Electrostatic separation device for waste mixed plastics and method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of waste and old plastic sorting, in particular to a kind of waste and old mixed plastic electrostatic sorting device and method thereof, including mixed plastic conveying component, for the transfer of waste and old mixed plastic after crushing;Mixed electrification component, for the electrification of mixed plastic;Vibration conveying component, for the conveying of mixed plastic after electrification;Electrostatic separation component, for the separation of electrified mixed plastic;The waste and old mixed plastic electrostatic sorting device and method thereof of the present application, by setting spiral mixed electrification rod in mixing cylinder, when rotating under the drive of mixing shaft, it is fully turned over and stirred to mixed plastic in cylinder, spiral structure makes plastic particles move in cylinder along axial and circumferential direction simultaneously, different kinds of plastic particles and particles and electrification rod, cylinder wall are fully contacted and produce friction, so that each plastic component obtains different charge polarity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil mist separators, specifically relating to an electrostatic sorting device and method for waste mixed plastics. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth of global plastic consumption, the recycling and resource utilization of waste plastics has become a key link in solving white pollution and realizing the development of a circular economy. At present, the main methods of waste plastic treatment include landfill, incineration pyrolysis, and melt recycling, among which melt recycling is considered the most ideal treatment method. However, different types of plastics (such as polyethylene PE, polypropylene PP, polyvinyl chloride PVC, polyethylene terephthalate PET, polystyrene PS, etc.) have similar physicochemical properties. If they are recycled directly without effective classification, the quality of recycled materials will be seriously affected. Among existing sorting technologies, traditional methods mainly include manual sorting, density flotation, and magnetic separation. Manual sorting is inefficient and labor-intensive; density flotation consumes a large amount of water resources and is prone to secondary pollution, and requires a large plant area and has low work efficiency; magnetic separation can only remove steel impurities mixed in with plastics and cannot separate different types of plastics. Against this background, electrostatic sorting technology has emerged. This technology utilizes the principle that different plastics have different surface charge characteristics after being charged by friction or corona discharge. Charged particles experience different forces in a high-voltage electric field and produce different trajectories, thereby achieving the separation of different types of plastics. As a dry sorting technology, electrostatic sorting has advantages such as no secondary pollution, preservation of the original properties of plastics, and a wide range of particle sizes that can be processed. It is considered a very promising technology direction in the field of waste plastic sorting. However, existing electrostatic sorting devices for waste plastics still face numerous technical challenges in practical applications. Firstly, in the charging stage, the existing devices often suffer from uneven charging and insignificant charge-to-mass ratio differences due to frictional charging. Furthermore, insufficient frictional contact between different types of plastic particles and between the particles and charged components results in some particles failing to acquire sufficient differentiated charge, directly impacting the subsequent electrostatic separation effect. Secondly, in the feeding stage, existing vibrating feeders generally suffer from unadjustable amplitude and uneven material distribution, leading to material stacking and clumping, making it difficult to form a uniform, single-layer stable material flow into the sorting area. Thirdly, in the electrostatic separation stage, plastic particles easily adsorb onto the surface of the separation rollers. If not removed promptly, the adsorption layer gradually thickens, causing a decrease in electric field strength and a deterioration in separation efficiency. Additionally, the existing sorting devices exhibit poor coordination between the charging, feeding, and separation processes, making it difficult to match the movement rhythm of each component and affecting the overall smoothness of the machine's operation. Therefore, an electrostatic sorting device and method for mixed waste plastics are urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, such as uneven charging of waste mixed plastics, poor efficiency, and the inability to adjust the amplitude of the vibrating feeder, which makes the materials easy to pile up and stick together, and also makes it difficult to classify and collect the separated plastics. The invention aims to realize an electrostatic sorting device and method for waste mixed plastics.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution of this invention is: an electrostatic sorting device and method for waste mixed plastics, comprising... Mixed plastic conveying components are used for transferring and conveying shredded waste mixed plastics; Mixing charged components, used to mix the charge on plastics; Vibrating conveyor components for conveying mixed plastics after they have been charged; Electrostatic separation components are used for separating charged mixed plastics; Collection component, used for collecting plastic after separation; The power unit provides a power source for the hybrid charged component, the vibration conveying component, and the electrostatic separation component; It also includes a hollow housing, in which the vibration conveying component and the electrostatic separation component are both located, and a support leg is fixedly installed on the lower side of the housing.

[0005] Specifically, the mixed plastic conveying component includes a support frame, a conveying cylinder is installed on the upper side of the support frame, an auger is rotatably installed inside the conveying cylinder, a first servo motor is fixedly installed at the lower end of the conveying cylinder, the output end of the first servo motor is connected to the lower end of the auger, a discharge port is opened at the upper end of the conveying cylinder, and a feeding opening plate is fixedly connected to the lower side of the conveying cylinder.

[0006] Specifically, the mixing and electrifying component includes a mixing box fixedly installed on the upper side of the housing, a mixing cylinder fixedly connected to the upper side of the mixing box, a mixing shaft rotatably installed on the mixing cylinder, a spiral mixing and electrifying rod fixedly installed on the mixing shaft for rapid electrification of the mixed plastic, and arc-shaped discharge doors symmetrically opened on the lower side of the mixing cylinder, with a pull-out component installed on one side of the discharge door for discharging the electrified material mixed in the mixing cylinder; a feed inlet is opened on the upper side of the mixing box, and a material pipe is fixedly installed on the upper side of the feed inlet, with the upper side of the material pipe fixedly connected to the discharge inlet; The pull-out component includes two outlets located on the lower side of the mixing cylinder. An arc-shaped sleeve plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the outlet. The discharge gate is slidably connected to the arc-shaped sleeve plate. The discharge gate has a discharge port adapted to the outlet. The length of the discharge port is less than the length of the outlet. A grooved discharge plate is correspondingly provided on the outside of the discharge port. The discharge plate is fixedly connected to the discharge gate. An electric cylinder is installed on the outside of the discharge gate. The electric cylinder is fixedly installed to the housing.

