A laser cutting and blowing all-in-one machine and a method for using the same

Abstract

The application provides a laser cutting and blowing integrated machine and a use method thereof, and belongs to the field of laser cutting processing. The laser cutting and blowing integrated machine comprises a protective shell and a laser cutter at the top and middle of the protective shell. A horizontal plate is arranged at the middle position of the internal cavity of the protective shell. Clamping assemblies are arranged on the upper sides of the internal cavity of the protective shell. A cleaning and blowing assembly is arranged between the two clamping assemblies. A driving assembly is arranged at the bottom of the protective shell. In the application, the protective shell and the laser cutter are arranged. The laser cutting is a mechanical contact-free processing mode. The laser beam energy is concentrated. The damage caused by the traditional mechanical cutting and extrusion of materials is avoided. The non-contact cutting can reduce mechanical deformation. The cutting precision is high. The heat affected zone is small. The material performance is stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of laser cutting processing technology, and in particular to a laser cutting and purging integrated machine and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Organic photoconductor drums are the core imaging components of laser printers, copiers, and multifunction printers. They are called drum cores and are essentially cylindrical devices with multiple layers of organic photoconductor films coated on a conductive aluminum base tube. In the electrostatic imaging process, all steps except fixing revolve around it. Therefore, its quality directly determines the quality of the printed product. Its production requires extremely high dimensional accuracy and surface cleanliness. The cutting process, as the first hurdle in the forming of the aluminum base tube, directly determines the quality of subsequent coatings and the final printing performance. In the traditional mass production of organic photoconductor drums, the aluminum base tube needs to be cut from a long piece of material into short tubes the length of a single drum. During this stage, the industry has long used traditional mechanical cutting processes. However, the photoconductor drum is prone to vibration during cutting, which affects the quality of the photoconductor drum manufacturing. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a laser cutting and blowing integrated machine and its usage method to reduce the deformation and quality fluctuation problems of organic photoconductor drum workpieces caused by cutting vibration during the processing.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides the following technical solution: A laser cutting and blowing integrated machine includes a protective shell and a laser cutter in the middle of its top. A horizontal plate is constructed in the middle of the cavity inside the protective shell. Clamping components are provided on both sides of the upper part of the protective shell. A blowing component is provided between the two clamping components. A driving component is provided at the bottom of the protective shell. The clamping assembly includes an electric push rod, a clamping block, and a needle roller. The electric push rod is fixedly installed on the upper outer side of the protective shell. The clamping block is fixedly installed on one end of the electric push rod that passes through the protective shell. The needle roller is rotatably connected to the concave arc surface of the clamping block. The air-blowing assembly includes a bracket, an air pump, a conduit, an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, and a filter element. The bracket is slidably snapped into the middle of the outer side of the protective shell. The air pump is fixedly installed on one side of the bracket. The conduit is connected to the other side of the bracket. The outer cylinder is connected to the end of the conduit away from the bracket. The inner cylinder is embedded inside the outer cylinder. One end of the inner cylinder is provided with an air inlet. The surface of the inner cylinder is provided with through holes corresponding to the outer cylinder. The filter element is disposed in a groove in the middle of the outer side of the outer cylinder. The drive assembly includes a frame, a servo motor, a drive roller, and an electric push rod. The frame is disposed in the internal cavity of the protective shell, the servo motor is fixedly installed on the outside of the frame, the drive roller is installed on the inside of the frame, and the electric push rod is installed at the bottom of the frame.

[0005] Preferably, a square hole is provided in the middle of the horizontal plate, and the driving roller is located directly below the square hole of the horizontal plate. The length of the driving roller is greater than the distance between the two sets of clamping blocks.

[0006] Preferably, the two sets of clamping blocks are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the laser cutter, and the concave arc surface of the clamping blocks is provided with equally spaced roller needles.

[0007] Preferably, the outer cylinder is positioned directly below the laser cutter, with its center point orthogonal to the central axis of the laser cutter. The outer cylinder has an internal cavity, and the inner cylinder is rotatably disposed within the cavity inside the outer cylinder. A driving component is provided at the end of the outer cylinder, and the driving component establishes a transmission relationship with the inner cylinder.

