A laser cutting adaptive compensation system and method for decorative board

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of decorative board laser cutting adaptive compensation system and method.The system includes: the slide table of drive motor configuration, the laser cutting head assembly of zoom collimation module and composite nozzle mechanism being installed on the slide table, gas path control module including gas curtain proportional valve, sensor device including non-contact displacement sensor and controller.Controller outputs target gas pressure according to predicted dynamic upwarp deformation, drives annular gas curtain cavity to form non-contact down pressure field, and controls laser cutting head assembly height and actual focal point displacement according to residual deformation amount.The application can eliminate transient thermal deformation while avoiding scratching the surface decoration texture of plate by non-contact pneumatic down pressure and light machine coordinated fine tuning, ensure focal depth precision and eliminate cutting seam distortion and hanging slag.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of laser processing equipment control, and specifically to an adaptive compensation system and method for laser cutting of decorative panels applied to thin-walled metal decorative panels. Background Technology

[0002] When laser-cutting textured metal decorative sheets such as brushed stainless steel and mirror-finished sheets with a thickness of 0.5mm to 2.0mm, the thinness of the sheet and the large variation in surface reflectivity make it susceptible to localized warping due to transient heat input during processing. Currently, the servo control system of conventional laser cutting machines relies on a capacitive sensor installed at the nozzle end to measure the distance between the nozzle and the sheet. When the thin-walled sheet warps locally due to heat, the capacitive sensor detects a decrease in the distance, and the servo system drives the Z-axis servo motor to lift the entire cutting head to prevent collision.

[0003] Existing purely passive mechanical lifting control schemes have shortcomings. While existing technologies, such as Chinese patent CN108890126A which discloses a pneumatically assisted flattening device, and Chinese patent CN109014595A which discloses a voice coil motor-driven optical zoom system, fail to address the system-level integration issue of non-contact compensation for decorative panels, capacitive signals are susceptible to interference from the dielectric constant of the decorative surface coating and plasma clouds generated during cutting, leading to lag or misjudgment of lifting commands at the hardware level. The mechanical lifting action only maintains the relative distance between the nozzle and the panel surface; the actual upward tilting of the panel causes the actual cutting focus to shift within the material, resulting in a wider kerf, slag buildup, and damage to the decorative texture on the back of the panel. To prevent surface scratches, traditional mechanical contact mechanisms such as roller pressing cannot be used to suppress this type of thermal deformation for textured decorative panels. Existing follow-up systems struggle to balance surface protection and focus accuracy when processing thin-walled decorative panels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application addresses the problems of focal point shift and reduced cut quality caused by thermal deformation in existing laser cutting follow-up systems when processing thin-walled decorative panels, and the inability to perform mechanical contact flattening. It provides an adaptive compensation system and method for laser cutting of decorative panels.

[0005] This application provides an adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels, comprising: a slide table equipped with a drive motor; a laser cutting head assembly mounted on the slide table, the laser cutting head assembly including a zoom collimation module and a composite nozzle mechanism, the composite nozzle mechanism including a central cutting nozzle and an annular air curtain cavity nested around the central cutting nozzle, the annular air curtain cavity having spray holes that converge and tilt downwards towards the central cutting nozzle; an air path control module including an air curtain proportional valve communicating with the annular air curtain cavity; a sensor for acquiring initial height data and initial contour data of the panel in front of the cutting point; and a controller. The controller is electrically connected to the sensor, the air path control module, and the drive motor, respectively. It acquires the initial height data of the sheet material, calculates the transient heat input based on pre-configured process and material parameters, predicts the dynamic upward warping deformation of the sheet material, outputs a target air pressure to the air curtain proportional valve based on the dynamic upward warping deformation, drives the annular air curtain cavity to eject gas to form a non-contact downward pressure field on the sheet material, and controls the drive motor to adjust the overall height of the laser cutting head assembly based on the uncompensated residual deformation, while simultaneously controlling the zoom collimation module to fine-tune the actual cutting focal point displacement. The sensor includes a non-contact displacement sensor located at a preset distance in front of the laser cutting head assembly's movement trajectory.

[0006] Furthermore, the nozzles include multiple nozzles, which are arranged in a ring array along the bottom of the annular air curtain cavity, and the central axes of the multiple nozzles converge and extend toward the axis of the central cutting nozzle.

