures for each module, including zero-point calibration and range calibration of the sensor array, start-up test of the variable frequency fan, duct sealing test, and control communication link test. After confirming that the multi-dimensional operating condition identification module, reconfigurable adaptive wind field module, flue gas and slag removal synergistic enhancement module, and full-process intelligent closed-loop control module are all operating normally, the system enters standby mode. The operator writes the 3D model file of the part to be printed through the human-machine interface. The system automatically identifies the printing material and basic printing parameters, calls the corresponding basic wind field parameter database, and completes the wind field initialization settings. Initialization parameters include the duct operating mode, basic wind speed setpoint, initial angle of the guide vanes, and flue gas power reference value.

[0034] During the condition identification and prediction phase, once the printing task officially starts, the sensors in the multi-dimensional condition identification module simultaneously begin collecting real-time data. Laser power and scanning speed sensor 1 collects the laser's power output and scanning speed values ​​in real time; powder particle size sensor 2 monitors the powder particle size distribution characteristics; powder material sensor 6 identifies the powder material type; temperature sensor 3 measures the temperature field distribution in the printing area; smoke concentration sensor 4 monitors the smoke concentration level inside the chamber; and waste thickness sensor 5 measures the cumulative thickness of waste on the surface of the printed part and the powder bed. All sensors have a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz to ensure the real-time and synchronous nature of parameter acquisition.

[0035] After the collected multi-dimensional operating condition parameters are transmitted to the intelligent main control unit, the operating condition identification and prediction algorithm processes and analyzes the data. The algorithm is built on a deep learning convolutional neural network model. First, it performs feature normalization and temporal encoding on the input parameters. Then, it uses the trained network model for pattern recognition, automatically identifying core operating condition information such as the type of printing material, printing layer thickness, laser power level, and scanning speed level. The identified operating condition information is matched with five preset operating condition levels to determine the current operating condition level and calls the corresponding preset wind field parameters as the basic configuration. The five operating condition levels are low load, normal load, medium-high load, high load, and extreme load, each corresponding to preset wind speed range, wind field morphology, and smoke exhaust power.

[0036] The predictive function is one of the core technologies of this invention. While identifying the current operating condition, the algorithm combines historical printing data with patterns of similar task operating condition changes to predict the trend of subsequent printing conditions. For example, when it detects that the laser power is gradually increasing, the algorithm predicts that a higher load will follow and outputs a wind field adjustment command before the actual change in operating conditions. This avoids the wind field adjustment lagging behind the changes in operating conditions and ensures that the smoke and slag removal effect remains stable. The predictive response time is no more than 0.1 seconds, achieving synchronous response between wind field adjustment and printing conditions.

[0037] During the dynamic adjustment phase of the wind field, the intelligent main control unit outputs wind field adjustment commands to the reconfigurable adaptive wind field module based on the operating condition identification and prediction results. These commands include parameters such as the duct operating mode switching command, the target value of the variable frequency fan speed, and the target value of the guide vane angle. Upon receiving the commands, the reconfigurable adaptive wind field module uses a micro servo drive component 8 to drive the guide vanes 10 to rotate to the target angle, adjusting the airflow direction. The variable frequency fan 9's inverter adjusts its speed according to the target speed, achieving precise wind speed control. The modular reconfigurable duct 7 adjusts the valve openings of each branch duct according to preset wind field morphology parameters, enabling switching between directional and focused wind fields.

[0038] When the operating condition recognition algorithm identifies a medium-to-high load condition and predicts that the laser power will increase to 450 watts, the main control unit outputs a focused airflow mode command. The angle of the guide vanes 10 is adjusted to 30 degrees to concentrate the airflow towards the center of the printing area, and the speed of the variable frequency fan 9 is adjusted to 2000 revolutions per minute, corresponding to a wind speed of 6 meters per second, forming a focused airflow that covers the complex internal cavity area of ​​the printed part. The pressure sensor 13 monitors the airflow pressure in the duct in real time, which is 0.05 MPa, and the wind speed sensor 14 provides feedback on the actual wind speed value. The main control unit automatically fine-tunes the fan speed according to the deviation to maintain the airflow pressure stable within a range of ±0.01 MPa.

