A transmission shaft gear dismounting device and dismounting method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of transmission maintenance, and discloses a transmission shaft gear dismounting device and dismounting method, which comprises a locking push sleeve, a pressing frame, a force screw, a plurality of pull claws and an outer taper locking sleeve. The locking push sleeve is coaxially screwed on the pressing frame, the force screw is axially screwed through the center of the pressing frame, the pressing frame is circumferentially uniformly distributed with a plurality of cantilevers, the upper end of each pull claw is hingedly connected with the corresponding cantilever, the hook part of the lower end of each pull claw extends to the center axis direction of the pressing frame, the plurality of pull claws jointly form a sleeve structure, the outer taper locking sleeve is sleeved on the lower part of the plurality of pull claws, the inner wall of the outer taper locking sleeve is a taper surface, the outer wall of the lower part of each pull claw is a taper surface matched with the inner wall of the outer taper locking sleeve, and the locking push sleeve can be pressed against the top end face of the outer taper locking sleeve. The present application is convenient to operate in a small space, the force of the pull claws is uniform, the force of each pull claw is detected in real time during the dismounting process, the hook part of the pull claw is prevented from being pulled off due to being too thin, the operation is convenient, and labor is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of transmission repair technology, specifically relating to a transmission shaft gear disassembly device and disassembly method. Background Technology

[0002] Transmission gear shafts typically employ a multi-stage, densely stacked gear layout, resulting in a compact assembly, minimal clearance, and limited working space. Furthermore, the gears and shaft utilize a precision interference fit, relying on interference preload to achieve stable torque transmission. This necessitates high assembly precision and presents significant disassembly challenges. Currently, the industry commonly employs a traditional claw-type puller for disassembling transmission shafts and gears, using a multi-stage, single-point hooking process. This outdated technology suffers from poor adaptability and numerous inherent technical defects and engineering risks.

[0003] Existing disassembly processes can only disassemble individual gears one at a time, resulting in cumbersome procedures and low maintenance efficiency. Furthermore, traditional pullers employ a single-point eccentric force structure, concentrating the load during disassembly and easily causing damage such as gear root fracture, end face indentation, shaft scoring, and shoulder deformation. This leads to gear misalignment and a high rate of component scrapping and rework. For the extremely small, sealed assembly gaps of transmission shafts and gears, conventional one-piece sleeves and traditional two-jaw / three-jaw pullers, due to structural dimensions and assembly limitations, cannot reach into confined working spaces for precise clamping. In most scenarios, only destructive disassembly methods can be used, which easily damages the base components.

[0004] Furthermore, existing modular disassembly fixtures lack overall rigid constraints and safety protection structures. Thin-walled load-bearing components are prone to stress concentration and overload fracture failure under disassembly loads, and there are no debris-prevention structures, resulting in significant operational safety hazards. Most critically, existing disassembly processes rely entirely on manual experience and brute force, lacking precise stress monitoring, load threshold determination, and closed-loop control for balanced force application. They cannot identify abnormal working conditions such as disassembly overload, local jamming, and uneven load in real time, easily leading to problems such as fixture breakage, component damage, and disassembly failure. They lack a standardized, quantifiable, and controllable non-destructive disassembly process system.

[0005] Meanwhile, existing disassembly fixtures only have simple disassembly and assembly functions, and cannot obtain actual interference clamping force data of gear shafts under different machining tolerances and service wear conditions. The selection of gear shaft interference, fit tolerance design, and preload parameter calibration have long relied on empirical formulas, lacking support from real-world operating data. This easily leads to batch quality hazards such as gear transmission loosening and slippage failure caused by insufficient interference and clamping force, and component extrusion deformation, stress fatigue, and deterioration of vehicle NVH performance caused by excessive interference and clamping force. The industry urgently needs an intelligent non-destructive disassembly device and process that is adaptable to confined spaces, distributes load evenly, provides safety protection, is quantifiable and controllable, and is closed-loop controllable.

