A machining center for piston rod production
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611272571.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-08-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-29
AI Technical Summary
[0003]此外，传统活塞杆加工设备的尾座多为被动刚性顶紧，无法自动补偿切削热引起的轴向伸长，导致工件的扭曲变形；此外，若活塞杆端部与尾座留有间隙，则会导致工件在切削过程中影响工件的轴向稳定性，尤其在粗切削阶段，切削力大，从而影响整体活塞杆的加工质量
[0021]通过由尾部底座支撑的第一弹性组件持续向套杆施加轴向预紧力，该推力经主支架杆传递至卡盘上的工件，使活塞杆工件始终处于柔性的轴向推紧状态。切削过程中工件温度上升产生轴向热伸长时，工件端部推动卡盘，进而带动主支架杆和套杆克服碟形弹簧组的弹性力向后微量滑动，自动补偿热伸长量，工件不会因刚性约束而产生压缩内应力，从根本上避免了细长活塞杆的热弯曲变形。当切削热减少，工件温度下降收缩时，碟形弹簧组的弹性复位力又推动套杆、主支架杆及卡盘复位，保持工件全程处于无游隙的受推状态。通过碟形弹簧组的弹性浮动，实现了热伸长的实时自适应补偿，有效保障了工件的圆柱度和径向尺寸精度。
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Figure CN122829606A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of piston rod processing equipment technology, specifically a machining center for piston rod production. Background Technology
[0002] As a key component of hydraulic cylinders, pneumatic cylinders, and other actuators, the piston rod is slender and lacks rigidity, making it highly susceptible to bending deformation and vibration during machining due to cutting forces. This results in difficulties in ensuring surface quality and dimensional accuracy. Currently, piston rod machining often employs conventional lathes or milling-turning machines, requiring multiple clamping, support changes, and measurements. This disperses the process, leading to long auxiliary times. Furthermore, the support methods for slender rods are mostly fixed center rests or follow rests, which cannot adapt to changes in cutting forces and have limited vibration suppression effects. Traditional lathes often use center rests or follow rests as follow-up supports, but the three support jaws of conventional follow rests are usually rigid structures, and the support force is often manually adjusted via threads. This prevents dynamic adaptive adjustment based on local blank roundness errors and transient changes in cutting load during the cutting process. If the support force is too large, it can easily bend the workpiece or scratch the machined surface; if the support force is too small, it is ineffective.
[0003] In addition, the tailstock of traditional piston rod machining equipment is mostly passively and rigidly clamped, which cannot automatically compensate for the axial elongation caused by cutting heat, resulting in the distortion and deformation of the workpiece. Furthermore, if there is a gap between the piston rod end and the tailstock, it will affect the axial stability of the workpiece during the cutting process, especially in the rough cutting stage, where the cutting force is large, thus affecting the overall machining quality of the piston rod.
[0004] In summary, there is a need for a manufacturing and machining center that can adaptively absorb vibration forces during piston rod machining to suppress vibration, and automatically compensate for piston rod thermal deformation, in order to improve the machining quality of piston rods. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a machining center for piston rod production that can adaptively absorb vibration during piston rod processing, thereby suppressing vibration, and automatically compensate for piston rod thermal deformation, so as to improve the processing quality of piston rod.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:
[0007] The device includes a main body and an adaptive clamping compensation mechanism. The adaptive clamping compensation mechanism includes an axial compensation mechanism, a tool-following device, and a support assembly. The axial compensation mechanism includes a chuck and a main support rod. One end of the main support rod is connected to the axial compensation mechanism, and the other end of the main support rod is provided with a chuck. The chuck is provided with jaws, and the jaws are provided with replaceable soft jaws. The inner surface of the soft jaws is provided with a positioning cone surface that matches the outer circle of the end of the piston rod to be processed, for fixing the piston rod (not marked in the figure). A sleeve is provided on the side of the main support rod near the chuck. A locking device is provided on the outer circumference of the sleeve along its circumferential direction. In this embodiment, the locking device is preferably a hydraulic clamping sleeve. A first elastic component is provided on the side of the sleeve away from the chuck. The other end of the first elastic component is connected to the tail base. The support assembly includes a damping rod and a support rod.
