A vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device, thermal management system, and control method

Abstract

This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and proposes an on-board photovoltaic device, a thermal management system, and a control method. The on-board photovoltaic device of this application is applied to a vehicle and includes a liquid cooling plate, a thermoelectric generator, a thermally conductive interface layer, and a photovoltaic module, sequentially stacked from the vehicle body surface in a first outward direction. The thermally conductive interface layer is provided with a micro-nano texture, which is configured to guide the heat generated by the photovoltaic module to the heat-absorbing end of the thermoelectric generator. The thermoelectric generator is used to convert the heat conducted to the heat-absorbing end into electrical energy, including a heat-absorbing end near the thermally conductive interface layer and a heat-dissipating end near the liquid cooling plate. The liquid cooling plate is located on the side of the heat-dissipating end near the vehicle body surface, and a flow cavity for coolant flow is formed inside the liquid cooling plate, with a turbulence structure provided within the flow cavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to an on-board photovoltaic device, a thermal management system, and a control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle industry, vehicle-mounted photovoltaic power generation technology, due to its clean and renewable characteristics, has gradually become an important means to improve vehicle range and energy efficiency. Vehicle-mounted photovoltaic systems typically use flexible or rigid photovoltaic modules installed on the roof of the vehicle to convert solar energy into electrical energy for storage in the power battery or for use in the low-voltage system.

[0003] However, automotive photovoltaic systems face significant heat dissipation challenges in practical applications. When vehicles are exposed to direct sunlight, the temperature of the photovoltaic modules on the roof often reaches 60°C to 80°C. For crystalline silicon or thin-film photovoltaic cells, increased temperature leads to a decrease in open-circuit voltage and a significant reduction in photoelectric conversion efficiency. Furthermore, prolonged operation at high temperatures accelerates module aging and affects the system's lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides an on-board photovoltaic device, a thermal management system, and a control method to solve one or more of the problems mentioned above.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an on-board photovoltaic device for use in a vehicle, comprising a liquid cooling plate, a thermoelectric power generation component, a thermal interface layer, and a photovoltaic component stacked sequentially from the surface of the vehicle body in a first outward direction; The thermally conductive interface layer is provided with a micro-nano texture, which is configured to guide the heat generated by the photovoltaic module to the heat-absorbing end of the thermoelectric power generation module. The thermoelectric power generation component is used to convert the heat conducted to the heat-absorbing end into electrical energy, including a heat-absorbing end near the heat-conducting interface layer and a heat-dissipating end near the liquid cooling plate. The liquid cooling plate is located on the side of the heat dissipation end close to the surface of the vehicle body. A flow cavity for the flow of coolant is formed inside the liquid cooling plate, and a turbulence structure is provided inside the flow cavity.

[0006] A second aspect of this application proposes a thermal management system for use in vehicles, the vehicle thermal management system comprising: at least one thermal management loop, an energy storage power supply unit, an on-board photovoltaic device as described in the first aspect, and a controller. The energy storage power supply unit and the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device form an energy storage circuit for collecting and storing the electrical energy of at least one of the photovoltaic module and the thermoelectric power generation module. The energy storage power supply unit is electrically connected to the controller and the thermal management circuit to form a first power supply circuit; The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device is electrically connected to the controller and the thermal management circuit to form a second power supply circuit; The controller is used to generate a power supply circuit drive command based on the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module to turn on one of the first power supply circuit or the second power supply circuit.

[0007] A third aspect of this application provides a control method for the thermal management system described in the second aspect, the control method comprising: Collect the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module; Based on the board surface temperature, a power supply circuit drive command is generated to turn on one of the first power supply circuits or the second power supply circuit. When the plate surface temperature is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature threshold, the first power supply circuit is turned on. When the plate surface temperature is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature threshold, the second power supply circuit is turned on.

[0008] Compared to related technologies, automotive photovoltaic cooling solutions suffer from low photoelectric conversion efficiency and wasted heat resources. This embodiment addresses these issues by using a vertically stacked multi-layer structure. Heat generated by the photovoltaic modules is sequentially conducted through a thermally conductive interface layer to the heat-absorbing end of the thermoelectric generator. Part of the heat is converted into electrical energy after a temperature difference is created between the heat-absorbing end and the heat-dissipating end cooled by a liquid-cooled plate. The remaining heat is carried away by the coolant in the liquid-cooled plate and expelled from the vehicle. Thus, multiple functions—active cooling of the photovoltaic modules, waste heat recovery for power generation, and enhanced cooling of the heat dissipation end—are simultaneously achieved within the same vertical space. Attached Figure Description

[0009] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device. Figure 2 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a micro / nano texture according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a micro / nano texture according to another embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 This diagram shows the structure of the liquid cooling plate of this application; Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the connection architecture of the thermal management system according to a second embodiment of this application. Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating the control method of the third embodiment of the application is shown.

[0012] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10. Liquid-cooled plate; 20. Thermoelectric generator module; 30. Thermal interface layer; 40. Photovoltaic module; 50. Insulation layer; 31. Micro / nano texture; 30A. First surface; 30B. Second surface; 311. Thermal groove; 312. Thermal ridge; 10H, Flow cavity; 11, Turbulence structure; 10A, Third surface; 10B, Fourth surface; 12, Liquid inlet; 13, Liquid outlet; 2. Thermal management system; 201. Energy storage power supply unit; 202. Controller; 203. Thermal management circuit; 204. Battery coolant circuit; 205. Air conditioning heat exchange circuit; 206. Energy storage unit switch; 207. Thermoelectric power generation switch. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application, the solution of this application will be further described below. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0014] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application, but this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments in the specification are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0015] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0016] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0017] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0018] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0019] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, operated or used in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the technical term "connection" and other such terms should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0021] The following is a detailed description of this application.

[0022] In automotive photovoltaic cooling solutions, passive cooling methods, such as attaching heat sink fins or using natural air cooling, have limited effectiveness when the vehicle is stationary or moving at low speeds. Active cooling methods, such as using liquid cooling plates, can effectively reduce temperature, but the heat carried away by the coolant is usually dissipated directly into the environment, resulting in a waste of waste heat resources. Furthermore, how to achieve deep integration of photovoltaic power generation, waste heat recovery, and the vehicle's thermal management system within the limited roof space is also a pressing technical challenge.

[0023] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "first direction" refers to the direction from the surface of the vehicle body pointing outwards, that is, the direction perpendicular to the surface of the vehicle body and upwards. "Second direction" refers to the horizontal direction perpendicular to the first direction, such as the length or width direction of the vehicle.

[0024] The first embodiment of this application proposes an on-board photovoltaic device 1, applied to a vehicle, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a liquid cooling plate 10, a thermoelectric generator 20, a thermal interface layer 30, and a photovoltaic module 40, which are stacked sequentially from the surface of the vehicle body in a first outward direction. The thermally conductive interface layer 30 is provided with a micro-nano texture 31, which is configured to guide the heat generated during the photoelectric conversion of the photovoltaic module 40 to the heat-absorbing end of the thermoelectric power generation module 20. The thermoelectric power generation component 20 is used to convert the heat conducted to the heat-absorbing end into electrical energy, including a heat-absorbing end near the heat-conducting interface layer 30 and a heat-dissipating end near the liquid cooling plate 10. The liquid cooling plate 10 is located on the side of the heat dissipation end close to the surface of the vehicle body. A flow cavity 10H for the flow of coolant is formed inside the liquid cooling plate 10. A turbulence structure 11 is provided in the flow cavity 10H. The turbulence structure 11 is used to disrupt the fluid boundary layer of the flowing coolant.

[0025] In this embodiment, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device uses a photovoltaic module 40 to receive sunlight and perform photoelectric conversion, generating heat in the process. A thermally conductive interface layer 30 is attached to the back of the photovoltaic module 40, and a micro-nano texture 31 is provided on the thermally conductive interface layer 30. The micro-nano texture 31 can guide the heat generated by the photovoltaic module 40 along a first direction to the heat-absorbing end of the thermoelectric generator. The thermoelectric generator includes a heat-absorbing end near the thermally conductive interface layer 30 and a heat-dissipating end near the liquid cooling plate, converting thermal energy into electrical energy using the temperature difference between the heat-absorbing end and the heat-dissipating end. The liquid cooling plate is located on the side of the heat-dissipating end of the thermoelectric generator near the vehicle body surface, and a flow cavity 10H for coolant flow is formed inside. A turbulence structure 11 is provided in the flow cavity 10H. The turbulence structure 11 can disrupt the fluid boundary layer when the coolant flows through the flow cavity 10H, thereby enhancing the cooling effect of the liquid cooling plate on the heat-dissipating end.

