A laser cutting device for drum brake pad processing

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of laser cutting devices for drum brake pad processing, it is related to brake pad cutting tool technical field, including workbench;The present application can suck cutting debris and waste gas in time by negative pressure mechanism, avoid debris accumulation, waste gas diffusion, guarantee cutting environment neat and processing precision, debris collection cavity provides settlement space for debris;Through the establishment of unit time smoke dust and debris production amount model by adaptive adjustment module, accurately calculate the dust production rate under current working condition;According to the required suction flow calculated by dust production amount model, and introduce smoke dust concentration feedback to carry out closed-loop correction, finally through the dynamic adjustment of electric fan speed, suction intensity is always matched with actual dust production amount;Effectively avoid the problem that smoke dust overflow caused by insufficient suction when thick plate is cut at high speed, and energy waste caused by excessive suction when thin plate is cut at low speed, realize the self-adaptive intelligent adjustment of suction system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of brake lining cutting tools, and more particularly to a laser cutting device for processing drum brake linings. Background Technology

[0002] The drum brake pad laser cutting device is a core piece of equipment in the production and processing of automotive brake parts. It is mainly used for high-precision laser cutting and shaping of brake pad raw materials such as friction materials and steel backings. It is widely used in mass automated production scenarios in automotive parts manufacturing plants and brake pad processing plants. The existing factory adopts a laser cutting device with an open layout. The core components mainly include a worktable, a sword grid table, a linear motor slide rail, a moving base, and a laser cutting head. Only a simple external dust suction port is equipped on the side of the equipment. Its working principle is as follows: the raw material of the drum brake liner is placed on the sword grid table, the linear motor slide rail drives the moving seat and the laser cutting head to move, and the workpiece is laser cut. The chips and exhaust gas generated by cutting are simply sucked up by the external dust suction port on the side. The chips fall naturally to the bottom area of ​​the equipment through the sword grid table. The existing open-type laser cutting equipment, with its components and working principle, suffers from several drawbacks during continuous cutting operations. The open layout allows debris and exhaust gases to spread rapidly throughout the workshop, and the limited suction range of the external dust extraction ports creates numerous blind spots. This prevents the in-situ, real-time capture of debris and exhaust gases, resulting in some debris accumulating on the blade grid and inside the equipment, easily causing pipe blockage and excessive filtration load. Therefore, improvements and optimizations are needed to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a laser cutting device for processing drum brake linings.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a laser cutting device for processing drum brake linings, comprising a worktable, a sword grid platform mounted on the worktable for supporting the workpiece, and two linear motor slide rails symmetrically mounted on the worktable. Linear motor sliders that cooperate with the linear motor slide rails are mounted on the linear motor slide rails. Movable seats are fixedly mounted on the two linear motor sliders. A laser welding machine is slidably mounted in the movable seats. A chip collection chamber is opened at the lower end of the worktable of the sword grid platform. A negative pressure mechanism for suction, filtration and exhaust is installed on the worktable. The workbench is equipped with an adaptive adjustment module and a risk prediction module. The adaptive adjustment module establishes a model of the amount of smoke and dust generated per unit time, calculates the required suction flow rate based on the dust generation model, and introduces smoke and dust concentration feedback for closed-loop correction. Finally, the suction intensity and the actual dust generation are matched in real time through the dynamic adjustment of the electric fan speed. The risk prediction module establishes an instantaneous combustion risk index, assigning different weights to three indicators: smoke concentration, debris accumulation thickness, and debris surface temperature. When the instantaneous index exceeds 0.7, an early warning operation is triggered, and when it exceeds 0.85, a shutdown command is triggered. A cumulative thermal risk index is also established, calculating the cumulative effect of debris exposure time at high temperatures through integration. When the cumulative index exceeds a preset threshold, a shutdown command is triggered. Combining instantaneous risk and cumulative risk, a comprehensive safety prediction index is calculated, realizing the transformation from post-event protection to pre-event prevention.

