Battery, vehicle, online adjustment system and method of battery power state

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of battery management, and provides a battery, a vehicle, an online adjustment system and method of battery power state, wherein the system comprises: an acquisition unit configured to acquire voltage drop rates of the battery at first and i-th full power use after entering any battery MAP power interval, i≥2; a calculation unit configured to calculate a power limitation coefficient based on the first and i-th voltage drop rates; and an adjustment unit configured to adjust a full power value at (i+1)-th full power use based on the power limitation coefficient until the next battery MAP power interval is entered or the voltage drop rate meets a preset condition. The system of the application allows the battery to operate close to the initial full power when the battery performance is still good, and when signs of performance degradation are detected, the full power value is reduced through the limitation coefficient, thereby effectively preventing battery over-discharge or accelerated aging caused by continuous overload, and prolonging the life of the battery in the peak power working state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of battery management technology, and specifically relates to an online adjustment system and method for batteries, vehicles, and battery power status. Background Technology

[0002] The peak power output capability (SOP) of a battery is a key indicator for measuring its short-term high-power output performance. In existing technologies, different power usage ranges are often defined using the battery's MAP (map of parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature), allowing the battery to operate at full power within a specific range. Within the power range of the battery MAP, multiple different battery SOCs (State of Charge) can generally correspond to a specific battery temperature range, and battery temperature and SOC can correspond to a full power value within that range.

[0003] However, the applicant discovered that even within the same MAP power range, battery performance can degrade after repeated full-power use. This degradation is reflected in changes in output voltage. Existing technologies often estimate the battery's usable power based on fixed MAP data, such as direct lookup table methods or power pooling methods, failing to dynamically adjust the allowable power limit according to the actual performance degradation of the battery within the current usage range. This may result in the battery's actual output capability decreasing after repeated full-power use; if control is still applied based on the initial full-power value, there is a risk of over-discharge or accelerated battery performance degradation. Conversely, lowering the power limit too early will affect the battery's power utilization rate, preventing the battery from fully utilizing its performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems in the background art, this invention proposes an online adjustment system and method for batteries, vehicles, and battery power states.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An online adjustment system for battery power state includes: The acquisition unit is used to acquire the voltage drop rate of the battery during the first and i-th full-power use after entering any battery MAP power range, where i≥2; The calculation unit is used to calculate the power limiting factor based on the first and i-th voltage drop rates; The adjustment unit is used to adjust the full power value during the (i+1)th full power use based on the power limit coefficient until the next battery MAP power range is entered or the voltage drop rate meets the preset conditions.

[0006] Furthermore, the constraint coefficients satisfy: λ = δ1 / δi ; In the formula, λ is a limiting coefficient, and λ∈[0.9,1]; δ1 is the voltage drop rate when the battery is used at full power for the first time; δ i The voltage drop rate is the rate at which the battery is used at full power for the i-th time.

[0007] Furthermore, the adjusted full power value satisfies: P limit =λP full ; In the formula, P limit This represents the adjusted full power value; λ is the limiting factor; P full This indicates the full power value corresponding to the battery's MAP power range.

[0008] Furthermore, the preset conditions are: δ i -δ1≤K, and the duration is greater than the preset time, where δ1 is the voltage drop rate when the battery is used at full power for the first time; δ i K represents the voltage drop rate during the i-th full-power use of the battery, where K is the set rate difference.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes: The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the real-time power value of the battery during battery operation; The judgment unit is used to calculate the difference between the real-time power value and the full power value. When the difference is within the set range, it is determined that the battery is in full power operation state.

[0010] Furthermore, the adjustment unit is equipped with a reset module. When entering the next battery MAP power range, or when the voltage drop rate meets the preset conditions, the reset module is used to reset the full power value to the full power value corresponding to the current battery MAP power range.

[0011] A method for online adjustment of battery power state includes the following steps: After entering any battery's MAP power range, obtain the voltage drop rate during the first and i-th full-power usage of the battery, where i≥2; Calculate the power limiting factor based on the first and i-th voltage drop rates; The full power value during the (i+1)th full power usage is adjusted based on the power limitation coefficient until the next battery MAP power range is entered or the voltage drop rate meets the preset conditions.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes the following steps: Collect the battery's real-time power value during battery operation; Calculate the difference between the real-time power value and the full power value. When the difference is within the set range, it is determined that the battery is in full-power operation.

[0013] A battery that integrates the aforementioned online power state adjustment system.