[0007] Furthermore, a first angle of 15° to 45° is formed between the central axis of each of the nozzles and the axis of the central cutting nozzle. The angle of the first angle is set to 15°-30°. The gas ejected from the multiple nozzles converges around the cutting focal point to form the non-contact downward pressure field in the shape of an inverted frustum.

[0008] Furthermore, the process parameters include laser power, cutting speed, and plate thickness, and the material parameters include thermal absorptivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and bending stiffness coefficient. The controller is configured to calculate the transient heat input based on the laser power, the cutting speed, the plate thickness, and the thermal absorptivity, and to predict the dynamic upward warping deformation in front of the cutting point by combining the coefficient of thermal expansion and the bending stiffness coefficient.

[0009] Furthermore, the zoom collimation module is internally equipped with a voice coil motor without inertia delay and a lens group that is drivenly connected to the voice coil motor without inertia delay. The voice coil motor without inertia delay is electrically connected to the controller. The controller is configured to, after compensating for the main deformation portion of the dynamic upward deformation amount through the non-contact downward pressure field, extract the remaining deformation portion that has not been offset as the residual deformation, and convert the residual deformation into an optical axis displacement command and send it to the voice coil motor without inertia delay to drive the lens group to move along the optical axis to change the cutting focal depth.

[0010] This application embodiment also provides a control method for an adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels, applied to the aforementioned adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels, comprising: acquiring initial height data and initial contour data of the panel in front of the cutting point; calculating the transient heat input based on the process parameters and the material parameters, and predicting the dynamic upward warping deformation based on the initial contour data; generating a control signal based on the dynamic upward warping deformation and sending it to the air curtain proportional valve; adjusting the gas input to the annular air curtain cavity, driving the annular air curtain cavity to spray gas onto the surface of the panel and form the non-contact downward pressure field; acquiring the residual deformation after the non-contact downward pressure field, controlling the drive motor to adjust the overall height of the laser cutting head assembly, and controlling the zoom collimation module to fine-tune the actual cutting focal point displacement.

[0011] Further, the step of calculating the transient heat input based on the process parameters and the material parameters, and predicting the dynamic upward warping deformation based on the initial contour data, includes: extracting the laser power value and cutting speed value from the process parameters, and extracting the thermal absorptivity from the material parameters; calculating the transient heat input per unit length of the cut based on the laser power value, the cutting speed value, the acquired plate thickness data, and the thermal absorptivity; and calculating the dynamic upward warping deformation at the current cutting position based on the thermal expansion coefficient and bending stiffness coefficient from the material parameters, and an empirical correction coefficient established based on a preset surface texture, combined with the transient heat input.

[0012] Further, the step of generating a control signal based on the dynamic upward deformation and sending it to the air curtain proportional valve includes: establishing a deformation amount versus air pressure cancellation response curve; determining an air curtain downpressure value that can cancel a first preset proportion of deformation based on the deformation amount versus air pressure cancellation response curve; converting the air curtain downpressure value into an analog voltage signal and outputting it to the air curtain proportional valve, instructing the gas ejected from the annular air curtain cavity to physically and pneumatically press down the dynamic upward deformation, and setting the uncancelled deformation amount exceeding the first preset proportion as the residual deformation amount.

[0013] Furthermore, controlling the drive motor to adjust the overall height of the laser cutting head assembly and controlling the zoom collimation module to fine-tune the actual cutting focal point displacement includes: decomposing the residual deformation into a macroscopic height adjustment component and a microscopic focal length adjustment component; generating a servo pulse signal based on the macroscopic height adjustment component to control the drive motor to move the laser cutting head assembly in the vertical direction; and generating a zoom command based on the microscopic focal length adjustment component to drive the lens position within the zoom collimation module to change.

[0014] Furthermore, the step of generating a zoom command based on the micro focal length adjustment component to drive a change in the position of the lens within the zoom collimation module includes: acquiring the current position feedback signal of the voice coil motor within the zoom collimation module; calculating the position deviation value between the micro focal length adjustment component and the current position feedback signal; and outputting a drive current to the voice coil motor through a closed-loop control circuit based on the position deviation value, thereby instructing the voice coil motor to push the lens group to perform a compensating displacement along the optical axis, and locking the actual cutting focal point displacement on a pre-set depth reference plane.

