Chuck mechanism and laser cutting clamping device

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of laser cutting equipment technology, and discloses a chuck mechanism and laser cutting clamping device, including a limiting cylinder, a rotating body, a supporting base, a jaw mechanism, a gear transmission mechanism, a clutch-type double-arc internal gear ring mechanism, a pneumatic drive unit, and laser cutting clamping components. The clutch-type double-arc internal gear ring mechanism consists of upper and lower arc-shaped gear rings, left and right arc-shaped gear rings, and a pneumatic clutch. A pin-type micro-cylinder controls the locking and disengagement of the two sets of arc-shaped gear rings, achieving switching between four-jaw full-ring synchronous and two-by-two independent synchronous modes. Four sets of distributed pneumatic drive units synchronously drive the jaws via a gear transmission mechanism, outputting wide gears that simultaneously mesh with the arc-shaped gear rings and gear plates, integrating drive and synchronization functions. The limiting cylinder has three layered annular air channels inside, which, together with a sealing ring, achieve rotational air distribution, independently controlling the transverse jaws, longitudinal jaws, and the clutch mechanism. This invention's single chuck is compatible with clamping round, square, and rectangular tubes across their entire cross-section, achieving high synchronization accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser cutting equipment technology, specifically relating to a chuck mechanism and a laser cutting clamping device. Background Technology

[0002] Laser tube cutting machines are core equipment in metal tube processing and are widely used in industries such as engineering machinery, automobile manufacturing, steel structures, and furniture hardware. The chuck, as a key functional component for tube clamping and rotation drive, directly determines the processing quality and production efficiency of the tube cutting machine through its clamping accuracy, synchronization performance, cross-section adaptability, and ease of maintenance.

[0003] Existing four-jaw synchronous chucks generally adopt a four-jaw equal displacement synchronous structure, which can only be used for round and square tubes. For rectangular tubes (rectangular cross-sections with varying lengths and widths), the required clamping strokes of the upper and lower jaws are different from those of the left and right jaws. Equal speed synchronization will result in one pair of jaws being clamped while the other pair is suspended, making reliable clamping impossible. Some solutions adopt a "pair-by-pair synchronization" structure, that is, the upper and lower pairs and the left and right pairs are synchronized separately. However, such chucks are fixed in a pair-by-pair synchronization mode and cannot be switched to four-jaw synchronization. When machining round and square tubes, the centering accuracy is not as good as the four-jaw full-ring synchronization solution. This results in users needing to equip themselves with two different chucks or frequently changing chucks, leading to high production costs and low efficiency.

[0004] For example, Chinese patent CN210099385U discloses a two-pair linkage self-centering chuck for a pipe cutting machine, which adopts a structure in which two pairs of jaws are linked separately. It can clamp rectangular pipes, but it cannot switch to a four-jaw synchronous mode, which limits the centering accuracy of round pipe processing. Another example is the double internal gear ring chuck disclosed in CN202310993548, which sets two independent synchronous mechanisms to drive the upper and lower and left and right jaws respectively. However, it is a fixed double synchronous structure and does not have the ability to switch modes. Moreover, the drive and synchronous mechanisms are separate, resulting in a long transmission chain and large accumulated gaps. In addition, some single power source and internal gear ring separate drive schemes have high synchronization accuracy, but the driving force is limited by the single power source, and the clamping force of thick-walled heavy pipes is insufficient. The four-cylinder independent drive scheme has a large clamping force, but the four jaws are not synchronized, the centering accuracy is poor, the rotational runout of the pipe is large, and the cutting bevel error is large.

[0005] Meanwhile, the full-stroke pneumatic chuck disclosed in CN116460457A uses multi-stage gear relay transmission, but it is a single-power synchronous architecture, which is insufficient for heavy-duty clamping force. Moreover, the pneumatic air distribution of existing chucks mostly uses external rotary joints with hose connections, resulting in a bulky structure and large axial dimensions, leading to a long dead zone for pipe clamping and serious waste of tail material; and if the control elements on the rotating parts are electrically controlled, there are also reliability issues such as wire entanglement and brush wear. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a chuck mechanism and a laser cutting clamping device, which solves the technical problems in the related art where existing chucks cannot switch between four-jaw synchronization and two-jaw synchronization, cannot be used to clamp round tubes, square tubes and rectangular tubes, cannot achieve both synchronization accuracy and heavy-duty clamping force, and have a bulky rotary gas distribution structure.