[0008] Preferably, both ends of the outer cylinder are provided with receiving grooves, an airbag is installed in the outer receiving groove of the outer cylinder, and a pipe connected to the airbag is provided in the inner cavity of the outer cylinder. The hollow inner cylinder is fitted to one end of the pipe, and the inner cylinder has a through hole with the same diameter as the pipe opening.

[0009] Preferably, a flow guide is provided in the internal cavity of the inner cylinder. The middle part of the flow guide is a cylindrical structure. The axial length of the middle cylindrical part of the flow guide is greater than the span of the through hole on the outer circumferential surface of the inner cylinder. Both ends of the flow guide are conical structures.

[0010] Preferably, a protective plate is provided at the inner ring position of the filter element, and the annular protective plate is sleeved on the middle of the outer cylinder, and the protective plate is located on the outside of the through hole on the surface of the outer cylinder.

[0011] Preferably, a slide rail is provided in the middle of the outer side of the protective shell, a servo motor is provided at the end of the slide rail, a lead screw is provided inside the slide rail, the lead screw and the servo motor are connected by a transmission relationship, and the bracket and the lead screw are connected by a thread.

[0012] Preferably, a working hole is formed at the top center of the protective shell, the laser cutter is embedded in the working hole at the top of the protective shell, and an exhaust hole is provided on the lower side of the protective shell. The protective shell has a slide rail 2 on its back, a lead screw 2 in the middle of the slide rail 2, a slider on the slide rail 2, and the laser cutter on the slider.

[0013] Another aspect of this application provides a method of using a laser cutting and blowing integrated machine: S1: Insert the pipe to be cut into the protective shell, and clamp and fix the pipe by the cooperation of two sets of clamping blocks and electric push rod one; S2: The electric push rod 2 drives the frame to move upward, so that the drive roller fits against the bottom of the tube; S3: Insert the outer cylinder into the pipe through the sliding bracket, so that the outer cylinder is directly below the laser cutter. Pump gas into the pipe through the air pump to create a positive pressure environment relative to the inside of the pipe. S4: The servo motor drives the drive roller to rotate, which in turn drives the pipe to rotate, and the laser cutter cuts the pipe.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following advantages: In this invention, by setting up a protective shell and a laser cutter, laser cutting is a non-mechanical contact processing method. The laser beam energy is concentrated, avoiding the damage caused by the extrusion of materials during traditional mechanical cutting. Non-contact cutting can reduce mechanical deformation, achieve high cutting precision, have a small heat-affected zone, and ensure stable material properties.

[0015] In this invention, by setting up an air pump, a conduit, an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, the gas generated by the air pump is ejected from the outer cylinder. The gas ejected from the outside of the outer cylinder can act on the cutting part to form protection. At the cutting point, the airflow inside the pipe overflows from the cutting seam to form a reverse barrier, preventing external contaminants from entering the inner cavity. The overflowing airflow can also help to "carry" the particles in the cutting area out of the pipe, thereby facilitating the formation of a high-quality cutting surface. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the specification, further serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure and enable those skilled in the art to implement and use the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure in this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the protective shell in this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure in this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the outer cylinder structure in this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the inner cylinder in this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping block structure in this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the drive roller structure in this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the slide rail structure in this application; [Figure Labels] 1. Protective shell; 101. Horizontal plate; 102. Slide rail one; 103. Servo motor three; 104. Lead screw one; 2. Laser cutter; 201. Slide rail two; 202. Lead screw two; 203. Slider; 3. Electric push rod one; 301. Clamping block; 302. Needle roller; 4. Bracket; 401. Air pump; 402. Conduit; 403. Outer cylinder; 4031. Drive component; 4032. Airbag; 4033. Pipe; 404. Inner cylinder; 4041. Flow guide; 405. Filter element; 4051. Protective plate; 5. Frame; 501. Servo motor one; 502. Drive roller; 503. Electric push rod two. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The laser cutting and purging integrated machine provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should also be noted that, in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art can also use other alternative methods to implement some well-known technologies; moreover, the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit this application.