[0008] The adaptive clamping compensation mechanism is integrally mounted on the main body of the device, located at the lower end of the tool holder. It is used to clamp the workpiece, compensate for axial thermal expansion, and suppress cutting vibration. The adaptive clamping compensation mechanism consists of an axial compensation mechanism, a tool-following device, and a support assembly. The axial compensation mechanism provides axial elastic floating functionality for the piston rod's axial thermal expansion; the tool-following device follows the movement of the cutting tool and drives the support assembly; and the support assembly provides auxiliary support and vibration suppression for the workpiece.
[0009] One end of the main support rod passes through the tail base and is installed within the axial compensation mechanism. The tail base is also installed within the axial compensation mechanism. The main support rod is adapted to the sleeve rod, facilitating the movement of the sleeve rod along the main support rod under external force. The tail base is connected to one end of the first elastic component, which in this example is preferably a disc spring assembly. The other end of the first elastic component abuts against one side of the sleeve rod, continuously applying an axial preload towards the workpiece. A locking device is sleeved on the outside of the sleeve rod. When pressurized oil is introduced into the oil chamber of the hydraulic clamping sleeve, the locking device radially contracts to clamp the sleeve rod, axially locking it. After depressurization, the clamping sleeve releases, and the sleeve rod is in an axially floating state, constrained only by the preload of the first elastic component.
[0010] The follow-tool device moves the support assembly to both sides of the cutting tool, pre-clamping the workpiece. When milling the end of the piston rod or a long workpiece, the follow-tool device moves the support assembly to the side closer to the cutting tool, pre-clamping and supporting the workpiece. During the roughing stage, when the cutting force is large and thermal deformation is not yet significant, the locking device is energized and locked, and the sleeve is axially fixed to prevent the workpiece from moving under strong cutting force against the thrust of the first elastic component. During the finishing stage, the pressure oil of the locking device is turned off, the main support rod is released, and the first elastic component always applies axial thrust, slightly pushing the piston rod workpiece to prevent it from moving during machining and affecting cutting accuracy. As the piston rod workpiece temperature rises during the cutting process and elongates axially, the piston rod workpiece slides slightly backward against the elastic force of the first elastic component, automatically compensating for thermal elongation and preventing the workpiece from bending under axial pressure. When the temperature decreases and the workpiece contracts, the first elastic component pushes the chuck and sleeve back to their original positions, always keeping the workpiece in a stable stress state under thrust. To prevent workpiece thermal expansion, the rigid clamping force prevents thermal deformation, effectively preventing radial elongation.
[0011] Preferably, the damping rod has two hydraulic damping chambers inside, both of which are sealed on the outside and connected internally through throttling holes. The support assembly includes a damping rod, a support roller, a second elastic component, and a support rod.
[0012] Preferably, a throttling orifice is provided between the two hydraulic damping chambers, and damping fluid is provided in the hydraulic damping chambers. When the lower hydraulic damping chamber and the hydraulic damping chamber near the support roller are subjected to the thrust from the support rod, the damping fluid enters the upper hydraulic damping chamber through the throttling orifice to relieve pressure.
[0013] Preferably, one end of the support rod is provided with a second elastic component, which is preferably a spring in this embodiment. The other end of the support rod is hemispherical and disposed inside the damping rod. The hemispherical end slides and fits into the lower hydraulic damping cavity of the damping rod and is adapted to fit the wall of the hydraulic damping cavity to form a piston-like structure. The other end of the second elastic component is provided with a support roller. There are two support components, located at both ends of the follow-tool device. In this embodiment, preferably, each support component is provided with three damping rods, and the three damping rods are arranged on the same circumference. The included angle between two adjacent damping rods is 120°. Each damping rod has a support roller, a second elastic component, and a support rod on the side closest to the workpiece. The structure of each damping rod is exactly the same. The damping rod has two hydraulic damping cavities inside. The outer sides of the two hydraulic damping cavities are reliably sealed, and the inside is filled with damping fluid. The two hydraulic damping cavities are connected by a throttling orifice. The diameter and length of the throttling orifice are set according to the required damping characteristics. When the damping fluid flows through the throttling orifice, a pressure drop is generated, thereby dissipating energy.