[0007] This invention provides a chuck mechanism and a laser cutting clamping device, including a limiting cylinder and a rotating body nested outside the limiting cylinder. The limiting cylinder has a through hollow hole at its center. A support base is fixed to the front end face of the rotating body. A claw mechanism is slidably mounted on the support base. A gear transmission mechanism is installed between the rotating body and the support base. The gear transmission mechanism meshes with a clutch-type double-arc internal gear ring mechanism. Both the gear transmission mechanism and the clutch-type double-arc internal gear ring mechanism are linked and cooperate with a pneumatic drive unit. A laser cutting clamping component is provided behind the limiting cylinder. The clutch-type double-arc internal gear ring mechanism includes upper and lower arc segment gear rings, left and right arc segment gear rings, and clutch components connected to both respectively. The upper and lower arc segment gear rings and the left and right arc segment gear rings are coaxially arranged and can rotate relative to each other. The clutch components are located at the outer periphery of the two sets of arc segment gear rings and are used to control the locking and unlocking of the two sets of arc segment gear rings. The claw mechanism comprises four groups, arranged symmetrically in pairs along the circumference of the support base. Each group of claw mechanisms is equipped with a pneumatic drive unit. The drive unit includes a drive cylinder, a rotary locking rod, a toothed plate, and an air passage unit. The air passage unit is linked and cooperates with the drive cylinder and the clutch. The toothed plate is fixedly connected to the claw mechanism and arranged radially along the support base.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, a bearing ball is fitted around the outer periphery of the limiting cylinder, the bearing ball abuts against the inner wall of the rotating body and slides in fit, a rotating gear is welded to the outer peripheral surface of the rear end of the rotating body, the rotating gear meshes with the motor gear and rotates in fit, the motor gear is connected to the motor output end, the motor is fixed to the mounting bracket by bolts, and the mounting bracket is fixed to the rear end face of the limiting cylinder by bolts.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the inner side of the front end face of the rotating body is symmetrically provided with a plurality of connecting ears, the support base plate is fitted into the inner side of the rotating body and fixed to the connecting ears by bolts, the front end face of the support base plate is symmetrically provided with two sets of claw sliding grooves, the two sides of the claw sliding grooves are symmetrically fixed with clamping edges by bolts, and the rear end face of the toothed plate is engaged between the clamping edges and the support base plate and is radially slidingly fitted.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the jaw mechanism includes jaws, which include longitudinal jaws and transverse jaws, which are staggered in plane and the transverse jaws are located on the outside. The jaws are provided with a fixed arm, which is a Y-shaped structure. One end of the fixed arm is fixed to the outer end face of the toothed plate by bolts, and the other end is connected to a roller and rotates in cooperation with it.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, the gear transmission mechanism includes a linkage gear, a driving gear, a linkage rod, and a clamping gear. The linkage gear has a driving gear at its front end and a driven gear at its rear end, which are welded together by a round rod. One end of the round rod and the driving gear both pass through the support base and are rotatably engaged. The driving gear and the clamping gear are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the gear plate and mesh with each other for transmission.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the center of the driving gear rotates and engages with one end of the fixing rod, and the other end of the fixing rod is fixed to the rotating body by screws. The driving gear meshes with the driven gear for transmission. The linkage rod is welded to the rear end face of the driving gear and the welding point is located at an eccentric position. The rotating body is provided with an arc-shaped through hole, and the linkage rod passes through the arc-shaped through hole and slides in fit.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the upper and lower arc-shaped gear rings are located on the rear side. The rear end faces of the upper and lower arc-shaped gear rings and the front end faces of the left and right arc-shaped gear rings are both provided with annular grooves. Circular protrusions are provided at symmetrical positions with the annular grooves. The two are fitted together and rotated together. The annular protrusions are respectively provided on the rear end face of the support base and the side wall of the rotating body. The upper and lower sides of the upper and lower arc-shaped gear rings are respectively meshed with longitudinally symmetrically arranged passive gears, while the left and right sides of the left and right arc-shaped gear rings are respectively meshed with transversely symmetrically arranged passive gears.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the clutch includes a locking plate, a pin, and a miniature cylinder. The locking plate is symmetrically welded to the outer periphery of the upper and lower arc-shaped gear rings and the left and right arc-shaped gear rings, respectively. The locking plate is provided with a locking hole. One end of the pin passes through the locking hole and is slidably engaged, while the other end extends into the miniature cylinder and connects to the cylinder piston. The cylinder piston divides the miniature cylinder into a rodless chamber and an air chamber. A return spring abuts against the inner side of the rodless chamber.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, one end of the rotary locking rod is fixed to the side wall of the rotating body, and the other end is engaged with the tail of the drive cylinder and rotates in cooperation with it. The output end of the drive cylinder is engaged with one end of the linkage rod and rotates in cooperation with it. The air passage unit includes a cylinder drive air passage, a clutch drive air passage, a cylinder air passage connector, a clutch air passage connector, and a sealing ring. The first two are distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the limiting cylinder, and the latter two are installed on the rear end face of the limiting cylinder. The cylinder drive air passage includes a transverse claw drive air passage and a longitudinal claw drive air passage, with the former located behind the limiting cylinder compared to the latter. The transverse claw drive air passage, the longitudinal claw drive air passage, and the clutch drive air passage... The depth of the channels gradually increases to connect with and isolate from the cylinder air passage connector and clutch air passage connector. The transverse claw drive air passage connects to and controls a pair of drive cylinders of the transverse claw through an air pipe installed on the rotating body, while the longitudinal claw drive air passage connects to and controls a pair of drive cylinders of the longitudinal claw through an air pipe installed on the rotating body. The clutch drive air passage connects to the air chamber of the micro cylinder through an air pipe. The sealing rings are spaced apart between and on both sides of the cylinder drive air passage and the clutch drive air passage. The sealing rings are fitted into the inner wall of the rotating body and rotate to ensure that the rotating body isolates the air passages from each other and from the outside world while rotating.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the laser cutting clamping component includes a base, a slide rail, a hydraulic cylinder push rod, a slider, and a rear clamping plate. The front chuck mechanism is fixed to the front end of the base by a mounting bracket. The slide rail is symmetrically fixed to the top surface of the base. The slider is fitted into the slide rail and slides. The tail end of the hydraulic cylinder push rod is fixed to the base by bolts, and the output end is fixed to the rear end face of the slider by bolts. The rear clamping plate adopts the same clutch-type double-arc internal gear ring synchronous structure as the front chuck mechanism. The difference is that the clamping end of the rear clamping plate is set as a non-slip clamping plate. The clamping surface of the clamping plate is attached to a rubber plate to prevent the workpiece from sliding axially when clamping the end of the workpiece, so as to cooperate with the axial movement of the workpiece during laser cutting.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes a clutch-type double-arc internal gear ring mechanism to control the locking and disengagement of the upper and lower arc-shaped gear rings and the left and right arc-shaped gear rings. This allows a single chuck to switch between two modes: four-jaw full-ring synchronous and two-by-two independent synchronous. For round and square tubes, four-jaw synchronous is used to ensure centering accuracy, while for rectangular tubes, two-by-two synchronous is used to adapt to different length and width cross sections. This allows for the coverage of all types of tubes without changing the chuck, significantly reducing equipment investment costs and achieving multi-purpose clamping. This invention utilizes a distributed arrangement of four pneumatic drive units, coupled with a gear transmission mechanism and a double-arc internal gear ring, to achieve a clamping force that is superimposed by four cylinders, significantly improving clamping force compared to a single-power solution. Simultaneously, the arc-segment gear ring enables mechanical forced synchronization, ensuring high repeatability and positioning accuracy of the four jaws. The linkage gears simultaneously mesh with the arc-segment gear ring and the gear plate, integrating drive and synchronization functions into the same transmission chain. This results in minimal cumulative transmission backlash, high transmission efficiency, and a balance between heavy-duty clamping force and high-precision synchronization.

