Self-powered intelligent ocean buoy based on multi-source energy collaborative capture

Abstract

The application is a self-powered intelligent marine buoy based on multi-source energy cooperative capture, comprising a buoy main shaft structure, a wave motion conversion cabin, a mechanical energy storage flywheel, an energy management unit, an electromagnetic induction and piezoelectric beam energy capture cabin, a wind-solar energy capture structure and a shell. The wind energy mechanism and the solar cell panel capture wind and light energy respectively, and the oscillating float reversing gear set drives the conversion cabin to capture wave energy; the electromagnetic induction and piezoelectric beam module converts mechanical energy, and the full-wave rectification, super capacitor energy storage and flywheel adjustment stabilize power supply. Advantages: (1) multi-source complementary energy capture, improving power supply stability; (2) electromagnetic piezoelectric cooperative conversion, improving mechanical energy utilization; (3) rectification energy storage and flywheel adjustment, stabilizing non-steady-state power; (4) high-density polyethylene structural parts and surface-strengthened high-performance alloy steel transmission parts give consideration to corrosion resistance, strength and lightweight. It supports Beidou satellite communication and is suitable for marine communication, environmental monitoring and sensing, reducing external power supply and manual maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a self-powered intelligent marine buoy based on multi-source energy harvesting. It achieves environmental energy harvesting through a wind energy harvesting mechanism, a wave energy conversion mechanism, and a solar panel assembly, and completes energy conversion by combining electromagnetic induction and piezoelectric energy harvesting mechanisms. It manages and stores multi-source electrical energy through a rectifier energy storage circuit and a supercapacitor energy storage unit, providing continuous self-powering capability for marine monitoring equipment. This enables the buoy to achieve low power consumption and autonomous continuous energy supply, and is suitable for fields such as marine communication, environmental monitoring, and information acquisition. Background Technology

[0002] Distributed ocean buoys are an important component of a three-dimensional ocean observation system, enabling continuous acquisition and collaborative observation of marine environmental information, and improving the coverage and data reliability of ocean observation networks. With the development of ocean observation technologies towards networking, autonomy, and intelligence, distributed ocean buoys have become an important development direction for building efficient ocean observation systems.

[0003] Energy supply is a critical issue for marine communication buoys during operation, especially given the high energy demands for atmospheric, air-sea flux, and water body observations under high sea states. Traditional solutions rely mainly on batteries, shore-based power, or periodic power replacements to maintain operation. However, these solutions are limited by battery capacity, sea conditions, and maintenance cycles, leading to problems such as insufficient power supply for extended periods, high maintenance costs, and limited continuous communication capabilities during long-term deployments.

[0004] Currently, marine communication buoys are gradually incorporating self-powered modules such as solar, wave, or wind power to enhance their long-term operational capabilities at sea. Solar power directly converts solar radiation into electricity through photovoltaic modules, making it the most widely used buoy power supply method. Wave power typically achieves energy conversion through the relative motion of the buoy driving mechanical structures or power generation mechanisms, continuously capturing wave energy from the marine environment. Wind power, on the other hand, uses wind-driven power generation devices to effectively supplement offshore power needs. With the increasing demand for long-term marine observation and long-range communication, reducing reliance on external power supply and manual maintenance, and utilizing composite environmental energy sources to enhance the buoy's autonomous power supply capability, has become an important development direction for marine monitoring equipment.

[0005] Existing marine self-powered buoys mostly adopt single or weakly coupled energy capture methods. The energy source is significantly affected by day and night, weather and sea conditions. Furthermore, they lack the ability to convert, rectify and store unsteady input energy such as waves and wind, which limits the continuity of power supply and system stability, making it difficult to meet the long-term and low-cost maintenance and operation requirements of marine in-situ monitoring buoys. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a composite multi-source energy-capturing self-powered marine buoy. This buoy achieves multi-source environmental energy capture through a wind energy capture mechanism, a wave energy conversion mechanism, and a solar panel assembly, realizing comprehensive and optimized energy utilization and ensuring the buoy system's ultra-long standby time. Its internal structure is shown in the attached diagram. Figure 1 The buoy employs an energy-harvesting chamber structure to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, and manages and stores electrical energy through rectifier energy storage circuits and supercapacitor energy storage units, constructing a multi-source complementary self-powered system to improve the buoy's power supply continuity, operational stability, and environmental adaptability during long-term offshore deployment.