[0005] Preferably, the data analysis steps of the adaptive adjustment module are as follows: M1: Amount of smoke and debris generated per unit time ,in It is an empirical constant. For material and thickness factor, As the auxiliary gas influencing factor, For material type, For material thickness, For cutting speed, Laser power; , He Jun Calibration was achieved through experiments; M2: Calculate the required suction flow rate based on the dust generation model. , The efficiency of the suction port in capturing smoke and dust. To set the upper limit for permissible dust mass concentration; dust concentration feedback is introduced for closed-loop correction: , This represents the real-time smoke and dust concentration. To set the target concentration, For feedback coefficients; M3: Formula for adjusting the speed of the electric fan To achieve dynamic adjustment of suction intensity, This is the proportionality coefficient. This is the minimum operating speed.

[0006] Preferably, the data analysis steps of the risk prediction module are as follows: N1: Obtain smoke and dust concentration Debris accumulation thickness Surface temperature of debris Ambient temperature And current material ignition point data Establish an instantaneous combustion risk index ,in To ensure the maximum thickness of safe debris accumulation, , , The weights are coefficients and their sum is 1; when When an alert is triggered, A shutdown command is triggered at this time; N2: Establishing a cumulative heat risk index , This is the time accumulation factor. For ambient temperature; when Greater than the preset threshold At that time, a shutdown command is triggered; N3: Calculates a comprehensive safety prediction index by combining instantaneous risk and cumulative risk. , It uses instantaneous risk weights to achieve a shift from post-event protection to pre-event prevention.

[0007] Preferably, the negative pressure mechanism includes a negative pressure window frame fixedly installed on the outer wall of the workbench and two sets of shielding components installed vertically close to the inner wall of the debris collection chamber. A filter box is installed on the side end of the negative pressure window frame, and a through groove is provided on the workbench to connect the air inlet end of the filter box with the upper debris collection chamber.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of electrically operated ramps for opening and closing the negative pressure window frame are installed vertically at intervals on one side of the negative pressure window frame.

[0009] Preferably, multiple electric fan boxes are installed at intervals on the negative pressure window frame, and the opening ends of the electric fan boxes are respectively located at the air outlet end of the filter box and the electric inclined plate of the negative pressure window frame.

[0010] Preferably, the shielding assembly includes two electrically driven sliders slidably mounted on the inner wall of the debris collection chamber, a locking block that slides synchronously with the electrically driven sliders, and a connecting rod installed between the electrically driven sliders and the locking block. Telescopic baffles are connected between the two electrically driven sliders and the two locking blocks. A telescopic baffle connected to the inner wall of the debris collection chamber is provided on the connecting rod. Protective baffles for pushing debris from the top of the upper telescopic baffle are symmetrically installed in the debris collection chamber.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of support seats are symmetrically installed on the lower peripheral sidewall of the debris collection chamber, and a heat-conducting frame is mounted on the support seat. The heat-conducting frame is fixed to the support seat by bolts.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Through the cooperation of the negative pressure mechanism and the chip collection chamber, chips and exhaust gas generated during cutting can be promptly extracted, preventing chip accumulation and exhaust gas diffusion. Combined with the characteristics of the sword grid table that facilitates chip falling, this achieves a clean cutting environment and ensures processing accuracy. Furthermore, through the cooperation of the linear motor slide rail and the moving seat, the laser welding machine can be flexibly adjusted in position. Combined with the high efficiency of negative pressure suction, cutting and suction can be coordinated to improve processing efficiency and workpiece quality. Through the cooperation of the filter box, electric fan box, and negative pressure window frame, a stable negative pressure is provided to the electric fan box. The filter box traps fine chips and filters exhaust gas. The electric inclined plate flexibly opens and closes to adjust the negative pressure intensity, thereby achieving efficient and thorough suction and filtration, preventing chips from damaging parts and exhaust gas from polluting the environment. Through the cooperation of the shielding component and the position sensor, the cutting area is automatically avoided to prevent chip splashing, thus ensuring smooth negative pressure suction and improving the stability and safety of suction and filtration. 2. Utilizing the high-temperature sealing properties of the telescopic baffle, it is adapted to the high-temperature, multi-shaving conditions of laser cutting, preventing debris from interfering with the suction and filtration effect. This achieves synergy between shielding protection and suction filtration, extending the device's service life. The heat-conducting frame and support base work together to quickly transfer heat from debris, preventing high temperatures from affecting the suction and filtration components, thus ensuring stable operation of the negative pressure mechanism. The linkage between the position sensor and the electric slider and electric inclined plate ensures unobstructed suction filtration and closed protection during shutdown. Combined with the model selection of various negative pressure-related components, it ensures stable operation of the suction and filtration system, achieving a high degree of automation and safe operation. Ultimately, it solves the problem of low suction and filtration efficiency in existing laser cutting devices. 3. By establishing a model of the amount of smoke and debris generated per unit time through the adaptive adjustment module, the dust generation rate under the current working conditions is accurately calculated; the required suction flow rate is calculated based on the dust generation model, and smoke concentration feedback is introduced for closed-loop correction. Finally, the suction intensity is always matched with the actual dust generation through dynamic adjustment of the electric fan speed; this effectively avoids the problem of insufficient suction causing smoke and dust overflow when cutting thick plates at high speed, and excessive suction causing energy waste when cutting thin plates at low speed, and realizes the adaptive intelligent adjustment of the suction system; 4. An instantaneous combustion risk index is established through the risk prediction module. When the instantaneous index exceeds 0.7, an early warning operation is triggered, and when it exceeds 0.85, a shutdown command is triggered. At the same time, a cumulative thermal risk index is established. The cumulative effect of debris exposure time at high temperature is calculated by integration. When the cumulative index exceeds a preset threshold, a shutdown command is triggered. Finally, a comprehensive safety prediction index is calculated by combining instantaneous risk and cumulative risk. Before the danger occurs, risk trends are proactively identified through multi-dimensional data fusion analysis, and preventive measures such as early warning, power reduction, and shutdown are taken in advance to effectively avoid open flame accidents. This achieves an essential safety upgrade from "post-event protection" to "pre-event prevention". Attached Figure Description