[0039] During the coordinated operation phase of smoke extraction and slag removal, after the wind field adjustment is completed, the smoke extraction and slag removal enhancement module is activated. The main smoke extraction channel 15 and the auxiliary smoke extraction channel 16 operate simultaneously, automatically adjusting the smoke extraction power based on real-time monitoring data from the smoke concentration sensor 4. When the smoke concentration is 8 grams per cubic meter, the power of the main smoke extraction channel is set to 80%, and the power of the auxiliary smoke extraction channel is set to 40%, working together to achieve efficient smoke capture and extraction. The high-efficiency filter assembly 17 performs multi-stage filtration of the inhaled smoke. The 0.1-micron precision filter layer effectively intercepts harmful components such as metal oxides and carbides, as well as fine powder particles, in the smoke, ensuring that the purified gas meets emission standards.

[0040] The ultrasonic slag removal component 18 starts working based on the monitoring signal from the slag thickness sensor 5. When the slag thickness exceeds 3 micrometers and the preset threshold is reached, the ultrasonic generator starts, emitting high-frequency vibrations at a frequency of 50 kHz. The ultrasonic waves are transmitted to the slag adhesion area through the metal substrate of the chamber or the cantilever probe. The cavitation effect generates microjets and shock waves at the interface between the slag and the substrate, disrupting the adhesion conditions of the slag and causing stubborn slag to detach from the surface of the printed part and the gaps in the powder bed. The detached slag enters the exhaust channel under the scouring action of the airflow, is discharged with the smoke, and is filtered, achieving a synergistic slag removal effect of crushing, peeling, and extraction.

[0041] During the closed-loop control and optimization phase, the effect monitoring module collects real-time data on the smoke and slag removal effect, including the residual smoke concentration measured by smoke concentration sensor 4 and the residual slag thickness measured by slag thickness sensor 5. The monitoring data is fed back to the intelligent main control unit via a communication interface. The main control unit compares and analyzes the actual values ​​with preset thresholds. The preset thresholds for residual smoke rate are below 1%, and for residual slag rate are below 0.5%. When the actual monitored value exceeds the threshold, the main control unit automatically fine-tunes the wind field parameters and smoke and slag removal power for correction.

[0042] In one specific embodiment, the monitoring module reported a smoke concentration of 0.8 grams per cubic meter, resulting in a calculated smoke residue rate of 0.8%, which meets the threshold requirement of less than 1%. The waste residue thickness was 3.2 micrometers, with a calculated waste residue rate of 0.04%, meeting the threshold requirement of less than 0.5%. When subsequent operating conditions change, the intelligent optimization algorithm automatically adjusts the wind field parameters based on historical data. When the laser power increases to 450 watts, the algorithm pre-calculates and adjusts the fan speed to 2200 revolutions per minute, corresponding to a wind speed of 7 meters per second, maintaining stable smoke and slag removal efficiency. The intelligent optimization algorithm continuously analyzes the correlation between operating parameters and smoke and slag removal efficiency, gradually optimizing the configuration of control parameters and improving the overall adaptability of the system.

[0043] During the printing completion phase, the system automatically enters the post-processing workflow after the printing task ends. The smoke and slag removal enhancement module continues to operate, extending the smoke and slag removal time by 5 to 10 minutes to ensure that residual smoke and slag in the printing chamber are completely removed. The ultrasonic slag removal component 18 restarts to perform a final cleaning of the printed surface. After all cleaning is completed, the system shuts down each module in a preset order, the variable frequency fan 9 gradually decelerates and stops, the guide vanes 10 return to their initial angle, and all sensors enter a low-power standby state.

[0044] The system automatically records all operating parameters, wind field adjustment parameters, and flue gas and ash removal effect data for this printing task. The data storage time is no less than 2 years, which facilitates quality traceability and process optimization. The recorded data includes complete information such as the original data collected by each sensor, operating condition identification results, predictive output, wind field adjustment commands, actual operating parameters, and flue gas and ash removal effect monitoring values, providing a reference for subsequent similar printing tasks.