[0007] Specifically, the vibrating conveying component includes a bracket fixedly mounted to the inner side of the housing, a collecting cylinder fixedly mounted on the upper side of the bracket, an mounting plate fixedly mounted on the upper side of the collecting cylinder, a transmission rod rotatably mounted on the lower side of the mounting plate, an adjusting disc fixedly mounted on the transmission rod, an adjusting groove on the adjusting disc, an amplitude adjusting component installed in the adjusting groove, a fixed shaft fixedly mounted on the amplitude adjusting component, a first connecting rod hinged to the outer side of the fixed shaft, a second connecting rod hinged to the upper side of the first connecting rod, a connecting rod fixedly mounted on the upper side of the second connecting rod, and a sleeve fixedly mounted on the upper side of the mounting plate. The connecting rod is located inside the sleeve and moves freely along the upper and lower sides of the sleeve. A lifting crossbar is fixedly installed on the upper side of the connecting rod. Two movable frames are symmetrically slidably installed on the upper side of the bracket. A spacing adjustment component is provided between the two movable frames and the bracket to adjust the distance between the two movable frames simultaneously. A fixed frame is hinged to the outer side of each movable frame. A feeding hopper is fixedly installed on the upper side of the fixed frame. An inclined spring is fixedly installed on the other side of the feeding hopper. The lower end of the inclined spring is fixedly installed on the upper end of the movable frame. A long plate is fixedly installed on the lower side of each feeding hopper. A sliding groove is opened on the side of the long plate near the lifting crossbar. The lifting crossbar is located in the sliding groove and moves freely along the length of the sliding groove. An acceleration component is installed on one side of the transmission long rod. A power rod is installed on the other side of the acceleration component. The power rod is rotatably connected to the collecting cylinder. The amplitude adjustment component includes a movable block that is slidably disposed with the adjustment groove, an adjustment screw that is threadedly connected to the movable block, the adjustment screw being threadedly connected to the adjustment groove, and the movable block being fixedly disposed with a fixed shaft.

[0008] Specifically, the spacing adjustment component includes a second servo motor fixedly mounted on the bracket, a double-ended screw fixedly mounted on the output end of the second servo motor, the threads of the double-ended screws having opposite directions, the two ends of the double-ended screws being connected to the bracket through bearing seats and bearings, and movable ribs being threadedly connected to the threaded working areas of the double-ended screws, the upper ends of the movable ribs being fixedly mounted to the movable frame.

[0009] Specifically, the electrostatic separation component includes separation boxes fixedly installed on both sides of the support along its length. Each separation box has an inlet groove adapted to the feeding hopper. A rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the separation box along its length. A separation roller is fixedly installed on the outside of the rotating shaft. A fixed long rib is fixedly installed on the movable frame near the separation roller. A long shaft is rotatably installed on the upper side of the fixed long rib. A scraper is rotatably installed on the outside of the long shaft. Torsion springs are fixedly installed at both ends of the scraper along its length. The torsion springs are fitted onto the outside of the long shaft, and the outer ends of the torsion springs are fixedly set to the fixed long rib.

[0010] Specifically, the collecting component includes a bifurcated collecting box that is fixedly installed on the lower side of both separating boxes. The top of the bifurcated collecting box is located directly below the separating roller. The inner side of the bifurcated collecting box is fixedly connected to the collecting cylinder, and the outer side of the bifurcated collecting box is fixedly connected to a side collecting hopper.

[0011] Specifically, the acceleration component includes an inner cylinder fixedly mounted to the power rod. Two planetary bevel gears are fixedly mounted on the outer circumference of the inner cylinder. A large bevel gear is meshed with the outer side of the planetary bevel gears. A fixed frame is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the large bevel gear. A support rib is fixedly mounted on one side of the fixed frame. The support rib is fixedly mounted to the bracket. The power rod is rotatably mounted to the support rib. The transmission rod is rotatably connected to the side of the fixed frame away from the support rib. The transmission rod is rotatably mounted to the inner cylinder. A small bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the transmission rod. The small bevel gear meshes with the two planetary bevel gears respectively.

[0012] Specifically, the power component includes a power motor fixedly installed on the lower part of the inner wall of the housing, and the output end of the power motor is connected to the power rod, the rotating shaft and the mixing shaft through a pulley and a belt, respectively.

[0013] A method includes the following steps Step S1: Feeding and quantitative conveying; Step S2, triboelectric charging; Step S3: Vibration-based uniform feeding; Step S4: High-voltage electrostatic separation; Step S5: Collect the separated plastics by category.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the electrostatic sorting device and method for waste mixed plastics of the present invention have at least the following beneficial effects: This invention organically integrates a mixed plastic conveying component, a mixed charged component, a vibrating conveying component, an electrostatic separation component, and a collection component into one unit, realizing continuous automated operation of the entire process of waste mixed plastic from conveying, charging, vibrating and spreading, electrostatic separation and collection. The components are orderly connected through material pipes and collection cylinders, ensuring smooth material flow without manual intervention, thus improving the automation level and production efficiency of sorting operations.

[0015] This invention features a spiral-shaped charged mixing rod inside a mixing cylinder. When the rod rotates under the drive of a mixing shaft, it thoroughly agitates and stirs the plastic mixture inside the cylinder. The spiral structure allows the plastic particles to move simultaneously along the axial and circumferential directions within the cylinder. Different types of plastic particles come into full contact with each other, as well as with the charged rod and the cylinder wall, generating friction. This allows each plastic component to acquire differentiated charge polarity and charge-to-mass ratio.