[0013] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the negative pressure window frame proposed in this invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first retaining sleeve proposed in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the enlarged three-dimensional structure of region A proposed in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the heat conduction frame proposed in this invention; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the system proposed in this invention.

[0014] The following are the components listed in the diagram: 1. Workbench; 2. Sword grid table; 3. Moving seat; 4. Laser welding machine; 5. Linear motor slide rail; 6. Negative pressure window frame; 7. Electric inclined plate; 8. Electric fan box; 9. Filter box; 10. Telescopic cover; 11. Protective baffle; 12. Electric slider; 13. Connecting rod; 14. Telescopic baffle; 15. Heat conduction frame; 16. Support base. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0016] Example 1: See Figures 1 to 5This invention discloses a laser cutting device for processing drum brake linings, comprising a worktable 1, a sword grid platform 2 mounted on the worktable 1 for supporting the workpiece, and two linear motor slide rails 5 symmetrically mounted on the worktable 1. Linear motor sliders that cooperate with the linear motor slide rails 5 are mounted on the linear motor slide rails 5. Movable seats 3 are fixedly mounted on the two linear motor sliders, and a laser welding machine 4 is slidably mounted in the movable seats 3. A debris collection chamber is provided at the lower end of the worktable 1 of the sword grid platform 2. A negative pressure mechanism for suction, filtration, and exhaust is installed on the worktable 1. The linear motor slide rails 5 are model LMS200-15. The linear motor slide rail 00 and the moving seat 3 adopt the MZ-300 model laser equipment special moving seat, which carries the laser welding machine 4 and drives it to move synchronously; the worktable 1 provides stable support for the whole device, the sword grid table 2 can stably support the drum brake liner workpiece, and at the same time facilitate the falling of cutting chips. The linear motor slide rail 5 and the linear motor slider work together to drive the moving seat 3 to move, so that the laser welding machine 4 can flexibly adjust the cutting position. The negative pressure mechanism can timely suck up cutting chips and exhaust gas, avoid chip accumulation and exhaust gas diffusion, and ensure a clean cutting environment and processing accuracy. The chip collection chamber provides a settling space for chips.

