Self-centering conical surface high-precision tool and positioning method

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of positioning tooling technology, specifically relating to a high-precision tooling and positioning method for a self-centering conical surface. It includes a support platform, a column, and a cone connected vertically in sequence. The column has a pad, a second pressure plate located on top of the pad, and a locking bolt and nut. The invention also includes: a first positioning pin hole at the top of the support platform; and a locking mechanism at the top of the cone. The cone includes a supporting conical surface and a first threaded hole on the supporting conical surface. The top of the cone has a second positioning pin hole and a second threaded hole inside the second positioning pin hole. The supporting conical surface is used for one-time workpiece alignment, and the second pressure plate cooperates with the locking bolt and nut. This invention completes workpiece alignment in one operation, avoiding frequent tooling changes and repeated alignment, and solving the problem of limiting the ability to perform multi-faceted composite machining of workpieces with conical surfaces in a single clamping and alignment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of positioning tooling technology, specifically relating to a self-centering conical high-precision tooling and positioning method. Background Technology

[0002] Tooling is used to position workpieces during machining. For example, when milling a workpiece with a tapered surface on a CNC machining center, by designing positioning surfaces with the same taper, the workpiece can always be in a unique and correct machining position. Tooling can transform difficult-to-machine features on the workpiece's tapered surface (such as inclined holes or inclined surfaces) into directions that are easy for CNC machining centers to mill.

[0003] When using existing tooling to clamp workpieces with conical surfaces, a threaded post is often welded to the top of the cone. The threaded post passes through a pre-drilled hole in the workpiece, and then a nut is screwed on until the workpiece is clamped, thus completing the workpiece loading.

[0004] However, when actually positioning the workpiece, the threaded column may cause spatial interference to the machining path of the workpiece's conical top surface or outer extension. This results in the workpiece having to frequently change tooling when machining different exterior surfaces, or even relying on multiple clamping and repeated alignment, which restricts the ability of workpieces with conical surfaces to complete multi-face composite machining in a single clamping and alignment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-precision tooling and positioning method for a self-centering conical surface, which can complete the workpiece alignment in one go, avoid frequent tooling changes and repeated alignment, and solve the problem that restricts the ability of workpieces with conical surfaces to complete multi-face composite machining in a single clamping and alignment.

[0006] The specific technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: A high-precision self-centering conical surface tooling includes a support platform, a column, and a cone connected vertically in sequence. The column is externally fitted with a pad, a second pressure plate located on top of the pad, and locking bolts and nuts. The tooling also includes: The first positioning pin hole is located at the top of the support platform; A locking mechanism is located at the top of the cone. The cone includes a supporting cone surface and a first threaded hole opened on the supporting cone surface. The top of the cone is provided with a second positioning pin hole and a second threaded hole opened inside the second positioning pin hole. The supporting conical surface is used for one-time alignment of the workpiece, and the second pressure plate that cooperates with the locking bolt and nut, the locking mechanism that cooperates with the second threaded hole, and the first threaded hole that cooperates with the screw are used for multi-face clamping after the workpiece is aligned once.

[0007] As an alternative, the support platform has a positioning slope along its tangential direction at its edge, which is used for aligning the first threaded hole and the second positioning pin hole.

[0008] As an optional solution, the top of the column is provided with a supporting ring surface and a slope for avoiding gaps; The supporting ring surface is used to support the bottom of the workpiece, and the avoidance slope surface is used to avoid the processing path at the bottom of the workpiece.

[0009] As an alternative, the number of the first threaded holes is configured to be at least three, one of which is aligned with the central axis of the second locating pin hole, for the through hole at the top of the workpiece to be aligned with the second locating pin hole.

[0010] As an alternative, the second locating pin hole is elliptical and avoids the extension of the workpiece. The number of the second locating pin holes is configured to be two, and the two second locating pin holes are symmetrically distributed relative to the central axis of the cone.