[0026] Through the aforementioned vertically stacked multi-layer structure, the heat generated by the photovoltaic module 40 is sequentially conducted through the thermally conductive interface layer 30 to the heat-absorbing end of the thermoelectric generator. Part of the heat is converted into electrical energy after a temperature difference is created between the heat-absorbing end and the heat-dissipating end cooled by the liquid cooling plate. The remaining heat is carried away by the coolant in the liquid cooling plate and discharged outside the vehicle. Thus, multiple functions—active cooling of the photovoltaic module 40, waste heat recovery for power generation, and enhanced cooling of the heat dissipation end—are simultaneously achieved within the same vertical space.

[0027] Compared to existing automotive photovoltaic heat dissipation solutions mentioned in the background section, it has at least the following beneficial effects: Because the photovoltaic module 40 generates a large amount of heat during the photoelectric conversion process, its temperature rises with increasing solar radiation intensity, leading to a significant decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency. In this application, a thermally conductive interface layer 30, a thermoelectric generator 20, and a liquid-cooled plate 10 are sequentially arranged on the back of the photovoltaic module 40. These three components together form a low thermal resistance heat conduction path from the photovoltaic module 40 to the liquid-cooled plate 10. The heat generated by the photovoltaic module 40 is rapidly dissipated through the thermally conductive interface layer 30 and conducted through the thermoelectric generator 20 to the liquid-cooled plate 10 where it is carried away by the coolant, thus maintaining the operating temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 at a low level. Therefore, this application can effectively suppress the degradation of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module 40 due to high temperature, allowing the photovoltaic module 40 to maintain a high power generation efficiency even under outdoor exposure conditions.

[0028] Furthermore, in existing automotive photovoltaic cooling solutions, the heat removed by the liquid cooling plate or air cooling structure is usually directly dissipated into the external environment, resulting in a waste of waste heat resources. This application constructs a tiered heat utilization path by setting a thermoelectric power generation component between the photovoltaic module 40 and the liquid cooling plate: the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic module 40 first flows through the heat absorption end of the thermoelectric power generation component, where a temperature difference is formed between it and the heat dissipation end cooled by the liquid cooling plate, and thermoelectric conversion occurs before the remaining heat is carried away by the liquid cooling plate. Thus, the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic module 40 is recovered and converted into electrical energy by the thermoelectric power generation component before being dissipated, realizing dual power generation of light and heat energy and improving the energy output rate per unit area of ​​the vehicle body surface.

[0029] Furthermore, considering that the open-circuit voltage and output power of the thermoelectric generator are positively correlated with the temperature difference between the heat-absorbing end and the heat-dissipating end, the increase in temperature difference directly determines the improvement of thermoelectric conversion efficiency. In this application, the heat-absorbing end is directly coupled to the back of the photovoltaic module 40 through the thermally conductive interface layer 30, and heats up by absorbing the waste heat generated by the photovoltaic module 40; the heat-dissipating end is in close contact with the surface of the liquid cooling plate, and the coolant flowing in the liquid cooling plate continuously removes the heat from the heat-dissipating end after heat exchange is enhanced by the turbulence structure 11, keeping it at a lower temperature. The heat-absorbing end and the heat-dissipating end are heated and cooled respectively, maximizing the temperature difference between them, thereby improving the efficiency of the thermoelectric generator in converting heat energy into electrical energy.

[0030] In addition, the liquid cooling plate 10 is located on the side of the heat dissipation end close to the vehicle body surface, so that the heat flow direction of the entire device is along the first direction from the photovoltaic module 40 to the vehicle body surface, which is consistent with the direction of natural heat diffusion, reducing additional thermal resistance and further ensuring the effective reduction of the temperature of the heat dissipation end.

[0031] In traditional liquid cooling solutions, the liquid cooling plate 10 is directly attached to the back of the photovoltaic module 40 for heat dissipation. However, under strong sunlight, the coolant itself absorbs heat and its temperature rises, causing the temperature of the liquid cooling plate to rise as well. If the liquid cooling plate is directly attached to the roof sheet metal, heat will be conducted to the cabin through the roof sheet metal, increasing the cooling load of the air conditioning system and reducing cabin comfort. In this application, the liquid cooling plate 10 is located on the side of the thermoelectric generator's heat dissipation end near the vehicle body surface. The heat generated by the photovoltaic module 40 passes through the thermal interface layer 30 and the thermoelectric generator 20 before reaching the liquid cooling plate. During this process, some heat is converted into electrical energy by the thermoelectric generator, and the temperature of the remaining heat is reduced. After being cooled by the turbulence of the liquid cooling plate, the residual heat conducted to the vehicle body surface is significantly reduced, avoiding the problem of heat transfer to the cabin due to the increased temperature of the liquid cooling plate itself.

[0032] In summary, this application integrates photovoltaic power generation, thermoelectric power generation, and liquid cooling into a single multi-layer stacked structure, with each layer arranged sequentially along its thickness. The projected area on the vehicle surface is only equivalent to the area of ​​the photovoltaic module itself. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device of this embodiment can directly replace existing rooftop photovoltaic assemblies and be installed on the vehicle surface without requiring separate installation space for the cooling system or thermoelectric power generation system. This facilitates lightweight vehicle design and efficient utilization of roof space.

[0033] A preferred embodiment of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device of this embodiment will now be described.

[0034] In one optional embodiment, the photovoltaic module 40 can be a flexible heterojunction thin-film photovoltaic module 40 to adapt to the curved structure of the vehicle roof. The flexible heterojunction thin-film photovoltaic module 40 has high photoelectric conversion efficiency and good bending performance, enabling it to conform to the curved surfaces of parts such as the vehicle roof and reduce wind resistance. In other embodiments, the photovoltaic module 40 can also be a rigid photovoltaic module 40, suitable for relatively flat areas such as the vehicle roof. The on-board photovoltaic device can be used in conjunction with a liquid cooling system in the thermal management system to maintain maximum power generation efficiency at high temperatures.

[0035] In some embodiments of this application, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device is not limited to being arranged only on the vehicle roof, but can also be arranged on other outer surface areas of the vehicle body to increase the total light receiving area and improve the power generation capacity of the whole vehicle.

[0036] For example, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device can be installed in the front hood area. The front hood is the largest horizontal or sloping plane on the vehicle body besides the roof, offering a good angle for receiving sunlight and being an area with a low probability of collision during daily use. In the front hood area, the photovoltaic module 40 of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device can be a flexible heterojunction thin-film photovoltaic module 40, directly attached to the outer or inner surface of the hood sheet metal. Since the hood is subjected to direct airflow impact during vehicle operation, it has good convective heat dissipation conditions. Therefore, the photovoltaic module 40 installed in the hood area can cooperate with the internal cooling air duct structure of the hood to utilize the airflow during driving to assist in heat dissipation of the photovoltaic module 40, reduce the module's operating temperature, and improve power generation efficiency.

[0037] For example, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device can be arranged in the trunk lid or tailgate area. The trunk lid or tailgate has a large area and is usually relatively flat, making it an important area on the vehicle body where photovoltaic modules 40 can be installed. For SUVs or hatchback models, the tailgate is arranged almost vertically. Although the angle of sunlight reception is not as good as that of the roof, when the vehicle is parked and facing away from the sun, the tailgate area can effectively receive sunlight and generate electricity. This area can also be fitted with flexible heterojunction thin-film photovoltaic modules 40.

[0038] For example, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device can be installed in the panoramic sunroof glass area. Some new energy vehicles use non-openable panoramic glass sunroofs. In the panoramic sunroof glass area, semi-transparent polymer solar cells or dye-sensitized solar cells can be integrated into the glass interlayer. This photovoltaic module 40 has semi-transparent characteristics, and can generate electricity using the sunroof area without blocking the light inside the vehicle. At the same time, the semi-transparent photovoltaic module 40 can absorb some solar radiation energy, playing an auxiliary role in heat insulation and reducing the heat load inside the vehicle in summer.

[0039] In the aforementioned multiple arrangement areas, photovoltaic modules 40 in different locations can be selected from different material types according to their structural characteristics and functional requirements. Specifically: For the roof and hood areas, where the surface is relatively flat, flexible heterojunction thin-film photovoltaic modules 40 can be used. These modules have high photoelectric conversion efficiency, and when combined with a liquid cooling system, they can maintain high power generation efficiency under high-temperature conditions. The photovoltaic modules 40 in this area need to be connected to a liquid cooling plate for active heat dissipation.