[0017] Reference Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the negative pressure mechanism includes a negative pressure window frame 6 fixedly installed on the outer wall of the workbench 1 and two sets of shielding components installed vertically close to the inner wall of the debris collection chamber. A filter box 9 is installed on the side end of the negative pressure window frame 6. A through groove is opened on the workbench 1 to connect the air inlet of the filter box 9 with the upper debris collection chamber. The filter box 9 is a laser cutting-specific pulse backflush filter cartridge filter box of model LF-1200. Its function is to filter the exhaust gas and small cutting debris. The working principle is to use the filtering effect of the filter cartridge to intercept small debris and clean the dust on the filter cartridge through pulse backflush to ensure stable filtration efficiency. The negative pressure window frame 6 provides the installation foundation for negative pressure suction. The filter box 9 can filter the exhaust gas and small debris, avoiding exhaust gas pollution and debris damage to the negative pressure components. The through groove connects the debris collection chamber and the filter box 9. The shielding components can adjust the shielding range according to the cutting requirements to prevent debris splashing and negative pressure leakage, thereby improving the efficiency and stability of negative pressure suction.

[0018] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, multiple electric inclined plates 7 for opening and closing the negative pressure window frame 6 are vertically spaced on one side; the electric inclined plates 7 can flexibly open and close the negative pressure window frame 6, and open during cutting to achieve efficient negative pressure suction.

[0019] Reference Figure 3As shown, multiple electric fan boxes 8 are installed at intervals on the negative pressure window frame 6. The opening ends of the electric fan boxes 8 are located at the air outlet of the filter box 9 and the electric inclined plate 7 of the negative pressure window frame 6, respectively. The electric fan boxes 8 are DF-800 models, which are special electric fan boxes for negative pressure suction. Their function is to provide negative pressure suction power. The working principle is to generate negative pressure by creating a pressure difference between the two ends of the fan box through the high-speed rotation of the built-in fan. The multiple electric fan boxes 8 work together to enhance the negative pressure suction force, ensuring that cutting debris and exhaust gas are quickly sucked into the filter box 9. The reasonable layout of the opening ends makes the suction airflow more uniform, avoids local suction dead zones, improves the collection efficiency of debris and exhaust gas, and ensures smooth filtration in the filter box 9.

[0020] Example 2: The technical solution is basically the same as that of Example 1, except that, referring to... Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the shielding assembly includes two electric sliders 12 slidably mounted on the inner wall of the debris collection chamber, a locking block that slides synchronously with the electric sliders 12, and a connecting rod 13 installed between the electric sliders 12 and the locking block. Telescopic baffles 14 are connected between the two electric sliders 12 and the two locking blocks. A telescopic baffle 10 connected to the inner wall of the debris collection chamber is provided on the connecting rod 13. Protective baffles 11 for pushing debris from the top of the upper telescopic baffle 10 are symmetrically installed in the debris collection chamber. The electric sliders 12 are precision electric sliders of model ES-100. Their function is to drive the telescopic baffles 14 and the telescopic baffle 10 to extend and retract, and adjust the shielding range. The working principle is to drive the ball screw to rotate through the built-in micro motor, converting the rotational motion into linear motion, and driving the locking block and the connecting rod 13 to slide synchronously. The telescopic baffle 10 is made of aluminum foil fiberglass cloth and stainless steel support frame, which is suitable for the high temperature and many debris conditions of laser cutting. It has flame-retardant and high temperature resistance properties, can resist the corrosion of cutting open flame and high temperature debris, and at the same time, it can extend and retract freely and has good sealing performance. To prevent the shielding component from obstructing the cutting machine's working area and affecting the negative pressure intensity, a position sensor is installed on the cutting machine. This PS-200 laser-cutting-specific position sensor is used to detect the real-time positions of the laser welding machine 4 and the moving base 3. The position sensor transmits the detection signal to the electric slider 12, controlling the shielding component to automatically avoid the cutting machine's position area, ensuring unobstructed negative pressure suction and meeting the required negative pressure intensity. Simultaneously, the position sensor is linked to the electric inclined plate 7. When the cutting machine stops working, the position sensor sends a signal to fully extend the shielding component and close the electric inclined plate 7, jointly sealing the debris collection chamber and adapting to debris collection... The operation of the open flame sensor in the cavity is designed to prevent open flame from overflowing or external impurities from entering. The electric slider 12 drives the telescopic baffle 14 and the telescopic baffle 10 to extend and retract flexibly, adjusting the shielding range to adapt to the cutting operations of different sized linings. This prevents debris from splashing into the device. The telescopic baffle 10 can catch falling debris, and the protective baffle 11 pushes the debris on top of the baffle to the bottom of the collection cavity, preventing debris accumulation and ensuring smooth negative pressure suction. The linkage between the position sensor, the shielding component, and the electric inclined plate 7 not only avoids obstructing the working area of ​​the cutting machine and increases the negative pressure intensity, but also seals the debris collection cavity, adapting to the open flame sensor and improving the safety and practicality of the device.