[0018] This invention achieves rotary air distribution through a multi-channel air distribution unit built into the limiting cylinder in conjunction with a sealing ring. The transverse claw drive air channel, longitudinal claw drive air channel, and clutch drive air channel are integrated into a fixed limiting cylinder. The air path is isolated in layers through the air channel design of different depths, eliminating the need for external hoses and large rotary joints. The overall axial dimension of the chuck is significantly shortened, the dead zone of pipe clamping is significantly reduced, and waste of tail material is reduced. Moreover, the clutch is pneumatically driven by a micro cylinder, and the control air is delivered through the rotary air distribution system throughout the process, completely avoiding the wire entanglement problem caused by the electronic control of the rotating parts, resulting in higher reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the front chuck mechanism of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the rotating body of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the limiting cylinder of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the claw mechanism of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the support base of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the gear transmission mechanism of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the clutch-type double-arc internal gear ring mechanism of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the clutch-type double-arc internal gear ring mechanism component structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of the miniature cylinder of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of the pneumatic drive unit of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a structural diagram of the laser cutting clamping component of the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Limiting cylinder; 11. Hollow through hole; 12. Bearing ball; 2. Rotating body; 21. Rotating gear; 22. Motor gear; 23. Motor; 24. Mounting bracket; 25. Connecting ear; 3. Support base plate; 31. Claw groove; 32. Clamping edge; 4. Claw mechanism; 41. Claw; 401. Longitudinal claw; 402. Transverse claw; 42. Fixed arm; 43. Roller; 5. Gear transmission mechanism; 51. Linkage gear; 501. Driving gear; 502. Driven gear; 503. Round rod; 52. Driving gear; 521. Fixed rod; 53. Linkage rod; 531. Arc-shaped through hole; 54. Clamping gear; 6. Clutch-type double-arc internal gear ring mechanism; 61. Upper and lower arc segment gear ring; 62. Left and right arc 63. Gear ring; 64. Circular groove; 65. Circular protrusion; 66. Locking plate; 67. Locking hole; 68. Pin; 69. Miniature cylinder; 60. Cylinder piston; 61. Rodless chamber; 62. Air chamber; 63. Return spring; 70. Pneumatic drive unit; 71. Drive cylinder; 72. Rotary locking rod; 73. Gear plate; 74. Cylinder drive air passage; 75. Lateral jaw drive air passage; 76. Longitudinal jaw drive air passage; 77. Clutch drive air passage; 78. Cylinder air passage connector; 79. Clutch air passage connector; 80. Sealing ring; 81. Laser cutting clamping component; 82. Machine base; 83. Slide rail; 84. Hydraulic cylinder push rod; 85. Slider; 86. Rear clamping plate; 87. Clamping plate; 88. Rubber plate. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the invention.

