A spindle structure, an electric spindle and a machining device

Abstract

This invention discloses a spindle structure, an electric spindle, and a machining device, comprising: a machine body with a bearing housing, the bearing housing having an axially extending sleeve structure; a spindle core supported on the bearing housing by a bearing, the inner ring of the bearing being mounted on the spindle core, and the outer ring of the bearing being supported on the inner wall of the sleeve structure; a bearing housing cooling water jacket fitted onto the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve structure, the bearing housing cooling water jacket having an elastic component mounting seat extending to the axial end face of the bearing outer ring, the elastic component mounting seat having an elastic component abutting against the bearing outer ring; and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the axial position of the bearing housing cooling water jacket along the sleeve structure. This invention achieves adjustable axial preload on the bearings of the spindle structure through the adjustment mechanism, that is, by increasing or decreasing the bearing load, optimizing the bearing preload, which can greatly improve bearing stiffness and bearing life, and effectively resolve the contradiction between speed, preload, and stiffness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric spindles, and in particular to a spindle structure, an electric spindle, and a machining equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of modern machining and manufacturing, the electric spindle, as a core functional component of CNC machine tools, directly determines machining efficiency, surface quality, and process stability through its comprehensive performance, and has become a key benchmark for measuring the grade and machining capabilities of machine tools. With increasingly stringent requirements for surface integrity and machining accuracy in high-end manufacturing industries such as aerospace, precision mold making, and 3C electronics, high-speed and even ultra-high-speed cutting technologies are gradually becoming the mainstream trend. This trend places extremely stringent demands on the limiting speed, dynamic rigidity, and thermal stability of electric spindles, and the rotational output capability of electric spindles is essentially highly dependent on the performance of their internal bearings.

[0003] The performance of a bearing system is directly and profoundly physically related to the setting and control of the bearing preload. Specifically: High preload conditions: Increasing the preload can effectively improve the axial and radial stiffness of the bearing assembly and significantly suppress the relative vibration displacement between the tool and the workpiece during cutting, thus helping to obtain a lower surface roughness value. However, excessive preload will drastically increase the Hertzian contact stress between the rolling elements and the inner and outer raceways, accelerate contact fatigue wear, severely shorten the rated service life of the bearing, and cause a significant temperature rise problem due to increased friction during high-speed rotation.

[0004] Low preload conditions: While reducing preload can decrease frictional heat and contact stress, thus extending bearing life and reducing power consumption, it severely weakens the overall rigidity of the spindle system, leading to insufficient dynamic stiffness in the machining system, easily inducing chatter, and deteriorating the surface finish. More critically, when the spindle speed increases significantly, the rolling elements are subjected to enormous centrifugal force. This centrifugal force reduces the contact normal force between the rolling elements and the outer raceway, causing dynamic relaxation of the effective bearing preload. The reduction in preload will have a double negative effect: firstly, the spindle stiffness will further decrease, and machining accuracy will continue to deteriorate; secondly, when the preload relaxes below a critical value, the outer raceway and rolling elements will lose sufficient frictional drive, resulting in outer raceway slippage (slippage). This phenomenon will lead to abnormal temperature rise and accelerated wear of the bearing outer raceway, and even instantaneous burnout, seriously threatening the safe operation of the spindle.

[0005] Furthermore, in modern mold and deep hole machining scenarios, electric spindles commonly integrate a rotary joint structure for center-outlet water cooling to efficiently remove chips and cool the cutting tools. In this structure, high-pressure cutting fluid needs to be delivered to the center of the tool via the rotary joint and tie rod passage. During this process, the axial hydraulic pressure generated by the high-pressure fluid medium acts directly on the tie rod assembly and applies an additional axial load to the rear bearing along the internal force transmission path of the spindle. This additional dynamic axial force can superimpose or cancel the initially set preload, causing an uncontrollable nonlinear shift in the actual stress state of the rear bearing. This stress disturbance not only disrupts the balanced distribution of the bearing assembly preload but may also cause the rear bearing to be in an extreme state of overload or underload for a long time under high flow and high pressure conditions, further exacerbating the bearing performance degradation and machining inconsistency problems.