[0021] Reference Figure 5 As shown, multiple support seats 16 are symmetrically installed on the lower peripheral wall of the debris collection chamber. A heat conduction frame 15 is mounted on the support seat 16, and the heat conduction frame 15 is fixed to the support seat 16 by bolts. The support seat 16 provides stable support for the heat conduction frame 15, and the bolt fixing ensures that the heat conduction frame 15 is firmly installed and not easy to move. The heat conduction frame 15 can quickly conduct the heat carried by the cutting debris, avoiding the accumulation of high-temperature debris that damages the inner wall of the debris collection chamber or ignites the accumulated debris.

[0022] Working principle: When using this invention, first connect the power supply to the device, adapt and install the components required for the work, and adapt the corresponding controller. The workbench 1 provides stable support, and the drum brake liner workpiece is placed on the sword grid table 2 for support. Start the position sensor and open flame sensor. The position sensor detects the position of the laser welding machine 4 and the moving seat 3 in real time and transmits the signal to the electric slider 12 to control the shielding component to automatically avoid the cutting area. The controller controls the built-in motor of the electric inclined plate 7 to drive the electric inclined plate 7 to rotate and open. The electric fan box 8 starts to generate negative pressure. By adjusting the linear motor slide rail 5, the moving seat 3 drives the laser welding machine 4 to move to the cutting position. The electric slider 12 drives the telescopic baffle 14 and telescopic baffle 10 to adjust the shielding range to prevent debris from flying. During cutting, the debris falls into the debris collection chamber through the sword grid platform 2. The protective baffle 11 pushes the debris on the top of the baffle. The negative pressure draws the debris and exhaust gas through the channel to the filter box 9 for filtration. After cutting is completed, the position sensor sends a signal, which triggers the electric inclined plate 7 to close and the shielding component to fully extend, sealing the debris collection chamber and preventing open flame from overflowing. The heat conduction frame 15 conducts heat from the debris to cool it, and the support base 16 ensures its stability. Throughout the process, the coordinated operation of all components achieves precise cutting, efficient dust collection, and safety protection, ensuring processing quality and operational safety. Finally, the device is cleaned and reset.