[0015] This application utilizes pre-cut scanning and dynamic thermal calculation to obtain the expected warpage amount in advance, and prioritizes the use of air curtain pressure to create localized aerodynamic force for flexible flattening of the sheet material. This non-contact pneumatic pressing eliminates significant thermal deformation at the physical level, while the remaining minor residual deformation is instantly fine-tuned optically by the zoom collimation module. This two-way combination of feedforward prediction and aero-optical-mechanical collaborative closed loop avoids damage to the decorative surface texture caused by mechanical pressing, effectively eliminates the hysteresis error of traditional capacitive follow-up control, ensures that the focus remains at the set optimal cutting depth, and prevents slag buildup and deterioration of the heat-affected zone. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the composite nozzle mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of the logic structure of the control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the control method for the adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the feedforward prediction and airflow flattening logic method provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 101-slide table, 102-drive motor, 103-laser cutting head assembly, 104-non-contact displacement sensor, 105-controller, 201-zoom collimation module, 202-lens group, 203-voice coil motor, 204-composite nozzle mechanism, 205-center cutting nozzle, 206-annular air curtain cavity, 207-nozzle, 301-air path control module, 302-air curtain proportional valve, 303-main air path proportional valve. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] Combination Figure 1 As shown, this application provides an adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels, mainly applied to high-precision laser cutting of thin-walled metal sheets with a thickness ranging from 0.5mm to 2.0mm. The system's physical architecture includes a slide table 101, a drive motor 102, and a laser cutting head assembly 103. The slide table 101, serving as the Z-axis motion carrier of the machine tool, is fixedly mounted on the machine tool's crossbeam and is equipped with the drive motor 102. In this embodiment, the drive motor 102 is a high-precision Z-axis servo motor, driving the slide table 101 to perform macroscopic vertical displacement via a ball screw transmission mechanism. The laser cutting head assembly 103 is stably mounted on the slide table 101 and rises and falls synchronously with the slide table 101 to adjust the cutting spacing.

[0024] The system is equipped with sensors and a controller 105. The sensor 104 is rigidly cantilevered to one side of the laser cutting head assembly 103 via a bracket, always positioned at a certain geometric distance in front of the current cutting point, used to scan and acquire the initial height data and static contour morphology of the sheet surface in its unheated state. The controller 105 constitutes the core computing and command center of the system. At the physical hardware level, the internal circuit base of the controller 105 includes a microprocessor-based main control chip or digital signal processor, a memory chip for storing process parameters and operating code, and analog-to-digital or digital-to-analog signal conversion circuits responsible for processing various analog sensor signals. The controller 105 is electrically connected to 104, the pneumatic control module, and the servo driver of the drive motor 102. The system also includes an isolated power supply module to power the aforementioned microelectronic components and electrical transmission components, ensuring anti-interference operation capability under both strong and weak electrical environments. The sensors include at least a non-contact displacement sensor 104 located at a preset distance in front of the movement trajectory of the laser cutting head assembly 103.

[0025] This application involves a coordinated modification of the internal optical path and external aerodynamic structure of the laser cutting head assembly 103. For example... Figure 2As shown in the partial cross-sectional view, the laser cutting head assembly 103, from top to bottom, includes an optical fiber interface, a zoom collimation module 201, a focusing lens group, and a compound nozzle mechanism 204. The zoom collimation module 201 internally houses a lens mount supporting the collimating lens, namely the lens group 202, and a voice coil motor 203 connected to the lens group 202. The voice coil motor 203 is directly electrically connected to the digital-to-analog output channel in the controller 105, and can generate a Lorentz force according to microsecond-level voltage commands, driving the lens group 202 to perform frictionless micro-sliding along the principal optical axis of the beam. By changing the divergence angle of the collimated beam, the zoom collimation module 201 can instantaneously change the absolute depth position of the lower converging focal point without moving the entire cutting head housing.

[0026] The composite nozzle mechanism 204 includes a central cutting nozzle 205 located at the axis, and an annular air curtain cavity 206 coaxially nested around the central cutting nozzle 205. The nozzle of the central cutting nozzle 205 faces the laser focus and is responsible for spraying high-pressure auxiliary gas to blow away the molten metal in the molten pool during the cutting process. The annular air curtain cavity 206 is an independent, closed annular hydrostatic cavity with multiple nozzles 207 at its bottom. The multiple nozzles 207 are evenly distributed in a ring array along the bottom end face of the annular air curtain cavity 206, and their internal channels exhibit an inward converging geometric feature.

