A ceramic particle

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of ceramic materials, in particular to a kind of ceramic particles, comprising: zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide, the total content of the zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide is 65.0-88.0 wt.%; yttrium oxide, the content of the yttrium oxide is 1.1 wt.% or more; and, aluminum oxide, the content of the aluminum oxide is 10.0-30.0 wt.%.The ceramic particles of the present application have improved performance (such as mechanical properties, wear performance, etc.), suitable for use as a medium or as a composite wear-resistant component insert. The ceramic particles and products containing them can achieve excellent material processing effect, and also have the advantages of long service life, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of ceramic materials, and more specifically to a type of ceramic particle. Background Technology

[0002] Wear-resistant ceramic particles have a wide range of applications. Specifically, ceramic particles can be used as a grinding medium (such as abrasive media, sandblasting media, etc.) to efficiently process various materials. Ceramic particles can also serve as the ceramic component in ceramic-metal composite wear-resistant parts. Through the synergistic effect of ceramic particles and the metal matrix, the overall wear resistance of the composite part is improved, and the service life of the part is extended.

[0003] The performance parameters of ceramic particles (such as mechanical properties and wear resistance) directly affect the processing effect, processing efficiency, and performance of composite wear-resistant components. Furthermore, the use of ceramic particles in some fields often faces the problem of impurity residue, thus limiting their application in impurity-sensitive areas. Therefore, further optimization of the performance of ceramic particles is needed to expand their applications in material processing and the fabrication of high-performance composite wear-resistant components. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a ceramic particle with improved properties (such as mechanical properties, wear resistance, etc.) that can be used as a medium or as an insert for composite wear-resistant components.

[0005] Therefore, in one aspect, this application provides ceramic particles, which, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, comprise: Zirconia and hafnium oxide, wherein the total content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide is 65.0-88.0 wt.%; Yttrium oxide, wherein the content of yttrium oxide is 1.1 wt.% or more; and, Alumina, wherein the alumina content is 10.0-30.0 wt.%.

[0006] On the other hand, this application provides a method for processing the aforementioned ceramic particles, which includes the following steps: Provide raw material composition; Optionally, molding is used to provide preform particles; Optionally, the embryo particles are subjected to washing and / or drying treatment; and Sintering process.

[0007] On the other hand, this application provides the use of the above-mentioned ceramic particles as a sandblasting medium, abrasive medium, or an insert for composite wear-resistant parts.

[0008] In another aspect, this application provides a blasting medium comprising the aforementioned ceramic particles.

[0009] On the other hand, this application provides an abrasive medium comprising the aforementioned ceramic particles.

[0010] On the other hand, a composite wear-resistant component comprises a metal matrix and an insert, the insert comprising the aforementioned ceramic particles. Detailed Implementation

[0012] General definitions and terms

[0013] Unless otherwise stated, all publications, patent applications, patents and other references mentioned herein are incorporated herein in their entirety by way of citation.

[0014] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. In case of any discrepancy, the definitions provided in this application shall prevail.

[0015] Unless otherwise stated, all percentages, parts, proportions, etc., are by weight. When quantities, concentrations, or other values ​​or parameters are given as ranges, preferred ranges, or preferred upper and lower limits, or specific values, they should be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed by paired values ​​of any upper or preferred range and any lower or preferred range, regardless of whether the range is disclosed individually. Unless otherwise stated, when this application refers to numerical ranges, the range means including its endpoints and all integers and fractions within that range.

[0016] When used with a numerical variable, the terms "about" or "approximately" usually mean that the value of the variable and all values ​​of the variable are within the experimental error (e.g., within a 95% confidence interval for the mean) or within ±10% of the specified value, or a wider range.

[0017] The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” “containing,” or “involving,” and their other variations thereof, are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude other unlisted elements or method steps. Those skilled in the art will understand that the foregoing term “comprising” encompasses the meaning of “consisting of.” The expression “consisting of” excludes any unspecified element, step, or ingredient. The expression “substantially constitutes” limits the scope to the specified elements, steps, or ingredients, plus optional elements, steps, or ingredients that do not materially affect the essential and novel features of the claimed subject matter. It should be understood that the expression “comprising” encompasses both the expressions “substantially constitutes” and “consisting of.”

[0018] Furthermore, if the number of components or parts in this application is not previously specified, it indicates that there is no limit to the number of components or parts that may appear (or exist). Therefore, it should be interpreted as including one or at least one, and the singular form of a component or part also includes the plural form, unless the value clearly indicates a singular number.

[0019] ceramic particles

[0020] In one aspect, this application provides ceramic particles comprising: zirconium oxide (ZrO2), hafnium oxide (HfO2), yttrium oxide (Y2O3), and alumina (Al2O3). The ceramic particles of this application have a suitable composition and structure, achieving improved properties (e.g., mechanical properties, wear resistance). Therefore, the ceramic particles of this application are suitable for use as a medium in materials processing or as an insert in composite wear-resistant components. In practical applications, the ceramic particles of this application and products containing them can achieve excellent materials processing results and also have advantages such as long service life.

[0021] In this article, "ceramic particles" can refer to a single ceramic particle or an aggregate of multiple ceramic particles.

[0022] It should be understood that in this document, when the described feature applies only to "aggregates of multiple particles" and not to "single particles" (e.g., the particle size distribution of ceramic particles), the feature is used for "aggregates of multiple particles". For example, "median particle size of ceramic particles" can represent the median particle size of an aggregate of multiple ceramic particles.

[0023] It should be understood that in this document, when the applicable objects of the described features simultaneously cover "aggregates of multiple particles" and "single particles" (e.g., the composition of ceramic particles), the feature may apply only to "single particles," or only to "multiple particles," or simultaneously to both "single particles" and "aggregates of multiple particles." For example, "alumina content in ceramic particles" may represent the alumina content in a single ceramic particle, or the alumina content in an aggregate of multiple ceramic particles, or simultaneously the alumina content in both a single ceramic particle and an aggregate of multiple ceramic particles.

[0024] composition

[0025] Zirconia and hafnium oxide are the main components of ceramic particles. Having an appropriate total content of zirconia and hafnium oxide in ceramic particles is beneficial to improving the performance of ceramic particles. In one embodiment, the total content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, can be about 65.0-88.0 wt.%, for example, it can be more than about 65.0 wt.%, more than 66.0 wt.%, more than 67.0 wt.%, more than 68.0 wt.%, more than 69.0 wt.%, more than 70.0 wt.%, more than 71.0 wt.%, more than 72 wt.%, more than 73 wt.%, more than 74 wt.%, more than 75 wt.%, more than 76 wt.%, more than 77 wt.%, more than 78 wt.%, more than 79 wt.%, or more than 80 wt.%, and for another example, it can be less than about 88 wt.%, less than 87 wt.%, less than 86 wt.%, less than 85 wt.%, less than 84 wt.%, less than 83 wt.%, less than 82 wt.%, or less than 81 wt.%. Less than wt.%, less than 80 wt.%, less than 79 wt.%, less than 78 wt.%, less than 77 wt.%, less than 76 wt.%, less than 75 wt.%, less than 74 wt.%, less than 73 wt.%, less than 72 wt.%, less than 71 wt.%, or less than 70 wt.%. In another embodiment, the total content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be about 71.5-77.0 wt.%. In yet another embodiment, the total content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be about 73.5-76.5 wt.%. In yet another embodiment, the total content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be approximately 65.0 wt.%, 66.0 wt.%, 67.0 wt.%, 68.0 wt.%, 69.0 wt.%, 70.0 wt.%, 71.0 wt.%, 71.5 wt.%, 72 wt.%, 73 wt.%, 74 wt.%, 75 wt.%, 76 wt.%, 77 wt.%, 78 wt.%, 79 wt.%, 80 wt.%, 81 wt.%, 82 wt.%, 83 wt.%, 84 wt.%, 85 wt.%, 86 wt.%, 87 wt.%, or 88 wt.%, etc.

[0026] The term "total content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide" used herein does not imply the intentional addition of hafnium oxide during the preparation of the ceramic particles of this application. Hafnium oxide is typically naturally present in zircon resources (such as zircon (ZrSiO4), and the chemical properties of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide are similar, making them difficult to separate using conventional chemical methods. Therefore, zirconium oxide obtained from natural zirconium-bearing minerals using methods commonly used in the art usually contains a certain proportion of hafnium oxide. For clarity, in this application, unless otherwise specified, the content or weight of zirconium oxide containing trace amounts of hafnium oxide should be understood as either "content or weight of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide" or "content or weight of zirconium oxide." Correspondingly, the content or weight of their crystalline phases can be referred to as "content or weight of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide crystalline phases" or "content or weight of zirconium oxide crystalline phases." The weight ratio of zirconium oxide to hafnium oxide in the ceramic particles of this application can be the same as or close to the ratio of the two in natural zirconium-containing minerals. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of zirconium oxide to hafnium oxide can be, for example, about 90:10 or more, 91:9 or more, 92:8 or more, 93:7 or more, 94:6 or more, 95:5 or more, 96:4 or more, 97:3 or more, 98:2 or more, 99:1 or more, or 99.5:0.5 or more, etc. For example, the weight ratio of zirconium oxide to hafnium oxide can be about 99.9:0.1 or less, 99.5:0.5 or less, or 99: The ratio of zirconium oxide to hafnium oxide can be approximately 90:10 to 99.9:0.1. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of zirconium oxide to hafnium oxide can be approximately 90:10, 91:9, 92:8, 93:7, 94:6, 95:5, 96:4, 97:3, 98:2, 99:1, 99.5:0.5, or 99.9:0.1.

[0027] Yttrium oxide can act as a stabilizer, forming yttrium-stabilized zirconia with zirconium oxide, thereby improving the performance of ceramic particles, such as optimizing their structural stability. The ceramic particles of this application have an appropriate content of yttrium oxide, which is beneficial for optimizing their performance. In one embodiment, the yttrium oxide content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be about 1.1 wt.% or more, for example, about 1.1 wt.% or more, 1.2 wt.% or more, 1.3 wt.% or more, 1.4 wt.% or more, 1.5 wt.% or more, 1.6 wt.% or more, 1.7 wt.% or more, 1.8 wt.% or more, 1.9 wt.% or more, 2.0 wt.% or more, 2.2 wt.% or more, 2.4 wt.% or more, 2.5 wt.% or more, 2.8 wt.% or more, 3.0 wt.% or more, 3.2 wt.% or more, 3.5 wt.% or more, 3.8 wt.% or more, 4.0 wt.% or more, 4.3 wt.% or more, 4.5 wt.% or more, 4.8 wt.% or more, 5.0 wt.% or more, 5.2 wt.% or more, 5.5 wt.% or more. The yttrium oxide content may be 4.3 wt.% or more, 5.8 wt.% or more, or 6.0 wt.% or more, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In one embodiment, the yttrium oxide content may be about 5.0 wt.% or more, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In another embodiment, the yttrium oxide content may be about 10.0 wt.% or less, for example, about 10.0 wt.% or less, 9.5 wt.% or less, 9.0 wt.% or less, 8.5 wt.% or less, 8.0 wt.% or less, 7.5 wt.% or less, 7.0 wt.% or less, 6.5 wt.% or less, 6.0 wt.% or less, or 5.5 wt.% or less, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In yet another embodiment, the yttrium oxide content may be about 7.0 wt.% or less, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In yet another embodiment, the yttrium oxide content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be about 1.1-10.0 wt.%. In another embodiment, the yttrium oxide content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be about 4.3-10.0 wt.%. In another embodiment, the yttrium oxide content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be about 5.0-10.0 wt.%. In another embodiment, the yttrium oxide content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be about 1.1-7.0 wt.%. In another embodiment, the yttrium oxide content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be about 4.3-7.0 wt.%. In another embodiment, the yttrium oxide content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be about 5.0-7.0 wt.%.In another embodiment, the yttrium oxide content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be approximately 1.1 wt.%, 1.2 wt.%, 1.3 wt.%, 1.4 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, 1.6 wt.%, 1.7 wt.%, 1.8 wt.%, 1.9 wt.%, 2.0 wt.%, 2.1 wt.%, 2.2 wt.%, 2.3 wt.%, 2.4 wt.%, 2.5 wt.%, 2.6 wt.%, 2.7 wt.%, 2.8 wt.%, 2.9 wt.%, 3.0 wt.%, 3.1 wt.%, 3.2 wt.%, 3.3 wt.%, 3.4 wt.%, 3.5 wt.%, 3.6 wt.%, 3.7 wt.%, 3.8 wt.%, 3.9 wt.%, 4.0 wt.%, 4.1 wt.%, 4.2 wt.%, 4.3 wt.% wt.%, 4.4 wt.%, 4.5 wt.%, 4.6 wt.%, 4.7 wt.%, 4.8 wt.%, 4.9 wt.%, 5.0 wt.%, 5.1 wt.%, 5.2 wt.%, 5.3wt.%, 5.4 wt.%, 5.5 wt.%, 5.6 wt.%, 5.7 wt.%, 5.8 wt.%, 5.9 wt.%, 6.0 wt.%, 6.1 wt.%, 6.2 wt.%, 6.3 wt.%, 6.4 wt.%, 6.5 wt.%, 6.6 wt.%, 6.7 wt.%, 6.8 wt.%, 6.9 wt.%, 7.0wt.%, 7.5 wt.%, 8.0 wt.%, 8.5 wt.%, 9.0 wt.%, 9.5 wt.% or 10.0 wt.%, etc.