[0014] During cutting, the follow-tool device moves the support assembly to both sides of the cutting tool. The support assembly pre-clamps the workpiece; that is, the support rollers clamp the workpiece under the action of the second elastic component. When milling the end of the piston rod or a longer workpiece, the follow-tool device moves the support assembly to the side closer to the cutting tool, pre-clamping and supporting the workpiece. Vibration occurs during the cutting stage, especially in the roughing stage, where the cutting force is high, the vibration frequency is high, and the vibration force is large. At this time, the vibration force is transmitted to the support rod through the support roller and the second elastic component. The hemispherical structure at the end of the support rod moves upward in the hydraulic damping cavity within the damping rod, pushing the damping fluid at the lower end through the throttling orifice into the upper hydraulic damping cavity to cancel out the force generated by the vibration. When the vibration force ends, the second elastic component resets, and the hemispherical structure at the end of the support rod moves downward in the hydraulic damping cavity within the damping rod. The damping fluid at the upper end moves through the throttling orifice into the lower hydraulic damping cavity, thus canceling out the vibration force generated by the workpiece. This avoids excessive rigid support force, which could easily bend the workpiece or scratch the machined surface, while insufficient support force would render it ineffective, thereby improving the machining quality of the workpiece.
[0015] Preferably, there are two chucks, each with jaws. Each jaw has a replaceable soft jaw, and the inner surface of the soft jaw has a positioning cone that matches the outer circle of the piston rod end to be processed, for fixing the piston rod.
[0016] Preferably, the two chucks are located on the same axis, which facilitates the provision of a continuous and stable clamping force to both ends of the workpiece.
[0017] Preferably, the follow-tool device is located between two chucks, and the output end of the follow-tool device is equipped with a stepper motor (not shown in the figure). The stepper motor drives the follow-tool device to move on the lead screw, so as to synchronously follow the cutting tool.
[0018] Preferably, this embodiment has two support components, both of which are mounted on the tool-following device and located at both ends of the tool-following device. The tool-following device moves the support components to both ends of the cutting tool. When milling the end of the piston rod or a long workpiece, the tool-following device moves the support components to the side closer to the cutting tool, which facilitates pre-clamping of the workpiece at both ends of the tool and absorption of workpiece vibration.
[0019] Preferably, the output end of the device body is equipped with a tool holder, and the end of the tool holder is equipped with a cutting tool. A cutting fluid pipe is located on the side of the device body near the tool holder. The device body serves as the mounting base for the entire mechanism, integrating a tool holder slide and a cutting tool moving guide. The output end of the device body is equipped with a tool holder, and the end of the tool holder is detachably clamped with a cutting tool. The cutting tool processes the workpiece by rotating. The cutting fluid pipe is fixed on the side of the device body near the tool holder, and the nozzle of the cutting fluid pipe faces the cutting area, allowing cutting fluid to be sprayed into the cutting area during processing to reduce the temperature of the workpiece and tool, flush away chips, and improve the surface quality of the machined surface.
[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0021] Axial preload is continuously applied to the sleeve rod by a first elastic component supported by the tail base. This thrust is transmitted to the workpiece on the chuck via the main support rod, keeping the piston rod workpiece in a flexible axially pushed state at all times. During the cutting process, when the workpiece temperature rises and causes axial thermal elongation, the end of the workpiece pushes the chuck, which in turn causes the main support rod and sleeve rod to slide backward slightly against the elastic force of the disc spring assembly, automatically compensating for the thermal elongation. The workpiece will not generate compressive internal stress due to rigid constraints, fundamentally avoiding thermal bending deformation of the slender piston rod. When the cutting heat decreases and the workpiece temperature drops and contracts, the elastic restoring force of the disc spring assembly pushes the sleeve rod, main support rod, and chuck back to their original positions, keeping the workpiece in a push-pull state with no backlash throughout the entire process. Through the elastic floating of the disc spring assembly, real-time adaptive compensation for thermal elongation is achieved, effectively ensuring the cylindricity and radial dimensional accuracy of the workpiece.