[0006] In summary, the problems existing in the relevant technologies urgently need to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a spindle structure, an electric spindle, and a machining equipment.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: Firstly, a spindle structure includes: The machine body is provided with a bearing seat, and the bearing seat is provided with a sleeve structure extending along the axial direction; The shaft core is supported on the bearing housing by a bearing, the inner ring of the bearing is mounted on the shaft core, and the outer ring of the bearing is supported on the inner wall surface of the sleeve structure; A bearing housing cooling water jacket is fitted onto the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve structure. The bearing housing cooling water jacket is provided with an elastic component mounting seat extending to the axial end face of the bearing outer ring. The elastic component mounting seat is provided with an elastic component that abuts against the bearing outer ring. An adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the axial position of the bearing housing cooling water jacket along the sleeve structure.

[0009] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the adjusting mechanism includes a wedge block, the machine body is provided with a wedge block support structure on the axial end face of the bearing housing cooling water jacket, the wedge block support structure and the bearing housing cooling water jacket form an axial wedge-shaped interval, the wedge block is disposed in the axial wedge-shaped interval, and the machine body is provided with an adjusting component for adjusting the position of the wedge block in the axial wedge-shaped interval.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the machine body is provided with a radial screw hole, the adjusting component includes an adjusting set screw disposed in the radial screw hole, the adjusting set screw abuts against the wedge block, the adjusting set screw has a hollow through hole inside, and the wedge block has an end face screw hole at a position corresponding to the through hole.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the wedge block support structure includes a stator cooling water jacket, wherein the stator cooling water jacket forms an inclined end face that mates with the wedge block at one end near the bearing housing cooling water jacket.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, a washer is provided between the elastic component and the outer ring of the bearing.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the inner circumferential surface of the bearing housing cooling water jacket is provided with an inner annular groove surrounding the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve structure, the outer circumferential surface of the bearing housing cooling water jacket is provided with an outer annular groove, the interior of the bearing housing cooling water jacket is provided with a communicating hole connecting the inner annular groove and the outer annular groove, the machine body is provided with a cooling water channel communicating with the outer annular groove, an inner sealing ring is provided between the bearing housing cooling water jacket and the sleeve structure on both sides of the inner annular groove, and an outer sealing ring is provided between the bearing housing cooling water jacket and the machine body on both sides of the outer annular groove.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementation methods, in some implementation methods of the first aspect, the width of the outer annular groove is greater than the diameter of the cooling water channel.

[0015] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the adjusting mechanism includes a piston chamber disposed between the bearing housing and the machine body, and a cooling water jacket of the bearing housing is disposed in the piston chamber, forming a piston structure capable of reciprocating axially within the piston chamber.

[0016] In a second aspect, an electric spindle includes the spindle structure described in any implementation of the first aspect.

[0017] Thirdly, a processing apparatus comprising an electric spindle as described in any implementation of the second aspect.

[0018] One of the above technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: In the technical solution of the present invention, the bearing housing cooling water jacket is fitted onto the outside of the sleeve structure of the bearing housing. During use, the bearing can be cooled by the bearing housing cooling water jacket, achieving effective cooling and temperature reduction of the bearing at high speeds. Simultaneously, the bearing preload adjustment mainly relies on the adjustment mechanism to change the axial position of the bearing housing cooling water jacket, thereby achieving different deformations of the elastic component. That is, by adjusting the axial movement of the bearing housing cooling water jacket, the deformation of the elastic component is changed, thus changing the output force of the elastic component, which in turn affects the bearing preload and changes the spindle stiffness.

[0019] The technical solution of this invention achieves adjustable axial preload on the bearings of the spindle structure through an adjustment mechanism. This means that by increasing or decreasing the bearing stress, the bearing preload is optimized, significantly improving both machining performance (bearing stiffness) and bearing life. This invention has a simple structure, reliable performance, and can be applied to various high-speed spindle designs. It effectively resolves the contradictions between speed, preload, and stiffness, and has excellent application and promotion value.