[0045] Example 2 Please see Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic of the wind farm flue gas and ash removal control and treatment system based on SLM3D printing in this embodiment. This wind farm flue gas and ash removal control and treatment system based on SLM3D printing includes: The multi-dimensional working condition recognition module consists of two parts: a sensor array and a working condition recognition and prediction algorithm. The sensor array adopts a spatially distributed, non-coplanar layout design, containing six independent sensor units, each arranged in a specific position within the SLM printing chamber according to functional requirements.

[0046] The laser power and scanning speed sensor 1 is arranged close to the laser head's motion axis. It uses a high-precision optical power meter and encoder to collect the laser output power value and laser scanning speed parameters in real time. The measurement range covers laser power from 0 to 1000 watts and scanning speed from 0 to 10000 mm / s, with a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz, ensuring the real-time acquisition accuracy of laser processing parameters.

[0047] The powder particle size sensor 2 is positioned near the powder feeding scraper mechanism. It monitors the particle size distribution of metal powder in real time through online particle size analysis technology. The measurement range is 10 to 200 micrometers. It can accurately identify the particle size characteristics of different batches of powder and provide powder physical parameter support for the working condition identification algorithm.

[0048] The powder material sensor 6 is located near the powder supply mechanism. It automatically identifies the type of metal powder material being fed in using near-infrared spectroscopy or electromagnetic induction technology, including different materials such as stainless steel, titanium alloy, high-temperature alloy, and aluminum alloy, so as to achieve rapid classification and automatic matching of powder materials.

[0049] Temperature sensor 3 is located in the space above the printing chamber. It adopts a high-temperature resistant infrared temperature probe and has a measurement range covering 0 to 1000 degrees Celsius. It collects the temperature distribution of the printing area in real time and provides thermodynamic parameters for working condition identification and air field adjustment.

[0050] The smoke concentration sensor 4 and the temperature sensor 3 are arranged in a triangular layout and are also placed in the space above the printing chamber, covering the entire working area of ​​the printing chamber. They measure the smoke concentration in real time through the principle of optical scattering, with a measurement range of 0 to 50 grams per cubic meter, and can quickly respond to changes in smoke concentration generated during the printing process.

[0051] The waste residue thickness sensor 5 is arranged in the space above the printing chamber. It adopts non-contact laser ranging technology and has a measurement range of 0 to 1 mm. It accurately monitors the cumulative thickness of waste residue on the surface of the printed part and the powder bed, providing data for the start-up and operation of the ultrasonic slag removal component.

[0052] The signals collected by each sensor are converged to the intelligent main control unit via shielded cables, enabling synchronous acquisition and real-time processing of multi-source heterogeneous parameters. The operating condition identification and prediction algorithm is built into the intelligent main control unit. Based on a deep learning convolutional neural network model, it performs feature extraction, pattern recognition, and trend prediction on the collected multi-dimensional operating condition parameters. It automatically identifies core operating condition parameters such as the current printing material, printing thickness, and laser power, and, combined with a historical printing database, predicts subsequent operating condition changes. It outputs wind field adjustment commands in advance of any changes in operating conditions, with a prediction response time of no more than 0.1 seconds.

[0053] The reconfigurable adaptive wind field module includes a modular reconfigurable air duct 7, a micro servo drive component 8, an intrinsically safe variable frequency fan 9, guide vanes 10, an airflow rectification component 11, a dust filter 12, a pressure sensor 13, and a wind speed sensor 14.

[0054] The modular, reconfigurable air duct 7 is located on the top and sides of the printing chamber, featuring a multi-branched parallel tubular structure. Each branch air duct connects to the main housing via quick-connect flange interfaces. The number of air duct branches can be flexibly increased or decreased according to the actual size of the printing chamber and printing requirements, achieving physical reconstruction of the airflow pattern. This air duct supports two working modes: directional airflow and focused airflow. In directional airflow mode, the airflow is uniformly blown in a single direction, suitable for printing planar structural parts. In focused airflow mode, the airflow converges towards the central area to form a focusing effect, suitable for printing parts with complex internal cavity structures.