[0007] The wave energy conversion mechanism consists of an oscillating float, a spur gear and rack mechanism, a reversing gear shaft, and a reversing bevel gear set, as shown in the appendix. Figure 2 The rack is rigidly fixed to the oscillating float and meshes with the spur gear. When the float oscillates up and down under the action of waves, it drives the spur gear and the reversing gear shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the reversing bevel gear set to move. The left and right bevel gears are equipped with one-way bearings, which can convert the bidirectional rotation into unidirectional continuous rotation of the wave energy capture main shaft and the lower plate of the energy capture chamber, realizing the effective transmission and conversion of wave mechanical energy.

[0008] The wind energy harvesting structure consists of a top wind cup assembly and a wind cup support arm, see appendix. Figure 3 The wind cups rotate with the wind field, driving the wind energy harvesting main shaft and the upper plate of the harvesting cabin to rotate, thus achieving effective wind energy harvesting and conversion.

[0009] The energy harvesting capsule structure consists of upper and lower discs, a relatively sliding shell, disc assemblies, piezoelectric beams, magnets, and coils, as shown in the appendix. Figure 4 The upper and lower plates are connected to the wind energy harvesting main shaft and the wave energy harvesting main shaft, respectively. The relative motion of the two main shafts drives the magnets and coils inside the energy harvesting chamber to generate relative displacement, thus achieving electromagnetic induction power generation. One end of the piezoelectric beam is fixed to the upper plate, with piezoelectric plates installed on the beam and magnets installed at the free end. Opposite magnetic poles are installed at corresponding positions on the lower plate. The magnetic field excites the piezoelectric beam to generate periodic vibrations and output piezoelectric current, thereby achieving synergistic energy harvesting through electromagnetic induction and piezoelectric effect, improving the efficiency of mechanical energy utilization.

[0010] The main shaft structure of the buoy serves as the support and connection component for the entire unit, primarily comprising the wind energy harvesting main shaft and the wave energy harvesting main shaft. The wave energy harvesting main shaft connects the bottom oscillating buoy and wave energy conversion mechanism, mechanical energy storage flywheel, and energy storage chamber; the wind energy harvesting main shaft connects the top wind energy harvesting structure and solar panels, providing power input to each energy harvesting module and maintaining the rigid support of the overall buoy structure.

[0011] The wave motion conversion chamber includes a pair of symmetrically arranged spur gear rack mechanisms, a reversing gear shaft, a reversing bevel gear set, and an internal one-way bearing. The reciprocating motion of the oscillating float is transmitted to the wave energy capture main shaft via the rack and pinion mechanism and the reversing bevel gear set. The one-way bearing converts the bidirectional motion into unidirectional continuous rotation, achieving a stable output of wave energy.

[0012] A mechanical energy storage flywheel mechanism is mounted on the wave energy harvesting main shaft. It utilizes inertia to maintain the continuous and stable rotation of the wave energy harvesting main shaft, thereby improving the smoothness of the wave mechanical energy input.

[0013] The energy management unit includes a full-wave rectifier circuit and a supercapacitor energy storage unit. The full-wave rectifier circuit converts the AC power generated by energy harvesting into DC power, and the electrical energy is stored in the supercapacitor, realizing the management and stable output of multi-source power.

[0014] The electromagnetic induction energy harvesting chamber includes upper and lower plates, a relatively sliding shell, and a disc assembly fixed thereon. The upper plate is rigidly connected to a wind energy harvesting main shaft, and the lower plate is rigidly connected to a wave energy harvesting main shaft. Magnets and coils are arranged opposite each other on the disc assembly, maintaining a preset distance. Induced current is generated by the relative rotation between the upper and lower plates, realizing the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0015] The piezoelectric beam energy trapping chamber consists of four piezoelectric beams and corresponding magnet assemblies. One end of each piezoelectric beam is rigidly fixed to the upper plate of the energy trapping chamber. Several piezoelectric plates are installed on the beam, and magnets are installed at the free ends. Opposite magnet poles are installed at corresponding positions on the lower plate. When the upper and lower plates rotate relative to each other, the magnetic field causes the piezoelectric beams to undergo periodic bending deformation and output piezoelectric current.

[0016] The solar energy harvesting structure includes a top solar panel. The solar panel is mounted on the top shell of the buoy to capture solar energy and provide auxiliary power to the buoy.

[0017] The buoy's outer shell structure connects to each functional compartment, providing support and protection for the internal mechanical structure, electrical components, and energy harvesting unit, ensuring the stability, airtightness, and environmental adaptability of the overall buoy structure.