[0011] As an optional solution, the locking mechanism includes a positioning block and a locking countersunk bolt disposed at the top of the cone, wherein the positioning block has a third mounting pin hole in the middle for the thread of the locking countersunk bolt to pass through; The locking countersunk bolt is used to pass through the workpiece and the third mounting pin hole, and is tightened with the second threaded hole through the thread to achieve clamping of the top of the workpiece.

[0012] As an optional solution, a first pressure plate for pressing the workpiece is provided between the two positioning blocks, and the thickness of the first pressure plate is less than the thickness of the positioning block; The positioning block and the first pressure plate are used to limit the workpiece in the transverse and vertical directions of the cone, respectively.

[0013] As an alternative, the first pressure plate has a wave-shaped ventilation groove along the axis of symmetry of the positioning block. The vertical surface of the ventilation groove port is used to block iron filings and allows airflow and / or cutting fluid to pass through.

[0014] As an alternative, the two vertical sides of the ventilation slot port are inclined outward at an angle of not less than 15°, and the inclined surface of the ventilation slot port is used to increase the flow rate of its airflow and / or cutting fluid.

[0015] A positioning method for a self-centering conical high-precision tooling, using the self-centering conical high-precision tooling as described, includes the following steps: Alignment: Fit the tapered groove of the workpiece onto the cone, so that the bottom of the workpiece rests on the top of the column, while the column avoids the machining path of the bottom of the workpiece, leaving machining space. First clamping: Place pad blocks and second pressure plates on both sides of the support platform, press the end of the second pressure plate against the bottom outer circle of the workpiece, and maintain a distance from the outer surface of the workpiece. Then, insert the bolt of the locking bolt and nut through the key hole of the second pressure plate until it is inserted into the first positioning pin hole along the thread and the second pressure plate is locked, so that the second pressure plate presses the workpiece. First machining: Select a reference surface on the workpiece, start the CNC machining center, select and set the tool, close the protective door, and control the CNC machining center to mill along the outer circle of the workpiece through the preset program to obtain the blank; Second processing: The CNC machining center is controlled by a preset program to mill the outside of the blank, leaving an extension, and two positioning holes are milled on the top of the blank to obtain the intermediate body. The processing is stopped, the protective door is opened and the intermediate body is blown clean with an air gun. Second clamping: Remove the pad, second pressure plate and locking bolts and nuts, use an air gun to blow out the positioning hole of the intermediate body, and after cleaning, clamp the top of the intermediate body with the locking mechanism and the top of the cone. Third machining: The CNC machining center is controlled by a preset program to mill along the outer circle of the intermediate body to remove the excess part at the bottom of the intermediate body. After milling, the tool is changed and three positioning threaded holes are drilled on the conical surface of the intermediate body to obtain the subsequent part. Third clamping: Remove the locking mechanism, release the top locking state of the rear component, and then use a screwdriver to pass the screw through the first threaded hole and the positioning threaded hole of the rear component to lock the rear component from the bottom; Fourth processing: The CNC machining center is controlled by a preset program to mill and drill the extension of the subsequent part to obtain the finished product.

[0016] The technical effects achieved by this invention are as follows: This invention provides a high-precision self-centering conical surface fixture that completes workpiece alignment in one step, avoiding frequent fixture changes and repeated alignment. During processing, different clamping points are used for different exterior surfaces, ensuring that the alignment action serves as the benchmark for the entire processing, thus solving the problem that limits the ability to perform multi-faceted composite machining on workpieces with conical surfaces in a single clamping and alignment.

[0017] This invention provides a high-precision self-centering conical surface fixture. When locking the workpiece, a pre-reserved channel allows airflow and / or cutting fluid to flow along it. The airflow and cutting fluid can carry away heat from the workpiece, ensuring uniform heat dissipation and eliminating blind spots, thus reducing residual metal filings.