[0055] The miniature servo drive component 8 is installed at the branch node of the air duct. It uses a high-precision stepper motor and a harmonic reducer, and is flexibly coupled to the drive shaft of the guide vane 10 through an internal reduction mechanism. The servo drive component receives command signals from the intelligent main control unit and controls the rotation angle of the output shaft to achieve high-precision angle positioning of the guide vane 10. The angle adjustment range is 0 to 60 degrees, and the positioning accuracy is better than 0.1 degrees, ensuring precise adjustment of the airflow direction.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, the intrinsically safe variable frequency fan 9 is independently arranged in a sealed compartment at the bottom or side of the equipment. It uses an explosion-proof motor and is driven by a frequency converter. It is connected to the air duct system through a vibration-damping base and flexible joints, effectively isolating the transmission of fan vibration to the printing chamber. The variable frequency fan speed can be steplessly adjusted from 0 to 3000 rpm, corresponding to a wind speed adjustment range of 0.5 to 10 meters per second, with an adjustment accuracy better than 0.1 meters per second, providing a stable and adjustable power source for the wind farm.

[0057] The guide vanes 10 are installed at the outlet of the air duct and are arranged in a multi-airfoil structure. The number of vanes is determined according to the cross-sectional area of ​​the air duct. They are connected to the micro servo drive component 8 via a rotating shaft. The angle adjustment of the guide vanes 10 changes the direction and coverage of the airflow. At the 0-degree position, the airflow is ejected along the axis of the air duct, and at the 60-degree position, the airflow is deflected to the maximum angle, realizing dynamic adjustment of the wind direction.

[0058] like Figure 4 As shown, the airflow rectification component 11 is installed in the air duct section upstream of the micro servo drive component 8. It adopts a honeycomb or louvered porous grid structure design, and the grid aperture is optimized and determined according to the cross-sectional area of ​​the air duct. The function of the airflow rectification component 11 is to eliminate airflow turbulence and turbulent components generated by the fan, transform the non-uniform turbulence into a smooth and uniform laminar flow, reduce the generation of airflow eddies, and ensure that the airflow blowing towards the printing area has good directionality and stability.

[0059] The dust filter 12 is arranged close to the upstream of the airflow rectification assembly 11, and is installed at an angle to increase the filtration area and facilitate dust cleaning. The dust filter 12 is made of stainless steel sintered metal mesh or high-precision fiber filter material, with a filtration accuracy of 1 micron. It can effectively intercept splashed metal powder particles, prevent powder from entering the air duct system and causing internal dust accumulation and blockage, and maintain the long-term cleanliness and stable operation of the air duct system.

[0060] Pressure sensor 13 is fixed to the side wall of the air duct junction cavity via a threaded connection, located at both ends of the airflow rectification assembly 11, and is used to monitor changes in airflow pressure within the air duct in real time. Anemometer 14 is positioned at the center axis of the straight pipe section after the fan outlet, and is used to provide real-time feedback of the actual wind speed. Pressure sensor 13 and anemometer 14 are arranged in pairs, forming a dual closed-loop monitoring node for airflow pressure and wind speed. The intelligent main control unit automatically adjusts the rotational speed of the variable frequency fan 9 based on real-time pressure and wind speed data to maintain the airflow pressure stable within a range of ±0.01 MPa.

[0061] The smoke exhaust and slag removal synergistic enhancement module consists of four parts: main smoke exhaust channel 15, auxiliary smoke exhaust channel 16, high-efficiency filter component 17, and ultrasonic slag removal component 18, which realizes the synergistic work of efficient smoke exhaust and precise slag removal.

[0062] The main exhaust duct 15 is located on the right side of the printing chamber. It has a large diameter and a gradually expanding trumpet-shaped structure. The inlet opening is aligned with the core of the printing work area, and the outlet is connected in series with the high-efficiency filter assembly 17 via a rigid bend. The gradually expanding trumpet-shaped structure increases the effective area for flue gas capture, making it suitable for high-flow main suction conditions, with a rated suction flow rate of 800 to 1200 cubic meters per hour.

[0063] The auxiliary smoke exhaust duct 16 is located at the top of the printing chamber, oriented slightly upwards, with a diameter slightly smaller than the main smoke exhaust duct 15. Its inlet opening covers the overflow area at the top of the printing chamber, and its outlet is connected in series with the high-efficiency filter assembly 17. The auxiliary smoke exhaust duct 16 works in conjunction with the main smoke exhaust duct 15, forming a three-dimensional smoke exhaust layout. The top auxiliary duct is specifically designed to capture smoke rising to the top of the chamber due to hot air convection, improving smoke capture efficiency.