[0006] Existing bearing disassembly tools employ a two- or three-lobed ordinary opening and closing sleeve structure, relying on a single-sided screw to push and lock. They are thick and rigid, but are only suitable for disassembly in large gaps and open spaces. They can only disassemble single bearings / gears, lack an overall end-face pressure-bearing structure, and have no disassembly force detection or force value control process. They are unsuitable for operation in confined spaces, suffer from severe force eccentricity, lack self-centering function, and have a high disassembly damage rate.

[0007] Another type of bearing disassembly puller discloses an L-shaped disassembly head structure, but all of them are fixed integral L-shaped structures that cannot be separated, opened or closed, or have a conical clamping structure. They are only used for simple pulling and prying, without clamping or holding functions, and no force detection or force feedback control methods are set up. They cannot be adapted to assembly in narrow gaps, have poor disassembly stability, and have a high scrap rate of parts.

[0008] Another existing bearing puller discloses a multi-lobed clamping fixture structure, but it is a machine tool fixed clamping device. The structure is bulky, requires machine tool cooperation, and cannot be used for handheld maintenance. It lacks a cross four-point thread pressing load-sharing mechanism, a splash-proof safety protection structure, and is not designed for the overall disassembly of multi-stage superimposed gears in a transmission. Furthermore, it completely lacks quantitative processes such as pull-out force monitoring and adaptive constant force disassembly.

[0009] In summary, existing disassembly fixtures generally suffer from inherent defects such as rigid technical routes, single functions, and mutually exclusive structures, forming a long-standing technical barrier that the industry has been unable to overcome. Existing clamping structures cannot simultaneously achieve "adaptation to ultra-thin, narrow spaces" and "thin-walled, high-strength, fracture-resistant design," the force-applying structures cannot balance "lossless load distribution across the entire area" and "adaptive closed-loop control," and the disassembly and assembly processes cannot achieve the dual empowerment of "maintenance operations" and "actual data feedback to design." None of the three closest prior art documents, individually or in any combination, disclose the core combination technology system of this invention, nor do they offer any technical inspiration. Those skilled in the art have no incentive to combine segmented rotational assembly, four-point full-area load distribution, conical self-centering, static four-channel strain measurement, and data iteration processes to resolve the aforementioned mutually restrictive technical contradictions. Therefore, this invention is not a conventional structural improvement or simple superposition of existing technologies, but possesses a solid foundation of novelty and inventiveness. Summary of the Invention

[0010] This invention provides a gearbox shaft gear disassembly device and method. Individual pull claws are installed one by one before being assembled together, facilitating use in confined spaces. The cantilever of the lower pressure frame is evenly distributed circumferentially, balancing the downward pressure on each pull claw and preventing individual pull claws from breaking due to excessive force during disassembly. An outer cone locking sleeve is fitted onto the lower part of the pull claw to ensure even gripping of the shaft gear. Strain gauges, a data acquisition device, and a controller are used to monitor the force on the pull claws in real time, further eliminating the possibility of pull claw breakage. The force-applying screw is connected to the drive device, allowing for disassembly work by one person and saving labor.

[0011] The specific details of the plan are as follows: A gearbox shaft gear disassembly device includes a locking push sleeve, a lower pressure frame, a force-applying screw, multiple pull claws, and an outer conical locking sleeve. The locking push sleeve is coaxially threaded onto the lower pressure frame. The force-applying screw is threaded axially through the center of the lower pressure frame. The thread direction between the locking push sleeve and the lower pressure frame is opposite to that between the force-applying screw and the lower pressure frame. The lower pressure frame has multiple cantilever arms evenly distributed around its circumference. The upper end of each pull claw is hinged to a corresponding cantilever arm. The hook portion at the lower end of each pull claw extends towards the central axis of the lower pressure frame. The multiple pull claws together form a sleeve structure. The outer conical locking sleeve is fitted onto the lower part of the multiple pull claws. The inner wall of the outer conical locking sleeve is a conical surface. The outer wall of the lower part of each pull claw is a conical surface adapted to the inner wall of the outer conical locking sleeve. The locking push sleeve can press against the top end face of the outer conical locking sleeve.