[0018] This invention provides a high-precision self-centering conical surface fixture. The fixture is horizontally positioned using a positioning slope, allowing the workpiece's extension and positioning holes to automatically align with the slope as a reference. This enables the machining of multiple exterior surfaces with a single alignment, avoiding frequent fixture changes and repetitive alignments. Using a single reference to guide the entire machining process improves the machining accuracy of workpieces with conical surfaces. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a self-centering conical high-precision tooling installed in a machining center according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the invention Figure 1 A top view of a self-centering conical high-precision tooling; Figure 3 This is the invention Figure 2 A structural schematic diagram showing the installation status of the central support platform, columns, and cone; Figure 4 This is the invention Figure 3 A top view of the central support platform, columns, and cone in their installation state; Figure 5 This is the invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the supporting platform, columns, and cone bearing the workpiece; Figure 6 This is the invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the central support platform, columns, and cone clamping the workpiece; Figure 7 This is the invention Figure 3 Exploded view of the workpiece supported by the central support platform, columns, and cone; Figure 8 This is the invention Figure 3 Cross-sectional view of the installation status of the central support platform, columns, and cone; Figure 9 This is the invention Figure 7 Top view of the middle positioning block and the first pressure plate; Figure 10 This is the invention Figure 9 First bottom view of the middle positioning block and the first pressure plate; Figure 11 This is the invention Figure 9 Second bottom view of the center positioning block and the first pressure plate; Figure 12 This is the invention Figure 1 A top view of a workpiece machined by a self-centering conical high-precision tooling; Figure 13 This is a flowchart of a positioning method for a self-centering conical high-precision tooling according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention; Figure 14 This is the invention Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a positioning method for clamping a workpiece using a self-centering conical high-precision tooling; Figure 15 This is the invention Figure 13 A schematic diagram of a positioning method for machining products using a self-centering conical high-precision tooling; Figure 16 This is the invention Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the first machining of the workpiece; Figure 17 This is the invention Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the second machining of the workpiece; Figure 18 This is the invention Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the third machining of the workpiece; Figure 19 This is the invention Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the fourth machining of the workpiece.

[0020] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Base; 101. First mounting pin hole; 102. Clearance hole; 2. Support platform; 201. Second mounting pin hole; 202. Positioning slope; 203. First positioning pin hole; 3. Column; 301. Avoidance slope; 302. Support ring surface; 4. Cone; 401. Supporting conical surface; 402. First threaded hole; 403. Second locating pin hole; 404. Second threaded hole; 5. Locking mechanism; 501. Positioning block; 502. First pressure plate; 503. Third mounting pin hole; 504. Locking countersunk bolt; 505. Ventilation slot; 6. Spacer blocks; 7. Second pressure plate; 8. Tighten the bolts and nuts. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be specifically described below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the following text is merely used to describe one or more specific embodiments of the invention and does not strictly limit the scope of protection specifically claimed by the invention. Example 1

[0022] like Figures 1-12 As shown, a self-centering conical high-precision tooling can be applied to, for example... Figure 1The CNC machining center shown includes a support platform 2, column 3, cone 4, pad 6 and second pressure plate 7 pre-milled by the CNC machining center, and pre-customized locking bolts and nuts 8 (e.g. M10×50) and locking mechanism 5 of specified size. During installation, the support platform 2 is fixed to the worktable of the CNC machining center by hexagonal bolts, so that the cone 4 is exposed in the machining area of ​​the spindle and the tool. During loading, the worker places the tapered groove of the workpiece onto the cone 4, so that the workpiece and the cone 4 automatically fit against the tapered surface and are positioned at the center. The workpiece is aligned in one go through the cone 4. The second pressure plate 7, which cooperates with the locking bolt and nut 8, the locking mechanism 5, which cooperates with the top of the cone 4, and the screws, which cooperate with the side of the cone 4, are used to press the bottom edge, top, and side of the workpiece in sequence. This avoids frequent tooling changes and repeated alignment. At least three outer surfaces of the workpiece can be milled by the CNC machining center, solving the problem that restricts the ability of workpieces with tapered surfaces to complete multi-face composite machining in one clamping and alignment.