[0028] Ceramic particles can have an appropriate amount of alumina, which is beneficial for optimizing the properties of ceramic particles, such as toughness, wear resistance, and structural stability. In one embodiment, the alumina content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, can be about 10.0-30.0 wt.%, for example, it can be more than 10.0 wt.%, more than 11 wt.%, more than 12 wt.%, more than 13 wt.%, more than 14 wt.%, more than 15 wt.%, more than 16 wt.%, more than 17 wt.%, more than 18 wt.%, more than 19 wt.%, more than 20 wt.%, more than 21 wt.%, more than 22 wt.%, more than 23 wt.%, more than 24 wt.%, more than 25 wt.%, more than 26 wt.%, more than 27 wt.%, or more than 28 wt.%, etc. Alternatively, it can be less than 30.0 wt.%, less than 29 wt.%, less than 28 wt.%, less than 27 wt.%, less than 26 wt.%, less than 25 wt.%, less than 24 wt.%, etc. The alumina content may be less than 23 wt.%, less than 22 wt.%, less than 21 wt.%, less than 20 wt.%, less than 19 wt.%, less than 18 wt.%, less than 17 wt.%, less than 16 wt.%, less than 15 wt.%, less than 14 wt.%, less than 13 wt.%, or less than 12 wt.%, etc., based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In another embodiment, the alumina content may be about 15.0-27.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In yet another embodiment, the alumina content may be about 17.0-23.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In another embodiment, the alumina content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be approximately 10.0 wt.%, 11.0 wt.%, 12 wt.%, 13 wt.%, 14 wt.%, 15 wt.%, 16 wt.%, 17 wt.%, 18 wt.%, 19 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 21 wt.%, 22 wt.%, 23 wt.%, 24 wt.%, 25 wt.%, 26 wt.%, 27 wt.%, 28 wt.%, 29 wt.%, or 30 wt.%, etc.

[0029] Ceramic particles may also contain a certain amount of other oxides. These other oxides can provide beneficial effects to the ceramic particles, such as: adjusting their appearance (e.g., color, gloss, surface morphology), optimizing their performance, controlling costs, and reducing their carbon footprint. In this document, the term "other oxides" refers to metal or non-metal oxides other than zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, yttrium oxide, and aluminum oxide. These metal or non-metal oxides include, but are not limited to: cerium oxide (CeO2), silicon dioxide (SiO2), iron oxide (Fe2O3), sodium oxide (Na2O), potassium oxide (K2O), magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), boron oxide (B2O3), strontium oxide (SrO), barium oxide (BaO), manganese oxide (MnO2), copper oxide (CuO), chromium oxide (Cr2O3), vanadium oxide (V2O5), molybdenum oxide (MoO3), and tungsten oxide (WO3).

[0030] The ceramic particles of this application exhibit a certain tolerance to the presence and content of other oxides therein. In one embodiment, the ceramic particles of this application may optionally contain a certain content of other oxides, while having improved performance.

[0031] In one embodiment, the content of other oxides, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be less than about 2.0 wt.%, for example, less than about 2.0 wt.%, less than 1.9 wt.%, less than 1.8 wt.%, less than 1.7 wt.%, less than 1.6 wt.%, less than 1.5 wt.%, less than 1.4 wt.%, less than 1.3 wt.%, less than 1.2 wt.%, less than 1.1 wt.%, less than 1.0 wt.%, less than 0.9 wt.%, less than 0.8 wt.%, less than 0.7 wt.%, less than 0.6 wt.%, less than 0.5 wt.%, less than 0.4 wt.%, less than 0.3 wt.%, less than 0.2 wt.%, less than 0.1 wt.%, less than 0.05 wt.%, less than 0.04 wt.%, less than 0.03 wt.%, less than 0.02 wt.%. Less than wt.%, less than 0.01 wt.%, less than 0.005 wt.%, less than 0.001 wt.%, etc. In another embodiment, the content of other oxides, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be more than about 0.0005 wt.%, for example, more than about 0.0005 wt.%, more than 0.001 wt.%, more than 0.005 wt.%, more than 0.01 wt.%, more than 0.02 wt.%, more than 0.03 wt.%, more than 0.04 wt.%, more than 0.05 wt.%, more than 0.06 wt.%, more than 0.07 wt.%, more than 0.08 wt.%, more than 0.09 wt.%, more than 0.1 wt.%, more than 0.2 wt.%, more than 0.3 wt.%, more than 0.4 wt.%, more than 0.5 wt.%, more than 0.6 wt.%, more than 0.7 wt.%, more than 0.8 wt.%, more than 0.9 wt.%, more than 1.0 wt.%, etc. In yet another embodiment, the content of other oxides may be approximately 0.0005-2.0 wt.% based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.In yet another embodiment, the content of other oxides, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be approximately 0.0005 wt.%, 0.001 wt.%, 0.002 wt.%, 0.003 wt.%, 0.004 wt.%, 0.005 wt.%, 0.006 wt.%, 0.007 wt.%, 0.008 wt.%, 0.009 wt.%, 0.01 wt.%, 0.02 wt.%, 0.03 wt.%, 0.04 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.06 wt.%, 0.07 wt.%, 0.08 wt.%, 0.09 wt.%, 0.1 wt.%, 0.2 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%, 0.4 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, 0.6 wt.%, 0.7 wt.%, 0.8 wt.%, 0.9 wt.%, 1.0 wt.%, 1.1 wt.%, 1.2 wt.%, 1.3 wt.%, 1.4 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, 1.6 wt.%, 1.7 wt.%, 1.8 wt.%, 1.9wt.% or 2.0 wt.%, etc.

[0032] In one embodiment, the other oxide comprises cerium oxide (CeO2). The ceramic particles of this application contain a defined amount of cerium oxide, which helps to avoid or reduce the risk of cerium oxide being introduced into the ceramic particles themselves during their practical application, thereby enabling them to be used in fields sensitive to cerium oxide and cerium. In one embodiment, the cerium oxide content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, can be less than about 1.0 wt.%, for example, less than about 1.0 wt.%, less than 0.9 wt.%, less than 0.8 wt.%, less than 0.7 wt.%, less than 0.6 wt.%, less than 0.5 wt.%, less than 0.4 wt.%, less than 0.3 wt.%, less than 0.2 wt.%, less than 0.1 wt.%, less than 0.08 wt.%, less than 0.06 wt.%, less than 0.05 wt.%, less than 0.04 wt.%, less than 0.03 wt.%, less than 0.02 wt.%, less than 0.01 wt.%, or less than 0.005 wt.%, etc.

[0033] In one embodiment, the ceramic particles of this application substantially do not contain cerium oxide and / or cerium. The formulation design and preparation process of the ceramic particles of this application avoids the use of cerium oxide (CeO2) or its precursors. This helps to avoid the risk of introducing cerium oxide into the ceramic particles themselves during practical applications, thus enabling their use in fields sensitive to cerium oxide and cerium. It should be understood that "the ceramic particles substantially do not contain cerium oxide and / or cerium" in this document means that the addition of cerium oxide and its precursors or other cerium-containing raw materials is actively excluded during the preparation of the ceramic particles, but does not exclude the unavoidable introduction of trace amounts of cerium oxide and / or cerium through inactive means (such as trace element migration from production equipment).

[0034] In one embodiment, the other oxides include: silicon dioxide, iron oxide, or a combination thereof.

[0035] In one embodiment, the ceramic particles may have a suitable content of silica, and consequently, a suitable crystal phase structure, which is beneficial for optimizing the performance of the ceramic particles. In a further embodiment, the silica content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be less than about 1.0 wt.%, for example, less than about 1.0 wt.%, less than 0.9 wt.%, less than 0.8 wt.%, less than 0.7 wt.%, less than 0.6 wt.%, less than 0.5 wt.%, less than 0.4 wt.%, less than 0.3 wt.%, less than 0.2 wt.%, less than 0.1 wt.%, less than 0.05 wt.%, less than 0.04 wt.%, less than 0.03 wt.%, less than 0.02 wt.%, less than 0.01 wt.%, less than 0.005 wt.%, etc. In another further embodiment, the silica content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be less than about 0.8 wt.%. In yet another further embodiment, the silica content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be more than about 0.001 wt.%, for example, more than about 0.001 wt.%, more than 0.005 wt.%, more than 0.01 wt.%, more than 0.02 wt.%, more than 0.03 wt.%, more than 0.04 wt.%, more than 0.05 wt.%, more than 0.1 wt.%, more than 0.2 wt.%, more than 0.3 wt.%, more than 0.4 wt.%, more than 0.5 wt.%, more than 0.6 wt.%, more than 0.7 wt.%, more than 0.8 wt.%, more than 0.9 wt.%, or more than 0.95 wt.%, etc. In yet another further embodiment, the silica content may be approximately 0.001-1.0 wt.% based on the total weight of the ceramic particles. In yet another further embodiment, the silica content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be approximately 0.001 wt.%, 0.002 wt.%, 0.003 wt.%, 0.004 wt.%, 0.005 wt.%, 0.006 wt.%, 0.007 wt.%, 0.008 wt.%, 0.009 wt.%, 0.01 wt.%, 0.02 wt.%, 0.03 wt.%, 0.04 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.1 wt.%, 0.2 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%, 0.4 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, 0.6 wt.%, 0.7 wt.%, 0.8 wt.%, 0.9 wt.%, 0.95 wt.%, 0.96 wt.%, 0.97 wt.%, 0.98 wt.%, 0.99 wt.% wt.% or 1.0 wt.% etc.

[0036] In one embodiment, the ceramic particles may have an appropriate content of iron oxide, and consequently, an appropriate crystal phase structure, which is beneficial for optimizing the performance of the ceramic particles. In a further embodiment, the iron oxide content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be less than about 1.0 wt.%, for example, less than about 1.0 wt.%, less than 0.9 wt.%, less than 0.8 wt.%, less than 0.7 wt.%, less than 0.6 wt.%, less than 0.5 wt.%, less than 0.4 wt.%, less than 0.3 wt.%, less than 0.2 wt.%, less than 0.1 wt.%, less than 0.05 wt.%, less than 0.04 wt.%, less than 0.03 wt.%, less than 0.02 wt.%, less than 0.01 wt.%, less than 0.005 wt.%, etc. In another further embodiment, the iron oxide content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be about 0.001 wt.% or more, for example, 0.001 wt.% or more, 0.005 wt.% or more, 0.01 wt.% or more, 0.02 wt.% or more, 0.03 wt.% or more, 0.04 wt.% or more, 0.05 wt.% or more, 0.1 wt.% or more, 0.2 wt.% or more, 0.3 wt.% or more, 0.4 wt.% or more, 0.5 wt.% or more, 0.6 wt.% or more, 0.7 wt.% or more, 0.8 wt.% or more, 0.9 wt.% or more, or 0.95 wt.% or more, etc. In yet another further embodiment, the iron oxide content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be about 0.001-1.0 wt.%. In yet another further embodiment, the iron oxide content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, may be approximately 0.001 wt.%, 0.002 wt.%, 0.003 wt.%, 0.004 wt.%, 0.005 wt.%, 0.006 wt.%, 0.007 wt.%, 0.008 wt.%, 0.009 wt.%, 0.01 wt.%, 0.02 wt.%, 0.03 wt.%, 0.04 wt.%, 0.05 wt.%, 0.1 wt.%, 0.2 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%, 0.4 wt.%, 0.5 wt.%, 0.6 wt.%, 0.7 wt.%, 0.8 wt.%, 0.9 wt.%, 0.95 wt.%, 0.96 wt.%, 0.97 wt.%, 0.98 wt.%, 0.99 wt.%, or 1.0 wt.%. wt.% etc.

[0037] Unless otherwise stated, in this application, the total content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide, and the content of alumina in the ceramic particles can be obtained by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. For specific measurement methods, please refer to the embodiments of this application.