[0040] For the panoramic sunroof and window glass areas, in order to balance aesthetics and power generation, semi-transparent polymer solar cells can be used to generate electricity while ensuring the lighting needs of the passenger cabin, and at the same time play a certain role in sun shading and heat insulation.

[0041] For the complex curved surfaces of the car doors and bumpers, where the curvature varies significantly, it is difficult to fit conventional sheet-like photovoltaic modules 40. A nano-photovoltaic coating technology can be used to directly apply photovoltaic materials to the vehicle surface as a coating, forming a continuous photoelectric conversion layer on the complex curved surface. This layer integrates with the paint layer on the vehicle surface, achieving auxiliary power generation while meeting aesthetic requirements. Because the power density in this area is relatively low and the mechanical strength of the photovoltaic layer coated on the curved surface is limited, liquid cooling pipes are not suitable; natural convection cooling can be relied upon.

[0042] In this embodiment, a thermally conductive interface layer 30 is disposed between the photovoltaic module 40 and the thermoelectric generator 20, and is used to conduct the heat generated by the photovoltaic module 40 during the photoelectric conversion process to the heat-absorbing end of the thermoelectric generator 20. The thermally conductive interface layer 30 can be made of a high thermal conductivity silicone material with a thermal conductivity of not less than 3 W / (m·K) and a thickness between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm.

[0043] In this embodiment, the thermal interface layer 30 is provided with a micro-nano texture 31, which is configured to guide the heat generated during the photoelectric conversion of the photovoltaic module 40 to the heat-absorbing end of the thermoelectric power generation module 20.

[0044] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in an optional embodiment, the thermally conductive interface layer 30 includes a first surface 30A for bonding with the photovoltaic module 40 and a second surface 30B for bonding with the thermoelectric generator module 20. The micro / nano texture 31 includes thermally conductive grooves 311 arranged perpendicular to the stacking direction, i.e., along the third direction. The width of the grooves 311 near the first surface 30A is greater than the width of the grooves near the second surface 30B, and raised thermally conductive ridges 312 are formed between adjacent thermally conductive grooves 311.

[0045] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the heat conduction groove 311 has an inverted trapezoidal or trapezoidal groove structure, which makes the heat flow density gradually increase as the cross-sectional area gradually decreases during the heat conduction from the first surface 30A to the second surface 30B, thereby realizing the convergence and directional conduction of heat, and further enhancing the vertical heat conduction effect.

[0046] In other embodiments, the heat conduction groove 311 is a pyramidal structure or other structure that can increase the contact area and guide the direction of heat flow. The size of the heat conduction groove 311 is in the micrometer range. The width of the groove 311 can be 80 μm to 150 μm at the first surface 30A and 20 μm to 50 μm at the second surface 30B. The depth of the groove is 50 μm to 100 μm. Those skilled in the art can design it according to the actual application and process capabilities.

[0047] In this embodiment, the thermoelectric generator 20 is used to convert heat conducted to the heat-absorbing end into electrical energy. The thermoelectric generator 20 includes a heat-absorbing end near the thermal interface layer 30 and a heat-dissipating end near the liquid cooling plate 10. The thermoelectric generator 20 operates based on the Seebeck effect; when there is a temperature difference between the heat-absorbing end and the heat-dissipating end, an electromotive force is generated inside the generator, thereby converting thermal energy into electrical energy. The electrical output end of the thermoelectric generator 20 is connected to a power converter via wires, and the generated electrical energy is converted to charge the vehicle's power battery or supply power to other loads.

[0048] The liquid cooling plate 10 is located on the side of the heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric generator 20 near the vehicle body surface. A flow cavity 10H for coolant flow is formed inside the liquid cooling plate 10.

[0049] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the liquid cooling plate 10 includes: At least one liquid inlet 12 and at least one liquid outlet 13, the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet being located on opposite surfaces of the liquid cooling plate, the liquid inlet 12 and the liquid outlet 13 being connected to the vehicle's thermal management system, the second direction being the flow direction from the liquid inlet to the liquid outlet, and the third direction being perpendicular to the first direction and perpendicular to the second direction; and The third surface 10A near the thermoelectric generator 20 and the fourth surface 10B near the vehicle body surface; The turbulence structure 11 includes at least one turbulence column arranged along the flow direction from the inlet 12 to the outlet 13, the turbulence column extending from the fourth surface 10B to the third surface 10A.

[0050] like Figure 4 As shown, a turbulence structure 11 is provided within the flow cavity 10H. The turbulence structure 11 is used to disrupt the fluid boundary layer when the coolant flows through it. In this embodiment, the turbulence structure 11 includes multiple turbulence columns disposed within the flow cavity 10H. The turbulence columns are arranged in an array within the flow cavity 10H, and their positions correspond to the heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric generator component 20. The cross-sectional shape of the turbulence columns can be cylindrical, elliptical, or rhomboid.

[0051] In a conventional liquid-cooled plate channel, the coolant forms a low-velocity fluid boundary layer on the channel wall, which significantly reduces heat transfer efficiency. Turbulence columns, however, can forcibly disrupt this boundary layer structure, creating localized turbulence and greatly improving the local heat transfer coefficient. This ensures a rapid temperature reduction at the heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric generator 20, thereby widening the temperature difference between the heat absorption and dissipation ends and improving thermoelectric conversion efficiency.

[0052] Furthermore, the turbulence-inducing columns are attached to the third surface 10A, and the thickness of the flow cavity 10H is the vertical distance between the third surface 10A and the fourth surface 10B. In other words, the height of the turbulence-inducing columns is equal to the thickness of the flow cavity 10H. This design forces all coolant flowing through this region to pass through the gaps between adjacent turbulence-inducing columns, ensuring that the coolant within the entire flow cavity 10H is subjected to the turbulence-inducing effect of the columns, thus covering the entire cross-section of the flow cavity 10H.

[0053] Furthermore, the baffle columns extend from the fourth surface 10B and adhere to the third surface 10A, effectively forming multiple support columns connecting the fourth surface 10B and the third surface 10A within the flow cavity 10H. These support columns bear the pressure of the coolant as it flows through the flow cavity 10H and transfer external loads borne by the third surface 10A, such as the gravity of the thermoelectric generator 20 and the photovoltaic module 40, to the fourth surface 10B and the vehicle body structure. Compared to a liquid cooling plate without internal support, the baffle columns, as an internal support structure, significantly improve the compressive strength and stiffness of the liquid cooling plate 10, making it less prone to deformation when subjected to external mechanical loads and coolant pressure. This ensures a tight fit between the third surface 10A and the heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric generator 20, maintaining a stable heat conduction interface.

[0054] In an optional embodiment, the arrangement density of the turbulence columns gradually increases along the second direction.

[0055] Multiple turbulence-dispersing columns are arranged along the flow direction from the inlet 12 to the outlet 13. Specifically, the turbulence-dispersing columns are sparser near the inlet 12 and denser near the outlet 13. As the coolant flows from the inlet 12 to the outlet 13, the coolant temperature gradually increases and the heat exchange temperature difference gradually decreases. By increasing the density of the turbulence-dispersing columns, the heat exchange effect of the latter half of the flow channel can be enhanced, making the temperature distribution at the heat dissipation end of the entire thermoelectric generator 20 more uniform.

[0056] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the liquid cooling plate 10 includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall perpendicular to the third surface 10A, and the first sidewall and the second sidewall are disposed opposite to each other. The liquid inlet 12 is opened on the first side wall and is located at the gap between adjacent turbulence columns near the side of the liquid inlet 12; The outlet 13 is opened on the second side wall and is located in the gap between adjacent turbulence columns near the side of the outlet 13.

[0057] In this embodiment, by setting the inlet 12 and outlet 13 at the gap between the turbulence columns, the coolant can directly impact the turbulence column array after entering from the inlet 12, thus enhancing the turbulence effect. Similarly, the coolant flows more smoothly out of the outlet 13 after passing through the turbulence column array, reducing the flow dead zone.

[0058] For example, a propylene glycol aqueous solution is preferably used as the coolant. Compared with the ethylene glycol aqueous solution commonly used in traditional vehicle coolants, the propylene glycol aqueous solution has the following advantages: high safety, even if leakage occurs and comes into contact with skin or is ingested in small amounts, it will not cause serious poisoning like ethylene glycol; it is biodegradable and environmentally friendly; and its performance meets the requirements, with a freezing point of approximately -34°C after mixing 50% propylene glycol and 50% deionized water, and a boiling point exceeding 110°C under pressure, which fully meets the temperature range requirements of vehicle operation.