[0018] Features and advantages of the present invention

[0019] Multi-source energy composite self-powered: The buoy captures energy from multiple sources through a wind energy harvesting mechanism, a wave energy conversion mechanism, and solar panel components. It combines an electromagnetic induction energy harvesting module and a piezoelectric beam energy harvesting module to complete the coordinated conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. It also manages and stores electrical energy through a rectifier energy storage circuit and a supercapacitor energy storage unit, providing continuous self-powered capability for monitoring and communication equipment and reducing dependence on external power supply and manual maintenance.

[0020] High energy conversion efficiency: The combination of wave motion conversion chamber and inertial flywheel enables the wave energy capture main shaft to achieve unidirectional continuous rotation, stabilizing the transfer of mechanical energy; the dual mechanism of electromagnetic induction and piezoelectric energy capture module works together to make the process of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy efficient and reliable, improving the power supply stability of the buoy in complex sea conditions.

[0021] Strong environmental adaptability: The main structure of the buoy is made of high-density polyethylene and reinforced alloy steel transmission components, and the outer shell protects the internal modules from the marine environment; the wind-solar energy harvesting module and multi-source energy harvesting design ensure that the buoy can generate its own power during day and night, wind and wave changes and different sea conditions, enhancing its adaptability to long-term deployment.

[0022] Lightweight and reliable structure: The main body of the buoy and the functional compartments are rationally arranged. The upper and lower plates, shell, energy harvesting module and outer shell structure form a rigid-flexible coupling system. While ensuring strength and stability, the weight is reduced, the energy utilization efficiency and system reliability are improved, and it is suitable for long-term in-situ ocean monitoring missions. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this invention and to enable those skilled in the art to better understand this self-powered in-situ monitoring buoy, a brief introduction and explanation of the key components and their combinations are provided below. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-source energy capture ocean monitoring buoy based on wind, wave, and light sources according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a wave energy conversion mechanism according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a wind energy harvesting mechanism according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-source energy harvesting cabin structure according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic energy trapping chamber structure according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric energy harvesting structure according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of the intelligent self-powered buoy of the present invention in three-dimensional marine monitoring.

[0031] Component symbol explanation:

[0032] 101 …… Buoy top hatch 102 …… Buoy outer shell structure

[0033] 103 ...Wave Energy Capture Main Axis 104 ...Energy Management Unit

[0034] 105 ...Wave energy conversion mechanism 106 ...T-shaped slider

[0035] 107 ……Oscillating float 108 ……T-shaped groove

[0036] 109 ...Mechanical energy storage flywheel 110 ...Conductive slip ring

[0037] 111 ... Multi-source energy harvesting module 112 ... Wind energy harvesting mechanism

[0038] 113 ... GPS positioning module 114 ... Communication antenna

[0039] 201 ... Compartment mounting plate 202 ... Bearing housing structure

[0040] 203 ... spur gear; 204 ... reversing gear shaft

[0041] 205 ... Right-side one-way bearing 206 ... Straight rack

[0042] 207 ...Reversing bevel gear set 208 ...Left side one-way bearing

[0043] 301 ... Air cup mounting flange 302 ... Air cup support arm

[0044] 303 ... Wind energy capture main shaft 304 ... Wind energy capture main shaft flange

[0045] 305 ... Wind Cup

[0046] 401 ... Upper plate of the energy harvesting module; 402 ... Electromagnetic energy harvesting module

[0047] 403 ...Energy Harvesting Cabin Lower Plate 404 ...Wave Energy Harvesting Main Shaft Flange

[0048] 405 ... Magnets under piezoelectric energy harvesting 406 ... Structures of piezoelectric energy harvesting

[0049] 501 ... Upper shell of the electromagnetic energy harvesting chamber; 502 ... Lower shell of the electromagnetic energy harvesting chamber.

[0050] 503 ... Electromagnetic energy harvesting mounting plate; 504 ... Electromagnetic energy harvester

[0051] 505 ... Electromagnetic energy harvesting permanent magnet; 506 ... Electromagnetic energy harvesting upper mounting plate.

[0052] 601 ... Cantilever beam fixed base 602 ... Cantilever beam

[0053] 603 ... Piezoelectric energy-harvesting magnets 604 ... Piezoelectric ceramics

[0054] 701 ... Intelligent self-powered buoy; 702 ... Passing vessels.

[0055] 703... Underwater glider; 704... Underwater unmanned submersible.

[0056] 705 ... Ground base station 706 ... Space-based satellite Detailed Implementation Plan

[0057] The technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and thoroughly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making innovative achievements are within the protection scope of this invention.