[0022] The second elastic component provides preload to the support rollers, ensuring they remain in contact with the workpiece's outer diameter, thus forming a three-point stable support. When cutting vibrations are transmitted to the support rollers via the workpiece, the small diameter of the throttling orifice creates significant throttling resistance as the damping fluid flows, rapidly dissipating the mechanical energy of the vibrations. The three evenly distributed damping rods can simultaneously absorb vibrations from all radial directions, effectively preventing excessive rigid support force from bending or scratching the workpiece during heavy roughing cuts. It also solves the problem of insufficient support force rendering it ineffective, significantly improving the surface quality of both roughing and finishing processes. Attached Figure Description
[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the device of the present invention;
[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive clamping compensation mechanism of the present invention;
[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the axial compensation mechanism of the present invention;
[0026] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the axial compensation mechanism of the present invention;
[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support component of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the damping rod of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the throttling orifice structure of the present invention.
[0030] In the diagram: 1. Main body of the device; 2. Adaptive clamping compensation mechanism; 21. Axial compensation mechanism; 211. Chuck; 212. Main support rod; 213. Sleeve rod; 214. Locking device; 215. Tail base; 216. First elastic component; 22. Tool following device; 23. Support component; 231. Damping rod; 2311. Hydraulic damping chamber; 2312. Throttling orifice; 232. Support roller; 233. Second elastic component; 234. Support rod; 3. Tool holder; 4. Cutting fluid pipe. Detailed Implementation
[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0032] Example 1: As Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a machining center for piston rod production.
[0033] The device includes a main body 1, a main support rod 212, and a chuck 211. The main support rod 212 is fixed to the main body 1, and the chuck 211 is installed at one end of the main support rod 212. Two chucks 211 are provided, located on the same axis, and each chuck 211 has jaws for clamping the two ends of the piston rod. A tool holder 3 is installed at the output end of the main body 1, and a cutting tool is mounted at the end of the tool holder 3. A cutting fluid pipe 4 is fixed to the side of the main body 1 near the tool holder 3, with the nozzle of the cutting fluid pipe 4 facing the cutting area. A support assembly 23 is fixed to a follower device 22. The support assembly 23 includes a support rod 234 and a support roller 232. One end of the support rod 234 is equipped with the support roller 232, and the other end is connected to the follower device 22. During cutting, the follower device 22 moves the support assembly 23 closer to both sides of the cutting tool, and the support roller 232 presses against the workpiece surface, providing auxiliary support to the workpiece. The milling center positions the workpiece using a chuck 211, which works in conjunction with the tool holder follower and support assembly 23 to achieve stable machining of shaft-type workpieces such as piston rods.
[0034] Example 2: As Figure 1 - Figure 7 As shown, the present invention provides a machining center for piston rod production.
[0035] The device includes a main body 1 and an adaptive clamping compensation mechanism 2. The adaptive clamping compensation mechanism 2 includes an axial compensation mechanism 21, a tool-following device 22, and a support assembly 23. The axial compensation mechanism 21 includes a chuck 211 and a main support rod 212. One end of the main support rod 212 is connected to the axial compensation mechanism 21, and the other end of the main support rod 212 is provided with the chuck 211. The chuck 211 is provided with jaws, and the jaws are provided with replaceable soft jaws. The inner surface of the soft jaws is adapted to the outer circle of the piston rod end to be processed. The positioning cone surface is used to fix the piston rod, which is not marked in the figure. The main support rod 212 is provided with a sleeve rod 213 on the side near the chuck 211. A locking device 214 is provided on the outer periphery of the sleeve rod 213 along its circumferential direction. In this embodiment, the locking device 214 is preferably a hydraulic clamping sleeve. A first elastic component 216 is provided on the side of the sleeve rod 213 away from the chuck 211. The other end of the first elastic component 216 is connected to the tail base 215. The support component 23 includes a damping rod 231 and a support rod 234.