[0059] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device also includes a heat insulation layer 50, which is located between the liquid cooling plate 10 and the vehicle body surface, and is used to block the heat of the liquid cooling plate 10 from being transferred from the vehicle body surface to the vehicle body interior.

[0060] In this embodiment, the heat insulation layer 50 is disposed between the liquid cooling plate 10 and the vehicle body surface to block heat conduction between the liquid cooling plate 10 and the vehicle body surface. Considering that under extreme sun exposure conditions, the liquid cooling plate 10 itself will also absorb some heat and rise in temperature, without the heat insulation layer 50, heat would be directly conducted to the interior roof through the roof sheet metal, increasing the air conditioning load. The heat insulation layer 50 acts as a heat shield, cutting off the heat path to the vehicle interior, ensuring that heat can only be carried upwards by the liquid cooling plate 10 or utilized by the thermoelectric generator 20. For example, the heat insulation layer 50 can adopt an aerogel felt composite aluminum foil reflective film structure, wherein the thermal conductivity of the aerogel felt is not higher than 0.02 W / (m·K), and the thermal reflectivity of the aluminum foil reflective film is not less than 90%, combining both low thermal conductivity and high thermal reflectivity.

[0061] The addition of the heat insulation layer 50 creates a five-layer stacked structure. Building upon the advantages of the aforementioned embodiments, this configuration prevents the temperature rise of the liquid cooling plate 10 from affecting the thermal environment of the cockpit. This allows the liquid cooling plate 10 to operate with greater heat exchange power, such as by increasing the coolant flow rate or lowering the coolant temperature, further reducing the temperature at the heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric generator 20. The reduced temperature at the heat dissipation end increases the temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric generator 20, increasing power generation. Furthermore, it allows the thermoelectric generator 20 to extract more heat from the heat absorption end of the photovoltaic module 40, enhancing the cooling effect of the photovoltaic module 40. Thus, the cooling effect of the photovoltaic module 40, the thermoelectric power generation, and the vehicle interior heat insulation effect create a positive synergistic gain.

[0062] The second embodiment of this application proposes a thermal management system 2. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device provided in this embodiment can be applied to the vehicle's thermal management system 2, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the thermal management system 2 includes an on-board photovoltaic device 1, an energy storage power supply unit 201, a controller 202, and at least one thermal management loop 203. The energy storage power supply unit 201 and the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1 form a first energy storage circuit, which is used to collect and store the electrical energy generated by at least one of the photovoltaic module 40 and the thermoelectric power generation module 20. The energy storage power supply unit 201 is sequentially electrically connected to the controller 202 and the thermal management circuit 203 to form a first power supply circuit; The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1 is electrically connected in sequence with the controller 202 and the thermal management circuit 203 to form a second power supply circuit; The controller 202 is used to generate a power supply circuit drive command based on the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 to turn on the first power supply circuit or the second power supply circuit.

[0063] In this embodiment, the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1 is installed on the surface of the vehicle body, such as the roof, hood, or trunk lid, to convert solar energy into electrical energy and simultaneously recover waste heat generated during the power generation process of the photovoltaic module 40 for thermoelectric power generation. An energy storage power supply unit 201, such as a lithium-ion battery or lead-acid battery, is electrically connected to the photovoltaic module 40 and the thermoelectric power generation module 20 of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1, forming an energy storage circuit for collecting and storing the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic module 40 and the thermoelectric power generation module 20. The energy storage power supply unit 201 is also electrically connected to the controller 202 and the thermal management circuit 203, forming a power supply circuit for supplying power to the electrical equipment in the controller 202 and the thermal management circuit 203, such as pumps, valves, and fans.

[0064] The controller 202 is communicatively connected to the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1, the energy storage power supply unit 201, and the thermal management circuit 203. For example, the controller 202 can be a vehicle control unit (VCU) or a thermal management controller 202, electrically connected via a controller area network (CAN) bus. The controller 202 is used to acquire the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 and generate power supply circuit drive commands based on this temperature to activate different power supply circuits.

[0065] The energy storage power supply unit 201 is electrically connected to the controller 202 and the thermal management circuit 203 to form a first power supply circuit. In this first power supply circuit, the energy storage power supply unit 201 serves as the power source, and the electrical equipment in the controller 202 and the thermal management circuit 203, such as pumps, valves, and fans, serve as loads. The controller 202 obtains operating power through this first power supply circuit, and the electrical equipment in the thermal management circuit 203 also obtains driving power through this first power supply circuit. For example, the electric water pump in the battery coolant circuit 204 and the compressor in the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205 are both powered by the energy storage power supply unit 201.

[0066] The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1 is electrically connected to the controller 202 and the thermal management circuit 203 to form a second power supply circuit. In this second power supply circuit, the thermoelectric generator 20 or photovoltaic module 40 in the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1 serves as the power source, and the electrical equipment in the controller 202 and the thermal management circuit 203 serves as the load. The difference from the first power supply circuit is that the power source of the second power supply circuit comes from the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1 itself, rather than the energy storage power supply unit 201. Under specific operating conditions, such as when the photovoltaic module 40 has a high temperature and the thermoelectric generator 20 has a high output power, the electrical energy output by the thermoelectric generator 20 can directly power the pumps, valves, and other electrical equipment in the controller 202 and the thermal management circuit 203 without consuming the electrical energy of the energy storage power supply unit 201.

[0067] The controller 202 acquires the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 in real time through a temperature sensor, and generates a power supply circuit drive command based on the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 to turn on one of the first power supply circuit or the second power supply circuit.

[0068] The controller 202 compares the acquired plate temperature with a preset temperature threshold. When the plate temperature is lower than the preset threshold, the controller 202 generates a drive command to turn on the first power supply circuit, so that the energy storage power supply unit 201 supplies power to the electrical equipment in the thermal management circuit 203; when the plate temperature is higher than the preset threshold, the controller 202 generates a drive command to turn on the second power supply circuit, so that the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1 directly supplies power to the electrical equipment in the thermal management circuit 203.

[0069] The thermal management system 2 design scheme described in this application integrates the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1, the energy storage power supply unit 201, the controller 202, and the thermal management circuit 203 at the electrical and information level, and has at least the following technical advantages compared to related technologies: In related technologies, the electrical energy generated by the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1 typically needs to be fed into a power battery first, and then supplied to various electrical loads via the power battery. The electrical energy undergoes two power conversions: the photovoltaic voltage is converted to the battery voltage, and the battery voltage is converted to the load voltage. Each conversion results in energy loss. In this application, the thermoelectric generator component 20 of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1 is directly connected to the electrical equipment of the controller 202 and the thermal management circuit 203 via a second power supply circuit. This allows for direct supply to electrical loads such as pumps and valves without going through the energy storage power supply unit 201. This direct power supply circuit reduces intermediate energy conversion steps, lowers power conversion losses during energy transfer, and improves the utilization efficiency of photovoltaic waste heat recovery energy.

[0070] The controller 202 generates power supply circuit drive commands based on the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40, selectively activating either the first or second power supply circuit. When the temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 is low and the output power of the thermoelectric generator 20 is limited, the thermal management system 2 uses the energy storage power supply unit 201 to ensure reliable startup of the cooling function. When the temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 rises to a higher range and the output power of the thermoelectric generator 20 increases, the thermal management system 2 switches to direct power supply from the on-board photovoltaic device 1. This adaptive switching of power supply modes allows the heat dissipation energy consumption of the thermal management circuit 203 to be prioritized by the electrical energy converted from the photovoltaic waste heat that would otherwise be wasted, reducing the electricity expenditure of the energy storage power supply unit 201 for non-driving purposes and indirectly improving the vehicle's driving range.

[0071] In this embodiment, the two power supply circuits form a redundant power supply architecture that serves as backup for each other. When the energy storage power supply unit 201 has a low state of charge or fails, the controller 202 can activate the second power supply circuit, allowing the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1 to supply power to the critical loads and ensure the basic operation of the thermal management system 2. When the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1 cannot generate electricity due to insufficient sunlight, the dual power supply circuit architecture improves the power supply reliability of the thermal management system 2 under different lighting conditions and different energy storage states.

[0072] For example, a temperature sensor can be used to obtain the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40. The temperature sensor is a surface-mount negative temperature coefficient thermistor, which is attached to the back or edge of the photovoltaic module 40 to ensure accurate surface temperature.

[0073] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the energy storage circuit includes a photovoltaic waste heat energy storage circuit and a thermoelectric power generation energy storage circuit; The photovoltaic waste heat energy storage circuit and the thermoelectric power generation energy storage circuit are connected in parallel and are both electrically connected to the energy storage power supply unit 201. The photovoltaic waste heat energy storage circuit is used to receive the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic module 40 and store it in the energy storage power supply unit 201; The thermoelectric power generation and energy storage circuit is used to receive the electrical energy output by the thermoelectric power generation component 20 and store it in the energy storage power supply unit 201.