[0058] Implementation Scheme 1 (Wave Energy Capture Module)

[0059] like Figure 2 The diagram shows a three-dimensional structural schematic of the wave energy harvesting module of the present invention. The module includes: a bearing housing structure 202, a spur gear 203, a reversing gear shaft 204, a right-side one-way bearing 205, a spur rack 206, a reversing bevel gear set 207, and a left-side one-way bearing 208. This module utilizes the up-and-down oscillation motion of an oscillating float under the action of waves, and the reversing gear set converts this up-and-down oscillation motion into unidirectional rotation of the main shaft, thereby realizing the conversion of wave mechanical energy.

[0060] The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0061] The rack 206 is rigidly fixed to the oscillating float 107, so that it meshes with the spur gear 203 and is driven by the reversing gear shaft 204; the bearing housing structure 202 is rigidly fixed to the compartment mounting plate 201, and the rack 206 can freely pass through the opening of the mounting plate.

[0062] When the oscillating float 107 rises under the action of waves, the spur gear 203 rotates clockwise, driving the reversing gear shaft 204 to rotate clockwise. The left one-way bearing 208 engages, and the right one-way bearing 205 disengages. The reversing bevel gear set 207 transmits the one-way counterclockwise rotation to the main shaft. When the oscillating float 107 falls under the action of waves, the spur gear 203 rotates counterclockwise, driving the reversing gear shaft 204 to rotate counterclockwise. The left one-way bearing 208 disengages, and the right one-way bearing 205 engages. The reversing bevel gear set 207 transmits the one-way counterclockwise rotation to the main shaft.

[0063] A mechanical energy storage flywheel 109 is installed on the wave energy capture spindle 103 to stabilize the counterclockwise rotation of the input spindle of the reversing bevel gear set 207, ensuring continuous and smooth output motion.

[0064] Implementation Scheme 2 (Wind Energy Capture Module)

[0065] like Figure 3 The diagram shows a three-dimensional structural schematic of the wind energy harvesting module. The system includes a wind cup mounting flange 301, a wind cup support arm 302, a wind energy harvesting main shaft 303, a wind energy harvesting main shaft flange 304, a wind cup 305, and an upper plate of the energy harvesting chamber 401. The wind cup collects wind energy omnidirectionally, driving the main shaft to rotate.

[0066] The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0067] One end of the wind cup support arm 302 is connected to the wind cup 305, and the other end is rigidly fixed to the wind cup mounting flange 301 and connected to the wind energy harvesting main shaft 303. The end of the wind energy harvesting main shaft 303 is rigidly connected to the upper plate 401 of the energy harvesting cabin through the wind energy harvesting main shaft flange 304.

[0068] The wind cup 305 rotates under the action of wind power, which drives the wind cup mounting flange 301 and the wind energy harvesting main shaft 303 to rotate clockwise, and drives the upper plate 401 of the energy harvesting chamber to rotate clockwise through the wind energy harvesting main shaft flange 304.

[0069] Implementation Scheme 3 (Multi-source Energy Harvesting Module)

[0070] like Figure 4 The diagram shows a three-dimensional structural schematic of the energy harvesting chamber module. The system consists of an upper energy harvesting chamber 401, an electromagnetic energy harvesting chamber 402, a lower energy harvesting chamber 403, a wave energy harvesting main shaft flange 404, a piezoelectric energy harvesting lower magnet 405, and a piezoelectric energy harvesting structure 406. Electrical energy output is achieved through the relative rotation between the upper and lower energy harvesting chambers.

[0071] The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0072] The upper plate 401 of the energy harvesting chamber is fixedly connected to the wind energy harvesting main shaft 303 via the wind energy harvesting main shaft flange 304. The lower plate 403 of the energy harvesting chamber is fixedly connected to the wave energy harvesting main shaft 103 via the wave energy harvesting main shaft flange 404. The electromagnetic energy harvesting chamber 402 is disposed between the upper plate 401 and the lower plate 403 of the energy harvesting chamber. One end of the piezoelectric energy harvesting structure 406 is fixed to the upper plate 401 of the energy harvesting chamber, and the other end is directly below the piezoelectric energy harvesting lower magnet 405.

[0073] Under the action of wind, the wind energy harvesting main shaft 303 and the wind energy harvesting main shaft flange 304 drive the upper plate 401 of the energy harvesting cabin and its fixing components to rotate clockwise; under the action of waves, the wave energy harvesting main shaft 103 and the wave energy harvesting main shaft flange 404 drive the lower plate 403 of the energy harvesting cabin and its fixing components to rotate counterclockwise.