[0023] See attached document Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 During the installation of the self-centering conical high-precision tooling on the CNC machining center, the workers pre-install the base 1 into the designated position on the worktable and level it using hexagonal bolts. For example, eight hexagonal bolts are inserted into the first mounting pin hole 101 and locked with nuts to the slide groove of the worktable. The base 1 also has a pre-reserved clearance hole 102 to provide an installation position for the hexagonal bolts supporting the platform 2.

[0024] See attached document Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 When the staff installs the support platform 2, they place the support platform 2 in the designated position of the base 1, level it with a jumper, insert the hexagonal bolt into the second mounting pin hole 201 and thread it into the clearance hole 102. Since the column 3 and the cone 4 are vertically welded to the top of the support platform 2 in sequence, the preparation work for the self-centering cone surface high-precision tooling is completed.

[0025] See attached document Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The top of the column 3 is provided with a support ring surface 302 and a clearance slope surface 301. When the workpiece is loaded, the worker puts the conical groove of the workpiece into the cone 4 so that the bottom of the workpiece falls on the support ring surface 302. The support ring surface 302 is used to support the bottom of the workpiece, while the clearance slope surface 301 is used to avoid the processing path of the bottom of the workpiece and leave processing space.

[0026] See attached document Figure 3 and Figure 5The cone 4 includes a support cone surface 401 pre-milled according to the production process. The workpiece's conical groove fits into the support cone surface 401, automatically completing the alignment, saving time and effort.

[0027] See attached document Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 After the workpiece is placed stably, the workers place pads 6 and the second pressure plate 7 on both sides of the support platform 2, press the end of the second pressure plate 7 against the bottom outer circle of the workpiece, and maintain a distance from the outer surface of the workpiece. Then, the bolt of the locking bolt nut 8 is passed through the key hole of the second pressure plate 7 until it is inserted into the first positioning pin hole 203 along the thread. If the bolt passes into the slide groove of the worktable, the nut can be installed on the bolt along the thread to lock the second pressure plate 7, so that the second pressure plate 7 presses the workpiece, and the first clamping is completed.

[0028] At this point, the staff selects a reference surface on the workpiece, starts the CNC machining center, selects and sets the tool, closes the protective door, and controls the CNC machining center to perform the first machining through a preset program, milling along the outer circle of the workpiece to obtain a blank.

[0029] Meanwhile, the CNC machining center is controlled by a preset program to perform a second machining process, milling the outside of the blank to leave an extension, and milling two positioning holes on the top of the blank to obtain an intermediate body. The machining is then stopped, the protective door is opened, and the intermediate body is blown clean with an air gun.

[0030] See attached document Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The top of the cone 4 is provided with a second positioning pin hole 403 and a second threaded hole 404 inside the second positioning pin hole 403. After the second processing, the workers unscrew the nuts of the locking bolt nut 8 to release the compression state of the intermediate body, and remove the pad 6, the second pressure plate 7 and the locking bolt nut 8. Meanwhile, the staff used the locking mechanism 5 to lock the top of the cone 4 between the positioning hole of the intermediate body and complete the second clamping. After closing the protective door, the CNC machining center was controlled by the preset program to perform the third machining. The outer circle of the intermediate body was milled to remove the excess part at the bottom of the intermediate body. After milling, the tool was changed and three positioning threaded holes were drilled on the cone surface of the intermediate body to obtain the final part.

[0031] See attached document Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9The locking mechanism 5 includes a positioning block 501 and a locking countersunk bolt 504. The positioning block 501 has a third mounting pin hole 503 in the middle for the threaded countersunk bolt 504 to pass through. During installation, the staff uses an air gun to blow clean the positioning hole of the intermediate body. After cleaning, the positioning block 501 is inserted into the positioning hole and partially submerged in the second positioning pin hole 403 at the top of the cone 4. The locking countersunk bolt 504 passes through the intermediate body and the third mounting pin hole 503. It is tightened by the threaded connection with the second threaded hole 404 to achieve the clamping of the top of the intermediate body and achieve the third clamping.