[0036] The adaptive clamping compensation mechanism 2 is mounted on the main body 1 of the device, located at the lower end of the tool holder 3, and is used to clamp the workpiece, compensate for axial thermal expansion, and suppress cutting vibration. The adaptive clamping compensation mechanism 2 consists of an axial compensation mechanism 21, a tool-following device 22, and a support assembly 23. The axial compensation mechanism 21 provides axial elastic floating function for the axial thermal expansion of the piston rod, the tool-following device 22 follows the movement of the cutting tool and drives the support assembly 23, and the support assembly 23 provides auxiliary support and vibration suppression for the workpiece.
[0037] One end of the main support rod 212 passes through the tail base 215 and is installed inside the axial compensation mechanism 21. The tail base 215 is also installed inside the axial compensation mechanism 21. The main support rod 212 is adapted to the sleeve rod 213, facilitating the movement of the sleeve rod 213 along the main support rod 212 under external force. The tail base 215 is connected to one end of the first elastic component 216, which is preferably a disc spring assembly in this embodiment. The other end of the first elastic component 216 abuts against one side of the sleeve rod 213, continuously applying an axial preload towards the workpiece direction to the sleeve rod 213. The locking device 214 is sleeved on the outside of the sleeve rod 213. When pressurized oil is introduced into the oil chamber of the hydraulic clamping sleeve, the locking device 214 radially contracts to clamp the sleeve rod 213, axially locking it. After depressurization, the clamping sleeve loosens, and the sleeve rod 213 is in an axially floating state, constrained only by the preload of the first elastic component 216.
[0038] The follower device 22 moves the support assembly 23 to both sides of the cutting tool, and the support assembly 23 pre-clamps the workpiece. When milling the end of the piston rod or a long workpiece, the follower device 22 moves the support assembly 23 to the side close to the cutting tool to pre-clamp and support the workpiece. During the roughing stage, when the cutting force is large and the thermal deformation is not significant, the locking device 214 is locked by oil, and the sleeve 213 is axially fixed to prevent the workpiece from moving under the strong cutting force against the thrust of the first elastic component 216. During the finishing stage, the pressure oil of the locking device 214 is shut off, the main support rod 212 is released, and the first elastic component 216 continuously applies axial thrust, slightly tightening the piston rod workpiece to prevent it from moving during machining and affecting cutting accuracy. As the piston rod workpiece temperature rises and elongates axially during cutting, the piston rod workpiece slides slightly backward against the elastic force of the first elastic component 216, automatically compensating for thermal elongation and preventing the workpiece from bending under axial pressure. When the temperature decreases and the workpiece contracts, the first elastic component 216 pushes the chuck 211 and sleeve 213 back to their original position, always keeping the workpiece in a stable stress state under thrust. This effectively prevents thermal elongation of the workpiece, as the rigid clamping force prevents thermal deformation and effectively addresses the issue of radial elongation.
[0039] Preferably, the damping rod 231 has a hydraulic damping cavity 2311 inside. There are two hydraulic damping cavities 2311, and the two hydraulic damping cavities 2311 are sealed on the outside and connected to each other through a throttling hole 2312. The support assembly 23 includes the damping rod 231, the support roller 232, the second elastic assembly 233, and the support rod 234.
[0040] Preferably, a throttling orifice 2312 is provided between the two hydraulic damping chambers 2311, and damping fluid is provided in the hydraulic damping chambers 2311. When the lower hydraulic damping chamber 2311 and the hydraulic damping chamber 2311 near the support roller 232 are subjected to the thrust from the support rod 234, the damping fluid enters the upper hydraulic damping chamber 2311 through the throttling orifice 2312 to relieve pressure.