[0012] This invention addresses multiple long-standing, mutually restrictive technical contradictions in the field of gearbox shaft and gear disassembly that cannot be overcome through conventional improvements: The confined, enclosed space requires extremely thin and lightweight tooling, but thin-walled structures inevitably lead to stress concentration and the risk of load-bearing fracture; non-destructive disassembly requires uniform force application across the entire area without eccentric loads, but confined spaces cannot accommodate multi-point symmetrical force application structures; precise interference fits require monitorable, controllable, and traceable forces, but traditional dynamic rotational force measurement suffers from signal interference and cannot distinguish individual force components; the industry relies solely on experience in disassembly and assembly, making it impossible to obtain accurate interference clamping force data, resulting in a lack of measured data for forward design. This invention features a lower pressure frame with multiple cantilever arms evenly distributed circumferentially. These cantilever arms are hinged to multiple pull claws, which are evenly distributed and can be combined to form a sleeve structure. The hooks at the bottom of the pull claws, i.e., the supporting parts, all face the central axis of the sleeve, forming a circular structure that can evenly distribute force to lift the gears, achieving non-destructive disassembly of multi-stage gears in confined spaces. An outer conical locking sleeve is fitted onto the outer circumference of the lower part of the pull claw. The inner wall of the outer conical locking sleeve is a conical surface. The outer wall of the lower part of each pull claw is a conical surface that matches the inner wall of the outer conical locking sleeve, providing a self-centering coaxial correction function. This ensures that each pull claw can evenly grip the shaft teeth, further guaranteeing uniform force distribution on the pull claws. Strain gauges, a data acquisition unit, and a controller are used to achieve quantitative monitoring of the force throughout the disassembly process. Abnormalities are detected and dynamic corrections are made for off-center loading. Simultaneously, the controller can save maintenance data and perform reverse optimization of the main unit design. This cross-disciplinary technological breakthrough overcomes a long-standing technical challenge in the industry. The locking push sleeve design ensures that the outer conical locking sleeve maintains vertical feeding. The thickness of the pull claw hook is adapted to the extremely small sealed assembly gap of the transmission shaft teeth. The thickness is less than the distance between the end face of the transmission gear and the end face of the housing plus the distance of gear movement. The preferred thickness in this invention is 1.9-3mm. If the thickness is too large, it will affect the gap between the pull claw and the gearbox housing or between the gears. If the thickness is too small, it will easily break during disassembly. The broken pull claw flying out can easily cause a safety accident.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer wall of the locking push sleeve is provided with a handle, and its inner wall is provided with an internal thread. The outer circumferential surface of the cantilever is provided with an external thread that mates with the internal thread.

[0014] Furthermore, a through threaded connection hole is provided at the center of the lower pressure frame, the force-applying screw passes through the threaded connection hole, and both ends of the force-applying screw extend out of the threaded connection hole.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a pull rod, one end of which is hinged to the cantilever, and the other end of which is hinged to the upper end of the pull claw. Each pull claw is hinged to the corresponding cantilever through the pull rod, and the vertical inner walls of each pull claw form a cylindrical clamping surface, and the hooks of each pull claw form an annular bearing end face.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a drive device, which is drivenly connected to the force-applying screw.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes multiple strain gauges and a data acquisition device. Each strain gauge is mounted on the cantilever of each pressure frame, and the data acquisition device is mounted on the pressure frame. Each strain gauge is electrically connected to the data acquisition device.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes a controller, with the data acquisition unit and the drive device respectively communicatively connected to the controller.

[0019] Furthermore, the lower pressure frame is equipped with four cantilever arms, which form a cross-shaped structure.

[0020] Furthermore, there are four strain gauges, which are respectively bonded to the upper end face of the four cantilever arms. The data acquisition unit is fixedly connected to one of the cantilever arms of the lower pressure frame, and all four strain gauges are electrically connected to the data acquisition unit.