[0038] Unless otherwise stated, in this application, the content of oxides other than the total content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide and the content of aluminum oxide in ceramic particles, such as the content of yttrium oxide, cerium oxide, silicon dioxide, iron oxide, etc., can be measured by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis. For specific measurement methods, please refer to the embodiments of this application.

[0039] Phase Structure

[0040] Ceramic particles may contain crystalline phases. In this document, "crystalline phase" can refer to a solid phase with a regular atomic arrangement and a defined crystal structure. For example, crystalline phases may include alumina crystalline phases, zirconia crystalline phases, etc. Unless otherwise stated, in this application, the content of crystal phase structures (e.g., crystalline phases, alumina crystalline phases, zirconia crystalline phases, α-alumina phases, stable zirconia phases, monoclinic zirconia phases, tetragonal zirconia phases, cubic zirconia phases, etc.) in ceramic particles can be obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis using a PANalytical Empyrean diffractometer. Specific measurement methods can be found in the embodiments of this application.

[0041] At least a portion of the alumina exists in the ceramic particles in the form of an alumina crystalline phase. The alumina crystalline phase to the alumina in the ceramic particles can have a high weight ratio, which is beneficial for optimizing the performance of the ceramic particles. In one embodiment, the ratio of the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase to the weight of the alumina in the ceramic particles can be about 0.90 or more, for example, it can be about 0.90 or more, 0.91 or more, 0.92 or more, 0.93 or more, 0.94 or more, 0.95 or more, 0.96 or more, 0.97 or more, 0.98 or more, 0.99 or more, or 1.00, etc. In another embodiment, the ratio of the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase to the weight of the alumina in the ceramic particles can be about 0.98 or more. In another embodiment, the ratio of the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase to the weight of alumina in the ceramic particles can be about 1.00 or less, for example, it can be about 1.00 or less, 0.99 or less, 0.98 or less, 0.97 or less, 0.96 or less, 0.95 or less, 0.94 or less, 0.92 or less, or 0.91 or less. In another embodiment, the ratio of the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase to the weight of alumina in the ceramic particles can be about 0.90 to 1.00. In yet another embodiment, the ratio of the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase to the weight of alumina in the ceramic particles can be about 0.98 to 1.00. In yet another embodiment, the ratio of the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase to the weight of alumina in the ceramic particles can be about 0.90, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99 or 1.00.

[0042] The crystalline phase of alumina can include the α-alumina phase (α-Al₂O₃). The α-alumina phase is the stable crystalline phase of alumina, which has a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structure and belongs to the trigonal crystal system.

[0043] In this application, the weight ratio of the α-alumina phase to the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase can be relatively high, which is beneficial for optimizing the performance of the ceramic material. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the α-alumina phase to the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be about 0.90 or more, for example, it can be about 0.90 or more, 0.91 or more, 0.92 or more, 0.93 or more, 0.94 or more, 0.95 or more, 0.96 or more, 0.97 or more, 0.98 or more, 0.99 or more, or 1.00, etc. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the α-alumina phase to the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be about 1.0 or less, for example, it can be about 1.0 or less, 0.99 or less, 0.98 or less, 0.97 or less, 0.96 or less, 0.95 or less, 0.94 or less, 0.93 or less, 0.92 or less, or 0.91 or less, etc. In yet another embodiment, the weight ratio of the α-alumina phase to the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be approximately 0.90-1.00. In yet another embodiment, the weight ratio of the α-alumina phase to the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be approximately 0.90, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, or 1.00, etc.

[0044] The ceramic particles of this application can have an appropriate content of α-alumina phase, which is beneficial for optimizing the performance of the ceramic particles. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the α-alumina phase to the total weight of the ceramic particles can be about 0.09-0.3, for example, it can be more than about 0.09, more than 0.10, more than 0.11, more than 0.12, more than 0.13, more than 0.14, more than 0.15, more than 0.18, more than 0.20, more than 0.22, more than 0.25, more than 0.26, more than 0.27, or more than 0.28, etc., and for example, it can be less than about 0.3, less than 0.29, less than 0.28, less than 0.27, less than 0.26, less than 0.25, less than 0.22, less than 0.20, less than 0.18, less than 0.15, less than 0.12, or less than 0.10, etc. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the α-alumina phase to the total weight of the ceramic particles can be approximately 0.09, 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14, 0.15, 0.18, 0.20, 0.22, 0.25, 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, or 0.30.

[0045] Unbound by theory, in the ceramic particles of this application, the α-alumina phase can be dispersed in the zirconia crystalline phase, thereby significantly improving the mechanical properties of the ceramic particles, such as increasing the hardness and toughness of the ceramic particles.

[0046] In the ceramic particles of this application, the ratio of the weight of the alumina crystalline phase other than the α-alumina phase to the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase can be relatively low, which is beneficial for optimizing the performance of the ceramic material. In one embodiment, the ratio of the weight of the alumina crystalline phase other than the α-alumina phase to the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be about 0.10 or less, for example, it can be about 0.10 or less, 0.09 or less, 0.08 or less, 0.07 or less, 0.06 or less, 0.05 or less, 0.04 or less, 0.03 or less, 0.02 or less, 0.015 or less, 0.01 or less, 0.005 or less, or 0.001 or less. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the alumina crystalline phase (excluding the α-alumina phase) to the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be about 0.0005 or more, for example, it can be about 0.0005 or more, 0.0010 or more, 0.0050 or more, 0.010 or more, 0.015 or more, 0.02 or more, 0.03 or more, 0.04 or more, or 0.05 or more, etc. In yet another embodiment, the weight ratio of the alumina crystalline phase (excluding the α-alumina phase) to the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be about 0.0005-0.10. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the alumina crystalline phase (excluding the α-alumina phase) to the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be approximately 0.10, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01, 0.009, 0.008, 0.007, 0.005, 0.004, 0.003, 0.002, 0.001, 0.0009, 0.0008, 0.0007, 0.0006, or 0.0005, etc.

[0047] At least a portion of the zirconium oxide exists in the ceramic particles in the form of a zirconia crystalline phase. The weight ratio of the zirconia crystalline phase to the zirconium oxide in the ceramic particles can be high, which is beneficial for optimizing the performance of the ceramic particles. In one embodiment, the ratio of the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase to the weight of the zirconium oxide in the ceramic particles can be about 0.90 or more, for example, it can be about 0.90 or more, 0.91 or more, 0.92 or more, 0.93 or more, 0.94 or more, 0.95 or more, 0.96 or more, 0.97 or more, 0.98 or more, 0.985 or more, 0.99 or more, 0.995 or more, or 1.00, etc. In another embodiment, the ratio of the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase to the weight of the zirconium oxide in the ceramic particles can be about 0.98 or more. In another embodiment, the ratio of the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase to the weight of zirconia in the ceramic particles can be about 1.00 or less, for example, it can be about 1.00 or less, 0.99 or less, 0.98 or less, 0.97 or less, 0.96 or less, 0.95 or less, 0.94 or less, 0.93 or less, 0.92 or less, or 0.91 or less. In another embodiment, the ratio of the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase to the weight of zirconia in the ceramic particles can be about 0.90-1.00. In another embodiment, the ratio of the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase to the weight of zirconia in the ceramic particles can be about 0.98-1.00. In yet another embodiment, the ratio of the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase to the weight of zirconia in the ceramic particles can be about 0.90, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99 or 1.00, etc.

[0048] Zirconia crystalline phases can include the stable zirconia phase (s-ZrO2), the monoclinic zirconia phase (m-ZrO2), etc.

[0049] In the ceramic particles of this application, the proportion of monoclinic zirconia phase in the zirconia crystalline phase can be relatively low, which is beneficial for improving the performance of the ceramic particles. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be less than about 0.20, for example, less than about 0.20, less than 0.19, less than 0.18, less than 0.17, less than 0.16, less than 0.15, less than 0.14, less than 0.13, less than 0.12, less than 0.11, less than 0.10, less than 0.09, less than 0.08, less than 0.07, less than 0.06, less than 0.05, less than 0.04, less than 0.03, less than 0.02, less than 0.01, less than 0.005, or less than 0.001. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be less than about 0.05. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be about 0.0005 or more, for example, it can be about 0.0005 or more, 0.0010 or more, 0.0050 or more, 0.010 or more, 0.015 or more, 0.02 or more, 0.03 or more, 0.04 or more, 0.05 or more, 0.06 or more, 0.07 or more, 0.08 or more, 0.09 or more, 0.10 or more, or 0.15 or more. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be about 0.0005-0.20. In yet another embodiment, the weight ratio of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be about 0.0005-0.05. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be approximately 0.20, 0.19, 0.18, 0.17, 0.16, 0.15, 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.10, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01, 0.009, 0.008, 0.007, 0.005, 0.004, 0.003, 0.002, 0.001, 0.0009, 0.0008, 0.0007, 0.0006, or 0.0005, etc. In the ceramic particles of this application, the ratio of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the ceramic particles can be relatively low, which is beneficial for improving the performance of the ceramic particles. In one embodiment, the ratio of the weight of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the ceramic particles can be less than about 0.22, for example, less than about 0.22, less than 0.21, less than 0.20, less than 0.19, less than 0.18, less than 0.17, less than 0.16, less than 0.15, less than 0.12, less than 0.10, less than 0.08, less than 0.05, less than 0.02, or less than 0.01, etc. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the ceramic particles can be about 0.0005 or more, for example, it can be about 0.0005 or more, 0.0010 or more, 0.0050 or more, 0.010 or more, 0.015 or more, 0.018 or more, 0.020 or more, 0.050 or more, 0.080 or more, 0.10 or more, 0.15 or more, 0.16 or more, 0.17 or more, 0.18 or more, 0.19 or more, 0.20 or more, or 0.21 or more. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the ceramic particles can be about 0.0005-0.22. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the ceramic particles can be approximately 0.0005, 0.0006, 0.0007, 0.0008, 0.0009, 0.0010, 0.0012, 0.0015, 0.0018, 0.0020, 0.0030, 0.0040, 0.0050, 0.0060, 0.0080, 0.010, 0.015, 0.018, 0.020, 0.050, 0.080, 0.10, 0.15, 0.16, 0.17, 0.18, 0.19, 0.20, 0.21, or 0.22. The ceramic particles may contain as little monoclinic zirconia phase as possible or none at all, which is beneficial to the properties of the ceramic particles, for example, improving structural stability.

[0050] In this application, the stable zirconia phase may include: tetragonal zirconia phase (t-ZrO2) and cubic zirconia phase (c-ZrO2). The stable zirconia phase can account for a relatively high proportion of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles of this application, which is beneficial to the performance of the ceramic particles. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the stable zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be about 0.80 or more, for example, it can be about 0.80 or more, 0.81 or more, 0.82 or more, 0.83 or more, 0.84 or more, 0.85 or more, 0.86 or more, 0.87 or more, 0.88 or more, 0.89 or more, 0.90 or more, 0.91 or more, 0.92 or more, 0.93 or more, 0.94 or more, 0.95 or more, 0.96 or more, 0.97 or more, 0.98 or more, 0.985 or more, 0.99 or more, 0.995 or more, or 1.00. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the stable zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be about 0.95 or more. In yet another embodiment, the weight ratio of the stable zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be about 0.80 to 1.00. In yet another embodiment, the weight ratio of the stable zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be approximately 0.95-1.00. In yet another embodiment, the weight ratio of the stable zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be approximately 0.80, 0.81, 0.82, 0.83, 0.84, 0.85, 0.86, 0.87, 0.88, 0.89, 0.90, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, or 1.00, etc. The ceramic particles of this application can contain a suitable amount of stable zirconia phase, which is beneficial to the performance of the ceramic particles. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the stable zirconia phase to the total weight of the ceramic particles can be about 0.57-0.88, for example, it can be more than about 0.57, 0.58, 0.59, 0.60, 0.61, 0.62, 0.63, 0.64, 0.65, 0.66, 0.67, 0.68, 0.69, 0.70, 0.71, 0.72, 0.73, 0.74, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79, 0.80, 0.81, or 0.82. For example, it can be approximately 0.88 or less, 0.87 or less, 0.86 or less, 0.85 or less, 0.84 or less, 0.83 or less, 0.82 or less, 0.81 or less, 0.80 or less, 0.79 or less, 0.78 or less, 0.77 or less, 0.76 or less, 0.75 or less, 0.74 or less, 0.73 or less, 0.72 or less, 0.71 or less, 0.70 or less, 0.69 or less, 0.68 or less, 0.67 or less, 0.66 or less, 0.65 or less, 0.64 or less, 0.63 or less, 0.62 or less, 0.61 or less, etc. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the stable zirconia phase to the total weight of the ceramic particles can be approximately 0.57, 0.58, 0.59, 0.60, 0.61, 0.62, 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85, 0.86, 0.87, or 0.88.