[0064] The high-efficiency filter assembly 17 is installed in series at the rear end of the main and auxiliary smoke exhaust ducts, and adopts a multi-stage filtration structure design. The pre-filter section uses a coarse filter to intercept larger metal dust particles, while the post-filter section uses high-efficiency microporous filter media to achieve fine filtration. The overall filtration accuracy reaches 0.1 microns, which can effectively filter harmful components such as metal oxides and carbides, as well as fine powder particles contained in the smoke, to avoid environmental pollution caused by the exhaust gas, and at the same time prevent powder from entering the exhaust gas treatment system and causing duct blockage.

[0065] The ultrasonic slag removal component 18 is embedded in the internal structure of the top or side wall of the printing chamber. The ultrasonic transducer array is directly coupled to the metal substrate of the chamber via a rigid connection, or an independent cantilever probe structure is used to position the transducer directly in front of the working area of ​​the forming cylinder. The ultrasonic slag removal component 18 emits high-frequency vibrating ultrasonic waves of 20 to 80 kHz. Through the cavitation effect and mechanical vibration of the ultrasonic waves, it breaks up stubborn waste residues adhering to the surface of the printed parts and the gaps in the powder bed. After losing their adhesion, the waste residues are carried into the exhaust channel by the airflow, achieving a two-phase flow treatment of solid and gas through crushing, peeling, and extraction.

[0066] The main and auxiliary smoke exhaust channels automatically adjust their exhaust power based on real-time monitoring data from the smoke concentration sensor 4. When the smoke concentration is low, the main exhaust channel operates independently, with the auxiliary channel serving as a backup. When the smoke concentration rises above a preset threshold, the power of the main exhaust channel increases to over 80%, and the auxiliary exhaust channel simultaneously starts to assist in smoke exhaust, ensuring rapid discharge under high-concentration smoke conditions. The ultrasonic slag removal component 18 automatically starts based on the monitoring signal from the slag thickness sensor 5. When the slag thickness exceeds a preset threshold, the ultrasonic generator starts working, continuously breaking up the slag until the thickness drops below a safe range.

[0067] The full-process intelligent closed-loop control module consists of five parts: intelligent main control unit, closed-loop control algorithm, intelligent optimization algorithm, fault self-diagnosis module, and backup components, forming a complete intelligent control system.

[0068] The intelligent main control unit uses a high-performance industrial-grade embedded processor as its core control hub, and is equipped with a multi-channel high-speed data acquisition card and communication interface to receive real-time data from the sensor network. After processing by built-in algorithms, it outputs control commands to each actuator. The main control unit incorporates working condition recognition and prediction algorithms, closed-loop control algorithms, and intelligent optimization algorithms to realize all functions of data processing, logical judgment, and optimization decision-making.

[0069] The closed-loop control algorithm realizes a closed-loop control logic for the entire process of "operating condition identification - wind field adjustment - effect monitoring - parameter optimization". After the operating condition identification module collects real-time operating condition parameters, it transmits them to the main control unit. The main control unit outputs wind field adjustment commands to the wind field execution module according to the operating condition parameters. After the execution module completes the adjustment operations of wind field shape, wind speed and wind direction, the effect monitoring module monitors the smoke and ash removal effect data in real time and feeds it back to the main control unit. The main control unit compares the monitoring data with the preset threshold and automatically fine-tunes the wind field parameters to form a closed-loop control, ensuring that the smoke and ash removal effect is always maintained above the preset standard.

[0070] The intelligent optimization algorithm is built upon a reinforcement learning model, continuously optimizing airflow adjustment parameters based on historical printing data, operating parameters, and smoke and ash removal performance data. By analyzing the optimal airflow configuration schemes under different printing materials, structures, and operating conditions, the algorithm gradually builds a comprehensive knowledge base, enabling the system to self-learn and self-optimize. Simultaneously, the algorithm can automatically generate customized airflow control schemes based on the characteristics of newly assigned printing tasks, further enhancing airflow adaptability.