[0019] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The laser cutting and blowing integrated machine shown in this application includes a protective shell 1 and a laser cutter 2 at the top center. A horizontal plate 101 is constructed in the middle of the cavity inside the protective shell 1. Clamping components are provided on both sides of the upper part of the protective shell 1. A blowing component is provided between the two clamping components. A driving component is provided at the bottom of the protective shell 1. The clamping assembly includes an electric push rod 3, a clamping block 301, and a needle roller 302. The electric push rod 3 is fixedly installed on the upper outer side of the protective shell 1. The clamping block 301 is fixedly installed on one end of the electric push rod 3 that passes through the protective shell 1. The needle roller 302 is rotatably connected to the concave arc surface of the clamping block 301. The cleaning assembly includes a bracket 4, an air pump 401, a conduit 402, an outer cylinder 403, an inner cylinder 404, and a filter element 405. The bracket 4 is slidably snapped into the middle of the outer side of the protective shell 1. The air pump 401 is fixedly installed on one side of the bracket 4. The conduit 402 is connected to the other side of the bracket 4. The outer cylinder 403 is connected to the end of the conduit 402 away from the bracket 4. The inner cylinder 404 is embedded in the interior of the outer cylinder 403. One end of the inner cylinder 404 is provided with an air inlet. The surface of the inner cylinder 404 is provided with through holes corresponding to the outer cylinder 403. The filter element 405 is disposed in the groove in the middle of the outer side of the outer cylinder 403. The drive assembly includes a frame 5, a servo motor 501, a drive roller 502, and an electric push rod 503. The frame 5 is located in the internal cavity of the protective shell 1. The servo motor 501 is fixedly installed on the outside of the frame 5, the drive roller 502 is installed on the inside of the frame 5, and the electric push rod 503 is installed at the bottom of the frame 5. In actual use, the aluminum tube to be cut is inserted into the protective shell 1 through the end opening of the protective shell 1. The clamping block 301 is moved by the electric push rod 3. The two sets of clamping blocks 301 clamp and fix the aluminum tube respectively, and automatically align the aluminum tube directly below the laser cutter 2. Then, the conduit 402 is inserted into the aluminum tube through the sliding bracket 4, so that the outer cylinder 403 is directly below the laser cutter 2. Gas is pumped into the conduit 402 by the air pump 401. Alternatively, the air inlet of the air pump 401 can be connected to an external protective gas output device, such as a nitrogen storage tank and a corresponding pressure reducing device. The gas is delivered to the inner cavity of the outer cylinder 403 through the conduit 402. The gas is ejected after passing through the inner cylinder 404 and filtered by the filter element 405 before being ejected, thus forming a stable and clean airflow in the inner cavity of the aluminum tube, which can prevent external impurities from entering the aluminum tube. The electric push rod 503 drives the frame 5 to move upward, so that the drive roller 502 contacts the aluminum base tube. The servo motor 501 drives the drive roller 502 to rotate, and at the same time the laser cutter 2 starts to cut the aluminum base tube. The cutting is completed when the aluminum base tube rotates one revolution. The conduit 402 and the outer cylinder 403 are rotatably connected by a bearing. In addition, a sealing ring is provided between the conduit 402 and the outer cylinder 403 to reduce gas leakage. After cutting, release the clamp 301 at the corresponding position of the cut single short tube. The aluminum base tube is still supported by the outer cylinder 403, and the sliding bracket 4 can then remove the formed single short tube.