[0027] The central axes of each nozzle 207 converge and extend downwards and outwards from the axis of the central cutting nozzle 205. A first angle is formed between the central axis of each nozzle 207 and the main axis of the central cutting nozzle 205. In this preferred embodiment, this first angle is set to 20°. In this preferred embodiment, after the airflow exits from the multiple nozzles 207, it does not directly impact or interfere with the central high-pressure auxiliary gas generated by the central cutting nozzle 205. Instead, it precisely converges around the cutting focal point, forming a non-contact downward pressure field in the shape of an inverted frustum. This downward pressure field utilizes the dynamic pressure characteristics of the gas to apply flexible physical pressure to the surface of the thin-walled sheet material that is about to warp due to heat. By using a pneumatic design to flatten the sheet material, the pressing effect of traditional rollers is achieved, avoiding mechanical damage and scratches to the decorative texture of the sheet material caused by mechanical contact. Those skilled in the art can make equivalent fine-tuning designs within the range of 15° to 45° according to the actual nozzle diameter and the thickness requirements of the sheet material to be cut, all achieving the purpose of constructing an inverted frustum-shaped downward pressure field. The first angle is set to 20°-25°. The same fine-tuning design is performed within the range of 15° to 30°. It should be noted that the above angle parameters are only preferred balance parameters for this embodiment.

[0028] Combination Figure 3The logical structure block diagram shown indicates that the system includes a gas path control module 301. The gas path control module 301 includes a main gas path proportional valve 303 independently connected to the central cutting nozzle 205, and a curtain proportional valve 302 connected to the annular air curtain cavity 206 via a high-pressure hose. The curtain proportional valve 302 can accept the analog voltage signal output by the controller 105 and linearly adjust the gas flow rate and pressure input to the annular air curtain cavity 206.

[0029] The controller 105 incorporates an adaptive compensation control method that combines dynamic feedforward and closed-loop allocation. Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the execution logic of this control method includes the following stages.

[0030] When the cutting interpolation trajectory begins execution, the system enters the preset contour data acquisition stage. For example... Figure 4 As shown in data acquisition S401, the controller 105 acquires the initial height and initial contour data of the plate material in front of the cutting point through the non-contact displacement sensor 104. The non-contact displacement sensor 104 scans and extracts the current interpolation point (x) at a distance L in front of the current laser focus. i ,y i The initial static height Z of the board at the corresponding position static It is then stored in the controller's register as a height reference.

[0031] The system enters the dynamic thermal warp prediction stage. In the heat input calculation S402, the controller 105 calculates the transient heat input corresponding to the current interpolation point based on pre-configured process parameters and material parameters. The process parameters include the laser power, cutting speed, and plate thickness configured by the host computer currently issued by the system. The retrieved material parameters include thermodynamic parameters such as the thermal absorptivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and bending stiffness coefficient of the metal material.

[0032] The controller 105 extracts the laser power and cutting speed values ​​from the process parameters, and the thermal absorptivity from the material parameters, to construct a heat input function describing the energy density of the kerf per unit length. This calculation logic is implemented through the following transient heat input mathematical model:

[0033]

[0034] Where Q represents reaching the interpolation point (x) i ,y i Transient heat input per unit length of kerf at time ). The parameter represents the material's thermal absorptivity, reflecting the absorption capacity of different surface roughnesses for laser wavelengths; P represents the current laser output power; v represents the current feed cutting speed of the machine tool; and d represents the acquired thickness data of the thin-walled sheet. Using this formula, the system can accurately determine the relative thermal boundary injected into the material at the current processing point.

[0035] In the predicted deformation S403, the controller 105 calculates the dynamic upward deformation that may occur at the current cutting position based on the derived thermal input function and the thermal expansion properties of the material itself. This deformation mapping relationship is expressed by the following prediction formula:

[0036]

[0037] in, This represents the absolute value of the dynamic upward deformation predicted by the system due to the rapid concentration of local thermal stress at the cutting point; k represents the coefficient of thermal expansion of a sheet metal. stiff This represents the bending stiffness coefficient of the plate at the current thickness. This refers to an empirical correction coefficient established for different decorative panel textures. Because the surface texture processing method alters the distribution of residual stress on the panel surface, in this preferred embodiment, for a typical brushed stainless steel texture, this correction coefficient... The value is 1.15; for the textured surface of a polished mirror panel, the correction factor is set to 1.15 because its stress release is more uniform. The value is 1.08. This is achieved by introducing... The variable improves the model's generalization prediction accuracy for different decorative panel types.