[0014] A vehicle is equipped with one of the aforementioned batteries.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The system of the present invention allows the battery to operate close to its initial full power when the battery performance is still good, so as to make full use of its capacity; when signs of performance degradation are detected, the full power value is reduced by a limiting factor, thereby effectively preventing battery over-discharge or accelerated aging caused by continuous overload, extending the battery life under peak power operation, and improving the safety and reliability of power management. 2. By setting up the acquisition unit and the judgment unit, this invention can identify when the battery is in full-power operation, ensuring the accuracy of voltage drop rate data acquisition and the effectiveness of adjustment timing; in addition, the reset module can reset the power limit when the battery enters a new operating range or when the performance tends to stabilize, ensuring the system's ability to quickly adapt to new ranges or new states, and avoiding interference from historical adjustment data to subsequent management. 3. This invention uses the rate of voltage drop of the battery to evaluate the battery's operating condition. It does not require a large amount of experimental data or pre-written software. It can dynamically adjust the operation based on the actual operating conditions, which is simple. As a supplement to the SOP power limiting scheme, it will not cause safety problems. If this correction is triggered, the full power value will be reduced, thereby protecting the battery.

[0016] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description and the drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 A framework diagram of an online adjustment system for battery power state according to the present invention is shown; Figure 2 A flowchart of an online adjustment method for battery power state according to the present invention is shown; Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the limitation of the full power value of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment of the invention provides an online adjustment system for battery power state, which includes an acquisition unit, a calculation unit, and an adjustment unit. The acquisition unit can acquire the voltage drop rate during the first and i-th full-power usage of the battery after entering any battery MAP power range, where i ≥ 2. The calculation unit can calculate a power limiting coefficient based on the first and i-th voltage drop rates. The adjustment unit can adjust the full-power value during the (i+1)-th full-power usage based on the power limiting coefficient until the next battery MAP power range is entered or the voltage drop rate meets a preset condition.

[0021] It should be noted that the above system implements online closed-loop feedback adjustment of SOP based on the battery's current actual performance state, making the battery's peak power management no longer static and based on a fixed model, but dynamic and responsive. When the battery performance is good, it is allowed to operate close to the initial full power; when signs of performance degradation are detected, the power limit is adaptively reduced, thereby effectively preventing battery over-discharge or accelerated aging caused by continuous overload.

[0022] It should be further explained that the above system combines the parameter table with the actual operating conditions to dynamically adjust the peak power of the battery. The cell parameters are laboratory data and there will be deviations in actual applications. This solution can prevent over-power use. In addition, the above system uses the voltage drop rate at full power in each peak power range to dynamically evaluate the polarization characteristics of the lithium battery. In the same power range, the voltage drop rate will not fluctuate significantly under full power use. If there is a large fluctuation, it is considered that the battery is being overused.

[0023] Furthermore, the full-power values ​​corresponding to the battery's MAP power range can be obtained by looking up a table, as follows: Table 1 Battery MAP Power Range Table

[0024] Taking the temperature range [T0, T1) in Table 1 as an example, if the battery charge is SOC2 at this time, then its corresponding full power value is P. 03 .

[0025] Taking electric vehicles as an example, when an electric vehicle is driving on a long uphill section and enters a specific battery MAP power range, the driver repeatedly presses the accelerator pedal to request full power output. The acquisition unit records the voltage drop rate at the first full-power acceleration as a baseline, and acquires the current voltage drop rate at the i-th acceleration. If the current rate is found to be significantly greater than the baseline rate at the first acceleration, it indicates that the internal polarization of the battery has intensified and its performance has degraded. The calculation unit then calculates a power limit coefficient less than 1, and the adjustment unit adjusts the allowed full power output value at the (i+1)-th acceleration accordingly. This ensures that the vehicle still has enough power to climb the hill, while avoiding thermal runaway or a sudden reduction in battery life due to continuous extreme overload, achieving a dynamic balance between safety and power performance.

[0026] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the restriction factor is as follows: λ = δ1 / δ i ; In the formula, λ is a limiting coefficient, and λ∈[0.9,1]; δ1 is the voltage drop rate when the battery is used at full power for the first time; δ i The voltage drop rate is the rate at which the battery is used at full power for the i-th time.

[0027] It should be noted that the adjustment coefficient λ needs to be limited. If the ratio is abnormally large, directly limiting the peak power may cause the vehicle's power to be limited. Therefore, the range of λ is limited to [0.9,1].

[0028] Furthermore, the adjusted formula for calculating the full power value is as follows: P limit =λP full ; In the formula, P limit This represents the adjusted full power value; λ is the limiting factor; P full This indicates the full power value corresponding to the battery's MAP power range, and its value can be obtained by looking up a table.