[0032] In this way, the locking mechanism 5 is used to fix the intermediate body at the top, preventing the intermediate body from loosening during the third processing, and also leaving processing space for the milling toolpath of the intermediate body.

[0033] See attached document Figure 7 and Figure 9 A first pressure plate 502 is welded between the two positioning blocks 501 (or formed by integrated milling). The first pressure plate 502 is used to press the workpiece. The thickness of the first pressure plate 502 is less than the thickness of the positioning block 501, so that the positioning block 501 has enough length below the first pressure plate 502 to be inserted into the top of the cone 4. When locked, the positioning block 501 and the first pressure plate 502 are used to limit the workpiece in the transverse and vertical directions along the cone 4, respectively, to improve the stability during the third processing.

[0034] See attached document Figure 10 and Figure 11 The first pressure plate 502 has a wave-shaped ventilation groove 505 along the axis of symmetry of the positioning block 501. In the third processing, the vertical surface of the port of the ventilation groove 505 is used to block iron chips, and the ventilation groove 505 can circulate airflow and cutting fluid to make the intermediate body cool evenly. After the third processing, the workers used an air gun to blow away the intermediate body. The ventilation slot 505 allows airflow to pass through, reducing blind spots in the blowing process and allowing the airflow to carry away the iron filings.

[0035] See attached document Figure 10 and Figure 11 The two vertical sides of the ventilation slot 505 port are inclined outward at an angle of not less than 15° to facilitate the entry of airflow and cutting fluid. The inclined surface of the ventilation slot 505 port is used to increase the flow rate of airflow and cutting fluid, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the intermediate body.

[0036] See attached document Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 12The first threaded hole 402 is provided on the support cone surface 401. After the third processing, the processing is stopped, the protective door is opened and the rear part is blown clean with an air gun. The workers use a screwdriver to remove the locking countersunk bolt 504 and pull out the positioning block 501 to release the top locking state of the rear part. Then, the rear part is locked from the bottom by passing a screw through the first threaded hole 402 and the positioning threaded hole of the rear part, and the fourth clamping is completed. After closing the protective door, the CNC machining center is controlled by a preset program to perform the fourth machining, milling and drilling the extension of the subsequent part to obtain the finished product. The machining is then stopped, the protective door is opened and blown clean with an air gun, and then the screws are removed with a screwdriver to release the locking state of the finished product for removal.

[0037] See attached document Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 The number of first threaded holes 402 is configured to be at least three, one of which is directly opposite the central axis of the second locating pin hole 403. The through hole at the top of the workpiece is aligned with the second locating pin hole 403, so that the through hole, the first threaded hole 402, and the second locating pin hole 403 avoid the machining path of the outer surface of the workpiece.

[0038] See attached document Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Figure 12 The second positioning pin hole 403 is elliptical and avoids the extension of the workpiece. There are two second positioning pin holes 403. The two second positioning pin holes 403 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the central axis of the cone 4, so that the positioning block 501 provides tension to the first pressure plate 502 from both sides, thereby improving the reliability of locking during the workpiece processing.

[0039] See attached document Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 While the support platform 2 is leveling, the workers use the positioning slope 202 on the edge of the support platform 2 for horizontal positioning, so that the first threaded hole 402 and the second positioning pin hole 403 can automatically fall into place. The extension of the workpiece and its positioning hole are automatically aligned with the positioning slope 202 as the reference, realizing the function of completing the processing of multiple exterior surfaces in one alignment, avoiding frequent tooling changes and repeated alignment. Using a single reference to guide the entire processing process can improve the processing accuracy of workpieces with conical surfaces. Example 2