[0030] Example 1 like Figures 1-12As shown, a chuck mechanism and laser cutting clamping device include a limiting cylinder 1 and a rotating body 2 nested outside the limiting cylinder 1. The limiting cylinder 1 is a fixed cylindrical component with a through-hole 11 in the center, allowing the pipe to pass through from the rear end and extend from the front end. Multiple rings of bearing balls 12 are embedded around the outer periphery of the limiting cylinder 1. The bearing balls 12 abut against the inner wall of the rotating body 2 and slide in fit, allowing the rotating body 2 to rotate freely around the limiting cylinder 1 and provide radial support. A rotary gear 21 is welded to the outer peripheral surface of the rear end of the rotating body 2. The rotary gear 21 meshes with a motor gear 22 and rotates in fit. The motor gear 22 is connected to the output end of a motor 23. The motor 23 is fixed to a mounting bracket 24 by bolts, and the mounting bracket 24 is fixed to the rear end face of the limiting cylinder 1 by bolts. When the motor 23 is running, the motor gear 22 drives the rotary gear 21 to rotate, thereby driving the entire rotating body 2 and its front clamping components to rotate synchronously, realizing the rotary cutting motion of the pipe.

[0031] The rotating body 2 has several symmetrical connecting ears 25 on the inner side of its front end face. The support base 3 is fitted into the inner side of the rotating body 2 and fixed to the connecting ears 25 by bolts, rotating synchronously with the rotating body 2. The support base 3 is a disc-shaped plate with two sets of cross-shaped claw grooves 31 symmetrically arranged on its front end face, corresponding to the vertical and horizontal directions respectively. Clamping edges 32 are symmetrically fixed to both sides of the claw grooves 31 by bolts, forming a T-shaped groove structure. The rear end face of the toothed plate 73 is engaged between the clamping edge 32 and the support base 3 and can slide radially.

[0032] A claw mechanism 4 is slidably mounted on the support base 3. There are four sets of claw mechanisms 4, arranged symmetrically in pairs and evenly distributed at 90° intervals around the support base 3. Figure 5 As shown, the gripper mechanism 4 includes grippers 41, which are divided into longitudinal grippers 401 and transverse grippers 402. These two grippers are staggered in plan, with the transverse gripper 402 located on the outer side and the longitudinal gripper 401 on the inner side, to avoid interference during opening and closing movements. The gripper 41 has a fixed arm 42, which is a Y-shaped forked structure. One end is fixed to the outer end face of the toothed plate 73 by bolts, and the other end is connected to a roller 43 and rotatably engaged. The axis of the roller 43 is perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. When clamping the pipe, the roller 43 forms rolling contact with the pipe wall, providing radial clamping force while allowing the pipe to slide and be fed axially.

[0033] A gear transmission mechanism 5 is installed between the rotating body 2 and the supporting base 3. The gear transmission mechanism 5 meshes with a clutch-type double-arc internal gear ring mechanism 6. Both the gear transmission mechanism 5 and the clutch-type double-arc internal gear ring mechanism 6 are linked and cooperate with the pneumatic drive unit 7. Figure 7As shown, the gear transmission mechanism 5 includes a linkage gear 51, a driving gear 52, a linkage rod 53, and a clamping gear 54. The linkage gear 51 is a double gear structure, with a driving gear 501 at the front end and a driven gear 502 at the rear end, which are welded together by a round rod 503. The round rod 503 passes through the support base 3 and rotates with it, with the support base 3 providing rotational support. The driving gear 501 and the clamping gear 54 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the gear plate 73 and mesh with each other, that is, both sides of the gear plate 73 are machined with teeth, which mesh with the driving gear 501 and the clamping gear 54 respectively. The dual-sided gear drive makes the gear plate 73 subjected to balanced force and smooth movement without uneven load.

[0034] One end of a fixing rod 521 is nested in the center of the driving gear 52. The other end of the fixing rod 521 is fixed to the inner wall of the rotating body 2 by screws, providing a rotation fulcrum for the driving gear 52. The driving gear 52 meshes with the driven gear 502, transmitting the rotation of the driving gear 52 to the linkage gear 51. The linkage rod 53 is welded to the rear end face of the driving gear 52, and the welding point is located at an eccentric position, forming a crank structure. An arc-shaped through hole 531 is provided on the rear end panel of the rotating body 2. The linkage rod 53 passes through the arc-shaped through hole 531 and can slide along the hole. The arc length of the arc-shaped through hole 531 corresponds to the swing angle range of the driving gear 52, limiting the drive stroke.

[0035] like Figure 8 , Figure 10 As shown, the clutch-type double-arc internal gear ring mechanism 6 includes upper and lower arc-shaped gear rings 61, left and right arc-shaped gear rings 62, and clutch components connected to both. The upper and lower arc-shaped gear rings 61 are located at the rear and are C-shaped internal gear ring components containing upper and lower half-circle teeth; the left and right arc-shaped gear rings 62 are located at the front and are C-shaped internal gear ring components containing left and right half-circle teeth. Figure 9 The upper and lower arc-shaped gear rings 61 have annular grooves 63 on their rear ends and the left and right arc-shaped gear rings 62 have annular protrusions 631 symmetrically positioned with respect to the annular grooves 63. The annular protrusions 631 are fitted into the annular grooves 63 and rotate to provide coaxial guidance and axial positioning for the two sets of arc-shaped gear rings. The rear annular protrusion 631 is welded to the inner wall of the rotating body 2, and the front annular protrusion 631 is welded to the rear end face of the support base 3. The upper and lower sides of the upper and lower arc-shaped gear rings 61 mesh with two longitudinally symmetrically arranged driven gears 502, while the left and right sides of the left and right arc-shaped gear rings 62 mesh with two laterally symmetrically arranged driven gears 502.