[0029] Furthermore, δ i -δ1≤K, and the duration is greater than a preset time. In this embodiment, this condition is used to determine whether the battery performance degradation has recovered or stabilized, that is, whether the current voltage drop rate has returned to its initial healthy state. Preferably, the preset time can be set to 5 minutes.

[0030] Furthermore, the system also includes a data acquisition unit and a judgment unit. The data acquisition unit can acquire the real-time power value of the battery during battery operation. The judgment unit can calculate the difference between the real-time power value and the full power value. When the difference is within a set range, it is determined that the battery is in full power operation.

[0031] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, by comparing the actual output power with the theoretical upper limit in real time, the moment when the battery is truly operating at full load can be determined, thereby providing an accurate trigger signal for the acquisition unit. As a specific implementation method, this setting range is usually a small threshold range, such as allowing the difference to be less than 0.5kW or 1kW. Only when the actual requested power or output power falls into this range does the system recognize that it is currently in a full-power stress state, and then initiate the calculation of the voltage drop rate, avoiding interference from invalid data under non-full-power conditions.

[0032] Furthermore, the adjustment unit is also equipped with a reset module. When entering the next battery MAP power range, or when the voltage drop rate meets the preset conditions, the reset module can reset the full power value to the full power value corresponding to the current battery MAP power range.

[0033] It should be noted that the reset module is responsible for clearing historically accumulated adjustment coefficients during operating condition switching or performance recovery, allowing the system to return to its initial MAP reference state. When changes in battery temperature or SOC cause the system to cross into another MAP power range, the battery's physical characteristic reference has changed. At this time, the reset module will immediately restore the limit coefficient to 1 and re-record the first voltage drop rate in the new range, thereby initiating a new round of online closed-loop adjustment.

[0034] In summary, this application achieves adaptive online management of battery peak power. It fully utilizes the battery's capabilities when performance is at its best, and adaptively reduces power limits when signs of performance degradation are detected. This effectively prevents battery over-discharge or accelerated aging caused by continuous overload, significantly extends battery life under peak power operating conditions, and comprehensively improves the safety and reliability of power management.

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, this embodiment of the invention also provides an online adjustment method for battery power state, specifically including the following steps: S1: After entering any battery's MAP power range, obtain the voltage drop rate during the first and i-th full-power usage of the battery, where i≥2.

[0036] S2: Calculate the power limiting factor based on the first and i-th voltage drop rates.

[0037] S3: Adjust the full power value during the (i+1)th full power use based on the power limit coefficient until the next battery MAP power range is entered or the voltage drop rate meets the preset conditions.

[0038] Furthermore, the method also includes the following steps: The battery's real-time power value is collected during operation, and then the difference between the real-time power value and the full power value is calculated. When the difference is within the set range, the battery is determined to be in full-power operation.

[0039] It should be noted that this step ensures that the acquired voltage drop rate data is generated only under real full-power stress, thus improving the overall data accuracy and adjustment effectiveness of the method.

[0040] In some specific implementations, the above method is implemented as follows: 1) Combining Figure 3 It can be seen that when the battery's allowable peak power (full power) changes, a voltage drop rate calculation is initiated. Once the actual operating conditions meet the full peak power requirement, the voltage drop rate δ1 is recorded. The voltage drop rate is calculated as δ1 = ΔV / Δt. Full power operation typically uses 5s or 10s, with Δt based on the actual SOP parameter table (5s or 10s). Here, it's necessary to determine if the battery is operating at full power. If the full power in this peak power range is P... full Given the real-time power Pr, determine |P full If Pr|<0.5kW (adjust according to actual conditions), it is considered to be operating at full power.

[0041] There are several ways to calculate the voltage drop rate. One method is to select the cell with the lowest voltage to calculate the drop rate (e.g., ...). Figure 3 Alternatively, you can calculate the rate of decay of multiple individual cells simultaneously and then select the lowest rate, or you can consider averaging the rate of decay of multiple individual cells in the entire battery cell.

[0042] 2) After the discharge power recovers from the continuous power Pc to full power, if the actual power reaches full power for the second time, the calculated voltage drop rate within Δt time is δ2. If the full power usage time does not reach Δt time, the calculation is cancelled, and the system waits for the next full power usage.

[0043] 3) If, during the second full-power operation, the voltage drop rate δ2-δ1>K, it indicates a significantly accelerated voltage drop rate, and only then is an adjustment to the full-power value permitted. If the full-power value corresponding to the third full-power operation needs adjustment, multiply the corresponding full-power value by the limiting coefficient. If the full-power value corresponding to the third full-power operation does not need adjustment (λ=1), then the full-power value is selected according to the interval corresponding to Table 1.