[0020] In this embodiment, as Figures 3-8 As shown, a square hole is provided in the middle of the horizontal plate 101, and the drive roller 502 is located directly below the square hole of the horizontal plate 101. The length of the drive roller 502 is greater than the distance between the two sets of clamping blocks 301. The drive roller 502 can move vertically in the square hole inside the horizontal plate 101, and the drive roller 502 is designed to be positioned between the two clamping blocks 301 so that the drive roller 502 can maintain good contact with the aluminum substrate and keep the tubes on both sides of the aluminum substrate cutting part at the same rotation speed, thereby preventing tearing of the cut and helping to maintain a neat cut. On the other hand, the extrusion force applied by the drive roller 502 to the aluminum tube can be transmitted to the two sets of clamps 301 simultaneously, so that the aluminum tube can be subjected to uniform force as a whole.

[0021] Two sets of clamping blocks 301 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the laser cutter 2, and the concave arc surface of the clamping blocks 301 is provided with equally spaced roller needles 302. The two sets of clamping blocks 301 correspond to the two parts of the aluminum tube respectively. The needle rollers 302 can keep the aluminum tube smoothly and stably driven to rotate by the drive rollers 502.

[0022] The outer cylinder 403 is located directly below the laser cutter 2. The center point of the outer cylinder 403 is orthogonal to the central axis of the laser cutter 2. The outer cylinder 403 has an internal cavity. The inner cylinder 404 is rotatably disposed in the cavity inside the outer cylinder 403. The end of the outer cylinder 403 is provided with a driving member 4031, and the driving member 4031 and the inner cylinder 404 are connected by a transmission relationship. When the bracket 4 abuts against the end of the protective shell 1, the outer cylinder 403 and the laser cutter 2 are exactly aligned, that is, the center point of the outer cylinder 403 is orthogonal to the central axis of the laser cutter 2. The gas ejected from the outside of the outer cylinder 403 can act on the cutting part to form protection. At the cutting point, the airflow inside the tube overflows from the cutting seam to form a reverse barrier, preventing external contaminants from entering the inner cavity. The overflowing airflow can also help to "carry" the particles in the cutting area out of the tube, which is conducive to forming a high-quality cutting surface. The driving component 4031 can be either a servo motor or a rotary cylinder. By driving the inner cylinder 404 to rotate, the overlapping part of the through hole on the inner cylinder 404 and the through hole on the outer cylinder 403 is adjusted to achieve the effect of controlling the airflow.

[0023] Both ends of the outer cylinder 403 are provided with receiving grooves. An airbag 4032 is installed in the outer receiving groove of the outer cylinder 403. A pipe 4033 connected to the airbag 4032 is provided in the internal cavity of the outer cylinder 403. The hollow inner cylinder 404 is attached to one end of the pipe 4033, and the inner cylinder 404 is provided with a through hole with the same diameter as the pipe 4033. The inner cylinder 404 is rotated by the drive component 4031. When the through hole at the end of the inner cylinder 404 coincides with the pipe 4033, the through holes on the inner cylinder 404 and the outer cylinder 403 are misaligned. This allows the gas generated by the air pump 401 to enter the pipe 4033, causing the airbag 4032 to inflate. After the airbag 4032 is inflated, it adheres tightly to the inner wall of the aluminum base tube, thus forming a closed space in the middle of the outer cylinder 403. Then, the drive component 4031 drives the inner cylinder 404 to rotate, causing the through hole at the end of the inner cylinder 404 to misalign with the pipe 4033. This maintains a certain pressure inside the airbag 4032, while the through holes on the inner cylinder 404 and the outer cylinder 403 remain aligned. This ensures that the gas generated by the air pump 401 can only overflow from the cutting seam, achieving a blowing protection effect on the cutting area.

[0024] A flow guide 4041 is provided in the cavity inside the inner cylinder 404. The middle part of the flow guide 4041 is a cylindrical structure. The axial length of the middle cylindrical part of the flow guide 4041 is greater than the span of the through hole on the outer circumference of the inner cylinder 404. Both ends of the flow guide 4041 are conical structures. The airflow inside the inner cylinder 404 is guided by the flow guide 4041, causing it to flow along the cone. This disperses the airflow along the inclined surface of the cone towards the inner wall of the inner cylinder 404. The flow guide 4041 reduces the cross-sectional area of ​​the airflow channel inside the inner cylinder 404, increasing the airflow velocity and thus achieving the effect of integrating the airflow.