[0021] A method for disassembling the aforementioned transmission shaft gear disassembly device includes: S1. The pull claws are installed using a single independent interlocking method. After all the pull claws are assembled piece by piece in sequence, they are evenly surrounded in the circumference to form a sleeve structure that surrounds the gear shaft. S3. The outer cone locking sleeve is used to enclose the pull claw, which forms a sleeve structure; S4. Hinge each cantilever of the lower pressure frame with the corresponding pull claw, and lock the push sleeve threaded onto the outer circumferential surface of the lower pressure frame cantilever. S5. Rotate the locking push sleeve to move it downwards. The locking push sleeve pushes the outer cone locking sleeve to feed vertically. The inner wall of the outer cone locking sleeve pushes the pull claw to retract radially and synchronously, circumferentially clamping the outer wall of the gear shaft. S6. Connect the force-applying screw to the center of the lower pressure frame, and rotate the force-applying screw to press it downward against the top end face of the gear shaft. During disassembly, the controller collects the force data of the strain gauge in real time through the data acquisition device to judge the force condition of the pull claw. When the controller judges that the force is abnormal, the controller sends an alarm signal and controls the drive device to stop applying force. When the controller detects that the disassembled gear has disengaged, the controller controls the drive device to stop applying force.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. A single pull claw is vertically inserted from a tiny side gap, and by rotating and sliding to avoid the gear blocking structure, it is assembled piece by piece, which completely solves the technical pain point that traditional integral tooling and full-circle sleeve cannot be extended into narrow and confined spaces. It is the core adaptation basis for the overall disassembly of multi-stage gears in narrow spaces. 2. After the pull claws are engaged, the hooks at the bottom form a ring-shaped, fully covered load-bearing end face, which can simultaneously press against the end faces of multiple stacked gears. This replaces the traditional process of disassembling gears one by one, avoiding gear misalignment, deformation, and tooth breakage caused by disassembly in stages. Disassembly efficiency is increased several times, and the scrap rate of parts is significantly reduced. 3. The cantilever of the lower pressure frame is evenly distributed circumferentially, so that the downward pressure of the force-applying screw is evenly distributed on each pull claw, solving the problem of easy breakage of thin-walled components from the mechanical root. 4. The outer cone locking sleeve has a self-centering coaxial correction function, which enables each pull claw to evenly grip the shaft teeth, realizing a three-in-one multi-functional integration of locking, load equalization reinforcement, and anti-splash safety protection; 4. The design of strain gauges, data acquisition devices, and controllers enables real-time monitoring of the stress on the pull claws, allowing for timely detection of abnormalities, stopping and adjusting the system, and preventing pull claw breakage due to stress concentration. 5. The pull claw and the lower pressure frame are cantilevered and hinged to achieve radial opening and closing, which is convenient to operate and highly versatile; 6. It is highly versatile and adaptable to a wide range of scenarios. Its overall structure is simple and easy to assemble and disassemble. It can be directly connected to conventional drive equipment on the market without the need for customized special equipment. It is suitable for maintenance and disassembly operations of multi-stage dense shafts and gears in various transmissions. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the disassembly device of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the pressure frame, thrust screw, and pull claw of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the locking push sleeve of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lower pressure frame of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single pull claw of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram and a cross-sectional view of the external cone locking sleeve of the present invention.

[0030] In the picture, 1. Locking push sleeve; 1.1. Handle; 2. Pressure frame; 2.1. Cantilever; 3. Force-applying screw; 4. Pull claw; 4.1. Pull claw hook; 5. External cone locking sleeve; 6. Pull rod; 7. Strain gauge; 8. Data acquisition unit. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The following examples are combined Figures 1-7 The present invention will be described in detail below.

[0033] Example 1: A gearbox shaft gear disassembly device, see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the device includes a locking push sleeve 1, a lower pressure frame 2, a force-applying screw 3, multiple pull claws 4, and an outer conical locking sleeve 5. The locking push sleeve 1 is coaxially threaded onto the lower pressure frame 2. The force-applying screw 3 is threaded axially through the center of the lower pressure frame 2. The thread direction between the locking push sleeve 1 and the lower pressure frame 2 is opposite to the thread direction between the force-applying screw 3 and the lower pressure frame 2. The lower pressure frame 2 has multiple cantilever arms 2.1 evenly distributed circumferentially. The upper end of each pull claw 4 is hinged to the corresponding cantilever arm 2.1. Figure 6 As shown, the hook portion 4.1 at the lower end of each of the pull claws 4 extends towards the central axis of the downward pressing frame 2, and the multiple pull claws 4 together form a sleeve structure. Figure 7 As shown, the outer conical locking sleeve 5 is sleeved on the lower part of the plurality of pull claws 4. The inner wall of the outer conical locking sleeve 5 is a conical surface, and the outer wall of the lower part of each pull claw 4 is a conical surface that matches the inner wall of the outer conical locking sleeve 5. The locking push sleeve 1 can press against the top end face of the outer conical locking sleeve 5.