[0036] The clutch mechanism is located at the outer periphery of the mating joint of two sets of arc-shaped gear rings, with two sets located at the left and right mating positions respectively. The clutch mechanism includes a locking plate 64, a pin 65, and a miniature cylinder 66. The locking plates 64 are symmetrically welded to the outer periphery mating joints of the upper and lower arc-shaped gear rings 61 and the left and right arc-shaped gear rings 62, with the two locking plates 64 on each side aligned. The locking plates 64 are provided with locking holes 641. One end of the pin 65 passes through the locking hole 641 and slides, while the other end extends into the miniature cylinder 66 and connects to the cylinder piston 661. The cylinder piston 661 divides the inner cavity of the miniature cylinder 66 into a rodless chamber 662 and an air chamber 663. A return spring 664 abuts against the inner side of the rodless chamber 662. When the air chamber 663 is ventilated, the air pressure pushes the cylinder piston 661 to compress the return spring 664, causing the pin 65 to retract from the locking hole 641, and the two sets of arc-shaped toothed rings are disengaged; when the air chamber 663 is de-ventilated, the return spring 664 pushes the cylinder piston 661 to reset, the pin 65 is inserted into the locking hole 641, and the upper and lower arc-shaped toothed rings 61 and the left and right arc-shaped toothed rings 62 are locked together to form a complete internal toothed ring.

[0037] like Figure 3 , Figure 11 As shown, each set of claw mechanisms 4 is equipped with a set of pneumatic drive units 7, for a total of four sets. The pneumatic drive unit 7 includes a drive cylinder 71, a rotary locking rod 72, a gear plate 73, and an air passage unit. One end of the rotary locking rod 72 is fixed to the side wall of the rotating body 2, and the other end is engaged with the tail of the drive cylinder 71 and rotates to form the tail hinge fulcrum of the cylinder. The output end of the drive cylinder 71 is engaged with the outer end of the linkage rod 53 and rotates to form the tail hinge fulcrum of the cylinder. When the drive cylinder 71 extends or retracts, it drives the drive gear 52 to swing around the fixed rod 521 through the linkage rod 53, and then drives the gear plate 73 to move radially through the gear transmission mechanism 5, thereby realizing the opening and closing of the claw 41.

[0038] The air duct unit is integrated and mounted on the fixed limiting cylinder 1, and is the core structure for achieving continuous air supply during rotation. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the air passage unit includes a cylinder drive air passage 74, a clutch drive air passage 75, a cylinder air passage connector 76, a clutch air passage connector 77, and a sealing ring 78. The cylinder drive air passage 74 and the clutch drive air passage 75 are annular air passages distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the limiting cylinder 1; the cylinder air passage connector 76 and the clutch air passage connector 77 are installed on the rear end face of the limiting cylinder 1 for connecting to an external air source.

[0039] The cylinder drive air passage 74 includes a transverse jaw drive air passage 741 and a longitudinal jaw drive air passage 742. The transverse jaw drive air passage 741 is located further back than the longitudinal jaw drive air passage 742 in the limiting cylinder 1, while the clutch drive air passage 75 is located at the front. The three annular air passages are arranged sequentially along the axial direction, with gradually increasing depth. They are connected to the corresponding air passage connectors through different radial depths, yet are also isolated from each other, forming a layered air distribution structure. The transverse jaw drive air passage 741 controls a pair of drive cylinders 71 of the transverse jaw 402 through an air pipe mounted on the rotating body 2. The longitudinal jaw drive air passage 742 controls a pair of drive cylinders 71 of the longitudinal jaw 401 through an air pipe. The clutch drive air passage 75 is connected to the air chamber 663 of the miniature cylinder 66 through an air pipe.

[0040] Sealing rings 78 are spaced apart between each annular air passage and on both sides. The sealing rings 78 are fitted into the sealing grooves on the inner wall of the rotating body 2 and rotate with the outer surface of the limiting cylinder 1, ensuring that while the rotating body 2 rotates, the air passages remain sealed and isolated from each other and from the outside, preventing air leakage. Three independent air paths control the transverse jaws, longitudinal jaws, and clutch mechanism respectively, allowing for independent pressure adjustment and operation.

[0041] like Figure 12 As shown, a laser cutting clamping component 8 is provided behind the limiting cylinder 1, forming a complete laser cutting clamping device system. The laser cutting clamping component 8 includes a base 81, a slide rail 82, a hydraulic cylinder push rod 83, a slider 84, and a rear clamping plate 85. The front chuck mechanism is fixed to the front end of the base 81 by a mounting bracket 24. The slide rail 82 is symmetrically fixed to the top surface of the base 81, and the slider 84 is fitted into the slide rail 82 and slides in cooperation. The tail end of the hydraulic cylinder push rod 83 is fixed to the rear end plate of the base 81 by bolts, and the output end is fixed to the rear end face of the slider 84 by bolts, driving the slider 84 to reciprocate axially along the slide rail 82.