[0074] In this embodiment, the power output terminal of the photovoltaic module 40 is connected to the charging input terminal of the energy storage power supply unit 201 via a wire, and the power output terminal of the thermoelectric generator 20 is also connected to the charging input terminal of the energy storage power supply unit 201 via a wire.

[0075] In one embodiment, the power output terminal of the photovoltaic module 40 is connected to a first power converter, such as a DC-DC boost converter or a maximum power point tracking controller 202, and the output terminal of the first power converter is connected to the energy storage power supply unit 201. The first power converter is used to convert the voltage and current output by the photovoltaic module 40 so that the photovoltaic module 40 matches the charging requirements of the energy storage power supply unit 201.

[0076] In one embodiment, the power output terminal of the thermoelectric generator 20 is connected to a second power converter, such as a DC-DC boost converter, and the output terminal of the second power converter is connected to the energy storage power supply unit 201. The thermoelectric generator 20 operates at a low output voltage during normal operation, and the second power converter is used to boost this low voltage to the charging voltage required by the energy storage power supply unit 201. The second power converter can also integrate maximum power point tracking (MPPT) functionality to adjust the operating point of the thermoelectric generator 20 in real time, ensuring it always operates at maximum power output, further improving waste heat recovery efficiency.

[0077] In this embodiment, the photovoltaic module 40 and the thermoelectric generator 20 can charge the energy storage power supply unit 201 simultaneously or independently. When there is sufficient sunlight and the photovoltaic module 40 is at a high temperature, both the photovoltaic module 40 and the thermoelectric generator 20 are generating electricity, and the electricity generated by both charges the energy storage power supply unit 201. When there is insufficient sunlight or the photovoltaic module 40 is at a low temperature, only the photovoltaic module 40 or only the thermoelectric generator 20 is generating electricity, charging the energy storage power supply unit 201 alone. When the photovoltaic module 40 generates electricity but the thermoelectric generator 20 does not, only the photovoltaic waste heat energy storage circuit charges the energy storage power supply unit 201. When the thermoelectric generator 20 generates electricity but the photovoltaic module 40 does not, for example, when using vehicle waste heat for thermoelectric power generation at night, only the thermoelectric power storage circuit charges the energy storage power supply unit 201.

[0078] This embodiment connects the photovoltaic waste heat energy storage circuit and the thermoelectric power generation energy storage circuit in parallel. The two power generation units can work flexibly in combination to adapt to the power generation needs under different light and temperature conditions, thereby improving the system's adaptability to changing environments and energy collection efficiency.

[0079] In one alternative embodiment, such as Figure 5As shown, the thermal management circuit 203 includes a battery coolant circuit 204 and an air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205. At least a portion of the pipes of the battery coolant circuit 204 forms a first coolant circuit with the liquid cooling plate 10, and at least a portion of the pipes of the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205 forms a second coolant circuit with the liquid cooling plate 10. The controller 202 is also used to generate a coolant circuit drive command according to the plate surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 to activate the first coolant circuit and / or the second coolant circuit.

[0080] The battery coolant circuit 204 and the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205 are used to regulate the temperature of the vehicle's power battery and passenger compartment, respectively. The liquid cooling plate 10 of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1 is connected to a portion of the thermal management circuit 203 through a pipeline to form a coolant circuit, thereby utilizing the coolant in the thermal management circuit 203 to cool the liquid cooling plate 10.

[0081] The liquid-cooled plate 10 of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1 is connected to the battery coolant circuit 204 and the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205 respectively through a switching valve assembly. The switching valve assembly includes a first switching valve and a second switching valve. The first switching valve is located on the pipeline between the liquid-cooled plate 10 and the battery coolant circuit 204 and is used to control the on / off state of the pipeline. The second switching valve is located on the pipeline between the liquid-cooled plate 10 and the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205 and is used to control the on / off state of the pipeline. The controller 202 is electrically connected to the first switching valve, the second switching valve, and the pump body in each circuit and is used to control the working state of the valve body and the pump body.

[0082] The battery coolant circuit 204 is a circuit used by the vehicle to regulate the temperature of the power battery. The battery coolant circuit 204 includes cooling channels, an electric water pump, a radiator, and a coolant reservoir. Driven by the electric water pump, the coolant flows through the cooling channels inside the energy storage power supply unit, carrying away the heat generated during battery charging and discharging. It then flows through the radiator to dissipate the heat to the external environment and finally returns to the coolant reservoir to complete the cycle. In this application, a first branch is drawn from the pipeline of the battery coolant circuit 204, which is connected to the inlet 12 of the liquid cooling plate 10. The outlet 13 of the liquid cooling plate 10 is connected back to the battery coolant circuit 204 via a second branch, thus forming a first coolant circuit. A first switching valve is provided on the first coolant circuit to control the opening and closing of the first coolant circuit.

[0083] The controller 202 acquires the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 in real time through a temperature sensor. When the surface temperature rises to a first preset temperature threshold, the controller 202 determines that cooling needs to be activated. At this time, the controller 202 generates a coolant circuit drive command to activate the first coolant circuit and / or the second coolant circuit.

[0084] For example, when the plate surface temperature is in a lower range, such as 50°C to 60°C, the controller 202 can only activate the first coolant circuit, using the coolant in the battery coolant circuit 204 to cool the liquid-cooled plate 10. When the plate surface temperature is in a higher range, such as above 60°C, the controller 202 can simultaneously activate both the first and second coolant circuits, using the battery coolant circuit 204 and the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205 together to cool the liquid-cooled plate 10, thereby improving heat dissipation capacity. In this example, by connecting the liquid-cooled plate 10 to the battery coolant circuit 204 and the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205 respectively, this application can select different cooling sources according to different temperature ranges, realizing on-demand allocation of cooling resources, and reducing system energy consumption while ensuring heat dissipation effect.

[0085] In this embodiment, the first preset temperature threshold represents the critical point at which the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module 40 begins to decrease significantly due to the increase in temperature. The second preset temperature threshold represents the critical point at which the temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 further increases, the power generation of the thermoelectric generator 20 significantly increases, and the thermal management system 2 can switch to self-powered mode. The third preset temperature threshold represents the critical point at which the ambient temperature has dropped to a level that may cause snow or ice to accumulate on the surface of the photovoltaic module 40.

[0086] Taking a first preset temperature threshold of 50℃ and a second preset temperature threshold of 60℃ as an example, In an optional embodiment, the controller 202 is further configured to generate a refrigerant circuit drive command to open the battery coolant circuit 204 when the plate temperature is greater than or equal to a first preset temperature threshold and less than a second preset temperature threshold, and to generate a power supply circuit drive command to turn on the first power supply circuit according to the refrigerant circuit drive command.

[0087] When the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 reaches the range of 50°C to 60°C, it indicates that the photoelectric conversion efficiency has begun to decline significantly, requiring cooling to be initiated. At this time, the controller 202 generates a refrigerant circuit drive command to open the battery coolant circuit 204. Specifically, it controls the opening of the first switching valve, allowing the coolant in the battery coolant circuit 204 to flow into the liquid cooling plate 10, carrying away the heat from the heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric generator 20. Simultaneously, the controller 202 generates a power supply circuit drive command to activate the first power supply circuit based on the refrigerant circuit drive command. This causes the energy storage power supply unit 201 to supply power to the electronic water pump in the battery coolant circuit 204, driving the coolant circulation. Under this control logic, the driving power for the coolant comes from the energy storage power supply unit 201. Since the power generation of the thermoelectric generator 20 may not be sufficient to drive the electronic water pump when the surface temperature is 50°C to 60°C, the energy storage power supply unit 201 is prioritized to ensure reliable startup of the cooling system.

[0088] In an optional embodiment, the controller 202 is further configured to generate a refrigerant circuit drive command to open the battery coolant circuit 204 and the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205 when the plate temperature is greater than or equal to a second preset temperature threshold, and to generate a power supply circuit drive command to turn on the second power supply circuit according to the refrigerant circuit drive command.