[0034] See Figure 4 As shown, the outer wall of the locking push sleeve 1 is provided with a handle 1.1, and its inner wall is provided with an internal thread. The outer circumferential surface of the cantilever 2.1 is provided with an external thread that mates with the internal thread.

[0035] See Figure 5 As shown, the lower pressure frame 2 has a through threaded connection hole at its center, the force-applying screw 3 passes through the threaded connection hole, and both ends of the force-applying screw 3 extend out of the threaded connection hole.

[0036] It also includes a pull rod 6, one end of which is hinged to the cantilever 2.1, and the other end of which is hinged to the upper end of the claw 4. Each claw 4 is hinged to the corresponding cantilever 2.1 through the pull rod 6, and the vertical inner wall of each claw 4 forms a cylindrical clamping surface, and the hook part 4.1 of each claw 4 forms an annular bearing end face.

[0037] It also includes a drive unit, which is drivenly connected to the force-applying screw 3.

[0038] It also includes multiple strain gauges 7 and a data acquisition device 8. Each strain gauge 7 is provided on the cantilever 2.1 of each pressure frame 2, and the data acquisition device 8 is provided on the pressure frame 2. Each strain gauge 7 is electrically connected to the data acquisition device 8.

[0039] It also includes a controller, and the data acquisition unit 8 and the drive device are respectively connected to the controller in communication.

[0040] Example 2: The present invention also provides a method for disassembling the aforementioned transmission shaft gear disassembly device, comprising: S1. The pull claw 4 is installed using a single independent interlocking method. After all the pull claws 4 are assembled piece by piece in sequence, they are evenly surrounded in the circumference to form a sleeve structure that surrounds the gear shaft. S3. The outer cone locking sleeve 5 is fitted onto the pull claw 4, which forms a sleeve structure; S4. Hinge each cantilever 2.1 of the lower pressure frame 2 with the corresponding pull claw 4, and thread the locking push sleeve 1 onto the outer circumferential surface of the cantilever 2.1 of the lower pressure frame 2. S5. Rotate the locking push sleeve 1 to move it downward. The locking push sleeve 1 pushes the outer cone locking sleeve 5 to feed vertically. The inner wall of the outer cone locking sleeve 5 pushes the pull claw 4 to retract radially and synchronously, and circumferentially clamps the outer wall of the gear shaft. S6. Connect the force-applying screw 3 to the center of the lower pressure frame 2, and rotate the force-applying screw 3 so that it presses downward against the top end face of the gear shaft. During the disassembly process, the controller collects the force data of the strain gauge 7 in real time through the data acquisition device 8 to judge the force condition of the pull claw 4. When the controller judges that the force is abnormal, the controller sends an alarm signal and controls the drive device to stop applying force. When the controller detects that the disassembled gear has disengaged, the controller controls the drive device to stop applying force.