[0071] The fault self-diagnosis module monitors the operating status of all modules in real time, including the wind farm structure, variable frequency fan, sensor array, and ultrasonic slag removal components. Monitored parameters include characteristic quantities such as motor current, speed, temperature, and vibration. It uses preset threshold comparisons and abnormal pattern recognition technology to determine if any component has potential faults. When abnormalities such as variable frequency fan failure, duct blockage, or sensor malfunction are detected, the system immediately issues audible and visual warning signals and automatically starts backup components or performs self-repair operations, such as automatically switching to the backup fan or triggering an automatic duct unblocking program. The fault response time is no more than 0.5 seconds, ensuring continuous and stable equipment operation.

[0072] The backup components include a backup variable frequency fan, a backup sensor array, and a backup control circuit, which are automatically switched on by the main control unit when the main component fails. The backup variable frequency fan has the same specifications as the main fan, is installed in an independent sealed compartment, and is normally in hot standby mode. Upon receiving a switchover command, it can start up and be put into operation within 0.2 seconds.

[0073] In one specific embodiment, the titanium alloy powder has a particle size of 53 to 150 micrometers, the printed layer thickness is 120 micrometers, the laser power is 300 to 400 watts, the scanning speed is 500 to 1000 millimeters per second, and the printed part is an aerospace component with a complex internal cavity structure.

[0074] After the equipment starts up and completes self-checks of each module, the operator writes the 3D model of the printed part, and the system automatically identifies the powder material as TC4 titanium alloy and calls the preset basic airflow parameters for titanium alloy printing. With the preparation phase complete, the system enters standby mode.

[0075] After printing starts, multi-dimensional sensors collect parameters in real time: laser power 350 watts, scanning speed 800 mm / s, powder particle size 100 micrometers, printing temperature 150 degrees Celsius, smoke concentration 8 grams per cubic meter, and waste residue thickness 3 micrometers. The operating condition recognition algorithm identifies the current operating condition as medium to high load and, based on historical data, predicts that the laser power will be increased to 450 watts in the future. The data and prediction results are then transmitted to the main control unit.

[0076] The main control unit outputs a focused airflow mode command, adjusting the angle of the guide vanes 10 to 30 degrees and the speed of the variable frequency fan 9 to 2000 revolutions per minute, corresponding to a wind speed of 6 meters per second, thus reconstructing the focused airflow to cover the complex internal cavity area of ​​the printed part. Pressure sensor 13 monitors the airflow pressure and maintains a stable 0.05 MPa.

[0077] The smoke exhaust and slag removal synergistic enhancement module is activated, the power of the main smoke exhaust channel is adjusted to 80%, and the auxiliary smoke exhaust channel works in coordination. The high-efficiency filter component 17 filters harmful components in the smoke. The ultrasonic slag removal component 18 adjusts the ultrasonic frequency to 50 kHz, breaking up the waste residue in the inner cavity, and the airflow washes the waste residue into the smoke exhaust channel.

[0078] During the closed-loop control phase, the monitoring module reported a smoke concentration of 0.8 grams per cubic meter, corresponding to a residue rate of 0.8%, and a waste residue thickness of 3.2 micrometers, corresponding to a residue rate of 0.04%, both meeting the standards. Subsequently, the laser power was increased to 450 watts, and the algorithm, based on prediction, adjusted the fan speed in advance to 2200 revolutions per minute, corresponding to a wind speed of 7 meters per second, to maintain the smoke and residue removal effect.

[0079] After printing is completed, the system extends the smoke and residue removal time by 8 minutes to thoroughly remove residual smoke and residue, shuts down all modules, and completes the entire process.

[0080] After testing and verification, the structure and method of this embodiment achieved a working condition recognition accuracy of 99.9%, a wind field adjustment response time of 0.08 seconds, a smoke residue rate of 0.8%, a waste residue rate of 0.04%, and the equipment operated continuously for 150 hours without failure. The printed titanium alloy parts were free of inclusions and porosity defects, and the surface roughness met the standards, fully satisfying the stringent requirements of the aerospace field.

[0081] Taking the stainless steel powder SLM 3D printing of Example 2 as an example, the powder particle size is 15 to 53 micrometers, the printing layer thickness is 80 micrometers, the laser power is 150 to 300 watts, the scanning speed is 800 to 1500 millimeters per second, and the printed part is a precision part planar structure.