[0074] Implementation Scheme 4 (Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting Module)

[0075] like Figure 5 The diagram shows a three-dimensional structural schematic of the electromagnetic energy harvesting chamber module. The system consists of an upper shell 501, a lower shell 502, a lower mounting plate 503, an electromagnetic energy harvester 504, an electromagnetic permanent magnet 505, and an upper mounting plate 506. Electrical energy output is achieved through the relative rotation between the upper and lower mounting plates of the electromagnetic energy harvesting chamber.

[0076] The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0077] The upper shell 501 of the electromagnetic energy trapping chamber is rigidly fixed to the upper plate 401 of the energy trapping chamber, and the upper electromagnetic energy trapping mounting plate 506 is fixed to the stepped structure inside the upper shell of the electromagnetic energy trapping chamber. The electromagnetic energy trapping permanent magnets 505 are arranged in a circular array on its surface. The lower shell 502 of the electromagnetic energy trapping chamber is rigidly fixed to the lower plate 403 of the energy trapping chamber, and the lower electromagnetic energy trapping mounting plate 503 is fixed to the stepped structure inside the lower shell. The electromagnetic energy trappers 504 are arranged in a circular array on its surface.

[0078] Under the influence of wind, the upper plate 401 of the energy harvesting cabin and the upper shell 501 of the electromagnetic energy harvesting cabin fixed thereon rotate clockwise, which in turn drives the upper mounting plate 506 of the electromagnetic energy harvesting cabin to rotate clockwise; under the influence of waves, the lower plate 403 of the energy harvesting cabin and the lower shell 502 of the electromagnetic energy harvesting cabin fixed thereon rotate counterclockwise, which in turn drives the lower mounting plate 503 of the electromagnetic energy harvesting cabin to rotate counterclockwise; the relative motion between the electromagnetic permanent magnet 505 and the electromagnetic energy harvester 504 generates electrical energy.

[0079] Implementation Scheme 5 (Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Module)

[0080] like Figure 6 The diagram shows a three-dimensional structural schematic of the piezoelectric module. The system consists of a cantilever beam fixed base 601, a cantilever beam 602, a piezoelectric energy-harvesting upper magnet 603, and a piezoelectric ceramic 604. Electrical energy is output by the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic driven by the oscillation of the cantilever beam.

[0081] The specific implementation steps are as follows:

[0082] One end of the cantilever beam 602 is rigidly fixed to the upper plate 401 of the energy harvesting chamber via the cantilever beam fixing base 601. The piezoelectric ceramic sheet 604 is disposed on the surface of the cantilever beam 602, and the piezoelectric energy harvesting magnet 603 is fixed to the other end of the cantilever beam 602.

[0083] Under the action of wind, the upper plate 401 of the energy harvesting chamber rotates clockwise; under the action of waves, the lower plate 403 of the energy harvesting chamber rotates counterclockwise. The cantilever beam 602 bends and oscillates under the magnetic force of the piezoelectric upper magnet 603 and the piezoelectric lower magnet 405, causing the piezoelectric ceramic sheet 604 to generate electrical energy.

[0084] like Figure 7The diagram illustrates a three-dimensional marine monitoring system utilizing a smart self-powered buoy. The smart buoy 701 achieves self-power through environmental energy harvesting and serves as a data relay node on the sea surface. It establishes communication links with passing vessels 702, underwater gliders 703, underwater unmanned vehicles 704, ground base stations 705, and space-based satellites 706, enabling the convergence, forwarding, and remote transmission of underwater, surface, and space-based monitoring information, forming a cross-media, multi-platform collaborative three-dimensional marine monitoring network.

[0085] This invention describes the working principle and implementation scheme of the wave energy harvesting and wind energy harvesting modules and energy harvesting chamber with linkage effect using specific embodiments. The above embodiments are only for helping to understand the experimental methods and operation process of the experimental device of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the embodiments of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods, application scope, and materials. Therefore, the content of this invention should not be construed as the development of this invention.