[0041] Example 3: This embodiment provides a multi-sleeve type one-time disassembly device for gearbox shaft teeth, including a force-applying screw 3, a lower pressure frame 2, a locking push sleeve 1, a connecting rod, an outer cone locking sleeve 5, and four pull claws 4. The lower pressure frame 2 has four cantilever arms 2.1, which form a cross-shaped structure. The pull claws 4 are four thin-walled pull claws with an L-shaped cross-section. The four independent L-shaped pull claws 4 can be closed to form a sleeve structure. The thickness of the hook portion 4.1 of the pull claw 4 is set at 2.5mm, which precisely fits the extremely small sealed assembly gap of the gearbox shaft teeth. Each claw body is independent of each other and can be separately inserted into the outside of the shaft body through narrow gaps. After rotating and finely adjusting the position, it can be precisely closed and spliced ​​into a complete sleeve, completely solving the operational problems of traditional integral tooling being unable to reach in and conventional pullers having no hooking space. A small elastic shrinkage gap is reserved between each claw body to achieve radially smooth opening and closing. The inner wall of the claw is a high-precision cylindrical surface that closely fits the outer circle of the gear shaft to ensure clamping coaxiality. The outer wall is integrally machined with a tapered surface that matches the inner wall of the outer tapered locking sleeve 5. Two handles are symmetrically provided on the outer wall of the locking push sleeve for easy operation during disassembly.

[0042] The thread direction between the locking push sleeve 1 and the lower pressure frame 2 is opposite to that between the force-applying screw 3 and the lower pressure frame 2. If the two threads have the same direction, this reverse rotation force may directly cause the locking push sleeve to loosen. Once the locking push sleeve 1 loosens, it will be impossible to continue pressing the outer cone locking sleeve 5, which may lead to uneven force on the pull claw 4, or even danger.

[0043] The lower pressure frame 2 adopts an integral cross-symmetrical load-bearing structure, with a centrally mounted force-applying screw 3. Four cantilever arms 2.1 are evenly distributed 90° circumferentially. The outer circumferential surface of each cantilever arm 2.1 is integrally machined with external threads, which are linked to the locking push sleeve 1 via a connecting rod. The locking push sleeve 1 is adapted to the internal threads on its inner wall, enabling vertical, stable, tilt-free, and unbiased axial downward pressure on the locking push sleeve 1 and the outer conical locking sleeve 5. The outer conical locking sleeve 5 has a through-hole inner conical hole, precisely matching the outer wall of the pull claw 4 to form a wedge-tight structure. The uniform axial downward pressure is synchronously converted into a uniform radial clamping force on each claw, achieving high-precision automatic self-centering and synchronous retraction of the pull claws, with uniform circumferential clamping gaps and completely consistent force. Simultaneously, the locking push sleeve 1 and the outer conical locking sleeve 5 form an integral rigid constraint on the dispersed pull claws 4, integrating the separate pull claws 4 into a unified force-bearing whole, significantly balancing the tensile load on each pull claw 4, and avoiding single-point stress concentration and overload fracture in the 2.5mm thin-walled structure. The outer cone locking sleeve 5 enhances the load-bearing strength of the thin-walled structure, while its sleeve structure can completely shield the fragments, preventing flying fragments from injuring people and forming a ring-shaped closed protective barrier. It effectively blocks flying fragments from the tooling and ensures both disassembly stability and operational safety, solving the defects of existing tooling that lacks protection and is prone to failure.

[0044] High-precision strain gauges 7 are integrated and pasted on the surface of the four cantilever arms 2.1 and the center of the lower pressure frame 2. The strain gauge group 7 is electrically connected through the data acquisition unit 8. There is no need to place sensing elements on the rotating force-applying screw 3, which completely avoids the problems of rotation entanglement, cable twisting and signal interference, and realizes static high-precision and high-stability force detection.

[0045] Based on the disassembly process of this device: During operation, each pull claw 4 is individually inserted from the narrow gap, and after rotating and fine-tuning the position, they are combined to form a complete sleeve structure; the locking push sleeve 1 is threaded onto the outer circumferential surface of the lower pressure frame 2, and the locking push sleeve 1 spirals downward to drive the outer conical locking sleeve 5 to press down smoothly vertically. With the wedge tightening principle of the inner and outer conical surfaces, multiple pull claws 4 are synchronously radially retracted, and high-precision automatic self-centering is achieved, with uniform circumferential force and no off-center load throughout the entire process.