[0016] This invention features symmetrically arranged arc-shaped discharge gates on the lower side of the mixing drum, which are driven by an electric cylinder to slide open and close. The symmetrical arrangement of the two discharge gates ensures rapid and thorough discharge, preventing material residue in the mixing drum and guaranteeing consistent sorting results between batches.

[0017] This invention allows for convenient adjustment of vibration amplitude via an amplitude adjustment component, adapting to the feeding requirements of different materials. A spacing adjustment component allows for simultaneous adjustment of the relative positions between the two feeding hoppers and the separating roller, flexibly adapting to the feeding requirements of materials with different particle sizes. The symmetrical arrangement of the two feeding hoppers significantly improves conveying efficiency and sorting capacity. An inclined spring provides reset and auxiliary vibration, enabling the feeding hoppers to generate continuous high-frequency vibration, conveying the charged mixed plastics in a uniform, single-layer, and stable flow to the electrostatic separation area, effectively preventing material stacking and clumping.

[0018] This invention employs a planetary bevel gear acceleration mechanism, which achieves a high speed-up ratio within a limited space, enabling the transmission rod to obtain a rotational speed much higher than the input speed of the power rod, thereby driving the vibrating conveyor component to generate high-frequency vibrations that meet the requirements of the fabric.

[0019] The bifurcated collection box of this invention has its bifurcated tops directly facing the material throwing trajectory area below the separating roller. Based on the different deflection trajectories of the plastic particles in the electric field, plastics with different charges fall into different bifurcated channels. This bifurcated structure design can correspond to the throwing trajectories of different plastics in the electric field, achieving separate collection of plastics with different charge characteristics and avoiding secondary mixing. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hybrid charged rod structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mixing cylinder structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding hopper structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the long plate structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is the invention Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram of section E in the middle; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the separating roller structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the mobile frame structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing frame structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is the invention Figure 9 Enlarged structural diagram of section A in the middle; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting plate structure of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the collecting cylinder structure of the present invention; Figure 13This is a schematic diagram of the side collection hopper structure of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped sleeve structure of the present invention; Figure 15 This is the invention Figure 14 Enlarged structural diagram of section B; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed long rib structure of the present invention; Figure 17 This is the invention Figure 16 Enlarged structural diagram of section C.

[0021] In the diagram: 1-Box body; 2-Support leg; 3-Mixing box; 4-Conveying cylinder; 5-Feeding open plate; 6-Material pipe; 7-Power motor; 8-Support frame; 9-Auger; 10-Mixing shaft; 11-Mixing rod with electric belt; 12-Mixing cylinder; 13-Separation box; 14-Bracket; 15-Electric cylinder; 16-Feeding hopper; 17-Inlet trough; 18-Rotating shaft; 19-Power rod; 20-Side collection hopper; 21-Separation roller; 22-Auxiliary scraper; 23-Fixed frame; 24-Long plate; 25-Inclined spring; 26-Moving frame; 27-The Two servo motors; 28-Double-headed screw; 29-Scraper; 30-Torsion spring; 31-Lifting crossbar; 32-Slide groove; 33-Mounting plate; 34-Adjusting disc; 35-First connecting rod; 36-Transmission long rod; 37-Fixed frame; 38-Small bevel gear; 39-Inner cylinder; 40-Planetary bevel gear; 41-Second connecting rod; 42-Connecting rod; 43-Moving block; 44-Fixed long rib; 45-Moving rib; 46-Bifurded collection box; 47-Sleeve; 48-Collection cylinder; 49-Discharge plate; 50-Arc-shaped sleeve; 51-Discharge gate. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The electrostatic sorting device and method for waste mixed plastics of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0024] This embodiment discloses an electrostatic sorting device and method for waste mixed plastics, such as... Figure 1-17 As shown, including Mixed plastic conveying components are used for transferring and conveying shredded waste mixed plastics; Mixing charged components, used to mix the charge on plastics; Vibrating conveyor components for conveying mixed plastics after they have been charged; Electrostatic separation components are used for separating charged mixed plastics; Collection component, used for collecting plastic after separation; The power unit provides a power source for the hybrid charged component, the vibration conveying component, and the electrostatic separation component; It also includes a hollow box 1, in which the vibration conveying component and the electrostatic separation component are both located. Support legs 2 are fixedly installed on the lower side of the box 1.

[0025] Pre-treated waste mixed plastics are fed into a mixed plastic conveying component, which transfers the material to a charged mixing component. In the charged component, the material gains charge through friction or corona discharge. The charged mixed plastics then enter a vibrating conveying component, where they are evenly distributed and conveyed to an electrostatic separation component under vibration. Under a high-voltage electric field, plastic particles with different charge properties deflect along different trajectories and fall into their corresponding collection components. Throughout the process, a power component provides driving force to the charged mixing component, the vibrating conveying component, and the electrostatic separation component. The housing 1 supports the vibrating conveying and electrostatic separation processes. It provides a closed and protected environment; through this overall structure, it realizes continuous and automated operation of the entire process of waste mixed plastics from conveying, charging, vibrating cloth, electrostatic separation and collection; the setting of box 1 effectively isolates the interference of the external environment on the electrostatic separation process, ensuring the stability and safety of sorting; the cooperation of various components makes the sorting system reliable and efficient; box 1 is a hollow rectangular box structure, welded from cold-rolled steel plates with a thickness of 2mm-4mm, and the inner wall of box 1 is coated with an insulating coating with a thickness of 0.3mm-0.5mm to prevent electrostatic leakage and charging of box 1.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the mixed plastic conveying component includes a support frame 8, a conveying cylinder 4 is installed on the upper side of the support frame 8, an auger 9 is rotatably installed inside the conveying cylinder 4, a first servo motor is fixedly installed at the lower end of the conveying cylinder 4, the output end of the first servo motor is connected to the lower end of the auger 9, a discharge port is opened at the upper end of the conveying cylinder 4, and a feeding opening plate 5 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the conveying cylinder 4. The first servo motor is started, driving the auger 9 inside the conveying cylinder 4 to rotate; the crushed waste mixed plastic is added from the feed port at the bottom or side wall of the conveying cylinder 4. Under the pushing action of the auger 9, the material is conveyed upward along the conveying cylinder 4 and finally discharged from the discharge port at the top of the conveying cylinder 4, entering the mixing and electrified components of the next process; the conveying method using the auger 9 ensures a smooth and controllable conveying process, and the material is not easily blocked. Moreover, the feeding speed can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the speed of the existing first servo motor to achieve matching with the material quantity of the downstream process; the conveying cylinder 4 has a closed structure, which effectively reduces dust and keeps the working environment clean; the support frame 8 is welded from square steel tubing.