[0042] The rear clamping plate 85 is mounted on the slider 84 and moves axially synchronously with the slider 84. The rear clamping plate 85 adopts the same clutch-type double-arc internal gear ring synchronous structure as the front chuck mechanism, and also has the ability to switch between four-jaw synchronous and two-by-two synchronous, ensuring concentric clamping by the front and rear chucks. The difference is that the clamping end of the rear clamping plate 85 is set as a non-slip clamping plate 851 instead of a roller structure. The clamping surface of the clamping plate 851 is attached to a rubber plate 852. The high friction of the rubber prevents the workpiece from sliding axially when clamping the end of the workpiece. Together with the roller support of the front chuck, it realizes the fixed pushing and stable feeding of the tube, so as to cooperate with the axial feed movement of the workpiece during laser cutting.

[0043] In another embodiment of the present invention, differentiated clamping is achieved through the independent pressure adjustment function of the air duct unit for pipes with different wall thicknesses and materials. Specifically, when clamping a thin-walled rectangular pipe, the clutch-driven air duct 75 is vented to activate the micro cylinder 66, causing the pin 65 to retract, and the upper and lower arc-shaped toothed rings 61 to separate from the left and right arc-shaped toothed rings 62, switching to a two-by-two synchronous mode. The transverse jaw drive air duct 741 and the longitudinal jaw drive air duct 742 are respectively connected to compressed air at different pressures. According to the aspect ratio and wall thickness distribution of the rectangular pipe, the longitudinal jaw 401 in the long side direction uses a higher clamping air pressure to ensure clamping, while the transverse jaw 402 in the short side direction uses a lower air pressure to avoid flattening. Through independent pressure adjustment, the clamping force in each direction is accurately matched, ensuring reliable clamping while protecting the thin-walled pipe from deformation. When clamping a round tube or a thick-walled square tube, the clutch-driven air passage 75 cuts off the air supply, the pin 65 extends and locks the two sets of arc-shaped toothed rings, switching to the four-jaw synchronous mode. The cylinder-driven air passage 74 supplies air uniformly, and the four jaws are forced to clamp synchronously to ensure high alignment accuracy.

[0044] It should be further explained that during the chuck rotation cutting process, the limiting cylinder 1 remains fixed, and the rotating body 2, driven by the motor 23, drives the support base 3, the jaw mechanism 4, the gear transmission mechanism 5, the clutch-type double-arc internal gear ring mechanism 6, and the pneumatic drive unit 7 to rotate as a whole. The three annular air passages, through the dynamic sealing effect of the sealing ring 78, continuously supply air to each drive cylinder 71 and the micro cylinder 66 during rotation, ensuring stable and undiminished clamping force. Since all control power is compressed air, and the air is distributed through the fixed limiting cylinder, there are no issues such as wire entanglement or brush wear, making it suitable for high-speed rotation conditions, with high reliability and long service life.

[0045] Working principle of the invention: When clamping a round or square tube under normal conditions, the clutch drive air passage 75 is de-aired. The return spring 664 pushes the cylinder piston 661, causing the pin 65 to extend and insert into the locking hole 641 of the locking plate 64, locking the upper and lower arc-shaped gear rings 61 and the left and right arc-shaped gear rings 62 into a complete internal gear ring. The chuck is in four-jaw synchronous mode. After the tube is fed in through the hollow through hole 11 of the limiting cylinder 1, the cylinder air passage connector 76 supplies air. Compressed air is distributed to the four sets of drive cylinders 71 through the cylinder drive air passage 74 and the air pipe on the rotating body 2. The piston rod of the drive cylinder 71 extends, pushing the linkage rod 53 to swing along the arc-shaped through hole 531, driving the drive gear 52 to rotate around the fixed rod 521. The drive gear 52 meshes with the driven gear 502, driving the linkage gear 51 to rotate. The drive gear 501 at the front end of the linkage gear 51 and the clamping gear 54 work together. On both sides of the meshing toothed plate 73, the driving toothed plate 73 slides radially inward along the pawl groove 31; at the same time, the inner gear ring of the whole ring in the meshing and locking state of the passive gear 502 transmits the rotation synchronously to the other three sets of gear transmission mechanisms 5 through the linkage of the upper and lower arc segment gear rings 61 and the left and right arc segment gear rings 62, so as to realize the forced synchronous feeding of the four pawls; the toothed plate 73 drives the fixed arm 42 and the pawl 41 to move synchronously towards the center, and the rollers 43 of the longitudinal pawl 401 and the transverse pawl 402 contact the pipe wall at the same time, and evenly clamp the pipe.

[0046] The motor 23 operates, driving the rotary gear 21 and the rotary body 2 to rotate via the motor gear 22. The bearing ball 12 provides rotational support between the limiting cylinder 1 and the rotary body 2. The sealing ring 78 maintains the dynamic seal between each annular air passage. During rotation, air is continuously supplied to maintain pressure. The chuck drives the pipe to rotate synchronously for laser cutting.

