Light-emitting element, condensed polycyclic compound for light-emitting element, and electronic device including light-emitting element

Abstract

The present invention relates to a light-emitting element, a fused polycyclic compound for a light-emitting element, and an electronic device including a light-emitting element. The light-emitting element can include a first electrode, a second electrode over the first electrode, and an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. The emission layer can include a fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 as a first compound. The light-emitting element can exhibit a long element lifetime characteristic. Formula 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] One or more embodiments of this disclosure relate to light-emitting elements, fused polycyclic compounds for light-emitting elements, and electronic devices including light-emitting elements. Background Technology

[0002] Organic electroluminescent display devices have been actively developed as image display devices. An organic electroluminescent display device is a display device that includes a self-emissive (or similar) light-emitting element (e.g., an organic light-emitting element), which causes holes and electrons injected from a first electrode and a second electrode, respectively, to recombine in an emitting layer, thereby causing the emitting material in the emitting layer to emit light to achieve display.

[0003] In order to apply light-emitting elements to display devices, improvements or enhancements in the lifespan of the elements are desired or required, and there is a constant expectation or need to develop materials for light-emitting elements that can reliably achieve these improvements or enhancements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One or more aspects of embodiments of this disclosure relate to light-emitting elements exhibiting long element lifespan characteristics and electronic devices including light-emitting elements.

[0005] One or more aspects of the embodiments of this disclosure relate to fused polycyclic compounds as materials for improving or enhancing the lifespan of light-emitting elements.

[0006] Further aspects of the implementation will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the embodiments of this disclosure presented.

[0007] One or more embodiments of this disclosure provide a light-emitting element including a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, and an emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 as the first compound.

[0008] Formula 1

[0009]

[0010] In Equation 1, X a X b Y1 and Y2 can each be independently O, S, or NR. x Z1 to Z 19 Each can be N or CR independently. y R x and R yEach of the following can be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I), a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or can be bonded to (e.g., optionally to) adjacent groups to form a ring, and the first compound may include a chemical structure in which one or more hydrogen atoms in the first compound are optionally substituted with deuterium atoms (e.g., the first compound may include at least one deuterium atom).

[0011] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer may further include at least one selected from a second compound represented by formula HT-1, a third compound represented by formula ET-1, and a fourth compound represented by formula D-1:

[0012] HT-1

[0013] .

[0014] In formula HT-1, A1 to A8 can each be N or CR independently. 51 L1 can be a directly linked (e.g., a single covalent bond), substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, Y a It can be a direct link (e.g., a single covalent bond), CR 52 R 53 or SiR 54 R 55 Ar1 can be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, R 51 To R 55 Each of the following groups may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I), a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring.

[0015] ET-1

[0016]

[0017] In Equation ET-1, at least one selected from X1 to X3 can be N, and the others can be CR. 56 R 56 The atoms b1 to b3 can each be independently selected from integers from 0 to 10. Ar2 to Ar4 can each be independently selected from hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. L2 to L4 can each be independently selected from hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0018] Formula D-1

[0019]

[0020] In formula D-1, Q1 to Q4 can each be independently C or N, and C1 to C4 can each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group having 5 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. 11 To L 13 Each can be a direct connection (e.g., a single covalent bond) independently. , , , substituted or unsubstituted alkylene groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene groups having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene groups having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. The part connected to C1 to C4, b11 to b13 can each be 0 or 1 independently, R 61 To R 66Each of the following groups may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br or I), a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted boryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring, and d1 to d4 may each be independently an integer selected from 0 to 4.

[0021] In one or more embodiments, Equation 1 may be represented by Equation 2.

[0022] Formula 2

[0023]

[0024] In Formula 2, R1 to R6 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I), a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring; n1, n3, and n4 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 3; n2 and n5 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4; n6 may be an integer selected from 0 to 2; and X a X b Y1 and Y2 can each be the same as those defined in Equation 1 independently.

[0025] Equation 2 can be represented by any one of Equations 2-1 to 2-8.

[0026] Equation 2-1

[0027]

[0028] Equation 2-2

[0029]

[0030] Equation 2-3

[0031]

[0032] Equation 2-4

[0033]

[0034] Formula 2-5

[0035]

[0036] Formula 2-6

[0037]

[0038] Formula 2-7

[0039]

[0040] Formula 2-8

[0041]

[0042] In equations 2-1 to 2-8, Ar a1 and Ar a2 Each of the following groups may be independently hydrogen atom, deuterium atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring, a1 and a2 may each be independently integers selected from 0 to 5, and R1 to R6 and n1 to n6 may each be independently the same as defined in Formula 2.

[0043] In one or more embodiments, Equation 2 may be represented by Equation 3.

[0044] Formula 3

[0045]

[0046] In Equation 3, R 11 To R 15 Each group may independently be a cyano, a substituted or unsubstituted amino, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring, R 16 It can be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, n16 can be an integer selected from 0 to 2, X a X b Y1 and Y1 can each be independently the same as those defined in Equation 1, and n1 to n5 can each be independently the same as those defined in Equation 2.

[0047] In one or more embodiments, Equation 2 may be represented by Equation 4.

[0048] Formula 4

[0049]

[0050] In Equation 4, R a1 Rb1 R c1 R d1 R e1 and R f1 Each group may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I), a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring, R a2 R b2 R c2 R d2 and R e2 Each of the following groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring; m1, m3, and m4 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 2; m2 and m5 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 3; m6 may be an integer selected from 0 to 2; and X a X b Y1 and Y2 can each be the same as those defined in Equation 1 independently.