[0027] like Figure 2 ,like Figure 14 He Ru Figure 15 As shown, the mixing and electrifying component includes a mixing box 3 fixedly installed on the upper side of the housing 1, a mixing cylinder 12 fixedly connected to the upper side of the mixing box 3, a mixing shaft 10 rotatably installed on the mixing cylinder 12, and a spiral mixing and electrifying rod 11 fixedly installed on the mixing shaft 10 for rapid electrification of the mixed plastic. An arc-shaped discharge door 51 is symmetrically opened on the lower side of the mixing cylinder 12, and a pull-out component is installed on one side of the discharge door 51 for discharging the electrified material mixed inside the mixing cylinder 12. An inlet is opened on the upper side of the mixing box 3, and a material pipe 6 is fixedly installed on the upper side of the inlet, with the upper side of the material pipe 6 fixedly connected to the discharge port. The mixed plastic discharged from the discharge port of the conveying component enters the mixing box 3 through the feed pipe 6 and the feed inlet, and then enters the mixing drum 12. The starting power component drives the mixing shaft 10 to rotate, and the spiral mixing charged rod 11 rotates accordingly, turning and rubbing the mixed plastic in the drum, so that different types of plastic particles can fully contact each other and generate friction charge between the particles and the charged rod and the drum wall. After charging is completed, the discharge door 51 on the lower side of the mixing drum 12 is opened by the pull-out component, and the charged mixed plastic is discharged from the mixing box 3 and enters the vibrating conveying component. During the rotation of the spiral mixing charged rod 11, not only is the material fully mixed, but friction also plays a role in the mixing process. Different plastic components are given differentiated charge polarity and charge-to-mass ratio, which greatly improves charging efficiency and charge uniformity; the double discharge gates 51 are symmetrically arranged, and the discharge is rapid and thorough, avoiding material residue in the mixing cylinder 12 and ensuring batch consistency; the mixing box 3 is welded from 304 stainless steel plate with a thickness of 3mm and has a rectangular structure; the mixing charged rod 11 is made of copper rod with a diameter of 10mm and the surface of the copper rod is polished; the mixing charged rod 11 is welded and fixed to the outer circumference of the mixing shaft 10 in a spiral manner; the gap between the outer end of the mixing charged rod 11 and the inner wall of the mixing cylinder 12 is 20mm-30mm. like Figure 14 He Ru Figure 15As shown, the pull-out component includes two outlets located on the lower side of the mixing cylinder 12. An arc-shaped sleeve plate 50 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the outlet. The discharge gate 51 is slidably connected to the arc-shaped sleeve plate 50. The discharge gate 51 has a discharge port adapted to the outlet, and the length of the discharge port is less than the length of the outlet. A grooved discharge plate 49 is correspondingly provided on the outer side of the discharge port. The discharge plate 49 is fixedly connected to the discharge gate 51. An electric cylinder 15 is installed on the outer side of the discharge gate 51 and is fixedly installed to the housing 1. When the plastic in the mixing cylinder 12 becomes energized by friction, the electric cylinder 15 is activated, driving the discharge gate 51 to slide along the arc-shaped sleeve plate 50. When the discharge port on the discharge gate 51 moves to a position completely aligned with the outlet on the lower side of the mixing cylinder 12, the outlet and the discharge port are interconnected. The charged plastic in the mixing cylinder 12 passes through the outlet and the discharge port in sequence into the discharge plate 49, and is guided out of the vibrating conveyor through the groove on the discharge plate 49. During this process, because the length of the discharge port is less than the length of the outlet, even when the discharge port and the outlet are aligned, a part of the outlet is still blocked by the discharge gate 51. However, the opening area where the outlet and the discharge port overlap is sufficient to meet the flow rate requirements of the material discharge. At the same time, this design can also limit the flow and control the discharge speed.