[0047] When clamping a rectangular tube, the clutch air port connector 77 supplies air, and compressed air is delivered to the air chamber 663 of the micro cylinder 66 through the clutch drive air port 75. This pushes the cylinder piston 661 to compress the return spring 664, causing the pin 65 to retract from the locking hole 641. The upper and lower arc-shaped toothed rings 61 and the left and right arc-shaped toothed rings 62 are decoupled along the guide of the annular groove 63 and the annular protrusion 631, switching to a two-to-two synchronous mode. At this time, the transverse claw drive air port 741 and the longitudinal claw drive air port 742 are supplied with air independently. The upper and lower drive cylinders 71 synchronously drive the longitudinal claw 401 through the upper and lower arc-shaped toothed rings 61, and the left and right drive cylinders 71 synchronously drive the transverse claw 402 through the left and right arc-shaped toothed rings 62. The two pairs of claws move independently, and the stroke and clamping force can be adjusted separately to adapt to the cross-sectional characteristics of the rectangular tube with different lengths and widths.

[0048] When the laser cutting clamping device is working, the front chuck mechanism is fixed to the front end of the machine base 81 by the mounting bracket 24, and the rear clamping plate 85 moves along the slide rail 82 with the slider 84. The hydraulic cylinder push rod 83 provides axial feeding power. The tube is clamped and fixed by the clamping plate 851 of the rear clamping plate 85 in conjunction with the rubber plate 852. The front end is supported by the roller 43 of the front chuck mechanism. The hydraulic cylinder push rod 83 pushes the slider 84 to drive the tube to feed axially. The roller 43 of the front chuck allows the tube to slide axially and provides radial centering support. The two work together to complete the feeding and rotary cutting. When processing ultra-long tubes, the front and rear chucks adopt the same clutch-type double arc internal gear ring synchronous structure to ensure concentricity. The three-point clamping effectively suppresses the sag of the tube and improves the cutting accuracy. When the pipe is released, the drive cylinder 71 retracts in the opposite direction, and through the linkage rod 53, the drive gear 52, and the linkage gear 51, it drives the toothed plate 73 and the chuck 41 to move radially outward, releasing the pipe and preparing for the next clamping cycle.

[0049] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A chuck mechanism and laser cutting clamping device, comprising a limiting cylinder (1) and a rotating body (2) nested outside the limiting cylinder (1), wherein the limiting cylinder (1) has a through hollow hole (11) at its center, characterized in that, The front end face of the rotating body (2) is fixed with a support base plate (3), and a claw mechanism (4) is slidably installed on the support base plate (3). A gear transmission mechanism (5) is installed between the rotating body (2) and the support base plate (3). The gear transmission mechanism (5) meshes with a clutch-type double arc internal gear ring mechanism (6). Both the gear transmission mechanism (5) and the clutch-type double arc internal gear ring mechanism (6) are linked and cooperated with the pneumatic drive unit (7). A laser cutting clamping part (8) is provided behind the limiting cylinder (1). The clutch-type double arc internal gear ring mechanism (6) includes upper and lower arc segment gear rings (61), left and right arc segment gear rings (62) and clutch components connected to both respectively. The upper and lower arc segment gear rings (61) and the left and right arc segment gear rings (62) are arranged coaxially and can rotate relative to each other. The clutch components are located at the outer periphery of the two sets of arc segment gear rings and are used to control the locking and disengaging of the two sets of arc segment gear rings. The claw mechanism (4) includes four groups, which are symmetrically arranged in pairs and circumferentially along the support base plate (3). Each group of claw mechanisms (4) is equipped with a set of pneumatic drive units (7). The drive unit (7) includes a drive cylinder (71), a rotary locking rod (72), a toothed plate (73), and an air passage unit. The air passage unit is linked and cooperates with the drive cylinder (71) and the clutch. The toothed plate (73) is fixedly connected to the claw mechanism (4) and arranged radially along the support base plate (3).

2. The chuck mechanism and laser cutting clamping device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting cylinder (1) has a bearing ball (12) embedded on its outer periphery. The bearing ball (12) abuts against the inner wall of the rotating body (2) and slides. A rotating gear (21) is welded to the outer periphery of the rear end of the rotating body (2). The rotating gear (21) meshes with the motor gear (22) and rotates. The motor gear (22) is connected to the output end of the motor (23). The motor (23) is fixed to the mounting bracket (24) by bolts. The mounting bracket (24) is fixed to the rear end face of the limiting cylinder (1) by bolts.

3. The chuck mechanism and laser cutting clamping device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rotating body (2) has several connecting ears (25) symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the front end face. The support base plate (3) is fitted into the inner side of the rotating body (2) and fixed to the connecting ears (25) by bolts. The front end face of the support base plate (3) is symmetrically provided with two sets of claw grooves (31). The two sides of the claw grooves (31) are symmetrically fixed with clamping edges (32) by bolts. The rear end face of the toothed plate (73) is engaged between the clamping edge (32) and the support base plate (3) and slides radially.

4. The chuck mechanism and laser cutting clamping device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The claw mechanism (4) includes a claw (41), which includes a longitudinal claw (401) and a transverse claw (402). The two are staggered in plane and the transverse claw (402) is located on the outside. The claw (41) is provided with a fixed arm (42). The fixed arm (42) has a Y-shaped structure. One end is fixed to the outer end face of the toothed plate (73) by bolts, and the other end is connected to a roller (43) and rotates in cooperation.