[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bearing housing cooling water jacket moving upward according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bearing housing cooling water jacket being moved downwards according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling water jacket of a bearing housing according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] This section will describe in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the drawings is to supplement the textual description with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and overall technical solution of the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In this invention, when directions (up, down, left, right, front, and back) are described, it is only for the purpose of describing the technical solution of this invention, and does not indicate or imply that the technical features referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0024] In this invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," "exceeding," etc., are understood to exclude the stated number; "above," "below," "within," etc., are understood to include the stated number. In the description of this invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0025] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, the terms "setting," "installing," and "connecting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrally formed connection; a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection capable of mutual communication; or the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0026] in, Figure 2 and Figure 3 The reference direction coordinate system of this invention is given below, in conjunction with... Figure 2 and Figure 3 The directions shown illustrate embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] See Figure 1 Embodiments of the present invention provide a spindle structure, including a body 100, a spindle core 200, a bearing housing cooling water jacket 300, and an adjustment mechanism. The body 100 is provided with a bearing housing 101, which can be integrally manufactured with the body 100 or installed on the body 100 using fasteners. The bearing housing 101 includes a front bearing housing and / or a rear bearing housing. For example, in... Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the bearing housing 101 is a rear bearing housing disposed on the upper end of the body 100. The technical solution is described in the specification of the present invention using the rear bearing housing as an example.

[0028] The bearing housing 101 is provided with a sleeve structure 102 extending along the axial direction. The inside of the sleeve structure 102 forms a bearing installation space, and the outside of the sleeve structure 102 forms a bearing housing cooling water jacket installation space.

[0029] The shaft core 200 may be internally equipped with a tie rod assembly 201, etc., as needed. The shaft core 200 is supported on the bearing seat 101 by the bearing 400. One or more bearings 400 may be provided. The inner ring of the bearing 400 is installed on the shaft core 200 and is axially locked to the shaft core 200 by the locking nut 202. The outer ring of the bearing 400 is supported on the inner wall of the sleeve structure 102.

[0030] The bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 is fitted onto the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve structure 102. The bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 has a channel for the cooling medium to flow through. The bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 is provided with an elastic component mounting seat 301 extending to the axial end face of the outer ring of the bearing 400. The elastic component mounting seat 301 is provided with an elastic component 500 that abuts against the outer ring of the bearing 400. The elastic component 500 is supported between the elastic component mounting seat 301 and the outer ring of the bearing 400. The elastic component 500 can be a spring, a spring sheet, etc., to provide preload force for the bearing 400.

[0031] The adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the axial position of the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 along the sleeve structure 102, thereby changing the output force of the elastic component 500, which in turn affects the preload of the bearing 400 and changes the spindle stiffness.

[0032] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 Under normal preload conditions, the bearing 400 is subjected to preload force due to the compression of the elastic component 500. In the initial state, the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 is in the lowest position, at which time the preload force is the smallest and the bearing 400 stiffness is the smallest.

[0033] When it is necessary to increase the preload, the adjusting mechanism is adjusted, the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 is adjusted to move upward, the compression ratio of the elastic component 500 increases, the deformation increases, the spring output force increases, the preload of the bearing 400 increases, and the stiffness increases.

[0034] When it is necessary to reduce the preload, the adjusting mechanism is adjusted. The bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 naturally descends under the action of the elastic component 500. The compression ratio of the elastic component 500 is reduced, the deformation is reduced, the spring output force is reduced, the bearing 400 preload is reduced, and the stiffness is reduced.

[0035] In the technical solution of this invention, the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 is fitted onto the outer side of the sleeve structure 102 of the bearing housing 101. During use, the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 cools the bearing 400, achieving effective cooling and temperature reduction of the bearing 400 at high speeds, ensuring that the bearing 400 temperature remains low for extended periods, thus guaranteeing the bearing 400's service life. Simultaneously, the preload adjustment of the bearing 400 is mainly achieved by adjusting the axial position of the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 through an adjusting mechanism, thereby varying the deformation of the elastic component 500. That is, by adjusting the axial movement of the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300, the deformation of the elastic component 500 is changed, thus altering the output force of the elastic component 500, which in turn affects the preload of the bearing 400 and changes the spindle stiffness.

[0036] The technical solution of this invention achieves adjustable axial preload on the bearing 400 of the spindle structure by adjusting the axial position of the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 through an adjustment mechanism. This means that by increasing or decreasing the force on the bearing 400, the preload is optimized, significantly improving both the machining effect (bearing 400 stiffness) and the bearing 400's lifespan. This invention has a simple structure, reliable performance, and can be applied to various high-speed spindle designs. It effectively resolves the contradictions between speed, preload, and stiffness, and has excellent application and promotion value.