[0041] Preferably, one end of the support rod 234 is provided with a second elastic component 233, which is preferably a spring in this embodiment. The other end of the support rod 234 is hemispherical and disposed inside the damping rod 231. The hemispherical end is slidably fitted in the lower hydraulic damping cavity 2311 of the damping rod 231 and is adapted to fit the wall of the hydraulic damping cavity 2311 to form a piston-like structure. The other end of the second elastic component 233 is provided with a support roller 232. There are two support components 23, located at both ends of the tool-following device 22. In this embodiment, preferably, each of the two support components 23 is provided with three damping rods 231, and the three damping rods 231 are arranged on the same circumference. The included angle between two adjacent damping rods 231 is 120°. Each damping rod 231 is provided with a support roller 232, a second elastic component 233 and a support rod 234 on the side closest to the workpiece. Each damping rod 231 has an identical structure. Each damping rod 231 has two hydraulic damping chambers 2311 inside, both of which are reliably sealed on the outside and filled with damping fluid. The two hydraulic damping chambers 2311 are connected by a throttling orifice 2312. The diameter and length of the throttling orifice 2312 are set according to the required damping characteristics. When the damping fluid flows through the throttling orifice 2312, a pressure drop is generated, thereby dissipating energy.
[0042] During cutting, the follow-tool device 22 moves the support assembly 23 to both sides of the cutting tool. The support assembly 23 pre-clamps the workpiece, that is, the support roller 232 clamps the workpiece under the action of the second elastic component 233. When milling the end of the piston rod or a longer workpiece, the follow-tool device 22 moves the support assembly 23 to the side closer to the cutting tool to pre-clamp and support the workpiece. Vibration will occur during the cutting stage, especially in the roughing stage, where the cutting force is large, the vibration frequency is high, and the vibration force is large. At this time, the vibration force is transmitted to the support rod 234 through the support roller 232 and the second elastic component 233. The hemispherical structure at the end of the support rod 234 moves upward in the hydraulic damping cavity 2311 within the damping rod 231, pushing the damping fluid at the lower end through the throttling hole 2312 into the upper hydraulic damping cavity 2311 to cancel out the force generated by the vibration. When the vibration force ends, the second elastic component 233 resets, and the hemispherical structure at the end of the support rod 234 moves downward in the hydraulic damping cavity 2311 within the damping rod 231. The damping fluid at the upper end moves through the throttling hole 2312 into the lower hydraulic damping cavity 2311, thus canceling out the vibration force generated by the workpiece. This avoids excessive rigid support force, which could easily bend the workpiece or scratch the machined surface, while insufficient support force would render it ineffective, thereby improving the processing quality of the workpiece.
[0043] Preferably, there are two chucks 211, each with a jaw. Each jaw has a replaceable soft jaw, and the inner surface of the soft jaw has a positioning cone surface that matches the outer circle of the piston rod end to be processed, for fixing the piston rod.
[0044] Preferably, the two chucks 211 are located on the same axis, which facilitates providing a continuous and stable clamping force to both ends of the workpiece.
[0045] Preferably, the tool following device 22 is disposed between two chucks 211. The output end of the tool following device 22 is equipped with a stepper motor, which is not shown in the figure. The stepper motor drives the tool following device 22 to move on the lead screw and synchronously follow the cutting tool.
[0046] Preferably, in this embodiment, two support components 23 are provided. Both support components 23 are provided on the follower device 22 and are located at both ends of the follower device 22. The follower device 22 drives the support components 23 to move to both ends of the cutting tool. When milling the end of the piston rod or a long workpiece, the follower device 22 drives the support components 23 to move to the side closer to the cutting tool, which facilitates the pre-clamping of the workpiece at both ends of the tool and the absorption of workpiece vibration.