[0051] In the ceramic particles of this application, the weight ratio of the cubic zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase can be within a suitable range, which is beneficial to the performance of the ceramic particles. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the cubic zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be about 0.01-0.99, for example, it can be about 0.01 or more, 0.03 or more, 0.05 or more, 0.10 or more, 0.15 or more, 0.20 or more, 0.25 or more, 0.30 or more, 0.35 or more, 0.40 or more, 0.45 or more, 0.50 or more, 0.55 or more, 0.60 or more, 0.65 or more, 0.70 or more, 0.75 or more, 0.80 or more, 0.85 or more, 0.90 or more, 0.95 or more, or 0.98 or more, etc. For example, it can be approximately below 0.99, below 0.98, below 0.97, below 0.96, below 0.95, below 0.92, below 0.90, below 0.85, below 0.80, below 0.75, below 0.70, below 0.65, below 0.60, below 0.55, below 0.50, below 0.45, below 0.40, below 0.35, below 0.30, below 0.25, below 0.20, below 0.15, below 0.10, below 0.09, below 0.08, below 0.07, below 0.06, below 0.05, below 0.03, or below 0.01, etc. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the cubic zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be approximately 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 0.98, or 0.99.

[0052] In the ceramic particles of this application, the weight ratio of the tetragonal zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase can be within a suitable range, which is beneficial to the performance of the ceramic particles. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the tetragonal zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be about 0.01-0.99, for example, it can be more than about 0.01, more than 0.05, more than 0.10, more than 0.15, more than 0.20, more than 0.25, more than 0.30, more than 0.35, more than 0.40, more than 0.45, more than 0.50, more than 0.55, more than 0.60, more than 0.65, more than 0.70, more than 0.75, more than 0.80, more than 0.85, more than 0.90, more than 0.95, or more than 0.98, etc., and for example, it can be... These are approximately 0.99 or less, 0.98 or less, 0.97 or less, 0.96 or less, 0.95 or less, 0.92 or less, 0.90 or less, 0.85 or less, 0.80 or less, 0.75 or less, 0.70 or less, 0.65 or less, 0.60 or less, 0.55 or less, 0.50 or less, 0.45 or less, 0.40 or less, 0.35 or less, 0.30 or less, 0.25 or less, 0.20 or less, 0.15 or less, 0.10 or less, 0.09 or less, 0.08 or less, 0.07 or less, 0.06 or less, 0.05 or less, 0.03 or less, or 0.01 or less. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the tetragonal zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be approximately 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60, 0.70, 0.80, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, 0.98, or 0.99.

[0053] In the ceramic particles of this application, the weight ratio of the zirconia crystalline phase other than the monoclinic zirconia phase, cubic zirconia phase, and tetragonal zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase can be relatively low, which is beneficial for optimizing the performance of the ceramic material. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of the zirconia crystalline phase other than the monoclinic zirconia phase, cubic zirconia phase, and tetragonal zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be about 0.10 or less, for example, it can be about 0.10 or less, 0.09 or less, 0.08 or less, 0.07 or less, 0.06 or less, 0.05 or less, 0.04 or less, 0.03 or less, 0.02 or less, or 0.01 or less, etc. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the zirconia crystalline phase (excluding the monoclinic, cubic, and tetragonal zirconia phases) to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phases in the ceramic particles can be about 0.0005 or more, for example, about 0.0005 or more, 0.0010 or more, 0.0050 or more, 0.010 or more, 0.015 or more, 0.02 or more, 0.03 or more, 0.04 or more, or 0.05 or more. In yet another embodiment, the weight ratio of the zirconia crystalline phase (excluding the monoclinic, cubic, and tetragonal zirconia phases) to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phases in the ceramic particles can be about 0.0005-0.10. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the zirconia crystalline phase (excluding the monoclinic, cubic, and tetragonal zirconia phases) to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase in the ceramic particles can be approximately 0.10, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01, 0.009, 0.008, 0.007, 0.005, 0.004, 0.003, 0.002, 0.001, 0.0009, 0.0008, 0.0007, 0.0006, or 0.0005, etc.

[0054] Ceramic particles have improved resistance to hydrothermal aging, enabling them to maintain stable performance over a long period and extend their service life.

[0055] In one embodiment, after the ceramic particles undergo hydrothermal aging treatment at 140°C for 24 hours, the weight ratio of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase can be less than about 0.40, for example, less than about 0.40, less than 0.39, less than 0.38, less than 0.37, less than 0.36, less than 0.35, less than 0.32, less than 0.30, less than 0.28, less than 0.25, less than 0.22, less than 0.20, less than 0.19, less than 0.18, less than 0.17, less than 0.16, less than 0.15, less than 0.14, less than 0.13, less than 0.12, less than 0.11, less than 0.10, less than 0.09, less than 0.08, less than 0.07, less than 0.06, less than 0.05, less than 0.04, less than 0.03, less than 0.02, or less than 0.01, etc. In one embodiment, after the ceramic particles undergo hydrothermal aging treatment at 140°C for 24 hours, the weight ratio of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase can be about 0.0005 or more, for example, it can be about 0.0005 or more, 0.0010 or more, 0.0050 or more, 0.010 or more, 0.015 or more, 0.02 or more, 0.03 or more, 0.04 or more, 0.05 or more, 0.06 or more, 0.07 or more, 0.08 or more, 0.09 or more, 0.10 or more, 0.15 or more, 0.20 or more, 0.25 or more, 0.30 or more, or 0.35 or more. In another embodiment, after the ceramic particles undergo hydrothermal aging treatment at 140°C for 24 hours, the weight ratio of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase can be about 0.0005-0.40. In another embodiment, after the ceramic particles undergo hydrothermal aging treatment at 140°C for 24 hours, the weight ratio of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase can be approximately 0.40, 0.39, 0.38, 0.36, 0.35, 0.32, 0.30, 0.28, 0.25, 0.22, 0.20, 0.19, 0.18, 0.17, 0.16, 0.15, 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.11, 0.10, 0.09, 0.08, 0.07, 0.06, 0.05, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01, 0.009, 0.005, 0.001, 0.0005, etc.

[0056] In one embodiment, after the ceramic particles undergo hydrothermal aging treatment at 140°C for 24 hours, the ratio of the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase to the weight of zirconia can be approximately 0.90 or more, for example, approximately 0.90 or more, 0.91 or more, 0.92 or more, 0.93 or more, 0.94 or more, 0.95 or more, 0.96 or more, 0.97 or more, 0.98 or more, 0.985 or more, 0.99 or more, 0.995 or more, or 1.00, etc. In another embodiment, after the ceramic particles undergo hydrothermal aging treatment at 140°C for 24 hours, the ratio of the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase to the weight of zirconia can be approximately 0.98 or more. In another embodiment, after the ceramic particles undergo hydrothermal aging treatment at 140°C for 24 hours, the ratio of the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase to the weight of zirconia can be about 1.00 or less, for example, it can be about 1.00 or less, 0.99 or less, 0.98 or less, 0.97 or less, 0.96 or less, 0.95 or less, 0.94 or less, 0.93 or less, 0.92 or less, or 0.91 or less. In another embodiment, after the ceramic particles undergo hydrothermal aging treatment at 140°C for 24 hours, the ratio of the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase to the weight of zirconia can be about 0.90-1.00. In another embodiment, after the ceramic particles undergo hydrothermal aging treatment at 140°C for 24 hours, the ratio of the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase to the weight of zirconia can be about 0.98-1.00. In another embodiment, after the ceramic particles undergo hydrothermal aging treatment at 140°C for 24 hours, the ratio of the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase to the weight of the zirconia can be approximately 0.90, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, or 1.00. Unless otherwise stated, the specific method for subjecting the ceramic particles to hydrothermal aging treatment at 140°C for 24 hours in this application can be found in the Embodiments section of this application.

[0057] density

[0058] The ceramic particles of this application can have a suitable density, which is beneficial for optimizing the performance of the ceramic particles.

[0059] In one embodiment, the true density of the ceramic particles can be approximately 5.00-5.80 g / cm³. 3 For example, it can be approximately 5.00 g / cm³. 3 Above, 5.05 g / cm 3 Above, 5.10 g / cm 3 Above, 5.15 g / cm 3 Above, 5.20 g / cm 3 Above, 5.25 g / cm 3Above, 5.30 g / cm 3 Above, 5.35 g / cm 3 Above, 5.40 g / cm 3 Above, 5.45 g / cm 3 Above, 5.50 g / cm 3 Above, 5.55 g / cm 3 Above, 5.60 g / cm 3 Above, 5.65 g / cm 3 Above, 5.70 g / cm 3 Above, 5.75 g / cm 3 Above or 5.78 g / cm 3 For example, it can be approximately 5.80 g / cm³. 3 Below, 5.78 g / cm 3 Below, 5.75 g / cm 3 Below, 5.70 g / cm 3 Below, 5.65 g / cm 3 Below, 5.60 g / cm 3 Below, 5.55 g / cm 3 Below, 5.50 g / cm 3 Below, 5.40 g / cm 3 Below, 5.30 g / cm 3 Below, 5.20 g / cm 3 Below or 5.10 g / cm 3 The following, etc. In another embodiment, the true density of the ceramic particles can be about 5.00 g / cm³. 3 5.05 g / cm 3 5.10 g / cm 3 5.15 g / cm 3 5.20 g / cm 3 5.25 g / cm 3 5.30 g / cm 3 5.35 g / cm 3 5.40 g / cm 3 5.45 g / cm 3 5.50 g / cm 3 5.55 g / cm 3 5.60 g / cm 3 5.65 g / cm 3 5.70 g / cm 3 5.75 g / cm 3 Or 5.80 g / cm 3In this document, the term "true density" has the meaning conventionally understood in the art, referring to the mass per unit volume of a particulate material in a fully compacted state (excluding all pores and interparticle spaces), characterizing the intrinsic density of the material. Unless otherwise stated, in this application, the true density of ceramic particles can be measured with reference to ISO 12154-2014, and specific measurement methods can be found in the embodiments of this application.

[0060] In one embodiment, the loose packing density of the ceramic particles can be approximately 3.00-3.50 g / cm³. 3 For example, it can be approximately 3.00 g / cm³. 3 Above, 3.05 g / cm 3 Above, 3.10 g / cm 3 Above, 3.15 g / cm 3 Above, 3.20 g / cm 3 Above, 3.25 g / cm 3 Above, 3.30 g / cm 3 Above, 3.35 g / cm 3 Above, 3.40 g / cm 3 Above or 3.45 g / cm 3 For example, it can be approximately 3.50 g / cm³. 3 Below, 3.45 g / cm 3 Below, 3.40 g / cm 3 Below, 3.35 g / cm 3 Below, 3.30 g / cm 3 Below, 3.25 g / cm 3 Below, 3.20 g / cm 3 Below, 3.15 g / cm 3 Below, 3.10 g / cm 3 Below or 3.05 g / cm 3 The following, etc. In another embodiment, the loose packing density of the ceramic particles can be about 3.00 g / cm³. 3 3.05g / cm 3 3.10 g / cm 3 3.15 g / cm 3 3.20 g / cm 3 3.25 g / cm 3 3.30 g / cm 3 3.35 g / cm 3 3.40 g / cm 3 3.45 g / cm 3 Or 3.50 g / cm3 In this document, the term "bulk density" has the meaning conventionally understood in the art and can refer to the mass per unit volume (including inter-particle voids) of granular material in its natural packed state. Unless otherwise stated, in this application, the bulk density of ceramic particles can be measured with reference to GB / T 20316.1-2009, and specific measurement methods can be found in the embodiments of this application.

[0061] Particle size distribution

[0062] The ceramic particles of this application can have a suitable particle size distribution, which is beneficial for optimizing the performance of the ceramic particles. In one embodiment, the median particle size (D50) of the ceramic particles can be about 0.02-10 mm, for example, it can be about 0.02 mm or more, 0.05 mm or more, 0.10 mm or more, 0.2 mm or more, 0.5 mm or more, 0.8 mm or more, 1.0 mm or more, 2 mm or more, 3 mm or more, 4 mm or more, 5 mm or more, 6 mm or more, 7 mm or more, 8 mm or more, 9 mm or more, or 9.5 mm or more, and for example, it can be about 10 mm or less, 9.8 mm or less, 9.5 mm or less, 9.2 mm or less, 9.0 mm or less, 8 mm or less, 7 mm or less, 6 mm or less, 5 mm or less, 4 mm or less, 3 mm or less, 2 mm or less, 1 mm or less, 0.5 mm or less, 0.2 mm or less, 0.1 mm or less, or 0.05 mm or less. In another embodiment, the median particle size of the ceramic particles can be approximately 0.02 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.10 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, 9.5 mm, 9.8 mm, or 10 mm, etc. Unless otherwise stated, in this application, the median particle size (D50) of the ceramic particles can be based on volume percentage, as determined by German standards. Haver The measurements were obtained using the HAVER CPA 2-1 HR device and accompanying software HAVER CpaServ from Boecker, in accordance with ISO 13322-2. For specific measurement methods, please refer to the embodiments section of this application.