[0037] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 The adjustment mechanism includes a wedge block 601. The body 100 has a wedge block support structure 103 on the axial end face of the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300. An axial wedge-shaped interval is formed between the wedge block support structure 103 and the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300. The axial wedge-shaped interval is radially spaced and its width gradually changes. The wedge block 601 is positioned within the axial wedge-shaped interval and supported between the wedge block support structure 103 and the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300. The body 100 has an adjustment component for adjusting the position of the wedge block 601 within the axial wedge-shaped interval. When the wedge block 601 adjusts its position along the axial wedge-shaped interval, it changes its axial support position on the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 by cooperating with the wedge block support structure 103. This change in the axial position of the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 further adjusts the preload of the elastic component 500.

[0038] Further, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 The body 100 is provided with a radial screw hole 104. The adjustment component includes an adjustment screw 602 disposed in the radial screw hole 104. The adjustment screw 602 abuts against the wedge block 601. The adjustment screw 602 is provided with a hollow through hole 603 inside. The wedge block 601 is provided with an end face screw hole 604 at a position corresponding to the through hole 603.

[0039] When it is necessary to increase the preload, tighten the adjusting screw 602. The adjusting screw 602 moves radially forward along the radial screw hole 104, pushing the wedge block 601 forward. Since the wedge block support structure 103 is fixed, the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 is lifted by the wedge block 601. The compression ratio of the elastic component 500 increases, the deformation increases, the spring output force increases, the preload of the bearing 400 increases, and the stiffness increases.

[0040] When it is necessary to reduce the preload, adjust the set screw 602 back to the fixed position, and connect the screw through the hole 603 of the set screw 602 to the end face screw hole 604 of the wedge block 601. Pull the wedge block 601 back, and the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 will naturally descend under the action of the elastic component 500. The compression ratio of the elastic component 500 will decrease, the deformation will decrease, the spring output force will decrease, the preload of the bearing 400 will decrease, and the stiffness will decrease.

[0041] In the embodiments of the present invention, by adjusting the engagement of the set screw 602 and the wedge block 601, the position of the wedge block 601 in the axial wedge interval can be precisely and flexibly adjusted, thereby quickly adjusting the preload of the elastic component 500 and maintaining stability after adjustment.

[0042] Understandably, the adjusting component can also be mounted on a screw that is rotatably mounted radially on the machine body 100. The screw is threadedly engaged with the wedge block 601. When the screw is rotated forward, the wedge block 601 is pushed inward along the axial wedge interval. When the screw is rotated in reverse, the wedge block 601 is pulled outward along the axial wedge interval. Furthermore, during the pushing and pulling process, the axial support position of the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 is changed through the cooperation with the wedge block support structure 103, and the preload of the elastic component 500 is adjusted by the change in the axial position of the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300.

[0043] The wedge-shaped block support structure 103 can be directly formed into the body 100, for example, by setting a boss inside the body 100, or by utilizing other existing functional structures inside the body 100, for example, in some embodiments, see Figure 2 , Figure 3 The wedge-shaped block support structure 103 includes a stator cooling water jacket for circulating cooling of the spindle stator. The stator cooling water jacket has an inclined end face near the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 that mates with the wedge-shaped block 601. The position of the wedge-shaped block 601 within the axial wedge-shaped interval is adjusted by an adjusting component, and further, by engaging with the inclined end face of the stator cooling water jacket, its axial support position for the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 is changed. This embodiment directly uses the stator cooling water jacket as the wedge-shaped block support structure 103, greatly simplifying the internal structure of the machine body 100, optimizing the internal space of the machine body 100, and making the internal structure of the spindle more compact.

[0044] The elastic member 500 can directly abut against the outer ring of the bearing 400, or indirectly. See [reference needed] for some embodiments. Figure 2 , Figure 3A washer 401 is provided between the elastic component 500 and the outer ring of the bearing 400. The radial dimension of the washer 401 is larger than the radial cross-sectional dimension of the outer ring of the bearing 400, thereby ensuring that the axial preload of the elastic component 500 can be effectively applied to the outer ring of the bearing 400 and preventing failure.

[0045] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 , Figure 4 The bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 has an inner annular groove 302 surrounding the outer annular surface of the sleeve structure 102 on its inner circumferential surface, and an outer annular groove on its outer circumferential surface. The bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 has a connecting hole 303 inside, connecting the inner annular groove 302 and the outer annular groove. The machine body 100 has a cooling water channel 105 communicating with the outer annular groove, forming an inlet and an outlet on the machine body 100. During operation, the cooling medium enters the outer annular groove through the cooling water channel 105, further flows into the inner annular groove 302 through the connecting hole 303, surrounds the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve structure 102, and then flows out through the cooling water channel 105, forming a circulation and cooling the bearing 400 assembly. This ensures that the bearing 400 temperature remains at a low level for an extended period, guaranteeing the service life of the bearing 400.