[0082] The structural composition is the same as in Example 2, with only some parameters adjusted. The duct opening angle is adjusted to 45 degrees, the basic wind speed is adjusted to 4 to 5 meters per second, the ultrasonic frequency is adjusted to 60 kHz, and the smoke exhaust power is adjusted to 70% to adapt to the wind field requirements of planar printing.

[0083] After printing starts, the sensors collect parameters: laser power 250 watts, scanning speed 1200 mm / s, powder particle size 50 micrometers, printing temperature 80 degrees Celsius, smoke concentration 5 grams per cubic meter, waste residue thickness 2.4 micrometers, and powder material 17-4PH stainless steel. The operating condition recognition algorithm identifies it as a normal load condition and calls the basic wind field parameters for a normal load level.

[0084] The main control unit adjusts the air duct to directional airflow mode, the guide vane 10 has an opening angle of 45 degrees, and the variable frequency fan 9 speed is adjusted to 1500 revolutions per minute, corresponding to a wind speed of 4.5 meters per second. The airflow is stable and uniform, avoiding powder splashing that could affect printing accuracy.

[0085] The smoke extraction and slag removal systems work in tandem, with main and auxiliary smoke extraction channels working together to remove smoke, and an ultrasonic slag removal component removing waste from the surface of the printed parts. Monitoring feedback showed a smoke residue rate of 0.7% and a waste residue rate of 0.03%, both meeting standards. After printing, the smoke extraction and slag removal time was extended by 5 minutes to complete the cleaning process.

[0086] Tests have verified that this embodiment is suitable for stainless steel flat surface printing, with stable airflow and thorough smoke and slag removal. The printed precision parts meet the forming accuracy standards, have no surface defects, and the equipment can run continuously for 200 hours without failure. It is easy to operate without manual intervention and fully meets the needs of the precision manufacturing field.

[0087] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for controlling and treating flue gas exhaust and slag removal in wind farms based on SLM3D printing, characterized in that, include: During the preparation phase, the system automatically completes self-checks of the multi-dimensional operating condition identification module, the reconfigurable adaptive wind field module, the smoke exhaust and ash removal collaborative enhancement module, and the full-process intelligent closed-loop control module. The operator writes the data into a print file, and the system calls the corresponding basic wind field parameters to complete the wind field initialization settings. In the working condition identification and prediction stage, the multi-dimensional working condition identification module collects parameters such as laser power and scanning speed, powder particle size, powder material, printing temperature, smoke concentration, and waste residue thickness in real time. Through the working condition identification and prediction algorithm, it automatically identifies the current printing working condition and predicts the subsequent trend, and transmits the working condition data to the intelligent main control unit. During the dynamic adjustment phase of the wind field, the intelligent main control unit outputs wind field adjustment commands based on the operating condition identification results. The reconfigurable adaptive wind field module executes the adjustment operation, automatically adjusting the guide vane angle and fan speed, reconstructing the wind field shape, and adjusting the wind speed and direction. During the coordinated operation of smoke exhaust and slag removal, the smoke exhaust and slag removal enhancement module is activated, and the main smoke exhaust channel and auxiliary smoke exhaust channel work together to automatically adjust the smoke exhaust power according to the smoke concentration. The ultrasonic slag removal component is activated according to the waste slag thickness signal to remove waste slag from the surface of the printed parts. During the closed-loop control and optimization phase, the effect monitoring module monitors the smoke concentration and waste residue thickness in real time and feeds the data back to the intelligent main control unit. The main control unit compares the preset thresholds and automatically fine-tunes the wind field parameters and smoke and slag removal power. Upon completion of the printing process, the system automatically extends the smoke and ash removal time, automatically records operating parameters, wind field adjustment parameters, and smoke and ash removal effect data, and then shuts down all modules.