[0023] Example 3: See Figure 6 The negative pressure and shielding control rely solely on the laser head position signal, without incorporating cutting process parameters and real-time operating condition signals, resulting in a mismatch between the suction capacity and the actual dust generation; the workbench 1 is equipped with an adaptation adjustment module and a risk prediction module. The adaptive adjustment module establishes a model of the amount of smoke and dust generated per unit time, calculates the required suction flow rate based on the dust generation model, and introduces smoke and dust concentration feedback for closed-loop correction. Finally, the suction intensity and the actual dust generation are matched in real time through the dynamic adjustment of the electric fan speed. The risk prediction module establishes an instantaneous combustion risk index, assigning different weights to three indicators: smoke concentration, debris accumulation thickness, and debris surface temperature. When the instantaneous index exceeds 0.7, an early warning operation is triggered; when it exceeds 0.85, a shutdown command is triggered. A cumulative thermal risk index is also established, calculating the cumulative effect of debris exposure time at high temperatures through integration. When the cumulative index exceeds a preset threshold, a shutdown command is triggered. Combining instantaneous and cumulative risks, a comprehensive safety prediction index is calculated, enabling a shift from post-event protection to pre-event prevention. A dust concentration sensor is installed at the suction port to acquire dust concentration data. Obtain material type from CNC system Material thickness Cutting speed and laser power data ; The sensor connects to itself Data is collected by each probe, through Multiple probes enable a single sensor to acquire data simultaneously. For each corresponding item, the acquired data is preprocessed; the collected data is sorted according to the collection time, and corresponding items collected at the same time are grouped together. averaging the data and standard deviation The calculation, and the mean obtained from the calculation. and standard deviation Collect data fluctuation range for corresponding items The system is configured to compare the collected data for a given item with its fluctuation range, mark data outside the fluctuation range as outliers, and record the number of outliers. ,like If the collected data is abnormal, the data will be re-tested; if If outliers are removed, the mean of the remaining corresponding test data after outlier removal is calculated. The calculation, and the mean obtained from the calculation. As valid data for the corresponding item detected at the corresponding time; Amount of smoke and debris generated per unit time ,in It is an empirical constant. For material and thickness factor, The influence factor of auxiliary gas; Through experiments Calibration: For material type Thickness is The material, through laser power of The cutting speed is The cutting equipment cuts a section of length... Collect and weigh the total mass of the fumes and debris generated during cutting of the workpiece. The dust generation per unit length Simultaneously, the same experiment was conducted using reference materials to obtain the dust generation per unit length. ,but ; Use the commonly used auxiliary gas pressure Based on, that is Through experiments Calibration: Fix the material type, thickness, laser power, and cutting speed, and change the assist gas pressure. Peak concentration was measured at a fixed distance from the cutting point using a dust concentration sensor. Peak concentration relative to reference pressure , ; obtained through experimental fitting , The correlation coefficient between the material and the nozzle; Under the baseline conditions, , The amount of smoke and debris generated per unit time Simplified to Through experiments Calibration: Select a specific set of laser powers and cutting speed Cutting experiments were conducted under reference material, reference thickness, and reference gas pressure to measure the dust generation per unit length. Then mass flow rate The derivation yields ; suction flow , The efficiency of the suction port in capturing smoke and dust. This represents the upper limit of the permissible smoke and dust mass concentration; however, the model may introduce errors during actual operation, therefore a closed-loop correction is added. , To set the target concentration, Feedback coefficient; electric fan speed , This is the proportionality coefficient. To maintain the minimum operating speed, the fan speed is dynamically adjusted based on the real-time dust generation.

[0024] Instantaneous combustion risk index ,in For the thickness of the debris accumulation, To ensure the maximum thickness of safe debris accumulation, The surface temperature of the debris. The ignition point of current materials, , , The weighting coefficients are 1 and their sum is 1 (in this application) , );when When, trigger an early warning operation; when At that time, a shutdown command is triggered; Cumulative heat risk index , This is the time accumulation factor. For ambient temperature; when Greater than the preset threshold At that time, a shutdown command is triggered; A comprehensive safety prediction index is calculated by combining instantaneous risk and cumulative risk. , The instantaneous risk weight is set to 0.6 in this application.

[0025] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser cutting device for processing drum brake linings, comprising a worktable (1), a sword grid table (2) mounted on the worktable (1) for supporting the workpiece, and two linear motor slide rails (5) symmetrically mounted on the worktable (1), wherein linear motor sliders cooperating with the linear motor slide rails (5) are mounted on the linear motor slide rails (5), and movable seats (3) are fixedly mounted on the two linear motor sliders, and a laser welding machine (4) is slidably mounted in the movable seats (3), characterized in that: A debris collection chamber is provided at the workbench (1) at the lower end of the sword grid (2), and a negative pressure mechanism for suction, filtration and exhaust is installed on the workbench (1). The workbench (1) is equipped with an adaptation and adjustment module and a risk prediction module; The adaptive adjustment module establishes a model of the amount of smoke and dust generated per unit time, calculates the required suction flow rate based on the dust generation model, and introduces smoke and dust concentration feedback for closed-loop correction. Finally, the suction intensity and the actual dust generation are matched in real time through the dynamic adjustment of the electric fan speed. The risk prediction module establishes an instantaneous combustion risk index, assigning different weights to three indicators: smoke concentration, debris accumulation thickness, and debris surface temperature. When the instantaneous index exceeds 0.7, an early warning operation is triggered, and when it exceeds 0.85, a shutdown command is triggered. A cumulative thermal risk index is also established, calculating the cumulative effect of debris exposure time at high temperatures through integration. When the cumulative index exceeds a preset threshold, a shutdown command is triggered. Combining instantaneous risk and cumulative risk, a comprehensive safety prediction index is calculated, realizing the transformation from post-event protection to pre-event prevention.