[0046] In particular, for the limited working conditions where the gear shaft of the transmission is extremely small and sealed and there is no space for overall installation, the L-shaped thin-walled pull claw 4 is inserted vertically one by one from the narrow side gap between the gear and the housing. After fitting against the outer wall of the gear shaft, it is rotated slightly along the circumference of the gear shaft to avoid the gear protrusion structure and slide to the preset assembly position. After keeping the first piece in position and fixed, the remaining pull claw 4 is taken in sequence and the steps of "single piece insertion - axis rotation alignment - fitting and positioning" are repeated. The pieces are staggered one by one to avoid the gear obstruction structure and are assembled in a cycle. Finally, all the claws are evenly arranged in the circumference, accurately aligned and surrounded, and the whole is covered on the outside of the multi-stage gear shaft, completing the small space split assembly without interference and without bumps.

[0047] The four-point synchronous linkage 7 transmission and the conical locking self-centering of the outer conical locking sleeve: The outer conical locking sleeve 5 is axially fitted onto the outside of the pull claw 4, so that the inner wall of the inner and outer conical locking sleeve 5 is initially fitted and aligned with the outer conical surface of the pull claw 4. The external thread cylinder of the cantilever 2.1 of the lower pressure frame 2 is precisely engaged with the internal thread sleeve of the locking push sleeve 1, and the four points are synchronously and evenly rotated to drive the locking push sleeve 1 and the outer conical locking sleeve 5 to be vertically and smoothly pressed downward in the axial direction. Through the conical wedge action, multiple L-shaped thin-walled pull claws 4 are forced to radially and synchronously retract and automatically self-center and center, and uniformly and without gaps clamp the outer wall of the gear shaft. Relying on the cross-symmetric four-point full-range force transmission characteristics, it is ensured that the circumferential force of each claw body is completely consistent, without eccentricity and without local stress concentration.

[0048] After assembly, the force-applying screw 3 drives the drive unit, which uses common force-applying equipment such as an electric wrench or motor. With the assistance of the drive unit, disassembly can be completed by a single worker, saving labor and making the process convenient and quick. Four strain gauges 7 are bonded to the four cantilever arms 2.1 of the lower pressure frame 2 and are connected to a high-precision data acquisition unit 8. The built-in calibration program is activated to zero the force value and calibrate the correction coefficient K, eliminating interference from assembly prestress. Throughout the disassembly process, the four strain gauges synchronously acquire micro-strain signals from the four cantilever arms 2.1. The controller communicates with the data acquisition unit 8, receiving stress signals from the data acquisition unit 8 in real time and monitoring the force on the four pull claws in real time through a preset program. By calling built-in proprietary mechanical formulas in real time, the system accurately calculates the four independent component forces, the total disassembly and release force, and the maximum deviation of the force at the four points. Combined with preset safety thresholds, it determines the uniformity of force application and the working condition. When the difference in the four component forces exceeds the threshold, local jamming occurs, or the load is overloaded, an automatic alarm prompts for fine-tuning of the corresponding thread locking parameters and force application rate. The system also controls the drive device to stop applying force, achieving dynamic closed-loop matching between the mechanical load-sharing structure and the force measurement algorithm. When the release force curve drops sharply and the resistance stabilizes, it determines that the multi-stage gear set has disengaged synchronously, immediately stopping the application of force to prevent secondary damage to parts. After disassembly, the controller automatically generates the force-displacement curve for that working condition through quadratic polynomial fitting, archives and stores core working condition data such as peak release force, the difference in the four component forces, disassembly stroke, and average resistance, iteratively updates the disassembly thresholds and force application process parameters for gear shafts of different specifications and wear states, and continuously optimizes the standardized non-destructive disassembly operation system.

[0049] This embodiment establishes a dedicated set of quantitative calculation equations based on Hooke's law for cross-shaped elastic beams, achieving precise solutions for single-point component forces, total release forces, four-point eccentric load differences, and force-displacement curves across all dimensions. It constructs a three-in-one static strain measurement system integrating a dedicated disassembly mechanics judgment logic, a layered structured four-channel strain acquisition hardware architecture, and a standardized closed-loop measurement and control program. This system differs from the industry's commonly used simple strain measurement structures, forming a quantifiable, self-discriminating, self-correcting, and iterative intelligent closed-loop measurement and control system. It achieves precise and controllable disassembly force from three dimensions: algorithm, hardware, and program, forming a unique core innovative technology system.