[0063] sphericity

[0064] The ceramic particles of this application can have a suitable sphericity, which is beneficial for optimizing the performance of the ceramic particles and improving their working properties. In one embodiment, the ratio of the total volume of particles with a sphericity of 0.8 or higher to the total volume of the ceramic particles can be about 0.85 or higher, for example, about 0.85 or higher, 0.86 or higher, 0.87 or higher, 0.88 or higher, 0.89 or higher, 0.90 or higher, 0.91 or higher, 0.92 or higher, 0.93 or higher, 0.94 or higher, 0.95 or higher, 0.96 or higher, 0.97 or higher, 0.98 or higher, or 0.99 or higher, etc. In another embodiment, the ratio of the total volume of particles with a sphericity of 0.85 or higher to the total volume of ceramic particles can be about 0.85 or higher, for example, about 0.85 or higher, 0.86 or higher, 0.87 or higher, 0.88 or higher, 0.89 or higher, 0.90 or higher, 0.91 or higher, 0.92 or higher, 0.93 or higher, 0.94 or higher, 0.95 or higher, 0.96 or higher, 0.97 or higher, 0.98 or higher, or 0.99 or higher. In another embodiment, the ratio of the total volume of particles with a sphericity of 0.90 or higher to the total volume of ceramic particles, based on the total number of ceramic particles, can be about 0.85 or higher, for example, about 0.85 or higher, 0.86 or higher, 0.87 or higher, 0.88 or higher, 0.89 or higher, 0.90 or higher, 0.91 or higher, 0.92 or higher, 0.93 or higher, 0.94 or higher, 0.95 or higher, 0.96 or higher, 0.97 or higher, 0.98 or higher, or 0.99 or higher, etc. In another embodiment, the ratio of the total volume of particles with a sphericity of 0.95 or higher to the total volume of ceramic particles, based on the total number of ceramic particles, can be about 0.85 or higher, for example, about 0.85 or higher, 0.86 or higher, 0.87 or higher, 0.88 or higher, 0.89 or higher, 0.90 or higher, 0.91 or higher, 0.92 or higher, 0.93 or higher, 0.94 or higher, 0.95 or higher, 0.96 or higher, 0.97 or higher, 0.98 or higher, or 0.99 or higher. Unless otherwise stated, in this application, the sphericity of the ceramic particles can be obtained by using the HAVER CPA 2-1 HR equipment and accompanying software HAVER CpaServ from Haver & Boecker GmbH, Germany, with reference to ISO 13322-2. Specific measurement methods can be found in the embodiments section of this application.

[0065] Mechanical properties

[0066] The ceramic particles of this application can have suitable mechanical properties (such as hardness, toughness, impact resistance, etc.), which is beneficial to the working performance and service life of the ceramic particles and enriches their application scenarios.

[0067] The ceramic particles of this application can possess high hardness, which is beneficial for improving their working performance, expanding their application scenarios, and extending their service life. Higher hardness ceramic particles are advantageous for processing various materials. For the processing of hard materials (e.g., grinding hard materials such as alumina, ceramic inks, etc.), the ceramic particles of this application can also achieve improved processing results. In one embodiment, the average Vickers hardness of the ceramic particles can be approximately 1250 HV or higher, for example, 1250 HV or higher, 1280 HV or higher, 1300 HV or higher, 1320 HV or higher, 1350 HV or higher, 1400 HV or higher, 1450 HV or higher, 1500 HV or higher, 1550 HV or higher, or 1600 HV or higher. In another embodiment, the average Vickers hardness of the ceramic particles can be approximately 1400 HV or higher. Unless otherwise stated, in this application, the average Vickers hardness of the ceramic particles can be obtained using a Vickers hardness tester (Buehler VH1102) with reference to the "Standard Test Method for Vickers Indentation Hardness of Advanced Ceramics" ASTM C1327–15 (2019). DOI: 10.1520 / C1327-15R19. For specific measurement methods, please refer to the embodiments of this application.

[0068] The ceramic particles of this application can have good impact resistance, which is beneficial for improving the working performance of the ceramic particles, expanding the application scenarios, and extending the service life. In one embodiment, the ceramic particles can have an impact breakage rate of less than about 30%, for example, less than 30%, less than 29%, less than 28%, less than 27%, less than 26%, less than 25%, less than 22%, less than 20%, less than 18%, less than 15%, less than 12%, less than 10%, less than 8%, less than 7%, less than 6%, less than 5%, less than 4.8%, less than 4.5%, less than 4.2%, less than 4.0%, less than 3.8%, less than 3.5%, less than 3.2%, less than 3.0%, less than 2.8%, less than 2.5%, less than 2.0%, less than 1.5%, less than 1.0%, or less than 0.5%, etc. In another embodiment, the impact breakage rate of the ceramic particles can be approximately 30%, 29%, 28%, 27%, 26%, 25%, 22%, 20%, 18%, 15%, 12%, 10%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4.8%, 4.5%, 4.2%, 4.0%, 3.8%, 3.5%, 3.2%, 3.0%, 2.8%, 2.5%, 2.0%, 1.5%, 1.0%, or 0.5%. Unless otherwise stated, in this application, the impact breakage rate of the ceramic particles can be obtained by measuring the impact rate using a spray gun projection test; specific measurement methods can be found in the embodiments of this application.

[0069] Self-wear-resistant properties

[0070] The ceramic particles of this application can possess improved self-wear resistance, which is beneficial to the working performance and service life of the ceramic particles and expands their application scenarios. In one embodiment, the ceramic particles can have a self-wear resistance of less than 5%, for example, less than 5%, less than 4.8%, less than 4.5%, less than 4.2%, less than 4.0%, less than 3.5%, less than 3.0%, less than 2.5%, less than 2.0%, less than 1.8%, less than 1.5%, less than 1.2%, less than 1.0%, less than 0.8%, less than 0.5%, less than 0.4%, less than 0.3%, less than 0.2%, or less than 0.1%, etc. In one embodiment, the self-wear resistance of the ceramic particles can be approximately 5%, 4.8%, 4.5%, 4.2%, 4.0%, 3.5%, 3.0%, 2.5%, 2.0%, 1.8%, 1.5%, 1.2%, 1.0%, 0.8%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, or 0.1%, etc. Unless otherwise stated, in this application, the self-wear resistance of the ceramic particles can be obtained by rapid planetary mill testing; specific measurement methods can be found in the embodiments of this application.

[0071] Wear resistance of iron phosphate / lithium carbonate

[0072] The ceramic particles of this application can possess improved iron phosphate / lithium carbonate grinding wear rate, which is beneficial to the working performance and service life of the ceramic particles. In particular, the improved iron phosphate / lithium carbonate grinding wear rate is beneficial for the processing of ceramic materials with mixed slurries of iron phosphate and lithium carbonate. In one embodiment, the ceramic particles can have an iron phosphate / lithium carbonate grinding wear rate of less than about 0.2% / h, for example, less than about 0.2% / h, less than 0.15% / h, less than 0.1% / h, less than 0.09% / h, less than 0.08% / h, less than 0.07% / h, less than 0.06% / h, less than 0.05% / h, less than 0.04% / h, less than 0.03% / h, less than 0.02% / h, less than 0.01% / h, or less than 0.005% / h, etc. In another embodiment, the wear resistance of the ceramic particles with iron phosphate / lithium carbonate can be approximately 0.2% / h, 0.1% / h, 0.09% / h, 0.08% / h, 0.07% / h, 0.06% / h, 0.05% / h, 0.04% / h, 0.03% / h, 0.02% / h, 0.01% / h, 0.008% / h, 0.006% / h, or 0.005% / h, etc. Unless otherwise stated, in this application, the wear resistance of the ceramic particles with iron phosphate / lithium carbonate can be obtained by sand mill testing; specific measurement methods can be found in the embodiments of this application.

[0073] Alumina wear resistance

[0074] The ceramic particles of this application can have improved alumina wear resistance. Alumina Grinding Wear RateThis is beneficial to the working performance and service life of the ceramic particles. In particular, the improved alumina wear resistance is beneficial to the processing of alumina slurry by ceramic materials. In one embodiment, the ceramic particles may have an alumina wear resistance of less than about 3% / h, for example, less than about 3% / h, less than 2.5% / h, less than 2.0% / h, less than 1.5% / h, less than 1.0% / h, less than 0.8% / h, less than 0.6% / h, less than 0.5% / h, less than 0.4% / h, less than 0.2% / h, less than 0.1% / h, or less than 0.05% / h. In another embodiment, the alumina wear resistance of the ceramic particles may be about 3% / h, 2.5% / h, 2.0% / h, 1.5% / h, 1.0% / h, 0.8% / h, 0.5% / h, 0.4% / h, 0.2% / h, 0.1% / h, or 0.05% / h. Unless otherwise stated, the alumina grinding performance of the ceramic particles in this application can be obtained through sand mill testing, and specific measurement methods can be found in the embodiments of this application. In this application, the composition and structure of the ceramic particles can be well matched, thereby optimizing the performance of the ceramic particles. This is beneficial to improving the working performance and service life of the ceramic particles and enriching their application scenarios.

[0075] Raw material composition

[0076] On the other hand, this application provides a raw material composition for preparing the ceramic particles of this application. The raw material composition may include oxides and / or precursors thereof included in the ceramic particles (e.g., substances that, upon heat treatment, form corresponding oxides in the ceramic particles). The oxides in the ceramic particles are typically derived from their corresponding oxides and / or precursors in the raw material composition, so the raw material composition can be adjusted according to the content of each oxide in the prepared ceramic particles. For example, one or more raw materials can be calcined (e.g., at 1000°C), and the content of each oxide in the calcined product can be measured using X-ray fluorescence analysis or inductively coupled plasma analysis to calculate the amount of each oxide in the ceramic particles that can be provided by a unit mass of raw material (e.g., 100 g of raw material). Thus, the raw materials can be appropriately proportioned according to the target content of each oxide in the ceramic particles to provide the raw material composition.

[0077] In one embodiment, the raw material composition may include zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide, and / or precursors of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide, which can form corresponding oxides (i.e., zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide) in ceramic particles after heat treatment. As mentioned above, zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide are major components in ceramic particles, and the raw materials can be appropriately proportioned according to the target content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide in the ceramic particles. In another embodiment, the zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide and / or their precursors in the raw material composition may be derived from one or more combinations of raw materials such as commercially available products of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide, commercially available products containing zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide, and recycled materials containing zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide.

[0078] In one embodiment, the raw material composition may include alumina and / or its precursors, which can form the corresponding oxide (i.e., alumina) in the ceramic particles after heat treatment. As mentioned above, alumina is a major component in the ceramic particles, and the raw materials can be appropriately proportioned according to the target alumina content in the ceramic particles. In another embodiment, the alumina and / or its precursors in the raw material composition may be derived from one or more combinations of raw materials such as commercially available alumina products, commercially available alumina-containing products, and recycled materials containing alumina.

[0079] In one embodiment, the raw material composition may include yttrium oxide and / or its precursors, which can form corresponding oxides (i.e., yttrium oxide) in ceramic particles after heat treatment. As mentioned above, yttrium oxide is a major component in the ceramic particles, and the raw materials can be appropriately proportioned according to the target yttrium oxide content in the ceramic particles. In another embodiment, the yttrium oxide and / or its precursors in the raw material composition may be derived from one or more combinations of raw materials such as commercially available yttrium oxide products, commercially available products containing yttrium oxide, and recycled materials containing yttrium oxide.

[0080] In one embodiment, the raw material composition may include other metal oxides (e.g., cerium oxide, iron oxide, silicon oxide, etc.) and / or their precursors, which can form the corresponding oxides in the ceramic particles after heat treatment. As described above, the raw materials can be appropriately proportioned according to the target content of other oxides in the ceramic particles. In another embodiment of this application, the other metal oxides and / or their precursors in the raw material composition may be derived from one or more combinations of raw materials such as commercially available cerium oxide products, commercially available cerium oxide-containing products, recycled cerium oxide-containing materials, commercially available silicon dioxide products, commercially available silicon dioxide-containing products, recycled silicon dioxide-containing materials, commercially available iron oxide products, commercially available iron oxide-containing products, and recycled iron oxide-containing materials.