5. The chuck mechanism and laser cutting clamping device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gear transmission mechanism (5) includes a linkage gear (51), a driving gear (52), a linkage rod (53), and a clamping gear (54). The linkage gear (51) has a driving gear (501) at the front end and a driven gear (502) at the rear end. The two are welded together by a round rod (503). One end of the round rod (503) and the driving gear (501) both pass through the support base (3) and are rotatably engaged. The driving gear (501) and the clamping gear (54) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the tooth plate (73) and mesh for transmission.

6. The chuck mechanism and laser cutting clamping device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The center of the drive gear (52) rotates and engages with one end of the fixing rod (521). The other end of the fixing rod (521) is fixed to the rotating body (2) by screws. The drive gear (52) meshes with the driven gear (502) for transmission. The linkage rod (53) is welded to the rear end face of the drive gear (52) and the welding point is located at an eccentric position. The rotating body (2) is provided with an arc-shaped through hole (531). The linkage rod (53) passes through the arc-shaped through hole (531) and slides.

7. The chuck mechanism and laser cutting clamping device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The upper and lower arc segment gear rings (61) are located on the rear side. The rear end face of the upper and lower arc segment gear rings (61) and the front end face of the left and right arc segment gear rings (62) are provided with annular grooves (63). Annular protrusions (631) are provided symmetrically with the annular grooves (63). The two are fitted together and rotated together. The annular protrusions (631) are respectively provided on the rear end face of the support base (3) and the side wall of the rotating body (2). The upper and lower arc segment gear rings (61) are respectively meshed with the longitudinally symmetrically arranged passive gears (502) on the upper and lower sides, while the left and right arc segment gear rings (62) are respectively meshed with the transversely symmetrically arranged passive gears (502) on the left and right sides.

8. The chuck mechanism and laser cutting clamping device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The clutch includes a locking plate (64), a pin (65), and a miniature cylinder (66). The locking plate (64) is symmetrically welded to the outer periphery of the upper and lower arc-shaped gear rings (61) and the left and right arc-shaped gear rings (62). The locking plate (64) is provided with a locking hole (641). One end of the pin (65) passes through the locking hole (641) and is slidably engaged. The other end extends into the miniature cylinder (66) and connects to the cylinder piston (661). The cylinder piston (661) divides the miniature cylinder (66) into a rodless chamber (662) and an air chamber (663). A return spring (664) abuts against the inside of the rodless chamber (662).

9. A chuck mechanism and laser cutting clamping device according to claim 8, characterized in that, One end of the rotating locking rod (72) is fixed to the side wall of the rotating body (2), and the other end is fitted into the tail of the driving cylinder (71) and rotates in cooperation. The output end of the driving cylinder (71) is fitted into one end of the linkage rod (53) and rotates in cooperation. The air passage unit includes a cylinder driving air passage (74), a clutch driving air passage (75), a cylinder air passage connector (76), a clutch air passage connector (77), and a sealing ring (78). The first two are distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the limiting cylinder (1), and the latter two are installed on the rear end face of the limiting cylinder (1). The cylinder driving air passage (74) includes a transverse claw driving air passage (741) and a longitudinal claw driving air passage (742), with the former located behind the limiting cylinder (1) compared to the latter. The depths of the transverse claw driving air passage (741), the longitudinal claw driving air passage (742), and the clutch driving air passage (75) gradually increase. The depth is such that it can be connected to and isolated from the cylinder air passage connector (76) and clutch air passage connector (77). The transverse claw drive air passage (741) is connected to and controls a pair of drive cylinders (71) of the transverse claw (402) through an air pipe installed on the rotary body (2). The longitudinal claw drive air passage (742) is connected to and controls a pair of drive cylinders (71) of the longitudinal claw (401) through an air pipe installed on the rotary body (2). The clutch drive air passage (75) is connected to the air chamber (663) of the micro cylinder (66) through an air pipe. The sealing ring (78) is spaced between the cylinder drive air passage (74) and the clutch drive air passage (75) and on both sides. The sealing ring (78) fits into the inner wall of the rotary body (2) and rotates to ensure that the rotary body (2) is isolated from each air passage and the outside world while rotating.

10. A chuck mechanism and laser cutting clamping device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The laser cutting clamping component (8) includes a base (81), a slide rail (82), a hydraulic cylinder push rod (83), a slider (84), and a rear clamping plate (85). The front chuck mechanism is fixed to the front end of the base (81) by a mounting bracket (24). The slide rail (82) is symmetrically fixed on the top surface of the base (81). The slider (84) is fitted into the slide rail (82) and slides. The tail of the hydraulic cylinder push rod (83) is fixed to the base (81) by bolts, and the output end is fixed to the rear end face of the slider (84) by bolts. The rear clamping plate (85) adopts the same clutch-type double arc internal gear ring synchronous structure as the front chuck mechanism. The difference is that the clamping end of the rear clamping plate (85) is set as a non-slip clamping plate (851). The clamping surface of the clamping plate (851) is attached to a rubber plate (852) to prevent the workpiece from sliding axially when clamping the end of the workpiece, so as to cooperate with the axial movement of the workpiece during laser cutting.

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