[0028] like Figure 8 -like Figure 12As shown, the vibratory conveying component includes a bracket 14 fixedly disposed inside the housing 1. A collecting cylinder 48 is fixedly mounted on the upper side of the bracket 14, and a mounting plate 33 is fixedly mounted on the upper side of the collecting cylinder 48. A transmission rod 36 is rotatably disposed on the lower side of the mounting plate 33, and an adjusting disc 34 is fixedly mounted on the transmission rod 36. The adjusting disc 34 has an adjusting groove, and an amplitude adjusting component is installed in the adjusting groove. A fixed shaft is fixedly mounted on the amplitude adjusting component. A first connecting rod 35 is hinged to the outer side of the fixed shaft. A second connecting rod 41 is hinged to the upper side of the first connecting rod 35. A connecting rod 42 is fixedly mounted on the upper side of the second connecting rod 41. A sleeve 47 is fixedly mounted on the upper side of the mounting plate 33. The connecting rod 42 is positioned... The connecting rod 42 is fixedly mounted with a lifting crossbar 31. Two movable frames 26 are symmetrically slidably mounted on the upper side of the support 14. A spacing adjustment component is provided between the two movable frames 26 and the support 14 to adjust the distance between the two movable frames 26 at the same time. A fixed frame 23 is hinged to the outer side of each movable frame 26. A feeding hopper 16 is fixedly mounted on the upper side of the fixed frame 23. An inclined spring 25 is fixedly mounted on the other side of the feeding hopper 16. The lower end of the inclined spring 25 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the movable frame 26. A long plate 24 is fixedly mounted on the lower side of each feeding hopper 16. A sliding groove 32 is opened on the side of the long plate 24 near the lifting crossbar 31. The lifting crossbar 31 is located in the sliding groove 32 and moves freely along the length of the sliding groove 32. An acceleration component is installed on one side of the transmission long rod 36. A power rod 19 is installed on the other side of the acceleration component. The power rod 19 is rotatably mounted with the collecting cylinder 48. The power unit drives the transmission rod 36 to rotate via the power rod 19 and the acceleration unit. When the transmission rod 36 rotates, the amplitude adjustment unit fixed in the adjustment groove drives the fixed shaft to make a circular motion, thereby pushing the first connecting rod 35 and the second connecting rod 41 to move up and down reciprocally. The second connecting rod 41 drives the connecting rod 42 to make a lifting motion under the guidance of the sleeve 47, and the lifting crossbar 31 moves up and down accordingly. The two ends of the lifting crossbar 31 slide in the groove 32 of the long plate 24 below the feeding hopper 16, pushing the feeding hopper 16 to swing up and down with the hinge point as the fulcrum. The tilting spring 25 provides a reset and auxiliary vibration function, so that the feeding hopper 16 generates continuous high-frequency vibration. The collecting cylinder 48 collects and distributes the charged plastic discharged from the mixed charged components to The device features two feeding hoppers 16 on both sides. The spacing between the two moving frames 26 can be adjusted simultaneously via a spacing adjustment component, thereby regulating the relative position between the feeding hoppers 16 and the subsequent electrostatic separation component. This vibrating conveyor can transport the charged mixed plastic to the electrostatic separation zone in a uniform, single-layer, and stable flow, effectively preventing material stacking and clumping, and ensuring that each plastic particle has a consistent initial velocity and dispersion state when entering the electric field. The amplitude adjustment component can adjust the vibration amplitude according to the material characteristics, and the spacing adjustment component can flexibly adapt to the material distribution requirements of materials with different particle sizes. The symmetrical arrangement of the two feeding hoppers 16 significantly improves conveying efficiency and sorting capacity. The tilting spring 25 makes the vibration gentler and more uniform, extending the equipment's lifespan. like Figure 11 As shown, the amplitude adjustment component includes a movable block 43 that is slidably disposed with the adjustment groove. An adjustment screw is threadedly connected to the movable block 43, and the adjustment screw is threadedly connected to the adjustment groove. The movable block 43 is fixedly disposed with a fixed shaft.

[0029] like Figure 8 As shown, the spacing adjustment component includes a second servo motor 27 fixedly mounted to the bracket 14, a double-ended screw 28 fixedly mounted at the output end of the second servo motor 27, the threads of the double-ended screw 28 having opposite directions, the two ends of the double-ended screw 28 being connected to the bracket 14 through bearing seats and bearings, and the threaded working area of ​​the double-ended screw 28 being threadedly connected to movable ribs 45, the upper end of the movable ribs 45 being fixedly mounted to the movable frame 26; When it is necessary to adjust the distance between the two feeding hoppers 16, the second servo motor 27 is started to drive the double-headed screw 28 to rotate. Since the two sections of the double-headed screw 28 have opposite spiral directions, the two moving ribs 45 that are threaded with it move towards or away from each other at the same time, thereby synchronously driving the two moving frames 26 and the feeding hoppers 16 on them to move closer or further away from each other. The structural design of the double-headed screw 28 with opposite spiral directions ensures that the two moving frames 26 move synchronously and at equal distances, so that the feeding hoppers 16 on both sides maintain a symmetrical position relative to their respective electrostatic separation components, ensuring the symmetry and consistency of the electric field distribution on both sides during the sorting process.

[0030] like Figure 7 ,like Figure 16 He Ru Figure 17 As shown, the electrostatic separation component includes a separation box 13 fixedly installed on both sides of the support 14 along its length. Each separation box 13 has an inlet groove 17 adapted to the feeding hopper 16. A rotating shaft 18 is rotatably connected to the separation box 13 along its length. A separation roller 21 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the rotating shaft 18. A fixed long rib plate 44 is fixedly installed on the movable frame 26 near the separation roller 21. A long shaft is rotatably installed on the upper side of the fixed long rib plate 44. A scraper 29 is rotatably installed on the outer side of the long shaft. Torsion springs 30 are fixedly installed at both ends of the scraper 29 along its length. The torsion springs 30 are fitted onto the outer side of the long shaft, and their outer ends are fixedly set to the fixed long rib plate 44. An auxiliary scraper 22 is provided on the outer side of the separation roller 21, and the auxiliary scraper 22 is fixedly set to the inner side of the separation box 13. Charged plastic particles conveyed by the vibrating feed hopper 16 enter the separation box 13 through the inlet groove 17 and fall onto the surface of the rotating separation roller 21. The separation roller 21 is connected to a high-voltage power supply, forming a high-voltage electrostatic field on the roller surface. Plastic particles with different charge characteristics are thrown off the surface of the separation roller 21 along different trajectories under the combined action of electric field force, gravity, and centrifugal force. During the rotation of the separation roller 21, the scraper 29 is always in close contact with the surface of the separation roller 21 under the torsion force of the torsion spring 30, scraping off the plastic particles adsorbed on the roller surface in real time. The cooperation between the scraper 29 and the torsion spring 30 realizes online automatic cleaning of the surface of the separation roller 21, which can keep the roller surface clean without stopping the machine, ensuring the stability of the electric field strength and the long-term consistency of the separation effect. The constant torque provided by the torsion spring 30 ensures that the scraper 29 always adheres to the roller surface with appropriate pressure, which effectively removes the adsorbed substances without damaging the roller surface coating, thus extending the service life of the separation roller 21.