2. A system for controlling and treating flue gas exhaust and slag removal based on SLM3D printing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes a multi-dimensional operating condition identification module, a reconfigurable adaptive wind field module, a smoke exhaust and ash removal collaborative enhancement module, and a full-process intelligent closed-loop control module; The multi-dimensional working condition identification module includes a sensor array and a working condition identification and prediction algorithm. The sensor array includes a laser power and scanning speed sensor (1), a powder particle size sensor (2), a powder material sensor (6), a temperature sensor (3), a smoke concentration sensor (4), and a waste residue thickness sensor (5). The reconfigurable adaptive wind field module includes a modular reconfigurable air duct (7), a micro servo drive assembly (8), an intrinsically safe variable frequency fan (9), guide vanes (10), an airflow rectification assembly (11), a dust filter (12), a pressure sensor (13), and a wind speed sensor (14). The flue gas exhaust and slag removal synergistic enhancement module includes a main flue gas exhaust channel (15), an auxiliary flue gas exhaust channel (16), a high-efficiency filter component (17), and an ultrasonic slag removal component (18). The full-process intelligent closed-loop control module includes an intelligent main control unit, a closed-loop control algorithm, an intelligent optimization algorithm, a fault self-diagnosis module, and backup components.

3. The wind farm flue gas and slag removal control and treatment system based on SLM3D printing as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The laser power and scanning speed sensor (1) is arranged close to the laser head motion axis, the powder particle size sensor (2) is arranged near the powder feeding scraper mechanism, the powder material sensor (6) is arranged near the powder feeding mechanism, the temperature sensor (3) and the smoke concentration sensor (4) are arranged in a triangular layout in the upper space of the printing chamber, and the waste residue thickness sensor (5) is arranged in the upper space of the printing chamber.

4. The wind farm flue gas and slag removal control and treatment system based on SLM3D printing as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The operating condition identification and prediction algorithm is built into the intelligent main control unit. Based on a deep learning model, it analyzes and processes the collected multi-dimensional operating condition parameters, automatically identifies core operating conditions such as printing material, printing thickness, and laser power, and predicts the trend of subsequent operating condition changes by combining historical printing data, and outputs wind field adjustment instructions in advance.

5. The wind farm flue gas and slag removal control and treatment system based on SLM3D printing as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The operating condition identification and prediction algorithm divides the printing operating conditions into five levels: low load, normal load, medium-high load, high load, and extreme load. Each level corresponds to preset wind field parameters.

6. The wind farm flue gas exhaust and slag removal control and treatment system based on SLM3D printing as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The modular reconfigurable air duct (7) is located on the top and sides of the printing chamber and has a multi-branch parallel tubular structure. Each branch air duct is connected to the main body through a quick-connect interface. The number of channels can be flexibly increased or decreased according to the size of the printing chamber to realize two working modes: directional air field and focused air field.

7. The wind farm flue gas exhaust and slag removal control and treatment system based on SLM3D printing as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The micro servo drive component (8) is installed at the branch node of the air duct and is coupled with the drive shaft of the guide vane (10) through the internal reduction mechanism to achieve high-precision angle positioning. The angle adjustment range is 0 to 60 degrees.

8. The wind farm flue gas and slag removal control and treatment system based on SLM3D printing as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The intrinsically safe variable frequency fan (9) is independently arranged in a sealed compartment at the bottom or side of the equipment, and is connected by a vibration-damping base and a flexible joint. The speed is infinitely adjustable within the range of 0 to 3000 revolutions per minute. The airflow rectification component (11) is installed upstream of the micro servo drive component (8) and adopts a honeycomb or porous grid structure to convert turbulence into uniform laminar flow. The dust filter (12) is installed upstream of the airflow rectification component (11) and is arranged at an angle. It adopts a metal sintered mesh or high-precision fiber filter material.

9. The wind farm flue gas and slag removal control and treatment system based on SLM3D printing as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The main exhaust channel (15) is located on the right side of the printing chamber, with a large diameter and a gradually expanding horn-shaped opening; the auxiliary exhaust channel (16) is located on the top of the printing chamber, with an upward orientation and a diameter slightly smaller than the main exhaust channel (15); the high-efficiency filter assembly (17) is connected in series at the rear end of the main exhaust channel (15) and the auxiliary exhaust channel (16), with a filtration accuracy of 0.1 micrometers.

10. The wind farm flue gas and slag removal control and treatment system based on SLM3D printing as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The ultrasonic slag removal component is embedded in the top or side wall of the printing chamber, and the transducer array is rigidly coupled to the metal substrate of the chamber or uses an independent cantilever probe facing the molding cylinder to emit high-frequency vibrations of 20 to 80 kHz.

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