[0089] When the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 reaches the second preset temperature threshold of 60°C, the temperature of the heat-absorbing end of the thermoelectric generator 20 is higher, the temperature difference between the heat-absorbing end and the heat-dissipating end increases, and the power generation is significantly improved. At this time, the controller 202 generates a refrigerant circuit drive command to open the battery coolant circuit 204 and the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205, that is, simultaneously controls the opening of the first switching valve and the second switching valve, so that the battery coolant circuit 204 and the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205 simultaneously cool the liquid cooling plate 10 to enhance the heat dissipation effect. At the same time, the controller 202 generates a power supply circuit drive command to activate the second power supply circuit according to the refrigerant circuit drive command, so that the thermoelectric generator 20 and the photovoltaic module 40 of the vehicle photovoltaic device 1 supply power to the electrical equipment of the thermal management circuit 203, including powering the electric water pump of the battery coolant circuit 204 and the compressor of the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205.

[0090] Under this operating condition, the power output of the thermoelectric generator 20 increases with the increase of the plate surface temperature, and the electrical energy output by the thermoelectric generator 20 is sufficient to drive electrical equipment such as electric water pumps and compressors. The controller 202 turns on the second power supply circuit, and the system realizes the use of electricity converted from photovoltaic waste heat to drive the heat dissipation equipment, forming a positive feedback loop and reducing the power consumption of the energy storage power supply unit 201.

[0091] In an optional embodiment, the controller 202 is further configured to acquire an ambient temperature parameter, and when the ambient temperature parameter is less than or equal to a third preset temperature threshold, generate a refrigerant circuit drive command to turn on the battery coolant circuit 204 so that the heat of the battery coolant circuit 204 is conducted to the liquid cooling plate 10, and generate a power supply circuit drive command to turn on the first power supply circuit according to the refrigerant circuit drive command. The third preset temperature threshold is less than the first preset temperature threshold. For example, the third preset temperature threshold can be set to 0°C.

[0092] When the ambient temperature drops to or below the third preset temperature threshold of 0°C, snow or ice may accumulate on the surface of the photovoltaic module 40, affecting photoelectric conversion efficiency and potentially causing mechanical damage. At this time, the controller 202 can collect and obtain ambient temperature parameters through the vehicle's external temperature sensor to determine if snow or ice removal is necessary. The controller 202 generates a refrigerant circuit drive command to open the battery coolant circuit 204, controlling the switching valve to switch to heating mode. This allows the high-temperature coolant in the battery coolant circuit 204 to be heated by the heat generated during battery charging and discharging. The heat is transferred to the surface of the photovoltaic module 40 through the liquid cooling plate 10, the thermoelectric generator 20, and the thermal interface layer 30, melting the snow or ice. Simultaneously, the controller 202 generates a power supply circuit drive command to open the first power supply circuit based on the refrigerant circuit drive command. This enables the energy storage power supply unit 201 to power the electronic water pump in the battery coolant circuit 204, driving the high-temperature coolant to circulate to the liquid cooling plate 10. In this mode, the function of the liquid cooling plate 10 changes from heat dissipation to heating. It uses the waste heat generated when the vehicle battery is working to remove snow and ice from the photovoltaic module 40. There is no need to configure an additional electric heating device, which expands the application scenarios and simplifies the design structure of the thermal management system 2.

[0093] It should be noted that the specific values ​​of the temperature thresholds mentioned above are for illustrative purposes only. In practical applications, they can be adjusted adaptively based on the material properties of the photovoltaic module 40, the vehicle's operating environment, and system design requirements. For example, for the photovoltaic module 40 with good temperature resistance, the first preset temperature threshold can be set to 55℃; for regions with colder winters, the third preset temperature threshold can be set to -5℃. Each temperature threshold is pre-stored as calibrable parameters in the controller 202 and can be modified online through the on-board diagnostic interface.

[0094] In some embodiments of this application, the controller 202 is further configured to control the opening degree of the first switching valve using pulse width modulation when the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 is between a first preset temperature threshold and a second preset temperature threshold. For example, the controller 202 linearly adjusts the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal based on the difference between the surface temperature and the first preset temperature threshold; for example, the duty cycle ranges from 20% to 100%. The larger the temperature difference, the higher the duty cycle, the larger the opening degree of the first switching valve, and the greater the flow rate of coolant through the liquid cooling plate 10, thereby achieving continuous adjustment of the cooling capacity and avoiding frequent valve opening and closing due to temperature fluctuations.

[0095] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, the thermal management system 2 also includes an energy storage unit switch 206 and a thermoelectric generator switch 207; The energy storage unit switch 206 is connected in series between the controller 202 and the energy storage power supply unit 201. The controller 202 controls the conduction state of the first power supply circuit through the energy storage unit switch 206. The thermoelectric power generation switch 207 is connected in series between the controller 202 and the thermoelectric power generation component 20. The controller 202 controls the conduction state of the second power supply circuit through the thermoelectric power generation switch 207.

[0096] In this embodiment, when the controller 202 outputs a conduction signal, the energy storage unit switch 206 is closed, and the circuit between the energy storage power supply unit 201 and the controller 202 is connected. The energy storage power supply unit 201 supplies power to the controller 202 and the electrical equipment in the thermal management circuit 203. When the controller 202 outputs a shutdown signal, the energy storage unit switch 206 is opened, and the energy storage power supply unit 201 stops supplying power to the controller 202 and the thermal management circuit 203.

[0097] When the controller 202 outputs a conduction signal, the thermoelectric generator switch 207 closes, and the circuit between the thermoelectric generator component 20, the controller 202, and the electrical equipment in the thermal management circuit 203 is connected, and the thermoelectric generator component 20 directly supplies power to the controller 202 and the thermal management circuit 203; when the controller 202 outputs a shutdown signal, the thermoelectric generator switch 207 opens, and the thermoelectric generator component 20 stops supplying power to the controller 202 and the thermal management circuit 203.

[0098] The energy storage unit switch 206 and the thermoelectric generator switch 207 can be controllable switching devices such as relays, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), or insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The control terminals of the aforementioned switching devices are electrically connected to the controller 202, which controls the switching on and off by outputting high-level or low-level signals.

[0099] Based on the above settings, the controller 202 can independently control the on and off of each power supply circuit. When the controller 202 needs to switch the power source, it only needs to output a conduction signal to the corresponding switching device to realize the rapid connection of the circuit, while turning off the other switch to achieve electrical isolation and prevent voltage backflow or current backflow between the two power sources.

[0100] The thermal management system 2 in this embodiment constructs a vehicle-level thermal management architecture that integrates power management, cold source switching, and heat source reuse. Compared with existing technologies, this overall solution has at least the following advantages: First, this application enables coordinated energy storage of vehicle-mounted photovoltaic power generation and waste heat recovery power generation, improving energy collection efficiency. In this application, the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic module 40 during photoelectric conversion and the electrical energy converted from waste heat by the thermoelectric power generation module can be fed into the energy storage power supply unit 201 for storage. This energy storage architecture can adapt to the power generation needs under different light and temperature conditions. When the light is sufficient, the photovoltaic module 40 is the main power generation unit, and when the temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 is high, the thermoelectric power generation module serves as a supplementary power generation unit. The coordinated operation of the two significantly improves the energy collection efficiency per unit area of ​​the vehicle surface.

[0101] Secondly, this application enables adaptive switching of the power supply mode of the thermal management circuit 203, reducing overall vehicle energy consumption. The controller 202 generates power supply circuit drive commands based on the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40, selectively activating either the first or second power supply circuit. When the temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 is low and the output power of the thermoelectric generator is limited, the system uses the energy storage power supply unit 201 to power the pump and valves, ensuring reliable startup of the cooling function. When the temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 rises to a higher range and the output power of the thermoelectric generator increases, the system switches to the on-board photovoltaic device 1 directly powering the electrical equipment in the thermal management circuit 203. This adaptive switching of the power supply mode allows the heat dissipation energy consumption of the thermal management circuit 203 to be preferentially converted from the previously wasted photovoltaic waste heat, reducing the energy consumption of the energy storage power supply unit 201 and indirectly extending the vehicle's pure electric range.

[0102] Furthermore, this application can activate different cold sources according to temperature range, realizing on-demand allocation of cooling resources. By activating different combinations of cold sources in a graded manner, the system avoids activating high-energy-consuming cold sources such as air conditioners in lower temperature ranges, reducing unnecessary energy consumption; while in higher temperature ranges, the superimposed air conditioning cold source ensures sufficient heat dissipation capacity and prevents overheating damage to the photovoltaic modules.

[0103] Based on this, this application enables the reuse of battery waste heat in winter, expanding the system's all-weather adaptability. When the ambient temperature is lower than the third preset temperature threshold, the conduction direction or working mode of the battery coolant circuit 204 is switched, allowing the waste heat generated during battery charging and discharging to be transferred to the liquid cooling plate 10 through the coolant, and then conducted to the surface of the photovoltaic module 40 via the thermoelectric generator 20 and the thermal interface layer 30 to achieve snow melting and defrosting. This realizes the reuse of battery heat across seasons and systems, solving the problem of photovoltaic module 40 being unable to generate electricity due to snow cover in winter without adding an additional heating device, and improving the availability of the vehicle photovoltaic system in severe cold climate conditions.