[0046] In order to ensure that the cooling water jacket 300 of the bearing housing with axial movement capability can remain connected with the cooling water channel 105 of the body 100, the width of the outer annular groove needs to be as large as possible than the diameter of the cooling water channel 105.

[0047] To prevent leakage of cooling medium, an inner sealing ring 304 is provided on both sides of the inner annular groove 302 between the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 and the sleeve structure 102, and an outer sealing ring 305 is provided on both sides of the outer annular groove between the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 and the machine body 100.

[0048] In addition to using the wedge block 601, the adjustment mechanism can also adopt other methods. For example, in some embodiments, the adjustment mechanism includes a piston chamber disposed between the bearing housing 101 and the body 100, and a bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 disposed in the piston chamber to form a piston structure that can reciprocate axially in the piston chamber. Furthermore, by controlling the flow of the medium (e.g., gas or liquid) in the piston chamber, the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300 is driven to move axially, thereby adjusting the preload of the elastic member 500 by changing the axial position of the bearing housing cooling water jacket 300.

[0049] Embodiments of the present invention also disclose an electric spindle, including the spindle structure of any of the above embodiments.

[0050] Embodiments of the present invention also disclose a processing apparatus, including the electric spindle of any of the above embodiments.

[0051] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "example," "embodiment," or "some embodiments" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0052] Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A spindle structure, characterized in that, include: The machine body is provided with a bearing seat, and the bearing seat is provided with a sleeve structure extending along the axial direction; The shaft core is supported on the bearing housing by a bearing, the inner ring of the bearing is mounted on the shaft core, and the outer ring of the bearing is supported on the inner wall surface of the sleeve structure; A bearing housing cooling water jacket is fitted onto the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve structure. The bearing housing cooling water jacket is provided with an elastic component mounting seat extending to the axial end face of the bearing outer ring. The elastic component mounting seat is provided with an elastic component that abuts against the bearing outer ring. An adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the axial position of the bearing housing cooling water jacket along the sleeve structure.

2. The spindle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism includes a wedge block. The machine body has a wedge block support structure on the side of the axial end face of the bearing housing cooling water jacket. An axial wedge-shaped interval is formed between the wedge block support structure and the bearing housing cooling water jacket. The wedge block is disposed in the axial wedge-shaped interval. The machine body is provided with an adjustment component for adjusting the position of the wedge block in the axial wedge-shaped interval.

3. The spindle structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The body is provided with a radial screw hole, and the adjustment component includes an adjustment set screw disposed in the radial screw hole. The adjustment set screw abuts against the wedge block. The adjustment set screw has a hollow through hole inside, and the wedge block has an end face screw hole at a position corresponding to the through hole.

4. The spindle structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wedge-shaped block support structure includes a stator cooling water jacket, wherein the stator cooling water jacket has an inclined end face that mates with the wedge block at one end near the bearing housing cooling water jacket.

5. The spindle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A washer is provided between the elastic component and the outer ring of the bearing.

6. The spindle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner circumferential surface of the bearing housing cooling water jacket is provided with an inner annular groove surrounding the outer circumferential surface of the sleeve structure, and the outer circumferential surface of the bearing housing cooling water jacket is provided with an outer annular groove. The interior of the bearing housing cooling water jacket is provided with a connecting hole connecting the inner annular groove and the outer annular groove. The machine body is provided with a cooling water channel communicating with the outer annular groove. An inner sealing ring is provided between the bearing housing cooling water jacket and the sleeve structure on both sides of the inner annular groove, and an outer sealing ring is provided between the bearing housing cooling water jacket and the machine body on both sides of the outer annular groove.

7. The spindle structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The width of the outer annular groove is greater than the diameter of the cooling water channel.

8. The spindle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism includes a piston chamber disposed between the bearing housing and the machine body, and a cooling water jacket of the bearing housing is disposed in the piston chamber, forming a piston structure capable of reciprocating axially within the piston chamber.

9. An electric spindle, characterized in that, The spindle structure includes any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A processing device, characterized in that, Includes the electric spindle as described in claim 9.

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