[0025] A protective plate 4051 is provided at the inner ring position of the filter element 405. The annular protective plate 4051 is sleeved on the middle of the outer cylinder 403 and is located on the outside of the through hole on the surface of the outer cylinder 403. The protective plate 4051 on the filter element 405 protects the filter element 405, preventing airflow from directly impacting the filter element 405 and causing excessive wear in certain areas. At the same time, the protective plate 4051 guides and disperses the airflow ejected from the through hole in the middle of the outer cylinder 403, causing the airflow to flow towards the openings on both sides of the protective plate 4051. This makes the airflow more evenly ejected from the surface of the filter element 405, and the airflow pressure remains consistent throughout the filter element 405, preventing the generation of eddies. This makes it less likely for particles generated during cutting to be drawn into the inner cavity, and also reduces the possibility of pipe vibration.

[0026] A slide rail 102 is provided in the middle of the outer side of the protective shell 1. A servo motor 103 is provided at the end of the slide rail 102. A lead screw 104 is provided inside the slide rail 102. The lead screw 104 and the servo motor 103 establish a transmission relationship. The bracket 4 is connected to the lead screw 104 by a thread. The coordinated operation of slide rail 102, servo motor 103, and lead screw 104 makes it easier to adjust the position of bracket 4.

[0027] The protective shell 1 has a working hole at the top center, and the laser cutter 2 is embedded in the working hole at the top of the protective shell 1. The protective shell 1 has an exhaust hole at the lower side. The back of the protective shell 1 is provided with a slide rail 201, the middle of the slide rail 201 is provided with a lead screw 202, the slide rail 201 is provided with a slider 203, and the laser cutter 2 is provided on the slider 203. By cooperating with the slide rail 201, the lead screw 202 and the slider 203, the position of the slider 203 can be adjusted when the lead screw 202 is rotated, thereby adjusting the distance between the laser cutter 2 and the protective shell 1, which is beneficial for subsequent maintenance work.

[0028] Furthermore, a laser cutting and blowing integrated machine is used as follows: S1: Insert the pipe to be cut into the protective shell 1, and clamp and fix the pipe by the cooperation of two sets of clamping blocks 301 and electric push rod 3. S2: The electric push rod 503 drives the frame 5 to move upward, so that the drive roller 502 fits against the bottom of the tube; S3: Insert the outer cylinder 403 into the pipe through the sliding bracket 4, so that the outer cylinder 403 is directly below the laser cutter 2. Pump gas into the conduit 402 through the air pump 401 to create a positive pressure environment relative to the inside of the pipe. S4: The servo motor 501 drives the drive roller 502 to rotate, which in turn drives the pipe to rotate, and the laser cutter 2 cuts the pipe.

Claims

1. A laser cutting and blowing integrated machine, comprising a protective shell (1) and a laser cutter (2) at the top center, characterized in that, A horizontal plate (101) is constructed in the middle of the cavity inside the protective shell (1). Clamping components are provided on both sides of the upper part of the protective shell (1). A cleaning component is provided between the two clamping components. A driving component is provided at the bottom of the protective shell (1). The clamping assembly includes an electric push rod (3), a clamping block (301), and a needle roller (302). The electric push rod (3) is fixedly installed on the upper outer side of the protective shell (1). The clamping block (301) is fixedly installed at one end of the electric push rod (3) that passes through the protective shell (1). The needle roller (302) is rotatably connected to the concave arc surface of the clamping block (301). The cleaning assembly includes a bracket (4), an air pump (401), a conduit (402), an outer cylinder (403), an inner cylinder (404), and a filter element (405). The bracket (4) is slidably snapped into the middle of the outer side of the protective shell (1). The air pump (401) is fixedly installed on one side of the bracket (4). The conduit (402) is connected to the other side of the bracket (4). The outer cylinder (403) is connected to the end of the conduit (402) away from the bracket (4). The inner cylinder (404) is embedded in the interior of the outer cylinder (403). One end of the inner cylinder (404) is provided with an air inlet. The surface of the inner cylinder (404) is provided with through holes corresponding to the outer cylinder (403). The filter element (405) is disposed in the groove in the middle of the outer side of the outer cylinder (403). The drive assembly includes a frame (5), a servo motor (501), a drive roller (502), and an electric push rod (503). The frame (5) is disposed in the internal cavity of the protective shell (1). The servo motor (501) is fixedly installed on the outside of the frame (5). The drive roller (502) is installed on the inside of the frame (5). The electric push rod (503) is installed on the bottom of the frame (5).