[0038] The system enters the suppression-oriented distribution and physical flattening stage. In the air pressure compensation control S404, the controller 105 calculates the dynamic upward deformation amount. Establish a deformation amount versus air pressure cancellation response curve. The system follows the principle of prioritizing the use of aerodynamic force to cancel deformation. Based on the deformation amount versus air pressure cancellation response curve, it determines the air curtain downpressure value that can cancel the first preset proportion of deformation, generates a target control air pressure signal, and sends it to the air curtain proportional valve 302.

[0039] This closed-loop pressure conversion logic is achieved through the following target control pressure equation:

[0040]

[0041] Among them, P curtain This indicates the target air pressure command value that needs to be output to the proportional valve 302 of the air curtain; P0 represents the initial base air pressure required for the air curtain to maintain the basic flow field shape and provide dustproof shielding, which is constantly set to 0.15MPa in this system; Kp The preset air pressure gain coefficient for the controller is used to linearly convert the displacement into reverse compensation pressure.

[0042] The controller 105 will calculate P curtain The air curtain pressure is converted into a standard 0-10V or 4-20mA analog voltage signal and output to the air curtain proportional valve 302. The air curtain proportional valve 302 then adjusts the gas flow rate input to the annular air curtain chamber 206. The adjusted low-pressure, high-flow-rate gas then... The inclined nozzle 207 ejects high-speed gas, directing it to exert non-contact physical pneumatic downward pressure on the area about to undergo dynamic upward deformation. The flexible downward pressure field generated by the non-contact air curtain acts as the first barrier, physically offsetting more than 70% of the transient thermal deformation. The system defines the deformation exceeding the gas pressure suppression capability boundary that cannot be offset by physical downward pressure as residual deformation. Through hierarchical control logic, it can prevent excessive downward airflow caused by simply relying on air pressure to force flatten the surface, avoiding splashing or flow field turbulence in the cutting center molten pool, and ensuring high flatness in the main cutting airflow area.

[0043] In the optomechanical joint compensation S405, the system enters the optomechanical joint compensation stage for residual errors. A residual deformation estimation model runs within the controller 105 to obtain the residual deformation after being subjected to a non-contact pressure field. It is decomposed into a macroscopic height adjustment component and a microscopic focal length adjustment component to synchronously control the drive motor 102 and the zoom collimation module 201.

[0044] The controller 105 generates a position servo pulse signal based on the macroscopic height adjustment component, which instructs the drive motor 102 to move the laser cutting head assembly 103 on the slide table 101 in the vertical direction. The Z-axis downward adjustment command of the overall cutting head follows the following mathematical relationship:

[0045]

[0046] Among them, Z cmd This indicates the target absolute position command that the drive motor 102 needs to execute; Z static This refers to the initial static height collected previously; This refers to the residual deformation remaining after subtracting the aerodynamic downforce from the predicted deformation. The mechanical follow-up action maintains the reference physical gap between the end face of the center cutting nozzle 205 and the surface of the plate after slight warping, ensuring that the blowing flow field of the high-pressure auxiliary gas remains dynamically constant.

[0047] Due to localized warping of the sheet metal and nozzle elevation, the actual focal point, originally intended to focus at a specific depth within the sheet metal, deviates from the optimal processing position. Simply relying on mechanical Z-axis compensation can only change the nozzle position and cannot prevent the focal point from penetrating deeper into the material. The controller 105 synchronously generates a high-frequency zoom command from the micro-focal length adjustment component. When executing the zoom command, the controller acquires the current position feedback signal of the voice coil motor 203 within the zoom collimation module 201 through its internal servo loop. It calculates the position deviation between the target displacement and the current position feedback signal. Based on this position deviation, the controller 105 outputs a high-current drive signal to the voice coil motor driver. Since the voice coil motor 203 has no rotor core and extremely low inertia, it can drive the lens group 202 to make a compensating displacement along the optical axis opposite to the residual deformation, resulting in a corresponding actual focal point displacement in the optical zoom system.