[0031] like Figure 12 He Ru Figure 13 As shown, the collection component includes a forked collection box 46 that is fixedly installed on the lower side of both separation boxes 13. The top of the forks of the forked collection box 46 is located directly below the separation roller 21. The inner side of the forked collection box 46 is fixedly connected to the collection cylinder 48, and the outer side of the forked collection box 46 is fixedly connected to the side collection hopper 20. Below the separating roller 21, the top of the forked collection box 46 faces the material throwing trajectory area of ​​the separating roller 21. According to the different deflection trajectories of plastic particles in the electric field, plastics with different charges fall into different forked channels of the forked collection box 46. The inner side of the forked collection box 46 is connected to the collecting cylinder 48, which collects and discharges the different types of plastics after separation, thus completing the collection. The forked structure design of the forked collection box 46 can correspond to the throwing trajectory of different plastics in the electric field, realize the separate collection of plastics with different charge characteristics, avoid secondary mixing, and improve the sorting purity. The top of the fork faces the bottom of the separating roller 21, which captures all the thrown particles to the maximum extent and reduces material loss. The connection design with the collecting cylinder 48 facilitates the unified discharge and post-processing of collected materials.

[0032] like Figure 9 He Ru Figure 10 As shown, the acceleration component includes an inner cylinder 39 fixedly disposed with the power rod 19. Two planetary bevel gears 40 are fixedly installed on the outer circumference of the inner cylinder 39. A large bevel gear is meshed with the outer side of the planetary bevel gears 40. A fixed frame 37 is fixedly installed on the outer side of the large bevel gear. A support rib is fixedly installed on one side of the fixed frame 37. The support rib is fixedly disposed with the bracket 14. The power rod 19 is rotatably disposed with the support rib. The transmission rod 36 is rotatably connected to the side of the fixed frame 37 away from the support rib. The transmission rod 36 is rotatably disposed with the inner cylinder 39. A small bevel gear 38 is fixedly installed on the transmission rod 36. The small bevel gear 38 is meshed with the two planetary bevel gears 40 respectively. The power component drives the power rod 19 to rotate, which in turn drives the inner cylinder 39 and two planetary bevel gears 40 fixed on the inner cylinder 39 to rotate synchronously. While rotating, the planetary bevel gears 40 mesh with the large bevel gear. Since the large bevel gear is fixed to the bracket 14 via the fixing frame 37 and the support rib, the planetary bevel gears 40 generate a revolution motion while rotating. This revolution motion is transmitted through the inner cylinder 39 to the transmission rod 36, causing the transmission rod 36 to rotate at a faster speed. Simultaneously, the small bevel gear 38 fixed on the transmission rod 36 meshes with the two planetary bevel gears 40, further ensuring the stability and transmission ratio of the power transmission. This planetary bevel gear 40 acceleration mechanism achieves a high speed-up ratio within a limited space, enabling the transmission rod 36 to achieve a rotational speed much higher than the input speed of the power rod 19, thereby driving the vibratory conveying component to generate high-frequency vibrations that meet the requirements of the fabric. The structure is compact, the transmission is smooth, the load-bearing capacity is strong, and it has good self-locking and anti-reverse rotation performance, ensuring the reliability of the vibratory conveying.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, the power component includes a power motor 7 fixedly installed on the lower part of the inner wall of the housing 1. The output end of the power motor 7 is connected to the power rod 19, the rotating shaft 18 and the mixing shaft 10 through a pulley and a belt, respectively. The power motor 7 is started, and the pulley on the motor output shaft drives the pulleys connecting the power rod 19, the separating roller 21, and the mixing shaft 10 to rotate through multiple belts, thereby synchronously transmitting power to the vibrating conveying component, the electrostatic separation component, and the mixing charged component. The single power motor 7 drives the three core working components simultaneously through belt drive, simplifying the power system structure and reducing equipment costs and failure rates. The belt drive has an overload protection function; when a component jams, the belt can slip, protecting the motor and transmission system. Synchronous drive ensures the coordination of the actions between the components, making the whole machine run at a consistent rhythm and the sorting process smooth.

[0034] A method includes the following steps Step S1: Feeding and quantitative conveying; The pre-crushed waste mixed plastic is fed into the feed inlet of the conveyor cylinder 4. The first servo motor is started to drive the auger 9 to rotate inside the conveyor cylinder 4. The material is pushed upward along the conveyor cylinder 4 by the auger 9 and sent into the mixing box 3 and mixing cylinder 12 through the discharge port at the upper end of the conveyor cylinder 4 and the material pipe 6. The feeding speed is controlled by adjusting the speed of the first servo motor so that the amount of material matches the downstream process.

[0035] Step S2, triboelectric charging; The power motor 7 is started, and the mixing shaft 10 is driven to rotate via belt drive. The spiral mixing rod 11 rotates accordingly, tumbling and stirring the mixed plastic in the mixing drum 12. This causes sufficient friction between different types of plastic particles and between the particles and the mixing rod 11 and the inner wall of the mixing drum 12, generating triboelectric static charge. This gives each plastic component a different charge polarity and charge-to-mass ratio. After the charging is completed, the electric cylinder 15 is started, driving the discharge gate 51 to slide along the arc-shaped sleeve 50, so that the discharge port on the discharge gate 51 is aligned and connected with the discharge outlet on the lower side of the mixing drum 12. The charged mixed plastic is discharged through the discharge plate 49 and enters the vibrating conveyor.