[0081] In another embodiment, the raw material composition may further include a dispersion medium (e.g., water) and / or a dispersant. The ceramic particles need to have a suitable morphology (e.g., particle size, sphericity, etc.), which is closely related to the morphology of the green body particles (e.g., particles not subjected to heat treatment). The morphology of the green body particles is adjustable; for example, the morphology of the green body particles can be adjusted by adjusting the water and / or dispersant content, the type of dispersant, etc., to regulate the water content, dispersibility, etc., of the raw material composition. For example, the water content in the raw material composition, by weight of the total raw material composition, may be about 15 wt.% or more, 20 wt.% or more, 25 wt.% or more, 30 wt.% or more, 35 wt.% or more, or 40 wt.% or more. As another example, the water content in the raw material composition, by weight of the total raw material composition, may be about 50 wt.% or less, 45 wt.% or less, 40 wt.% or less, 35 wt.% or less, 30 wt.% or less, or 25 wt.% or less. For example, based on the total weight of the raw material composition, the content of the dispersant in the above-mentioned raw material composition may be about 0.5 wt.% or more, 1 wt.% or more, 2 wt.% or more, 4 wt.% or more, 6 wt.% or more, or 8 wt.% or more. For example, based on the total weight of the raw material composition, the content of the dispersant in the above-mentioned raw material composition may be about 10 wt.% or less, 8 wt.% or less, 6 wt.% or less, 4 wt.% or less, 2 wt.% or less, or 1 wt.% or less. For example, the above-mentioned dispersant may include one or more combinations of organic dispersants, inorganic dispersants, etc. For example, the above-mentioned organic dispersant may include carboxylic acid ester organic dispersants, etc. For example, the above-mentioned inorganic dispersant may include inorganic phosphates, etc.

[0082] The raw material composition can include recycled materials, which can reduce the cost of ceramic particles and reduce the carbon footprint, offering advantages in environmental friendliness. In one embodiment, the recycled material can be recycled yttrium-stabilized zirconia. The recycled yttrium-stabilized zirconia can contain zirconia and hafnium oxide, alumina, yttrium oxide, and may also include silica and / or iron oxide. In one embodiment, the D100 of the recycled yttrium-stabilized zirconia is below 250 μm, for example, below 250 μm, below 220 μm, below 200 μm, below 180 μm, below 150 μm, below 120 μm, or below 100 μm, etc. In one embodiment, the ratio of the weight of the recycled material to the total weight of the solid components of the raw material composition may be approximately 0.01 or more, 0.1 or more, 0.15 or more, 0.2 or more, 0.25 or more, 0.3 or more, 0.35 or more, 0.4 or more, 0.45 or more, 0.5 or more, 0.55 or more, 0.6 or more, 0.65 or more, 0.7 or more, 0.75 or more, 0.8 or more, 0.85 or more, 0.9 or more, or 0.95 or more. In another embodiment, the ratio of the weight of the recycled material to the total weight of the solid components of the raw material composition may be less than about 0.99, less than 0.90, less than 0.85, less than 0.8, less than 0.75, less than 0.7, less than 0.65, less than 0.6, less than 0.55, less than 0.5, less than 0.45, less than 0.4, less than 0.35, less than 0.3, less than 0.25, less than 0.2, less than 0.15, less than 0.1, less than 0.05, etc. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the recycled material to the total weight of the zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide and / or their precursors in the feedstock composition may be more than 0.01, more than 0.1, more than 0.15, more than 0.2, more than 0.25, more than 0.3, more than 0.35, more than 0.4, more than 0.45, more than 0.5, more than 0.55, more than 0.6, more than 0.65, more than 0.7, more than 0.75, more than 0.8, more than 0.85, more than 0.9, or more than 0.95. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of recycled material to the total weight of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide and / or their precursors in the feedstock composition may be less than about 0.99, less than 0.90, less than 0.85, less than 0.8, less than 0.75, less than 0.7, less than 0.65, less than 0.6, less than 0.55, less than 0.5, less than 0.45, less than 0.4, less than 0.35, less than 0.3, less than 0.25, less than 0.2, less than 0.15, less than 0.1, less than 0.05, etc.In another embodiment, the weight ratio of the recovered material to the total weight of the yttrium oxide and / or its precursor in the feedstock composition may be approximately 0.01 or more, 0.1 or more, 0.15 or more, 0.2 or more, 0.25 or more, 0.3 or more, 0.35 or more, 0.4 or more, 0.45 or more, 0.5 or more, 0.55 or more, 0.6 or more, 0.65 or more, 0.7 or more, 0.75 or more, 0.8 or more, 0.85 or more, 0.9 or more, or 0.95 or more. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of recycled material to the total weight of yttrium oxide and / or its precursors in the feedstock composition may be less than about 0.99, less than 0.90, less than 0.85, less than 0.8, less than 0.75, less than 0.7, less than 0.65, less than 0.6, less than 0.55, less than 0.5, less than 0.45, less than 0.4, less than 0.35, less than 0.3, less than 0.25, less than 0.2, less than 0.15, less than 0.1, less than 0.05, etc. In another embodiment, based on the weight of silica in the ceramic particles, about 50 wt.% or more, 55 wt.% or more, 60 wt.% or more, 65 wt.% or more, 70 wt.% or more, 75 wt.% or more, 80 wt.% or more, 85 wt.% or more, 90 wt.% or more, 95 wt.% or more, or substantially all of the silica is derived from recycled material. In yet another embodiment, based on the weight of iron oxide in the ceramic particles, approximately 50 wt.% or more, 55 wt.% or more, 60 wt.% or more, 65 wt.% or more, 70 wt.% or more, 75 wt.% or more, 80 wt.% or more, 85 wt.% or more, 90 wt.% or more, 95 wt.% or more, or substantially all of the iron oxide, is derived from recycled materials. In yet another embodiment, based on the total weight of silica and iron oxide in the ceramic particles, approximately 50 wt.% or more, 55 wt.% or more, 60 wt.% or more, 65 wt.% or more, 70 wt.% or more, 75 wt.% or more, 80 wt.% or more, 85 wt.% or more, 90 wt.% or more, 95 wt.% or more, or substantially all of the silica and iron oxide, are derived from recycled materials.

[0083] Preparation method

[0084] On the other hand, this application provides a method for preparing ceramic particles, which includes the following steps: providing a raw material composition; optionally, molding to provide green body particles; optionally, washing and / or drying the green body particles; and sintering.

[0085] The raw material composition of this application can be provided in a certain proportion according to the composition of ceramic particles. In one embodiment, the raw material composition can be mixed uniformly by conventional methods in the art, such as stirring or mechanical mixing. In one embodiment, the raw material composition can be ground. In one embodiment, the median particle size of the solid particles in the ground raw material composition can be about 0.05-0.4 μm, for example, it can be about 0.05 μm or more, 0.10 μm or more, 0.15 μm or more, 0.20 μm or more, 0.25 μm or more, 0.30 μm or more, 0.35 μm or more, or 0.38 μm or more, etc., and for example, it can be about 0.40 μm or less, 0.38 μm or less, 0.35 μm or less, 0.32 μm or less, 0.30 μm or less, 0.25 μm or less, 0.20 μm or less, 0.15 μm or less, 0.10 μm or less, or 0.08 μm or less. In another embodiment, the median particle size of the solid particles in the ground raw material composition may be about 0.05 μm, 0.10 μm, 0.15 μm, 0.20 μm, 0.25 μm, 0.30 μm, 0.35 μm, 0.38 μm or 0.40 μm, etc.

[0086] In one alternative embodiment, the raw material composition is shaped to provide green body particles. The morphology of the ceramic particles can be adjusted by controlling the shape of the green body particles. Generally, those skilled in the art can select a suitable molding process to provide the desired green body particles from the raw material composition. For example, the molding process can be drop casting, etc.

[0087] In an optional implementation, the preform particles are washed and / or dried. Washing the preform particles removes unwanted impurities, such as impurity ions adsorbed on the particle surface. Drying the preform particles removes low-boiling-point components, such as dispersion media (e.g., water), dispersants, etc., ensuring the stability and reliability of subsequent processing of the preform particles. There are no particular limitations on the temperature and method of drying, as long as the drying process proceeds smoothly to ensure that the particle shape is substantially unaffected. For example, drying can be carried out at temperatures above approximately 70°C, above approximately 75°C, or above approximately 80°C. Alternatively, drying can be carried out at temperatures below approximately 100°C, below approximately 95°C, below approximately 90°C, below approximately 85°C, or below approximately 80°C.

[0088] Sintering refers to the process of sintering particulate materials (e.g., green body particles, green body particles after washing and / or drying) through heat treatment. After heat treatment, the particulate material can be sintered to form ceramic particles. Suitable heat treatment conditions can improve the properties of the ceramic particles. In one embodiment, the sintering process can be performed at temperatures above about 1150°C, above about 1200°C, above about 1250°C, above about 1300°C, above about 1350°C, above about 1400°C, above about 1450°C, or above about 1500°C. In another embodiment, sintering can be performed at temperatures below about 1600°C, below about 1550°C, below about 1500°C, below about 1450°C, below about 1400°C, below about 1350°C, or below about 1300°C.

[0089] Sandblasting media, abrasive media, composite wear-resistant component inserts

[0090] On the other hand, this application provides the use of ceramic particles as blasting media, grinding media, or embeddings in composite wear-resistant parts.

[0091] The ceramic particles provided in this application can be used as a sandblasting medium, suitable for sandblasting processes of various material surface treatments. In the sandblasting process, ceramic particles are sprayed at high speed onto the surface of the material to be treated for surface treatment (e.g., removing oxide layers, dirt, and adjusting roughness). Compared with traditional sandblasting media, the ceramic particles of this application, due to their improved properties (such as mechanical properties and wear resistance), are less prone to breakage, which helps ensure the consistency of sandblasting results, reduces the mixing of impurities caused by media breakage and wear during the sandblasting process, thereby improving processing quality and reducing the defect rate and production costs.

[0092] On the other hand, this application provides a blasting medium comprising the ceramic particles of this application. The ceramic particles of this application can be used alone as a blasting medium or in combination with one or more other blasting media. For example, based on the total weight of the blasting medium, the content of the ceramic particles of this application in the blasting medium can be approximately 80 wt.% or more, 85 wt.% or more, 90 wt.% or more, 95 wt.% or more, or 99 wt.% or more, etc. On the other hand, this application provides a surface treatment method comprising: projecting the aforementioned ceramic particles or the aforementioned blasting medium onto the surface of an application object. For example, the aforementioned application object may include metals, etc. Furthermore, the metals involved may include, but are not limited to, titanium (Ti) alloys, aluminum (Al) alloys, stainless steel, etc.

[0093] The ceramic particles of this application can be used as grinding media in grinding processes. During the grinding process, the ceramic particles, with their improved properties (such as mechanical properties and wear resistance), efficiently grind and refine materials, maintaining stable grinding efficiency and a low self-wear rate. This not only extends the replacement cycle of the grinding media and reduces production costs, but also reduces foreign matter contamination caused by grinding media wear, ensuring the purity of the ground products.

[0094] The ceramic particles of this application are suitable for grinding various materials (e.g., TiO2, Al2O3, iron phosphate and lithium carbonate, lithium iron phosphate, coatings, ceramics, inks, minerals, dyes, etc.), and have advantages such as high grinding efficiency, low wear, and low impurity introduction. Compared with existing grinding media, the ceramic particles of this application have the following advantages: 1. Compared with Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 beads, the ceramic particles of this application have superior mechanical and wear properties, such as higher hardness and lower wear rate, and can also avoid the problem of zirconium oxide impurity residue, making them suitable for fields sensitive to zirconium oxide and / or zirconium. 2. The ceramic particles of this application contain a limited content of cerium oxide and / or cerium element, or are essentially free of cerium oxide and / or cerium element, making them suitable for fields sensitive to cerium oxide and / or cerium element. Furthermore, the ceramic particles of this application have superior mechanical and wear properties, such as higher hardness and lower wear rate. During the grinding process, they can not only achieve the same or higher grinding efficiency as Al2O3-toughened Y2O3 / CeO2 co-stabilized zirconia grinding beads, but also have lower wear.

[0095] On the other hand, this application provides an abrasive medium comprising the ceramic particles of this application. The ceramic particles of this application can be used alone as an abrasive medium or in combination with one or more other abrasive media. For example, based on the total weight of the abrasive medium, the content of the ceramic particles of this application in the abrasive medium can be approximately 80 wt.% or more, 85 wt.% or more, 90 wt.% or more, 95 wt.% or more, or 99 wt.% or more, etc. On the other hand, this application provides a grinding method comprising: mixing an application material with the aforementioned ceramic particles or with the aforementioned abrasive medium, and then grinding it. For example, the aforementioned application material may include, but is not limited to, coatings, minerals (e.g., Al2O3, iron phosphate and lithium carbonate, zinc concentrate, etc.), inks, dyes, etc.