[0050] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gearbox shaft gear disassembly device, characterized in that, The device includes a locking push sleeve, a lower pressure frame, a force-applying screw, multiple pull claws, and an outer conical locking sleeve. The locking push sleeve is coaxially threaded onto the lower pressure frame. The force-applying screw is threaded axially through the center of the lower pressure frame. The thread direction between the locking push sleeve and the lower pressure frame is opposite to that between the force-applying screw and the lower pressure frame. The lower pressure frame has multiple cantilever arms evenly distributed around its circumference. The upper end of each pull claw is hinged to the corresponding cantilever arm. The hook portion at the lower end of each pull claw extends towards the central axis of the lower pressure frame. The multiple pull claws together form a sleeve structure. The outer conical locking sleeve is fitted onto the lower part of the multiple pull claws. The inner wall of the outer conical locking sleeve is a conical surface. The outer wall of the lower part of each pull claw is a conical surface adapted to the inner wall of the outer conical locking sleeve. The locking push sleeve can press against the top end face of the outer conical locking sleeve.

2. The gearbox shaft gear disassembly device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the locking push sleeve is provided with a handle, and its inner wall is provided with an internal thread. The outer circumferential surface of the cantilever is provided with an external thread that mates with the internal thread.

3. The gearbox shaft gear disassembly device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower pressure frame has a through threaded connection hole at its center, the force-applying screw passes through the threaded connection hole, and both ends of the force-applying screw extend out of the threaded connection hole.

4. The gearbox shaft gear disassembly device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pull rod, one end of which is hinged to the cantilever, and the other end of which is hinged to the upper end of the pull claw. Each pull claw is hinged to the corresponding cantilever through the pull rod, and the vertical inner walls of each pull claw form a cylindrical clamping surface, and the hooks of each pull claw form an annular bearing end face.

5. The gearbox shaft gear disassembly device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a drive unit, which is drivenly connected to the force-applying screw.

6. The gearbox shaft gear disassembly device according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes multiple strain gauges and a data acquisition device. Each strain gauge is mounted on the cantilever of each pressure frame, and the data acquisition device is mounted on the pressure frame. Each strain gauge is electrically connected to the data acquisition device.

7. The gearbox shaft gear disassembly device according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a controller, and the data acquisition unit and the drive device are respectively communicatively connected to the controller.

8. The gearbox shaft gear disassembly device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The lower pressure frame is equipped with four cantilever arms, which form a cross-shaped structure.

9. The gearbox shaft gear disassembly device according to claim 8, characterized in that, There are four strain gauges, which are respectively bonded to the upper end face of the four cantilever arms. The data acquisition unit is fixedly connected to one of the cantilever arms of the lower pressure frame, and all four strain gauges are electrically connected to the data acquisition unit.

10. A method for disassembling the gearbox shaft gear disassembly device as described in any one of claims 5-9, characterized in that, include: S1. The pull claws are installed using a single independent interlocking method. After all the pull claws are assembled piece by piece in sequence, they are evenly surrounded in the circumference to form a sleeve structure that surrounds the gear shaft. S3. The outer cone locking sleeve is used to enclose the pull claw, which forms a sleeve structure; S4. Hinge each cantilever of the lower pressure frame with the corresponding pull claw, and lock the push sleeve threaded onto the outer circumferential surface of the lower pressure frame cantilever. S5. Rotate the locking push sleeve to move it downwards. The locking push sleeve pushes the outer cone locking sleeve to feed vertically. The inner wall of the outer cone locking sleeve pushes the pull claw to retract radially and synchronously, circumferentially clamping the outer wall of the gear shaft. S6. Connect the force-applying screw to the center of the lower pressure frame, and rotate the force-applying screw to press it downward against the top end face of the gear shaft. During disassembly, the controller collects the force data of the strain gauge in real time through the data acquisition device to judge the force condition of the pull claw. When the controller judges that the force is abnormal, the controller sends an alarm signal and controls the drive device to stop applying force. When the controller detects that the disassembled gear has disengaged, the controller controls the drive device to stop applying force.

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