[0048]

[0049] Under this compensation, the focal point retracts relative to the cutting head housing in the spatial coordinate system by a distance equal to the residual deformation distance. Since the optical zoom's response speed is at the millisecond level, it can handle the task of compensating for the micro-deformation of the entire system. By changing the refractive index of the optical path, the actual cutting focal point displacement is locked at a pre-set material depth reference plane.

[0050] The adaptive compensation system provided in this application constructs a strongly interlocked three-dimensional compensation mechanism through the synergistic coupling of physical structure modification and control algorithm. On the one hand, the annular air curtain pressure regulating device forms a local aerodynamic flexible flattening of the plate, avoiding damage to the texture of high-reflectivity and brushed decorative plates by traditional mechanical contact parts such as pressure rollers. On the other hand, compensation instructions are pre-allocated through a thermodynamic prediction model, prioritizing the use of aerodynamic shaping with a proportion exceeding 70% to prevent large-scale edge curling, while the remaining small amount of residual deformation is handled by the optical zoom collimation module without inertial delay for fine adjustment. This optical, mechanical, and aerodynamic joint feedback compensation logic eliminates the signal hysteresis and misjudgment caused by relying on a single capacitive sensor, ensuring efficient slag removal and precise focus locking of the main cutting airflow, and solving the pain points of widening kerf, slag adhesion, and heat-affected zone diffusion that easily occur in thin plate laser cutting. To further verify the technical effect of the present invention, the applicant conducted a comparative cutting experiment on a 1.0mm thick stainless steel brushed plate. Experimental results show that in the control group without the adaptive compensation system, the kerf width fluctuation range was ±0.15mm, and the slag rate was approximately 12%. In the experimental group with the adaptive compensation system enabled, the kerf width fluctuation range was reduced to ±0.03mm, the slag rate dropped to below 1%, and there was no significant thermal damage to the decorative texture on the back of the board. Furthermore, multiple comparative experiments within a thickness range of 0.5mm to 2.0mm all demonstrated that the system can control the focus offset within ±0.02mm, significantly improving the consistency of cutting quality.

Claims

1. An adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels, characterized in that, include: The slide table is equipped with a drive motor; A laser cutting head assembly is mounted on the slide table. The laser cutting head assembly includes a zoom collimation module and a composite nozzle mechanism. The composite nozzle mechanism includes a central cutting nozzle and an annular air curtain cavity nested around the central cutting nozzle. The annular air curtain cavity has spray holes that converge and tilt downwards towards the central cutting nozzle. The air circuit control module includes an air curtain proportional valve that communicates with the annular air curtain cavity; The sensor includes a non-contact displacement sensor located at a preset distance in front of the movement trajectory of the laser cutting head assembly, used to acquire the initial height data and initial contour data of the plate material in front of the cutting point; The controller is electrically connected to the non-contact displacement sensor, the air circuit control module, and the drive motor. The controller is used to acquire the initial height data of the plate through the sensor, calculate the transient heat input based on the pre-configured process parameters and material parameters, predict the dynamic upward deformation of the plate, output the target air pressure to the air curtain proportional valve based on the dynamic upward deformation, drive the annular air curtain cavity to spray gas to form a non-contact downward pressure field on the plate, and control the drive motor to adjust the overall height of the laser cutting head assembly based on the uncancelled residual deformation, and simultaneously control the zoom collimation module to fine-tune the actual cutting focal point displacement.

2. The adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzles include multiple nozzles, which are arranged in a ring array along the bottom of the annular air curtain cavity, and the central axes of the multiple nozzles converge and extend toward the axis of the central cutting nozzle.

3. The adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The central axis of each of the nozzles forms a first angle of 15° to 45° with the axis of the central cutting nozzle. The angle of the first angle is set to 15°-30°. The gas ejected from the multiple nozzles converges around the cutting focal point to form the non-contact downward pressure field in the shape of an inverted frustum.

4. The adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process parameters include laser power, cutting speed, and plate thickness. The material parameters include thermal absorptivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, and bending stiffness coefficient. The controller is configured to calculate transient heat input based on the laser power, cutting speed, plate thickness, and thermal absorptivity, and to predict the dynamic upward warping deformation in front of the cutting point by combining the coefficient of thermal expansion and the bending stiffness coefficient.