[0040] like Figures 13-19 As shown, a positioning method for a self-centering conical high-precision tooling, using the self-centering conical high-precision tooling provided in the embodiment, includes the following steps: Alignment: The tapered groove of the workpiece is fitted over the cone 4 so that the bottom of the workpiece rests on the support ring surface 302. The support ring surface 302 is used to support the bottom of the workpiece, while the avoidance slope surface 301 is used to avoid the machining path of the bottom of the workpiece, leaving machining space. First clamping: Place pad blocks 6 and second pressure plates 7 on both sides of the support platform 2, press the end of the second pressure plate 7 against the bottom outer circle of the workpiece, and maintain a distance from the outer surface of the workpiece. Then, insert the bolt of the locking bolt nut 8 through the key hole of the second pressure plate 7 until it is inserted into the first positioning pin hole 203 along the thread and the second pressure plate 7 is locked, so that the second pressure plate 7 presses the workpiece. First machining: Select a reference surface on the workpiece, start the CNC machining center, select and set the tool, close the protective door, and control the CNC machining center to mill along the outer circle of the workpiece according to the preset program, to obtain the following result: Figure 16 The blank shown; Second machining: A CNC machining center, controlled by a preset program, mills the exterior of the blank, leaving an extension. Two positioning holes are then milled on the top of the blank, resulting in the following: Figure 17 Stop processing the intermediate shown in the diagram, open the protective door, and blow the intermediate with an air gun. Second clamping: Remove pad 6, second pressure plate 7 and locking bolt nut 8. Use an air gun to blow clean the positioning hole of the intermediate body. After cleaning, insert positioning block 501 into the positioning hole and partially into the second positioning pin hole 403 at the top of cone 4. Then, pass the locking countersunk bolt 504 through the intermediate body and the third mounting pin hole 503. Tighten it with the thread and the second threaded hole 404 to achieve clamping of the top of the intermediate body. Third machining: Using a pre-programmed CNC machining center, milling is performed along the outer diameter of the intermediate body to remove excess material from the bottom. After milling, the tool is changed, and three locating threaded holes are drilled on the conical surface of the intermediate body, resulting in the desired shape. Figure 18 The following components are shown; Third clamping: Use a screwdriver to remove the locking countersunk bolt 504 and pull out the positioning block 501 to release the top locking state of the rear component. Then, use a screwdriver to pass the screw through the first threaded hole 402 and the positioning threaded hole of the rear component to lock the rear component from the bottom. Fourth machining: A CNC machining center, controlled by a preset program, mills and drills the extension of the subsequent part to obtain the desired result. Figure 19 The finished product shown.

[0041] In summary, this embodiment performs the following steps: Figure 15 The workpiece shown is processed in four stages, with one alignment as the reference. It can complete the processing of multiple exterior surfaces, avoiding frequent tooling changes and repeated alignment. By using a single reference to guide the entire processing process, the processing accuracy of workpieces with conical surfaces can be improved.

[0042] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described or explained in this invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, shall be implemented according to conventional means in the art.

Claims

1. A high-precision self-centering conical surface tooling, comprising a support platform (2), a column (3), and a cone (4) connected sequentially along the vertical direction, wherein a pad (6), a second pressure plate (7) located on top of the pad (6), and a locking bolt and nut (8) are provided on the outside of the column (3), characterized in that, Also includes: The first positioning pin hole (203) is opened on the top of the support platform (2); A locking mechanism (5) is provided at the top of the cone (4); The cone (4) includes a supporting cone surface (401) and a first threaded hole (402) opened on the supporting cone surface (401). The top of the cone (4) is provided with a second positioning pin hole (403) and a second threaded hole (404) opened inside the second positioning pin hole (403). The supporting cone surface (401) is used for one-time alignment of the workpiece, the second pressure plate (7) which cooperates with the locking bolt nut (8), the locking mechanism (5) which cooperates with the second threaded hole (404), and the first threaded hole (402) which cooperates with the screw are used for multi-face clamping after one-time alignment of the workpiece.

2. The self-centering conical high-precision tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support platform (2) has a positioning slope (202) along its tangential direction at its edge, and the positioning slope (202) is used for aligning the first threaded hole (402) and the second positioning pin hole (403).

3. The high-precision self-centering conical surface tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the column (3) is provided with a supporting ring surface (302) and a relief slope surface (301). The supporting ring surface (302) is used to support the bottom of the workpiece, and the avoidance slope surface (301) is used to avoid the processing path at the bottom of the workpiece.