[0047] Preferably, the output end of the device body 1 is provided with a tool holder 3, and a cutting tool is provided at the end of the tool holder 3. A cutting fluid pipe 4 is provided on the side of the device body 1 near the tool holder 3. The device body 1 serves as the mounting base for the entire mechanism, and integrates a tool holder slide and a cutting tool moving guide rail. The tool holder 3 is mounted on the output end of the device body 1, and the cutting tool is detachably clamped at the end of the tool holder 3. The cutting tool processes the workpiece by rotating. The cutting fluid pipe 4 is fixed on the side of the device body 1 near the tool holder 3. The nozzle of the cutting fluid pipe 4 faces the cutting area, and can spray cutting fluid into the cutting area during processing to reduce the temperature of the workpiece and the tool, flush away chips, and improve the surface quality of the machined part.
[0048] The working principle of this invention is as follows: When machining the piston rod, the two ends of the workpiece are positioned and clamped by the chuck 211. The tool-following device 22 drives the support assembly 23 to move to both sides of the cutting tool. The support roller 232 is pressed against the outer circle of the workpiece under the preload of the second elastic assembly 233. During the roughing stage, the cutting force is large. The locking device 214 introduces pressure oil to radially contract and tighten the sleeve rod 213, so that the main support rod 212 is axially locked and can withstand strong cutting. At this time, the radial vibration is transmitted to the damping rod 231 through the support roller 232 and the support rod 234. The hemispherical end of the support rod 234 squeezes the damping fluid in the lower hydraulic damping cavity 2311, forcing the damping fluid to flow into the upper hydraulic damping cavity 2311 through the throttling hole 2312. The throttling damping consumes the vibration energy and rapidly attenuates the vibration. During the finishing stage, the locking device 214 is released and loosened, and the sleeve rod 213 is only pushed by the disc spring group of the first elastic component 216, which slightly tightens the workpiece axially. When the cutting heat causes the workpiece to elongate, the workpiece pushes the chuck 211 and the sleeve rod 213 to slide backward slightly against the spring force, automatically compensating for the thermal elongation and avoiding bending deformation. When the temperature decreases and the workpiece shrinks, the first elastic component 216 tightens again, always keeping the workpiece in a state of push stress without clearance.
[0049] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A machining center for piston rod production, comprising a main body (1) and an adaptive clamping compensation mechanism (2), characterized in that: The adaptive clamping compensation mechanism (2) includes an axial compensation mechanism (21), a tool following device (22), and a support assembly (23). The axial compensation mechanism (21) includes a chuck (211) and a main support rod (212). One end of the main support rod (212) is connected to the axial compensation mechanism (21), and the other end of the main support rod (212) is provided with a chuck (211). A sleeve rod (213) is provided on the side of the main support rod (212) near the chuck (211). A locking device (214) is provided on the outer periphery of the sleeve rod (213) along its circumferential direction. A first elastic component (216) is provided on the side of the sleeve rod (213) away from the chuck (211). The other end of the first elastic component (216) is connected to the tail base (215). The support assembly (23) includes a damping rod (231) and a support rod (234).
2. The machining center for piston rod production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The damping rod (231) has a hydraulic damping cavity (2311) inside, and there are two hydraulic damping cavities (2311).
3. The machining center for piston rod production according to claim 2, characterized in that: A throttling orifice (2312) is provided between the two hydraulic damping chambers (2311).
4. A machining center for piston rod production according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the support rod (234) is provided with a second elastic component (233), and the other end of the support rod (234) is hemispherically disposed inside the damping rod (231). The other end of the second elastic component (233) is provided with a support roller (232).
5. A machining center for piston rod production according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two chucks (211), and both chucks (211) are equipped with chuck claws.
6. A machining center for piston rod production according to claim 5, characterized in that: The two chucks (211) are located on the same axis.
7. A machining center for piston rod production according to claim 6, characterized in that: The follow-cut device (22) is located between two chucks (211).
8. A machining center for piston rod production according to claim 7, characterized in that: The support component (23) is mounted on the follower device (22).
9. A machining center for piston rod production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the device body (1) is provided with a tool holder (3), and a cutting fluid pipe (4) is provided on the side of the device body (1) near the tool holder (3).