5. The adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The zoom collimation module is internally equipped with a voice coil motor without inertia delay and a lens group that is drivenly connected to the voice coil motor without inertia delay. The voice coil motor without inertia delay is electrically connected to the controller. The controller is configured to, after compensating for the main deformation part of the dynamic upward deformation by the non-contact downward pressure field, extract the remaining deformation part that has not been canceled as the residual deformation, and convert the residual deformation into an optical axis displacement command and send it to the voice coil motor without inertia delay to drive the lens group to move along the optical axis to change the cutting focal depth.

6. The adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The non-contact displacement sensor is a non-contact displacement sensor that is rigidly cantilevered on one side of the laser cutting head assembly via a bracket and located at a preset distance L in front of the current cutting point. It is used to scan and obtain the initial height data and static contour shape of the plate surface in the unheated state in advance.

7. The adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The number of nozzles is 8 to 16, and each nozzle is distributed in an equally spaced ring array along the bottom end face of the annular air curtain cavity.

8. The adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The response time of the air curtain proportional valve is less than or equal to 50ms.

9. The adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The response speed of the non-inertia delay voice coil motor is less than or equal to 5ms.

10. The adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first preset ratio is 60% to 80%, preferably 70%.

11. A control method for an adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels, characterized in that, include: An adaptive compensation method for laser cutting of decorative panels, characterized in that it includes: Obtain the initial height data, process parameters, and material parameters of the material to be cut; The transient heat input is calculated based on the process parameters and material parameters, and the dynamic upward deformation is predicted by combining the initial contour data. A control signal is generated based on the dynamic upward deformation and sent to the air curtain proportional valve; Adjust the gas input to the annular air curtain cavity, drive the annular air curtain cavity to spray gas onto the surface of the plate and form the non-contact downward pressure field; The residual deformation after being subjected to the non-contact downward pressure field is obtained, the drive motor is controlled to adjust the overall height of the laser cutting head assembly, and the zoom collimation module is controlled to fine-tune the actual cutting focal point displacement.

12. The control method of the adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels as described in claim 11, characterized in that, The step of calculating the transient heat input based on the process parameters and material parameters, and predicting the dynamic upward warping deformation based on the initial contour data, includes: as described in claim 11. Extract the laser power and cutting speed values ​​from the process parameters, and extract the thermal absorptivity from the material parameters; The transient heat input per unit length of the cut is calculated based on the laser power value, the cutting speed value, the obtained plate thickness data, and the heat absorption rate. Based on the coefficient of thermal expansion and the coefficient of bending stiffness in the material parameters, as well as the empirical correction coefficient established according to the preset surface texture, and combined with the transient heat input, the dynamic upward deformation at the current cutting position is calculated.

13. The control method of the adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels as described in claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, The step of generating a control signal based on the dynamic upward deformation and sending it to the air curtain proportional valve includes: Establish the deformation amount versus air pressure offset response curve; The air curtain pressure value that can offset the first preset proportion of deformation is determined based on the deformation amount and air pressure offset response curve. The air curtain downward pressure value is converted into an analog voltage signal and output to the air curtain proportional valve, which instructs the gas ejected from the annular air curtain cavity to physically and pneumatically press down the dynamic upward deformation, and sets the uncompensated deformation amount exceeding the first preset ratio as the residual deformation amount.

14. The control method of the adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels as described in any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that, The control of the drive motor to adjust the overall height of the laser cutting head assembly and the control of the zoom collimation module to fine-tune the actual cutting focal point displacement include: as described in claim 11. The residual deformation is decomposed into a macroscopic height adjustment component and a microscopic focal length adjustment component. Based on the macroscopic height adjustment component, a servo pulse signal is generated to control the drive motor to drive the laser cutting head assembly to move in the vertical direction; Based on the micro focal length adjustment component, a zoom command is generated to drive a change in the position of the lens within the zoom collimation module.

15. The control method of the adaptive compensation system for laser cutting of decorative panels as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The step of generating a zoom command based on the micro focal length adjustment component to drive a change in the position of the lens within the zoom collimation module includes: The current position feedback signal of the voice coil motor inside the zoom collimation module is collected; Calculate the position deviation between the micro-focus adjustment component and the current position feedback signal; Based on the position deviation value, a drive current is output to the voice coil motor through a closed-loop control loop, instructing the voice coil motor to push the lens group to perform compensating displacement along the optical axis, thereby locking the actual cutting focal point displacement on a pre-set depth reference surface.

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