2. The laser cutting device for processing drum brake linings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data analysis steps for the adaptive adjustment module are as follows: M1: Amount of smoke and debris generated per unit time ,in It is an empirical constant. For material and thickness factor, As the auxiliary gas influencing factor, Material type For material thickness, For cutting speed, Laser power; , He Jun Calibration was achieved through experiments; M2: Calculate the required suction flow rate based on the dust generation model. , The efficiency of the suction port in capturing smoke and dust. To set the upper limit for permissible dust mass concentration; dust concentration feedback is introduced for closed-loop correction: , This represents the real-time smoke and dust concentration. To set the target concentration, For feedback coefficients; M3: Formula for adjusting the speed of the electric fan To achieve dynamic adjustment of suction intensity, This is the proportionality coefficient. This is the minimum operating speed.

3. The laser cutting device for processing drum brake linings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data analysis steps for the risk prediction module are as follows: N1: Obtain smoke and dust concentration Debris accumulation thickness Surface temperature of debris Ambient temperature And current material ignition point data Establish an instantaneous combustion risk index ,in To ensure the maximum thickness of safe debris accumulation, , , The weights are coefficients and their sum is 1; when When an alert is triggered, A shutdown command is triggered at this time; N2: Establishing a cumulative thermal risk index , This is the time accumulation factor. For ambient temperature; when Greater than the preset threshold At that time, a shutdown command is triggered; N3: Calculates a comprehensive safety prediction index by combining instantaneous risk and cumulative risk. , It uses instantaneous risk weights to achieve a shift from post-event protection to pre-event prevention.

4. The laser cutting device for processing drum brake linings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The negative pressure mechanism includes a negative pressure window frame (6) fixedly installed on the outer wall of the workbench (1) and two sets of shielding components installed close to the inner wall of the debris collection chamber in a perpendicular state. A filter box (9) is installed on the side end of the negative pressure window frame (6). A through groove is provided on the workbench (1) to connect the air inlet of the filter box (9) with the upper debris collection chamber.

5. The laser cutting device for processing drum brake linings according to claim 4, characterized in that: Multiple electric inclined plates (7) for opening and closing the negative pressure window frame (6) are installed vertically at intervals on one side of the negative pressure window frame (6).

6. The laser cutting device for processing drum brake linings according to claim 5, characterized in that: Multiple electric fan boxes (8) are installed at intervals on the negative pressure window frame (6). The opening ends of the electric fan boxes (8) are located at the air outlet of the filter box (9) and the electric inclined plate (7) of the negative pressure window frame (6), respectively.

7. The laser cutting device for processing drum brake linings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shielding assembly includes two electric sliders (12) slidably mounted on the inner wall of the debris collection chamber, a locking block that slides synchronously with the electric sliders (12), and a connecting rod (13) installed between the electric sliders (12) and the locking block. Telescopic baffles (14) are connected between the two electric sliders (12) and the two locking blocks. A telescopic baffle (10) connected to the inner wall of the debris collection chamber is provided on the connecting rod (13). Protective baffles (11) for pushing debris from the top of the upper telescopic baffle (10) are symmetrically installed in the debris collection chamber.

8. The laser cutting device for processing drum brake linings according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple support seats (16) are symmetrically installed on the lower peripheral wall of the debris collection chamber. A heat conduction frame (15) is mounted on the support seat (16), and the heat conduction frame (15) is fixed to the support seat (16) by bolts.

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