Claims

1. A self-powered intelligent marine buoy based on multi-source energy synergistic capture, which utilizes wind energy, wave energy, and solar energy for multi-source energy synergistic capture, and realizes energy conversion through a piezoelectric power generation unit and an electromagnetic induction power generation unit, characterized in that... Multi-source energy synergistic capture, high-efficiency energy conversion, self-powered in-situ monitoring, etc. The device includes: (1) The main shaft structure of the buoy serves as the support and connection component of the whole machine, and is used to connect the bottom oscillating float and reversing gear set, energy amplification and management cabin, energy capture cabin, top wind cup and solar panel and other components; (2) Wave motion conversion chamber, used to convert wave up-and-down oscillation into unidirectional rotational motion. The mechanism includes two symmetrically arranged racks, which are fixed on the bottom oscillating float and mesh with a pair of spur gears respectively. The motion mode conversion is achieved through a bevel gear set, and finally a unidirectional rotational output is formed. (3) Mechanical energy storage flywheel, used to stabilize the rotational state of the main shaft by capturing wave energy. The large rotational inertia of the flywheel smooths the speed fluctuations, temporarily stores the intermittent impact kinetic energy as rotational kinetic energy, and releases it when the input is interrupted to slow down the speed drop, thereby realizing the buffering regulation and relatively stable release of mechanical energy; (4) Energy management unit, used to rectify, stabilize and manage the electrical energy output by the energy harvesting device. Due to the randomness and instability of the ocean wind field and wave environment, the electrical energy output by the energy harvesting device has AC characteristics and fluctuates, and cannot directly power electronic devices such as sensors. Therefore, the energy management unit realizes the conversion and output of AC to DC. (5) Electromagnetic induction energy capture chamber, located in the middle of the energy capture chamber, mainly consists of upper and lower disks, a relatively sliding shell, and a disk assembly fixed on the shell. Multiple magnets are arranged at intervals around the upper disk, and the same number of copper coils are arranged at corresponding positions on the lower disk. A preset distance is maintained between the magnets and the coils; (6) A piezoelectric beam energy trapping chamber, located on the periphery of the energy trapping chamber, mainly includes four piezoelectric beams and corresponding magnet assemblies. One end of each piezoelectric beam is rigidly fixed to the upper plate of the energy trapping chamber, and a magnet is installed at the free end; a magnet with the opposite magnetic pole to the magnet at the free end is installed at the corresponding position on the lower plate, and a preset distance is maintained between the two. Several piezoelectric plates are installed near the fixed end of each piezoelectric beam; (7) Wind-solar energy harvesting structure, including a top wind cup and a solar panel. Ambient wind energy drives the wind cup to rotate, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy to achieve wind energy harvesting; the solar panel is installed on the top shell of the buoy to achieve solar energy harvesting; (8) Buoy shell structure, used to connect the various functional compartments and provide support and protection for the internal mechanical structure, electrical components and energy capture unit.

2. The self-powered intelligent marine buoy based on multi-source energy cooperative capture as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom oscillating float generates reciprocating oscillations under the action of waves. The spur rack fixed on it meshes with the spur gear to convert the reciprocating oscillations into the rotational motion of the reversing gear shaft. The reversing gear shaft is connected to the main shaft through a bevel gear set with a one-way bearing to convert the reciprocating oscillation motion into the one-way rotational motion of the main shaft.

3. The self-powered intelligent marine buoy based on multi-source energy cooperative capture as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The full-wave rectifier circuit in the energy management unit is used to convert the AC power output from the energy capture chamber into DC power and to charge the supercapacitor, which is used for energy storage and to power the monitoring sensors.

4. The self-powered intelligent marine buoy based on multi-source energy cooperative capture as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A conductive slip ring is installed on the main shaft. The output terminal of the coil inside the energy trap is connected to the rotor end of the conductive slip ring.

5. The self-powered intelligent marine buoy based on multi-source energy cooperative capture as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The energy harvesting chamber includes an upper plate and a lower plate, which are arranged opposite to each other and rotate in opposite directions to increase the relative speed between the coil and the magnet, thereby improving the energy harvesting efficiency.

6. The self-powered intelligent marine buoy based on multi-source energy cooperative capture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind energy harvesting mechanism includes multiple hemispherical wind cups distributed circumferentially around the main shaft. Each wind cup is connected to the main shaft via a flange. The wind cups are driven to rotate by wind force, which in turn drives the main shaft to rotate.

7. The self-powered intelligent marine buoy based on multi-source energy cooperative capture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buoy is in a marine environment for a long time, and its outer shell, oscillating float and wind cup are mainly made of high-density polyethylene material.

8. The self-powered intelligent marine buoy based on multi-source energy cooperative capture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motion conversion gear set is designed for long-term exposure to marine environments and is made of high-performance alloy steel. Its surface is nitrided and coated with an anti-corrosion coating.

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