2. The laser cutting and blowing integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A square hole is provided in the middle of the horizontal plate (101), and the driving roller (502) is located directly below the square hole of the horizontal plate (101). The length of the driving roller (502) is greater than the distance between the two sets of clamping blocks (301).

3. The laser cutting and blowing integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two sets of clamping blocks (301) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the laser cutter (2), and the concave arc surface of the clamping blocks (301) is provided with equally spaced rollers (302).

4. The laser cutting and blowing integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer cylinder (403) is located directly below the laser cutter (2). The center point of the outer cylinder (403) is orthogonal to the central axis of the laser cutter (2). The outer cylinder (403) has an internal cavity. The inner cylinder (404) is rotatably disposed in the cavity inside the outer cylinder (403). The end of the outer cylinder (403) is provided with a driving member (4031). The driving member (4031) and the inner cylinder (404) are connected by a transmission relationship.

5. The laser cutting and blowing integrated machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer cylinder (403) has receiving grooves at both ends on the outside. An airbag (4032) is installed in the external receiving groove of the outer cylinder (403). A pipe (4033) connected to the airbag (4032) is provided in the internal cavity of the outer cylinder (403). The hollow inner cylinder (404) is attached to one end of the pipe (4033), and the inner cylinder (404) is provided with a through hole with the same diameter as the pipe (4033).

6. The laser cutting and blowing integrated machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: A flow guide (4041) is provided in the cavity inside the inner cylinder (404). The middle part of the flow guide (4041) is a cylindrical structure. The axial length of the middle cylindrical part of the flow guide (4041) is greater than the span of the through hole on the outer circumference of the inner cylinder (404). Both ends of the flow guide (4041) are conical structures.

7. The laser cutting and blowing integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter element (405) has a protective plate (4051) on its inner ring. The annular protective plate (4051) is sleeved on the middle of the outer cylinder (403). The protective plate (4051) is located on the outside of the through hole on the surface of the outer cylinder (403).

8. The laser cutting and blowing integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer middle of the protective shell (1) is provided with a slide rail (102), the end of the slide rail (102) is provided with a servo motor (103), the inside of the slide rail (102) is provided with a lead screw (104), the lead screw (104) and the servo motor (103) establish a transmission relationship, and the bracket (4) is connected to the lead screw (104) by a thread.

9. The laser cutting and blowing integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective shell (1) has a working hole at the top center, the laser cutter (2) is embedded in the working hole at the top of the protective shell (1), and the protective shell (1) has an exhaust hole at the bottom side. The protective shell (1) has a slide rail (201) on its back side, a lead screw (202) in the middle of the slide rail (201), a slider (203) on the slide rail (201), and the laser cutter (2) on the slider (203).

10. The method of using the laser cutting and blowing integrated machine according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: S1: Insert the pipe to be cut into the protective shell (1), and clamp and fix the pipe by the cooperation of two sets of clamping blocks (301) and electric push rod (3); S2: The electric push rod (503) drives the frame (5) to move upward, so that the drive roller (502) fits against the bottom of the tube; S3: Insert the outer cylinder (403) into the pipe through the sliding bracket (4), so that the outer cylinder (403) is directly below the laser cutter (2), and pump gas into the conduit (402) through the air pump (401) to form a positive pressure environment relative to the inside of the pipe; S4: The drive roller (502) is driven to rotate by the servo motor (501), so that the drive roller (502) drives the pipe to rotate, and the pipe is cut by the laser cutter (2).

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