[0036] Step S3: Vibration-based uniform feeding; Charged plastic discharged from the mixed charged components enters the collecting cylinder 48 and is distributed to the two side feeding hoppers 16. The power motor 7 drives the power rod 19 via a belt. The power rod 19 is accelerated by the planetary bevel gear 40 and then drives the transmission rod 36 to rotate. The amplitude adjustment component on the adjusting plate 34 drives the fixed shaft to make a circular motion, which is converted into an up-and-down reciprocating motion through the first connecting rod 35, the second connecting rod 41 and the connecting rod 42. The lifting crossbar 31 slides in the groove 32 of the long plate 24 below the feeding hopper 16, pushing... The feeding hopper 16 swings up and down at the hinge point, and with the reset and auxiliary vibration of the tilting spring 25, the feeding hopper 16 generates continuous high-frequency vibration, which conveys the charged mixed plastic in a uniform, single-layer, and stable material flow to the inlet tank 17 of the electrostatic separation component; according to the material particle size and material distribution requirements, the double-headed screw 28 is driven to rotate by the second servo motor 27, and the distance between the two moving frames 26 is adjusted synchronously to change the relative position of the feeding hopper 16 and the separation roller 21; the vibration amplitude is adjusted by adjusting the position of the moving block 43 in the adjustment tank.

[0037] Step S4: High-voltage electrostatic separation; The charged plastic granules, after being evenly distributed, enter the separation box 13 through the inlet trough 17 and fall onto the surface of the rotating separation roller 21. The separation roller 21 is connected to a high-voltage power supply, forming a high-voltage electrostatic field on the roller surface. Under the combined action of electric field force, centrifugal force, and gravity, plastic granules with different charge characteristics are thrown off the surface of the separation roller 21 along different trajectories. During the separation process, the scraper 29, under the torsion of the torsion spring 30, always keeps close contact with the surface of the separation roller 21, scraping off the plastic granules adsorbed on the roller surface in real time. The auxiliary scraper 22 assists in cleaning the roller surface, keeping the surface of the separation roller 21 clean and the electric field strength stable. Step S5: Collect the separated plastics by category.

[0038] Different charged plastic particles thrown off the surface of the separating roller 21 fall into different branch channels of the branch collection box 46 according to their respective deflection trajectories. The top of the branch of the branch collection box 46 is directly opposite the material throwing area below the separating roller 21, which collects plastic particles with different charged characteristics and discharges them through the side collection hopper 20 to complete the sorting and collection.

[0039] In use, the waste mixed plastic that has undergone crushing and pretreatment is first fed into the mixed plastic conveying component, which transfers the material to the mixed charged component. The material gains charge in the charged component through friction or corona discharge. The charged mixed plastic then enters the vibrating conveying component, where it is evenly distributed and conveyed to the electrostatic separation component under vibration. Under the action of a high-voltage electric field, plastic particles with different charge characteristics deflect along different trajectories and fall into the corresponding collection components.

[0040] It should be noted that, in actual implementation, the structure depicted in the accompanying drawings is not a fixed or unchanging embodiment. The components of the embodiments of the invention described and shown in these drawings can typically be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Furthermore, the accompanying drawings and abstract drawings are merely illustrative and do not represent the specific structure or actual quantity in a concrete implementation.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein should be understood in their ordinary sense as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The use of terms such as "a" or "an" in this specification and claims does not necessarily indicate a limitation of quantity. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or component preceding the word encompasses the element or component listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or components. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.

[0042] The exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and alterations can be made to the above specific embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, and various combinations can be made to the various technical features and structures proposed in the present invention without exceeding the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrostatic sorting device for waste mixed plastics, characterized in that: include Mixed plastic conveying components are used for transferring and conveying crushed waste mixed plastics; Mixing charged components, used to mix the charge on plastics; Vibrating conveyor components for conveying mixed plastics after they have been charged; Electrostatic separation components are used for separating charged mixed plastics; Collection component, used for collecting plastic after separation; The power unit provides a power source for the hybrid charged component, the vibration conveying component, and the electrostatic separation component; It also includes a hollow box (1), the vibration conveying component and the electrostatic separation component are both located inside the box (1), and a support leg (2) is fixedly installed on the lower side of the box (1).

2. The electrostatic sorting device for waste mixed plastics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixed plastic conveying component includes a support frame (8), a conveying cylinder (4) is installed on the upper side of the support frame (8), an auger (9) is rotatably installed inside the conveying cylinder (4), a first servo motor is fixedly installed at the lower end of the conveying cylinder (4), the output end of the first servo motor is connected to the lower end of the auger (9), a discharge port is opened at the upper end of the conveying cylinder (4), and a feeding opening plate (5) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the conveying cylinder (4).

3. The electrostatic sorting device for waste mixed plastics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixing charged component includes a mixing box (3) fixedly installed on the upper side of the housing (1), a mixing cylinder (12) fixedly connected to the upper side of the mixing box (3), a mixing shaft (10) rotatably installed on the mixing cylinder (12), a spiral mixing charged rod (11) fixedly installed on the mixing shaft (10) for quickly charging the mixed plastic, and an arc-shaped discharge door (51) symmetrically opened on the lower side of the mixing cylinder (12). A pull-out component is installed on one side of the discharge door (51) for discharging the charged material mixed in the mixing cylinder (12). The mixing box (3) has a feed inlet on its upper side, and a material pipe (6) is fixedly installed on the upper side of the feed inlet. The upper side of the material pipe (6) is fixedly connected to the discharge port. The pull-out component includes two outlets located on the lower side of the mixing cylinder (12). An arc-shaped sleeve plate (50) is fixedly connected to the outside of the outlet. The discharge gate (51) is slidably connected to the arc-shaped sleeve plate (50). The discharge gate (51) has a discharge port that matches the outlet. The length of the discharge port is less than the length of the outlet. A grooved discharge plate (49) is provided on the outside of the discharge port. The discharge plate (49) is fixedly connected to the discharge gate (51). An electric cylinder (15) is installed on the outside of the discharge gate (51). The electric cylinder (15) is fixedly connected to the housing (1).