[0104] Another embodiment of this application proposes a method for controlling the thermal management system 2 of the above embodiments, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the control method includes: The surface temperature of photovoltaic module 40 was collected; Based on the plate temperature, a power supply circuit drive command is generated to turn on the first power supply circuit or the second power supply circuit. When the plate surface temperature is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature threshold and less than the second preset temperature threshold, the first power supply circuit is turned on. When the plate surface temperature is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature threshold, the second power supply circuit is turned on.

[0105] In an optional embodiment, the thermal management circuit 203 includes a battery coolant circuit 204 and an air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205. At least a portion of the piping of the battery coolant circuit 204 forms a first coolant circuit with the liquid cooling plate 10, and at least a portion of the piping of the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205 forms a second coolant circuit with the liquid cooling plate 10. The control method further includes: Based on the plate surface temperature, a coolant circuit drive command is generated to activate the first coolant circuit and / or the second coolant circuit. When the plate surface temperature is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature threshold and less than the second preset temperature threshold, a refrigerant circuit drive command to open the battery coolant circuit is generated. When the plate temperature is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature threshold, a refrigerant circuit drive command is generated to open the battery coolant circuit 204 and the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205.

[0106] The control method for the thermal management system 2 provided in this application embodiment is executed by the controller 202 to control the thermal management system 2 of the above embodiment. As shown in FIG6, the flow of the control method begins at step S10.

[0107] Step S10: Collect the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40. The controller 202 collects the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 through a temperature sensor installed on the photovoltaic module 40.

[0108] Step S20: Controller 202 determines whether the plate temperature has reached the first preset temperature threshold.

[0109] In this step, the controller 202 compares the panel temperature collected in step S10 with a first preset temperature threshold. The first preset temperature threshold can be set to 50°C. The first preset temperature threshold represents the critical temperature point at which the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module 40 begins to decrease significantly due to the increase in temperature.

[0110] If the panel temperature is lower than the first preset temperature threshold, i.e., the panel temperature is below 50°C, it indicates that the photovoltaic module 40 is currently in a low temperature range, the photoelectric conversion efficiency is not significantly affected, and there is no need to start forced cooling. At this time, the control method proceeds to step S30.

[0111] Step S30: Both the first coolant circuit and the second coolant circuit are in the off state, and the thermal management system 2 remains in standby state.

[0112] In this state, the controller 202 does not generate coolant circuit drive commands, and both the first and second coolant circuits are in a shut-off state. No coolant flows within the liquid cooling plate 10, and the heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric generator 20 relies on natural convection for cooling. The first power supply circuit between the energy storage power supply unit 201 and the electrical equipment in the thermal management circuit 203 is in a shut-off state, and the second power supply circuit between the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1 and the electrical equipment in the thermal management circuit 203 is also in a shut-off state. Electrical equipment such as the electronic water pump and compressor in the thermal management circuit 203 are not operating.

[0113] During the execution of step S30, the process of monitoring the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 in step S10 is continuously executed.

[0114] If in step S20 it is determined that the panel temperature is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature threshold, that is, the panel temperature reaches or exceeds 50°C, it indicates that the temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 has risen to the point where forced cooling needs to be activated, and the control method proceeds to step S40.

[0115] Step S40: The controller 202 generates a power supply circuit drive command to turn on the first power supply circuit, and generates a refrigerant circuit drive command to turn on the battery coolant circuit 204.

[0116] The controller 202 generates a power supply circuit drive command to activate the first power supply circuit, enabling the energy storage power supply unit 201 to supply power to the electrical devices in the thermal management circuit 203, such as the electronic water pump in the battery coolant circuit 204. Simultaneously, the controller 202 generates a refrigerant circuit drive command to activate the battery coolant circuit 204, controlling the first switching valve to open and activating the first coolant circuit. The coolant, which has a lower temperature in the battery coolant circuit 204, flows into the flow chamber 10H of the liquid cooling plate 10 under the drive of the electronic water pump, carrying away heat from the heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric generator 20, and then flows back into the battery coolant circuit 204 to complete the cycle.

[0117] In this step, the driving power for the coolant comes from the energy storage power supply unit 201. Since the power generation of the thermoelectric generator 20 may not be sufficient to independently drive electrical equipment such as the electric water pump when the plate temperature is between 50°C and 60°C, the energy storage power supply unit 201 is used as the preferred power source to ensure that the cooling system can start reliably.

[0118] Step S50: Controller 202 determines whether the plate temperature has reached the second preset temperature threshold.

[0119] The controller 202 continues to monitor the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 and compares it with a second preset temperature threshold. The second preset temperature threshold is greater than the first preset temperature threshold and can be set to 60°C. The second preset temperature threshold represents the critical point at which the temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 further increases, the power generation of the thermoelectric generator 20 significantly increases, and the thermal management system 2 can switch to self-powered mode.

[0120] If the board surface temperature is still less than the second preset temperature threshold, that is, the board surface temperature is between 50°C and 60°C, the control method executes step S40 to maintain the current cooling mode and power supply mode, that is, to continue to conduct the first power supply circuit and keep the first coolant circuit conducting.

[0121] If the panel temperature is determined to be greater than or equal to the second preset temperature threshold in step S50, that is, the panel temperature reaches or exceeds 60°C, it indicates that the temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 has risen to a high level, the temperature difference between the two ends of the thermoelectric generator 20 increases, and the power generation is significantly improved. At this time, the control method enters step S60.

[0122] Step S60: The controller 202 generates a power supply circuit drive command to turn on the second power supply circuit, and generates a refrigerant circuit drive command to turn on the battery coolant circuit 204 and the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205.

[0123] The controller 202 generates a power supply circuit drive command to turn on the second power supply circuit, enabling the thermoelectric generator component 20 of the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device 1 to supply power to the electrical equipment in the thermal management circuit 203. At the same time, the first power supply circuit is turned off, and the energy storage power supply unit 201 stops supplying power to the electrical equipment in the thermal management circuit 203.

[0124] Simultaneously, the controller 202 generates a refrigerant circuit drive command to open the battery coolant circuit 204 and the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205. The refrigerant circuit drive command controls the first and second switching valves to open simultaneously, connecting both the battery coolant circuit 204 and the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205 to the liquid cooling plate 10. The coolant in the battery coolant circuit 204 flows into the liquid cooling plate 10 through the first coolant circuit, while the low-temperature refrigerant in the air conditioning heat exchange circuit 205 cools the coolant in the second coolant circuit via a plate heat exchanger before also flowing into the liquid cooling plate 10. Both coolants work together to cool the heat dissipation end of the thermoelectric generator 20, enhancing the heat dissipation effect.

[0125] In this step, the driving power for the coolant comes from the thermoelectric generator 20 in the on-board photovoltaic device 1, and the output power increases as the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40 rises. The system realizes a self-sustaining cooling cycle that uses electricity converted from photovoltaic waste heat to drive the heat dissipation equipment. If the power generation of the thermoelectric generator 20 is greater than the total power consumption of electrical equipment such as the electric water pump and compressor, the excess electrical energy can be used to charge the energy storage power supply unit 201 through the power converter.

[0126] In an optional embodiment, the control method further includes: Acquire ambient temperature parameters; for example, controller 202 continuously acquires ambient temperature parameters through an external temperature sensor of the vehicle.

[0127] When the ambient temperature parameter is less than or equal to the third preset temperature threshold, a power supply circuit drive command is generated to turn on the first power supply circuit, and a refrigerant circuit drive command is generated to turn on the battery coolant circuit 204, so that the heat of the battery coolant circuit 204 is conducted to the liquid cooling plate 10, wherein the third preset temperature threshold is less than the first preset temperature threshold.

[0128] In this embodiment, the controller 202 compares the collected ambient temperature parameters with a third preset temperature threshold. The third preset temperature threshold indicates that the ambient temperature has dropped to a critical point that may cause snow or ice to accumulate on the surface of the photovoltaic module 40.

[0129] If the ambient temperature parameter is greater than the third preset temperature threshold, the ambient temperature will continue to be monitored, and the snow removal and de-icing mode will not be triggered.