[0044] 4) If the third full-power value has been limited, then start continuously judging the voltage drop rate δ during each full-power value usage. i Determine δ i If -δ1≤K holds true, and no excessively rapid voltage drop occurs for 5 minutes (determined based on cell polarization recovery characteristics), then the full power value after 5 minutes of peak power usage is restored to the full power value obtained from the table. If an excessively rapid voltage drop occurs again within 5 minutes, the timer is restarted. If the full power value during the third full-power operation is not limited, the subsequent voltage drop rate is assessed, and δ1 is determined. i If -δ1>K is true, then the full power value will continue to be limited during the next full power operation.

[0045] 5) After entering the next battery MAP power range, that is, the battery enters the next SOC range or temperature range, the full power value in the table changes. At this time, it is necessary to recalculate the voltage drop rate of the first full power usage state in this range, and the power that has been limited will be restored immediately.

[0046] This invention also provides a battery that integrates the aforementioned online power state adjustment system. Specifically, the battery in this embodiment can be a common lithium battery such as a lithium iron phosphate battery or a ternary lithium battery, and can be a single power battery cell, a power battery module, or a power battery pack, adaptable to energy storage in new energy vehicles and power output scenarios in other vehicles.

[0047] It should be noted that the other hardware structures, assembly structures, cell materials and conventional control logic of the battery in this embodiment can all adopt existing mature technologies. This embodiment does not make specific limitations, but only realizes intelligent dynamic control of battery power status by integrating the SOP online adjustment system of this invention.

[0048] This invention also provides a vehicle equipped with the aforementioned battery, which may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or other new energy motor vehicle.

[0049] It should be noted that the vehicle in this embodiment, equipped with a power battery that integrates an online SOP adjustment system, can adjust the SOP value in real time based on the voltage change rate under high-power conditions such as rapid acceleration, continuous hill climbing, and high-speed driving, thus outputting power matching the vehicle's operating conditions. Compared to traditional vehicles that use a fixed MAP rated power, this vehicle can effectively adapt to the performance degradation state of the battery after continuous full-power operation, eliminating problems such as insufficient power output, abnormal voltage, and system false protection caused by instantaneous battery performance deterioration.

[0050] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An online adjustment system for battery power state, characterized in that, include: The acquisition unit is used to acquire the voltage drop rate of the battery during the first and i-th full-power use after entering any battery MAP power range, where i≥2; The calculation unit is used to calculate the power limiting factor based on the first and i-th voltage drop rates; The adjustment unit is used to adjust the full power value during the (i+1)th full power use based on the power limit coefficient until the next battery MAP power range is entered or the voltage drop rate meets the preset conditions.

2. The online adjustment system for battery power state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting coefficients satisfy: λ = δ1 / δ i ; In the formula, λ is a limiting coefficient, and λ∈[0.9,1]; δ1 is the voltage drop rate when the battery is used at full power for the first time; δ i The voltage drop rate is the rate at which the battery is used at full power for the i-th time.

3. The online adjustment system for battery power state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjusted full power value satisfies: P limit =λP full ; In the formula, P limit This represents the adjusted full power value; λ is the limiting factor; P full This indicates the full power value corresponding to the battery's MAP power range.

4. The online adjustment system for battery power state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset conditions are: δ i -δ1≤K, and the duration is greater than the preset time, where δ1 is the voltage drop rate when the battery is used at full power for the first time; δ i K represents the voltage drop rate during the i-th full-power use of the battery, where K is the set rate difference.

5. The online adjustment system for battery power state according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The data acquisition unit is used to acquire the real-time power value of the battery during battery operation; The judgment unit is used to calculate the difference between the real-time power value and the full power value. When the difference is within a set range, it is determined that the battery is in full power operation state.

6. The online adjustment system for battery power state according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment unit is equipped with a reset module. When entering the next battery MAP power range, or when the voltage drop rate meets the preset conditions, the reset module is used to reset the full power value to the full power value corresponding to the current battery MAP power range.

7. A method for online adjustment of battery power state, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After entering any battery's MAP power range, obtain the voltage drop rate during the first and i-th full-power usage of the battery, where i≥2; Calculate the power limiting factor based on the first and i-th voltage drop rates; The full power value during the (i+1)th full power usage is adjusted based on the power limitation coefficient until the next battery MAP power range is entered or the voltage drop rate meets the preset conditions.

8. The method for online adjustment of battery power state according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: Collect the battery's real-time power value during battery operation; Calculate the difference between the real-time power value and the full power value. When the difference is within a set range, determine that the battery is in full-power operation.

9. A battery, characterized in that, An online adjustment system for battery power state is integrated according to any one of claims 1-6.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, It is equipped with a battery as described in claim 9.

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