4. The electrostatic sorting device for waste mixed plastics according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vibration conveying component includes a bracket (14) fixedly installed inside the housing (1). A collecting cylinder (48) is fixedly installed on the upper side of the bracket (14). An mounting plate (33) is fixedly installed on the upper side of the collecting cylinder (48). A transmission rod (36) is rotatably installed on the lower side of the mounting plate (33). An adjusting disc (34) is fixedly installed on the transmission rod (36). An adjusting groove is opened on the adjusting disc (34). An amplitude adjusting component is installed in the adjusting groove. A fixed shaft is fixedly installed on the amplitude adjusting component. A first connecting rod (35) is hinged to the outside of the fixed shaft. A second connecting rod (41) is hinged to the upper side of the first connecting rod (35). A connecting rod (42) is fixedly installed on the upper side of the second connecting rod (41). A sleeve (47) is fixedly installed on the upper side of the mounting plate (33). The connecting rod (42) is located on the sleeve (47). 7) The inner part moves freely up and down along the sleeve (47). A lifting crossbar (31) is fixedly installed on the upper side of the connecting rod (42). Two movable frames (26) are symmetrically slidably installed on the upper side of the bracket (14). A spacing adjustment component is provided between the two movable frames (26) and the bracket (14) to adjust the distance between the two movable frames (26) at the same time. A fixed frame (23) is hinged to the outer side of each movable frame (26). A feeding hopper (16) is fixedly installed on the upper side of the fixed frame (23). An inclined spring (25) is fixedly installed on the other side of the feeding hopper (16). The lower end of the inclined spring (25) is fixedly installed on the upper end of the movable frame (26). A long plate (24) is fixedly installed on the lower side of each feeding hopper (16). A sliding groove (32) is opened on the side of the long plate (24) near the lifting crossbar (31). The lifting crossbar (31) is located in the slide groove (32) and moves freely along the length of the slide groove (32); an acceleration component is installed on one side of the transmission rod (36), and a power rod (19) is installed on the other side of the acceleration component. The power rod (19) and the collecting cylinder (48) are rotatably arranged. The amplitude adjustment component includes a movable block (43) that is slidably disposed with the adjustment groove. An adjustment screw is threadedly connected to the movable block (43), and the adjustment screw is threadedly connected to the adjustment groove. The movable block (43) is fixedly disposed with a fixed shaft.

5. The electrostatic sorting device for waste mixed plastics according to claim 4, characterized in that: The spacing adjustment component includes a second servo motor (27) fixedly installed on the bracket (14), and a double-ended screw (28) fixedly installed at the output end of the second servo motor (27). The threads of the double-ended screw (28) are opposite in direction. The two ends of the double-ended screw (28) are connected to the bracket (14) through bearing seats and bearings. The working area of ​​the thread of the double-ended screw (28) is respectively threaded with a movable rib (45). The upper end of the movable rib (45) is fixedly set with the movable frame (26).

6. The electrostatic sorting device for waste mixed plastics according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electrostatic separation component includes a separation box (13) fixedly installed on both sides of the support (14) along its length. Each separation box (13) has an inlet groove (17) adapted to the feeding hopper (16). The separation box (13) is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft (18) along its length. A separation roller (21) is fixedly installed on the outside of the rotating shaft (18). A fixed long rib plate (44) is fixedly installed on a movable frame (26) near the separation roller (21). A long shaft is rotatably installed on the upper side of the fixed long rib plate (44). A scraper (29) is rotatably installed on the outside of the long shaft. Torsion springs (30) are fixedly installed at both ends of the scraper (29) along its length. The torsion springs (30) are fitted on the outside of the long shaft. The outer ends of the torsion springs (30) are fixedly set with the fixed long rib plate (44).

7. The electrostatic sorting device for waste mixed plastics according to claim 6, characterized in that: The collection component includes a bifurcated collection box (46) that is fixedly installed on the lower side of both separation boxes (13). The top of the bifurcated collection box (46) is located directly below the separation roller (21). The inner side of the bifurcated collection box (46) is fixedly connected to the collection cylinder (48), and the outer side of the bifurcated collection box (46) is fixedly connected to the side collection hopper (20).

8. The electrostatic sorting device for waste mixed plastics according to claim 4, characterized in that: The acceleration component includes an inner cylinder (39) fixedly mounted to the power rod (19). Two planetary bevel gears (40) are fixedly mounted on the outer circumference of the inner cylinder (39). A large bevel gear is meshed with the outer side of the planetary bevel gears (40). A fixed frame (37) is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the large bevel gear. A support rib is fixedly mounted on one side of the fixed frame (37). The support rib is fixedly mounted to the bracket (14). The power rod (19) is rotatably mounted to the support rib. The transmission rod (36) is rotatably connected to the side of the fixed frame (37) away from the support rib. The transmission rod (36) is rotatably mounted to the inner cylinder (39). A small bevel gear (38) is fixedly mounted on the transmission rod (36). The small bevel gear (38) meshes with the two planetary bevel gears (40) respectively.

9. The electrostatic sorting device for waste mixed plastics according to claim 8, characterized in that: The power component includes a power motor (7) fixedly installed on the lower part of the inner wall of the housing (1). The output end of the power motor (7) is connected to the power rod (19), the rotating shaft (18) and the mixing shaft (10) respectively through a pulley and a belt.

10. A method applied to an electrostatic sorting device for waste mixed plastics as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps Step S1: Feeding and quantitative conveying; Step S2, triboelectric charging; Step S3: Vibration-based uniform feeding; Step S4: High-voltage electrostatic separation; Step S5: Collect the separated plastics by category.

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