[0130] If the ambient temperature parameter is less than or equal to the third preset temperature threshold, i.e., the ambient temperature drops to 0°C or below, the controller 202 generates a power supply circuit drive command to activate the first power supply circuit, enabling the energy storage power supply unit 201 to supply power to the electronic water pump in the battery coolant circuit 204. Simultaneously, the controller 202 generates a refrigerant circuit drive command to activate the battery coolant circuit 204. This command differs from the command in the aforementioned cooling mode. In the snow and ice removal mode, the controller 202 controls the switching valve to switch to another operating state, allowing the high-temperature coolant heated by the battery charging and discharging process in the battery coolant circuit 204 to flow into the liquid cooling plate 10. Heat is transferred to the surface of the photovoltaic module 40 through the liquid cooling plate 10, the thermoelectric generator component 20, and the thermal interface layer 30, melting the accumulated snow or ice.

[0131] In this mode, the function of the liquid cooling plate 10 changes from heat dissipation to heating. The temperature of the coolant in the battery coolant circuit 204 can typically reach 25°C to 40°C, which is sufficient to melt snow and thin ice on the surface of the photovoltaic module 40. This snow and ice removal mode utilizes the waste heat generated when the vehicle battery is operating, eliminating the need for an additional electric heating device.

[0132] If the ambient temperature rises above 0°C, the control method will stop the snow and ice removal mode. Once the snow or ice on the surface of the photovoltaic module 40 has been cleared, the control method will stop the snow and ice removal mode.

[0133] Through the control process, the control method of this embodiment can start different coolant circuit combinations and power supply modes according to the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module 40. Under high temperature conditions, the power generated by the thermoelectric generator 20 itself is used to power the heat dissipation equipment. Under low temperature conditions, the waste heat of the battery is used for snow removal and de-icing, so that the vehicle photovoltaic system can maintain normal operation in both winter and summer.

[0134] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device, characterized in that, Applied to vehicles, it includes a liquid cooling plate, a thermoelectric power generation component, a thermal interface layer, and a photovoltaic component that are sequentially stacked from the surface of the vehicle body in a first outward direction; The thermally conductive interface layer is provided with a micro-nano texture, which is configured to guide the heat generated by the photovoltaic module to the heat-absorbing end of the thermoelectric power generation module. The thermoelectric power generation component is used to convert the heat conducted to the heat-absorbing end into electrical energy, including a heat-absorbing end near the heat-conducting interface layer and a heat-dissipating end near the liquid cooling plate. The liquid cooling plate is located on the side of the heat dissipation end close to the surface of the vehicle body. A flow cavity for the flow of coolant is formed inside the liquid cooling plate, and a turbulence structure is provided inside the flow cavity.

2. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermally conductive interface layer includes a first surface that adheres to the photovoltaic module and a second surface that adheres to the thermoelectric power generation module. The micro / nano texture includes thermally conductive grooves arranged perpendicular to the stacking direction, wherein the width of the grooves near the first surface is greater than the width of the grooves near the second surface. A raised heat-conducting ridge is formed between adjacent heat-conducting grooves.

3. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid cooling plate includes at least one liquid inlet and at least one liquid outlet, which are located on opposite surfaces of the liquid cooling plate. The liquid cooling plate also includes a third surface near the thermoelectric generator and a fourth surface near the vehicle body surface; The turbulence structure includes at least one turbulence column arranged along the flow direction from the inlet to the outlet. The turbulence column extends from the fourth surface toward the third surface.

4. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The density of the turbulence-inducing columns gradually increases along the second direction, which is the flow direction from the inlet to the outlet.

5. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The liquid cooling plate includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall perpendicular to the third surface, and the first sidewall and the second sidewall are disposed opposite to each other. The liquid inlet is opened on the first side wall and is located at the gap between adjacent turbulence columns on the side close to the liquid inlet. The liquid outlet is located on the second side wall and in the gap between adjacent turbulence columns near the liquid outlet.

6. The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device also includes a heat insulation layer located between the liquid cooling plate and the vehicle body surface, which is used to block the heat of the liquid cooling plate from being transferred from the vehicle body surface to the vehicle body interior.

7. A thermal management system, characterized in that, Applied to vehicles, the vehicle thermal management system includes: at least one thermal management loop, an energy storage power supply unit, an on-board photovoltaic device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and a controller. The energy storage power supply unit and the vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device form an energy storage circuit for collecting and storing the electrical energy of at least one of the photovoltaic module and the thermoelectric power generation module. The energy storage power supply unit, the controller, and the thermal management circuit are sequentially electrically connected to form a first power supply circuit; The vehicle-mounted photovoltaic device, the controller, and the thermal management circuit are sequentially electrically connected to form a second power supply circuit; The controller is used to generate power supply circuit drive commands based on the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module to turn on the first power supply circuit or the second power supply circuit.

8. The thermal management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The energy storage circuit includes a photovoltaic waste heat energy storage circuit and a thermoelectric power generation energy storage circuit connected in parallel. The photovoltaic waste heat energy storage circuit is used to receive the electrical energy output by the photovoltaic module and store it in the energy storage power supply unit; The thermoelectric power generation and energy storage circuit is used to receive the electrical energy output by the thermoelectric power generation component and store it in the energy storage power supply unit.

9. The thermal management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal management system also includes an energy storage unit switch and a thermoelectric generator switch; The energy storage unit switch is connected in series between the controller and the energy storage power supply unit. The controller controls the conduction state of the first power supply circuit through the energy storage unit switch. The thermoelectric power generation switch is connected in series between the controller and the thermoelectric power generation component, and the controller controls the conduction state of the second power supply circuit through the thermoelectric power generation switch.

10. The thermal management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The thermal management circuit includes a battery coolant circuit and an air conditioning heat exchange circuit. At least a portion of the pipes in the battery coolant circuit forms a first coolant circuit with the liquid cooling plate, and at least a portion of the pipes in the air conditioning heat exchange circuit forms a second coolant circuit with the liquid cooling plate. The controller is also configured to generate a coolant circuit drive command based on the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module, so as to activate the first coolant circuit and / or the second coolant circuit.

11. The thermal management system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to generate a refrigerant circuit drive command to open the battery coolant circuit when the plate temperature is greater than or equal to a first preset temperature threshold and less than a second preset temperature threshold, and to generate a power supply circuit drive command to turn on the first power supply circuit based on the refrigerant circuit drive command.

12. The thermal management system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to generate a refrigerant circuit drive command to open the battery coolant circuit and the air conditioning heat exchange circuit when the plate temperature is greater than or equal to a second preset temperature threshold, and to generate a power supply circuit drive command to turn on the second power supply circuit based on the refrigerant circuit drive command.

13. The thermal management system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The controller is also used to acquire ambient temperature parameters, and when the ambient temperature parameters are less than or equal to a third preset temperature threshold, generate a refrigerant circuit drive command to open the battery coolant circuit so that the heat of the battery coolant circuit is conducted to the liquid cooling plate, and generate a power supply circuit drive command to open the first power supply circuit according to the refrigerant circuit drive command, wherein the third preset temperature threshold is less than the first preset temperature threshold.

14. A control method using the thermal management system according to any one of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that, The control method includes: Collect the surface temperature of the photovoltaic module; Based on the board surface temperature, a power supply circuit drive command is generated to turn on one of the first power supply circuits or the second power supply circuit. When the plate surface temperature is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature threshold and less than the second preset temperature threshold, the first power supply circuit is turned on. When the plate surface temperature is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature threshold, the second power supply circuit is turned on.

15. The control method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The thermal management circuit includes a battery coolant circuit and an air conditioning heat exchange circuit. At least a portion of the pipes in the battery coolant circuit forms a first coolant circuit with the liquid cooling plate, and at least a portion of the pipes in the air conditioning heat exchange circuit forms a second coolant circuit with the liquid cooling plate. The control method further includes: Based on the plate surface temperature, a coolant circuit drive command is generated to activate the first coolant circuit and / or the second coolant circuit. When the plate surface temperature is greater than or equal to the first preset temperature threshold and less than the second preset temperature threshold, a refrigerant circuit drive command to open the battery coolant circuit is generated. When the plate temperature is greater than or equal to the second preset temperature threshold, a refrigerant circuit drive command is generated to open the battery coolant circuit and the air conditioning heat exchange circuit.

16. The control method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The control method further includes: Obtain ambient temperature parameters; When the ambient temperature parameter is less than or equal to the third preset temperature threshold, a power supply circuit drive command is generated to turn on the first power supply circuit, and a refrigerant circuit drive command is generated to turn on the battery coolant circuit, so that the heat of the battery coolant circuit is conducted to the liquid cooling plate, wherein the third preset temperature threshold is less than the first preset temperature threshold.

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