[0096] The ceramic particles of this application can be used as embeddings in composite wear-resistant components to improve the overall wear resistance of the components and extend their service life. When embedded in composite wear-resistant components, the ceramic particles, with their excellent improving properties (such as mechanical properties and wear resistance), can enhance the overall wear resistance of the components and effectively resist high-wear working environments.

[0097] On the other hand, this application provides a composite wear-resistant component comprising a metal matrix and an insert, the insert of which may contain ceramic particles of this application. The insert may contain only the ceramic particles of this application, or it may further contain one or more other inserts. For example, based on the total volume of the composite wear-resistant component, the content of the aforementioned ceramic particles in the composite wear-resistant component may be approximately 20 v / v% or more, 25 v / v% or more, 30 v / v% or more, 35 v / v% or more, 40 v / v% or more, 45 v / v% or more, 50 v / v% or more, 55 v / v% or more, 60 v / v% or more, 65 v / v% or more, 70 v / v% or more, 75 v / v% or more, 80 v / v% or more, or 85 v / v% or more. For example, based on the total volume of the composite wear-resistant component, the content of the aforementioned ceramic particles in the composite wear-resistant component can be approximately 90 v / v% or less, 85 v / v% or less, 80 v / v% or less, 75 v / v% or less, 70 v / v% or less, 65 v / v% or less, 60 v / v% or less, 55 v / v% or less, 50 v / v% or less, 45 v / v% or less, 40 v / v% or less, 35 v / v% or less, or 30 v / v% or less. For example, based on the total volume of the composite wear-resistant component, the content of the metal matrix in the composite wear-resistant component can be approximately 20 v / v% or more, 25 v / v% or more, 30 v / v% or more, 35 v / v% or more, 40 v / v% or more, 45 v / v% or more, 50 v / v% or more, 55 v / v% or more, 60 v / v% or more, 65 v / v% or more, 70 v / v% or more, 75 v / v% or more, 80 v / v% or more, or 85 v / v% or more. For example, based on the total volume of the composite wear-resistant component, the content of the metal matrix in the composite wear-resistant component can be less than approximately 90 v / v%, less than 85 v / v%, less than 80 v / v%, less than 75 v / v%, less than 70 v / v%, less than 65 v / v%, less than 60 v / v%, less than 55 v / v%, less than 50 v / v%, less than 45 v / v%, less than 40 v / v%, less than 35 v / v%, or less than 30 v / v%. For example, the metal matrix may include alloys, etc. Large-sized wear-resistant components used in equipment such as grinding equipment, crushing equipment, or abrasive material conveying equipment typically require high overall mechanical properties, as well as high wear resistance and ductility. Since these two properties are difficult to reconcile in the same material, a composite wear-resistant component comprising a metal matrix and an insert has been proposed. The ceramic particles provided in this application can be used as inserts in the preparation of the aforementioned composite wear-resistant components.The ceramic particles provided in this application can possess good mechanical properties, good wear resistance, and a suitable density, thus they can be used as inserts to form composite wear-resistant parts. The resulting composite wear-resistant parts can simultaneously possess good wear resistance and ductility. For example, the aforementioned composite wear-resistant parts can be included in equipment such as grinding equipment, crushing equipment, or abrasive material conveying equipment.

[0098] Beneficial effects

[0099] The ceramic particles of this application have a suitable composition and structure, enabling improved performance (e.g., mechanical properties, wear resistance). Therefore, the ceramic particles of this application are suitable as media (e.g., sandblasting media, abrasive media) in the field of materials processing, or as embeddings in composite wear-resistant components. In practical applications, the ceramic particles of this application and products containing them can achieve excellent materials processing results, and also have advantages such as long service life and low overall cost.

[0100] The ceramic particles of this application contain a limited amount of cerium oxide and / or cerium element, or substantially do not contain cerium oxide and / or cerium element, and can be used in fields sensitive to cerium oxide and cerium element.

[0101] Example

[0102] The solution of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0103] It should be noted that the following embodiments are merely examples to clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit this application. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here, and any obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this application. Unless otherwise specified, the instruments, equipment, and reagents used herein are commercially available.

[0104] Example 1

[0105] 80 parts by weight of yttrium-stabilized zirconia powder (yttrium content approximately 5.4 wt.%, D100 below 250 μm) and 20 parts by weight of α-alumina powder (α-alumina content >93 wt.%) were dispersed in deionized water, and a carboxylic acid ester dispersant was added and thoroughly mixed to obtain a suspension. The suspension was ground in a sand mill to obtain a slurry. The slurry was then drop-cast to obtain preform particles. The preform particles were washed and dried in an oven. The dried preform particles were then sintered in a muffle furnace to obtain sample 1.

[0106] Example 2

[0107] 80 parts by weight of yttrium-stabilized zirconia powder (yttrium content approximately 6.0 wt.%, D100 below 250 μm) and 20 parts by weight of α-alumina powder (α-alumina content >93 wt.%) were dispersed in deionized water, and a carboxylic acid ester dispersant was added and thoroughly mixed to obtain a suspension. The suspension was ground in a sand mill to obtain a slurry. The slurry was then drop-cast to obtain preform particles. The preform particles were washed and dried in an oven. The dried preform particles were then sintered in a muffle furnace to obtain sample 2.

[0108] Example 3

[0109] Oxide Contents

[0110] The 5 g sample to be tested was ground into powder of less than 200 mesh using a disc mill; Weigh 0.5 g of the sample powder to be tested and mix it with 3 g of lithium tetraborate in a platinum crucible. Melt the mixture at 1300℃ using a PHOENIX VFD Fusion Machine to obtain a completely clear glass flake. Place the flake in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker, add deionized water and 25 ml of hydrochloric acid, and heat until the glass flake is completely dissolved. Make up the volume to 250 ml with deionized water, then perform serial dilutions to the appropriate concentration. Perform ICP quantitative analysis using an Agilent 5110 instrument to measure the content of oxides such as Y₂O₃, SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, and CeO₂ in each sample. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0111] Weigh 0.8 g of the powder of the sample to be tested, mix it with 6.4 g of Li2B4O7, melt the sample (1150℃), and after cooling, prepare a glass slab. The contents of ZrO2, HfO2 and Al2O3 in each sample are measured by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0112] Table 1

[0113] Example 4

[0114] Crystal phase (Phase Structure)

[0115] The crystalline phases present in the sample were measured using X-ray diffraction analysis. The equipment used was a PANalytical Empyrean diffractometer. The test results are shown in Table 2. Specific testing and characterization methods are as follows: The device is used to acquire diffraction patterns within a 2θ angle range of 5° to 120°, with a step size of 0.026° and a counting time of 100 seconds per step. The incident beam optics include a ¼° programmable divergence slit, a 0.04 rad Soller slit, a 10 mm shield, and a ½° fixed antiscattering slit. The sample is rotated around itself to constrain the preferred orientation. The diffraction beam optics include a ¼° fixed programmable antiscattering slit and a 0.04 rad Soller slit.

[0116] The diffraction pattern was then qualitatively analyzed using Highscore Plus software and the PDF-5+2025 database, and data from the PANalytical Empyrean system were also analyzed.

[0117] Once the current stage is highlighted, the diffraction pattern is quantitatively analyzed using Rietveld-refined High Score Plus software, following this strategy:

[0118] (1) Use the “Processing” function to “Determine Background” to refine the background signal. The following options are available: “Bending Coefficient” equals 0, “Interval Points” equals 21.

[0119] (2) Then, automatic refinement is performed by selecting a specific background signal.

[0120] (3) Finally, if the automatic function does not do this, the Caglioti parameters W and V for all stages are manually refined simultaneously. In this case, “W” and “V” are selected for all stages, and refinement is performed again. The result is only retained if the “goodness of fit” parameter of the second optimization is lower than that of the first optimization.

[0121] The amount of amorphous phase in the sample was measured using X-ray diffraction analysis. The equipment used was a PANalytical Empyrean diffractometer. The test results are shown in Table 2. Specific testing and characterization methods are as follows: The diffraction pattern was acquired using the same method as for determining the crystalline phase present in the beads, and the analyzed sample was provided in powder form. This method uses a 100% crystalline standard as an external standard, in this case LaB6. The absolute weight percentage of each stage was then calculated using the following formula: Weight i[%] = Scale i (ZMV)i μsample / K Scale i represents the Rietveld scale factor. Z represents the number of molecules in the unit cell of the i-th phase (No. of formula units in unit cell). M represents the molar mass of the i-th phase (formula unit). V represents the unit cell volume of the i-th phase. μsample represents the mass absorption coefficient of the sample (to X-rays), and K represents the instrument intensity constant. The remaining difference from 100% is the weight percentage of the amorphous material.

[0122] As shown in Table 2, the XRD direct quantitative analysis results mainly reflect the relative proportions between the various phases.

[0123] Table 2

[0124] The content of each crystalline phase in the ceramic particles was further calculated using the following method. The analysis method for the alumina crystalline phase is as follows: Based on the absolute content of alumina in the sample provided by the XRF test results, the weight percentage of alumina obtained by XRF measurement in Table 1 is used as the total constraint. The alumina crystalline phases measured by XRD in Table 2 are normalized and corrected as shown in Equation (1). That is, the total weight fraction of alumina is allocated according to the proportion of each phase in the XRD results, so as to obtain the normalized weight percentage of each alumina crystalline phase. The measurement results are shown in Table 3.

[0125] Equation (1) This represents the weight percentage of the i-th item after normalization. This represents the weight percentage of the i-th item in the XRD result; This indicates the weight percentage of alumina in the XRD results.

[0126] This indicates the weight percentage of alumina in the XRF results.

[0127] The analytical method for the crystalline phase of zirconium oxide is as follows: Based on the XRF test results, the absolute contents of ZrO2, HfO2 and Y2O3 in the sample are provided. The total amount is constrained by the sum of the weight percentage of ZrO2 and HfO2 obtained by XRF measurement and the weight percentage of Y2O3 obtained by ICP measurement in Table 1. The amorphous phase, c-ZrO2, t-ZrO2 and m-ZrO2 measured by XRD in Table 2 are normalized and corrected as shown in Equation (2). That is, according to the proportion of each phase in the XRD results, the total weight fraction of ZrO2, HfO2 and Y2O3 is allocated to obtain the normalized weight percentage of each zirconium-based phase. The measurement results are shown in Table 3.

[0128] Equation (2) This represents the weight percentage of the i-th item after normalization. This represents the weight percentage of the i-th item in the XRD result; This indicates the weight percentage of the amorphous phase in the XRD results; This indicates the weight percentage of cubic zirconium oxide in the XRD results; This indicates the weight percentage of tetragonal zirconium oxide in the XRD results; This indicates the weight percentage of monoclinic zirconium oxide in the XRD results; This indicates the weight percentage of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide in the XRF results; This indicates the weight percentage of yttrium oxide in the ICP results.

[0129] The test results show that the sample of this application has a high content of crystalline phase, and that c-ZrO2, t-ZrO2, m-ZrO2, and α-Al2O3 each have appropriate contents in the sample of this application.

[0130] Table 3

[0131] Example 5

[0132] True Density

[0133] Referring to ISO 12154-2014, a certain amount of the sample to be tested was taken, and the true density was measured. The test results are shown in Table 4. The test results show that the sample of this application has a suitable true density.

[0134] Bulk Density

[0135] Referring to GB / T 20316.1-2009, a certain amount of the sample to be tested was loaded into a fixed container of volume V, and the mass m1 of the loaded sample was weighed. The loose density was calculated as m1 / V. The inner diameter of the cylindrical outlet was selected based on the median particle size of the sample during measurement. The test results are shown in Table 4. The test results show that the sample of this application has a suitable loose density.

[0136] Particle Size

[0137] A 100 g sample was tested using a HAVER CPA 2-1 HR instrument and HAVER CpaServ software from Haver & Boecker GmbH, Germany. The median particle size (D50) of the sample was measured based on volume percentage, according to ISO 13322-2. The measurement principle was digital imaging technology. The test results are shown in Table 4. The results show that the sample of this application has a suitable median particle size. Furthermore, the particle size of the sample exhibits good reproducibility, allowing for relatively accurate control of particle size (e.g., median particle size).

[0138] Sphericity

[0139] A 100 g sample was tested using a HAVER CPA 2-1 HR instrument and HAVER CpaServ software from Haver & Boecker GmbH, Germany, according to ISO 13322-2, to measure and characterize the sphericity and sphericity distribution of the sample. The measurement principle was digital imaging technology. The test results are shown in Table 4. The test results show that the sample of this application has suitable sphericity and sphericity distribution. In the sample of this application, the proportion of particles with ≤0.85 sphericity is small, and the overall sphericity and sphericity distribution are suitable.