4. The high-precision self-centering conical surface tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the first threaded holes (402) is configured to be at least three, one of which is directly opposite the central axis of the second locating pin hole (403), and the through hole at the top of the workpiece is aligned with the second locating pin hole (403).

5. The self-centering conical high-precision tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second positioning pin hole (403) is elliptical and avoids the extension of the workpiece. The number of the second positioning pin holes (403) is configured to be two, and the two second positioning pin holes (403) are symmetrically distributed relative to the central axis of the cone (4).

6. The high-precision self-centering conical surface tooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism (5) includes a positioning block (501) and a locking countersunk bolt (504) disposed at the top of the cone (4). The positioning block (501) has a third mounting pin hole (503) in the middle for the thread of the locking countersunk bolt (504) to pass through. The locking countersunk bolt (504) is used to pass through the workpiece and the third mounting pin hole (503), and is tightened by the thread with the second threaded hole (404) to achieve clamping of the top of the workpiece.

7. A high-precision self-centering conical surface tooling according to claim 6, characterized in that: A first pressure plate (502) for pressing the workpiece is provided between the two positioning blocks (501), and the thickness of the first pressure plate (502) is less than the thickness of the positioning block (501); The positioning block (501) and the first pressure plate (502) are used to limit the workpiece in the transverse and vertical directions along the cone (4), respectively.

8. A high-precision self-centering conical surface tooling according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first pressure plate (502) has a wave-shaped ventilation groove (505) along the axis of symmetry of the positioning block (501). The vertical surface of the port of the ventilation groove (505) is used to block iron filings and can allow airflow and / or cutting fluid to pass through.

9. A high-precision self-centering conical surface tooling according to claim 8, characterized in that: The two vertical sides of the ventilation slot (505) port are inclined outward at an angle of not less than 15°. The inclined surface of the ventilation slot (505) port is used to increase the flow rate of its circulating air and / or cutting fluid.

10. A positioning method for a self-centering conical high-precision tooling, using the self-centering conical high-precision tooling as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Alignment: Fit the tapered groove of the workpiece onto the cone (4) so ​​that the bottom of the workpiece rests on the top of the column (3), while the column (3) avoids the machining path of the bottom of the workpiece, leaving machining space; First clamping: Place pad blocks (6) and second pressure plate (7) on both sides of the support platform (2), press the end of the second pressure plate (7) against the bottom outer circle of the workpiece and keep a distance from the outer surface of the workpiece, then pass the bolt of the locking bolt nut (8) through the key hole of the second pressure plate (7) until it is inserted into the first positioning pin hole (203) along the thread and the second pressure plate (7) is locked, so that the second pressure plate (7) presses the workpiece; First machining: Select a reference surface on the workpiece, start the CNC machining center, select and set the tool, close the protective door, and control the CNC machining center to mill along the outer circle of the workpiece through the preset program to obtain the blank; Second processing: The CNC machining center is controlled by a preset program to mill the outside of the blank, leaving an extension, and two positioning holes are milled on the top of the blank to obtain the intermediate body. The processing is stopped, the protective door is opened and the intermediate body is blown clean with an air gun. Second clamping: Remove the pad (6), the second pressure plate (7) and the locking bolt and nut (8), use an air gun to blow out the positioning hole of the intermediate body, and after cleaning, clamp the top of the intermediate body with the locking mechanism (5) and the top of the cone (4); Third machining: The CNC machining center is controlled by a preset program to mill along the outer circle of the intermediate body to remove the excess part at the bottom of the intermediate body. After milling, the tool is changed and three positioning threaded holes are drilled on the conical surface of the intermediate body to obtain the subsequent part. Third clamping: Remove the locking mechanism (5), release the top locking state of the rear part, and then use a screwdriver to pass the screw through the first threaded hole (402) and the positioning threaded hole of the rear part to lock the rear part from the bottom; Fourth processing: The CNC machining center is controlled by a preset program to mill and drill the extension of the subsequent part to obtain the finished product.

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