[0140] Table 4

[0141] Example 6

[0142] Hydrothermal Aging Performance

[0143] After hydrothermal aging of the samples at 140℃ for 24 hours, 10 g of the hydrothermally aged samples were taken as the test samples. The crystal phase composition of each sample was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Instrument: X'Pert (PANalytical); Analysis conditions: from 5° to 120° in 2θ, step of 0.0167°, 50 s. The results were analyzed using HighScore Plus software and the ICDD (The International Centre for Diffraction Data) database, and the content of each crystal phase in the ceramic particles was calculated according to the method in Example 4.

[0144] The sample of this application exhibits improved resistance to hydrothermal aging. After hydrothermal aging treatment, the weight percentages of monoclinic zirconia phase and stabilized zirconia phase corresponding to the total weight of ceramic particles in sample S2 of this application are as follows, wherein the weight percentage of stabilized zirconia phase is the sum of the weight percentages of cubic zirconia phase and tetragonal zirconia phase. It can be seen that after hydrothermal aging treatment, the content of monoclinic zirconia phase in S2 only increases to a limited extent, and both monoclinic zirconia and stabilized zirconia phases still maintain appropriate proportions.

[0145] Table 5

[0146] Example 7

[0147] Hardness

[0148] A 100 g sample was taken and tested using a Buehler VH1102 Vickers hardness tester, following the "Standard Test Method for Advanced Ceramic Vickers Indentation Hardness" ASTM C1327-15 (2019). DOI: 10.1520 / C1327-15R19. The Vickers hardness of a single ceramic particle is the single-sphere Vickers hardness. The average of the single-sphere Vickers hardness of multiple individual ceramic particles (10 randomly selected) is the average Vickers hardness of the sample under test, and their standard deviations are calculated. The test results are shown in Table 6. The test results show that the sample of this application has excellent hardness.

[0149] Table 6

[0150] Example 8

[0151] Impact Breakage Rate

[0152] Take 300 g of the sample to be tested, which passes through a 0.6 mm open square mesh sieve but is rejected by a 0.5 mm open square mesh sieve, and project it onto the XC65 steel surface to be tested. Use a Venturi effect spray gun with an 8 mm diameter nozzle to circulate the sample. The nozzle is 150 mm away from the surface, the spray angle is 85°, and the overpressure is 2 bar. The projection lasts for 30 minutes. After treatment, collect the projected sample and sieve it using a 0.5 mm open square mesh sieve. After sieving, weigh the mass m2 (g) of the sample rejected by the 0.5 mm open square mesh sieve. Impact breakage rate. of The calculation formula is as follows: Impact breakage rate (Rc) = 1 - (100%) The results of the measurement (m2 / 300) are shown in Table 7.

[0153] Table 7

[0154] The samples submitted in this application exhibit good impact resistance. The impact failure rate (Rc) can be below 30%.

[0155] Example 9

[0156] Self-wear rate

[0157] Rapid planetary milling test: Measuring and characterizing the self-wear resistance of the test samples. Specific testing and characterization methods are as follows:

[0158] First grinding cycle: Weigh 96.48 ml (volume measured using a graduated cylinder) of the sample to be tested, mass m3, and place it into one of four bowls (inner diameter: 9.8 cm, height: 8 cm) of a high-speed planetary mill (Retsch PM400) with a densely sintered alumina liner and a capacity of 603 ml. Add 10.615 g of Presi silicon carbide (SiC, median particle size 3 µm) and 193 ml of water to the same bowl containing the sample to be tested. Then, seal the bowl and rotate it at 400 rpm (planetary motion) for 1.5 hours, with the rotation direction reversed every minute. After rotation, wash the contents of the bowl through a 100 μm sieve to remove residual silicon carbide and any material removed by wear during grinding. After sieving through the 100 μm sieve, place the sieved sample in an oven at 100°C to dry for 3 hours, and then weigh the dried sample (mass recorded as m4).

[0159] Second grinding cycle: The dried sample (with a mass of m4) after the first grinding cycle is ground again. The specific steps are the same as those of the first grinding cycle. The mass of the dried sample after the second grinding cycle is m5.

[0160] The third grinding cycle: The dried sample (with a mass of m5) after the second grinding cycle is ground again. The specific steps are the same as the first grinding cycle. The mass of the dried sample after the third grinding cycle is m6.

[0161] Self-wear resistance is expressed as a percentage (%), which is equal to the loss of the sample's mass relative to its initial mass after the rapid planetary mill test, i.e., 100%. (m5-m6) / m5. The calculation results are shown in Table 8. The test results show that the sample of this application has excellent self-wear resistance.

[0162] Table 8

[0163] Example 10

[0164] Iron Phosphate / Lithium Carbonate Grinding Wear Rate)

[0165] The wear resistance of the tested samples (iron phosphate / lithium carbonate) was measured and characterized using a sand mill. The specific testing and characterization methods are as follows:

[0166] a. Slurry preparation: 80 parts by weight of ferric phosphate (iron content 36.0-36.8 wt.%, ferric phosphate molar ratio 0.970~0.990, median particle size D50 of 14-17 μm) and 20 parts by weight of lithium carbonate (median particle size D50 of 2-3 μm) are uniformly dispersed in deionized water to prepare a slurry with a solid content of 40 wt.%.

[0167] b. Equipment and grinding conditions: Netzsch Labstar 600mL (Germany). A certain amount of the sample to be tested (the mass of the sample to be tested is recorded as m7) was filled into the grinder. Approximately 378 mL of the sample to be tested was filled (calculated based on the loose density of the sample to be tested; for example, when the loose density = 3.3 g / mL, 1247.4 g of the sample to be tested was filled). The grinding speed was 3000 rpm.

[0168] c. Take 3 kg of the slurry to be ground from a above and test it. Pump the slurry to be ground into the grinding chamber at a circulation speed of 36 L / h and perform circulation grinding for 3 hours according to the conditions described in b above.

[0169] d. After grinding, take the ground slurry, dry and grind it, and then perform ICP testing to obtain the percentage of ZrO2 contained in the solids of the ground slurry. Multiply this percentage by the total amount of solids in the slurry to obtain the mass of ZrO2 contained in the ground slurry (i.e., the mass of ZrO2 lost in the sample). Based on the mass of ZrO2 lost in the sample, the weight loss of the sample can be calculated (denoted as m). 8) .

[0170] e. Calculation method for wear resistance of iron phosphate / lithium carbonate: Wear resistance of iron phosphate / lithium carbonate (% / h) = m8 / (3 m7), the calculation results are shown in Table 9.

[0171] The test results show that the sample of this application has excellent wear resistance of iron phosphate / lithium carbonate.

[0172] Table 9

[0173] Example 11

[0174] Alumina Grinding Wear Rate

[0175] The alumina wear resistance of the test samples was measured and characterized using a sand mill. The specific testing and characterization methods are as follows:

[0176] a. Slurry preparation: Prepare 1200 g of alumina powder (median particle size D50 is 2-5 μm, D100 < 80 μm). ) Disperse evenly in 2200 g of deionized water to prepare a slurry for grinding.

[0177] b. Equipment and grinding conditions: Netzsch LME1 1000mL (Germany). Take a certain amount of the sample to be tested (the mass of the sample to be tested is recorded as m9) and fill the grinder with about 630 mL of the sample to be tested (calculated based on the loose density of the sample to be tested; for example, when the loose density = 3.3 g / mL, fill with 2079 g of the sample to be tested). The grinding speed is 2500 rpm.

[0178] c. Take 3 kg of the slurry to be ground from a above and test it. Pump the slurry to be ground into the grinding chamber at a circulation speed of 36 L / h and perform circulation grinding for 3 hours according to the conditions described in b above.

[0179] d. After grinding, take the ground slurry, dry and grind it, and then perform ICP testing to obtain the percentage of ZrO2 contained in the solids of the ground slurry. Multiply this percentage by the total amount of solids in the slurry to obtain the mass of ZrO2 contained in the ground slurry (i.e., the mass of ZrO2 lost in the sample). Based on the mass of ZrO2 lost in the sample, the weight loss of the sample can be calculated (denoted as m). 10 ).

[0180] e. Calculation method for alumina wear resistance: Alumina wear resistance (% / h) = m 10 / (3 m9), the calculation results are shown in Table 10.

[0181] The test results show that the sample of this application has excellent alumina wear resistance.

[0182] Table 10

[0183] While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these are merely illustrative examples, and the scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, but all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A type of ceramic particle, comprising, by weight of the total ceramic particle: Zirconia and hafnium oxide, wherein the total content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide is 65.0-88.0 wt.%; Yttrium oxide, wherein the content of yttrium oxide is 1.1 wt.% or more; and, Alumina, wherein the alumina content is 10.0-30.0 wt.%.

2. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total content of zirconium oxide and hafnium oxide is 71.5-77.0 wt., preferably 73.5-76.5 wt., based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.

3. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The yttrium oxide content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, is 4.3 wt.% or more, preferably 5.0 wt.% or more and / or 7.0 wt.% or less.

4. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alumina content is 15.0-27.0 wt., preferably 17.0-23.0 wt., based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.

5. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic particles also contain other oxides, the content of which is less than 2.0 wt.% based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.

6. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The other oxides include cerium oxide, and the cerium oxide content is less than 1.0 wt.% based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.

7. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The other oxides include: silicon dioxide, iron oxide, or a combination thereof; Preferably, The silica content, based on the total weight of the ceramic particles, is 1.0 wt.% or less, preferably 0.8 wt.% or less; and / or, The iron oxide content is less than 1.0 wt.% based on the total weight of the ceramic particles.

8. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the ceramic particles, the weight ratio of the α-alumina phase to the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase is 0.90 or more; and / or, In the ceramic particles, the weight ratio of the alumina crystalline phase (excluding the α-alumina phase) to the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase is less than 0.

10.

9. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the ceramic particles, the ratio of the total weight of the alumina crystalline phase to the weight of the alumina is 0.90 or more, preferably 0.98 or more.

10. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the ceramic particles, the weight ratio of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase is less than 0.20, preferably less than 0.

05.

11. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the ceramic particles, the weight ratio of the stable zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase is 0.80 or more, preferably 0.95 or more; and / or, In the ceramic particles, the weight ratio of the zirconia crystalline phase other than the monoclinic zirconia phase, cubic zirconia phase, and tetragonal zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase is less than 0.10; and / or, In the ceramic particles, the weight ratio of the cubic zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase is 0.01-0.99; and / or, In the ceramic particles, the weight ratio of the tetragonal zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase is 0.01-0.

99.

12. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the ceramic particles, the ratio of the total weight of the zirconium oxide crystalline phase to the weight of zirconium oxide is 0.90 or more, preferably 0.98 or more.

13. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the ceramic particles undergo hydrothermal aging treatment at 140°C for 24 hours, the weight ratio of the monoclinic zirconia phase to the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase is less than 0.40; and / or, After the ceramic particles undergo hydrothermal aging treatment at 140°C for 24 hours, the ratio of the total weight of the zirconia crystalline phase to the weight of zirconia is 0.90 or more, preferably 0.98 or more.

14. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The true density of the ceramic particles is 5.00-5.80 g / cm³. 3 .

15. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loose packing density of the ceramic particles is 3.00-3.50 g / cm³. 3 .

16. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The median particle size of the ceramic particles is 0.02-10 mm.

17. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the ceramic particles, the ratio of the total volume of particles with a sphericity of 0.8 or higher to the total volume of the ceramic particles is 0.85 or higher.

18. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic particles have an average Vickers hardness of 1250 HV or higher, preferably 1400 HV or higher.

19. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic particles have an impact breakage rate of less than 30%.

20. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic particles have a self-wear resistance of less than 5%.

21. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic particles have wear resistance of less than 0.2% / h for iron phosphate / lithium carbonate.

22. The ceramic particles according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ceramic particles have alumina wear resistance of less than 3% / h.

23. A method for preparing ceramic particles according to any one of claims 1-22, comprising the following steps: Provide raw material composition; Optionally, molding is used to provide preform particles; Optionally, the embryo particles are washed and / or dried; as well as, Sintering process.

24. Use of the ceramic particles according to any one of claims 1-22 as a sandblasting medium, abrasive medium, or an insert for composite wear-resistant components.

25. A blasting medium comprising ceramic particles according to any one of claims 1-22.

26. An abrasive media comprising ceramic particles according to any one of claims 1-22.

27. A composite wear-resistant component comprising a metal matrix and an insert, said insert comprising ceramic particles according to any one of claims 1-22.

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