[0051] In one or more embodiments, R1 to R6 in Formula 2 may each be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom independently, or may be represented by any one selected from R-1 to R-14:

[0052] .

[0053] In R-13 and R-14, D represents a deuterium atom. In R-1 through R-14, This refers to the position to be connected.

[0054] In one or more embodiments, in Equation 1, R x It can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzocyclohexyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted tetraphenyl group.

[0055] In one or more embodiments, in Equation 1, R x It can be represented by any one of W-1 to W-14:

[0056] .

[0057] In W-13 and W-14, D represents a deuterium atom. In W-1 through W-14, This refers to the position to be connected.

[0058] In one or more embodiments of this disclosure, the fused polycyclic compound may be represented by Formula 1.

[0059] Formula 1

[0060]

[0061] In Equation 1, X a X b Y1 and Y2 can each be independently O, S, or NR. x Z1 to Z 19 Each can be N or CR independently. y R x and R y Each of the following can be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I), a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or can be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring, and the fused polycyclic compound can include a chemical structure in which one or more hydrogen atoms in the fused polycyclic compound are optionally substituted with deuterium atoms (e.g., the fused polycyclic compound can include at least one deuterium atom).

[0062] In one or more embodiments of this disclosure, an electronic device may include a display device for providing an image. The display device may include a substrate layer, a circuit layer disposed on the substrate layer, and a display element layer disposed on the circuit layer and including a light-emitting element. The light-emitting element may include a first electrode, a second electrode disposed on the first electrode, and an emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The emitting layer may include a fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

[0063] Formula 1

[0064]

[0065] In Equation 1, X a X b Y1 and Y2 can each be independently O, S, or NR. x Z1 to Z 19 Each can be N or CR independently. y R x and R yEach of the following can be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I), a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or can be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring, and the fused polycyclic compound can include a chemical structure in which one or more hydrogen atoms in the fused polycyclic compound are optionally substituted with deuterium atoms (e.g., the fused polycyclic compound can include at least one deuterium atom).

[0066] In one or more embodiments, the electronic device may further include at least one selected from processor, memory, and power module.

[0067] For example, in one or more embodiments, a light-emitting element is provided in which the emitting layer comprises a fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 (optionally, particularly by Formulas 2 to 4 and compounds selected from Group 1 of compounds), the variables being defined in this specification, and wherein the fused polycyclic compound may comprise at least one deuterium atom. In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer further comprises a host material selected from compounds represented by Formula HT-1 and Formula ET-1 and a sensitizer represented by Formula D-1, and the light-emitting element is arranged as a stack comprising a first electrode, a hole transport region, an emitting layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode. This disclosure also provides electronic devices having a display element layer comprising such a light-emitting element. These embodiments place the compositions, device architectures, and system implementations together in a consistent context, exhibiting blue emission performance with improved or enhanced material stability (e.g., electrical and physical stability) and element lifetime. Attached Figure Description

[0068] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the subject matter of this disclosure, and are incorporated in and form a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate embodiments of the subject matter of this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of embodiments of the subject matter of this disclosure. In the drawings:

[0069] Figure 1 A plan view illustrating a display device according to one or more embodiments;

[0070] Figure 2 To explain along Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the portion intercepted by line I-I' in the diagram;

[0071] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view illustrating a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0072] Figure 4A cross-sectional view illustrating a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0073] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view illustrating a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0074] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view illustrating a light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments;

[0075] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view illustrating a display device according to one or more embodiments;

[0076] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view illustrating a display device according to one or more embodiments;

[0077] Figure 9 A cross-sectional view illustrating a display device according to one or more embodiments;

[0078] Figure 10 A cross-sectional view illustrating a display device according to one or more embodiments;

[0079] Figure 11 A view of the interior of a vehicle in which a display device according to one or more embodiments is arranged;

[0080] Figure 12 A perspective view illustrating an electronic device according to one or more embodiments;

[0081] Figure 13 An exploded perspective view illustrating an electronic device according to one or more embodiments;

[0082] Figure 14 This is a block diagram of an electronic device according to one or more embodiments; and

[0083] Figure 15 A schematic diagram illustrating an electronic device according to one or more embodiments is provided. Detailed Implementation

[0084] The subject matter of this disclosure will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of this disclosure are illustrated. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments may be modified in one or more suitable and different ways without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. The drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as limiting. The same reference numerals throughout the accompanying drawings and textual description label the same elements and their description may not be repeated in the specification.

[0085] When describing embodiments of this disclosure (e.g., when describing embodiments of this disclosure), "may" means "one or more embodiments of this disclosure".

[0086] In the context of this application and unless otherwise defined, the terms “use,” “using,” and “used” are to be regarded as synonymous with the terms “utilize,” “utilizing,” and “utilized,” respectively.

[0087] Throughout this disclosure, expressions such as “at least one of…”, “one of…”, and “selected from…” modify the entire list of elements but not individual elements of the list, if they precede or follow a list of elements (e.g., when preceded or followed by a list of elements). For example, “at least one of a, b, and c”, “selected from at least one of a, b, and c”, and / or “selected from at least one of a to c” indicate only a, only b, only c, both a and b (e.g., both a and b simultaneously), both a and c (e.g., both a and c simultaneously), both b and c (e.g., both b and c simultaneously), all a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

[0088] In this disclosure, it will be understood that if an element (or area, layer, and / or portion, etc.) is referred to as "on" another element (or area, layer, and / or portion, etc.), "above" another element, "connected to" another element (or area, layer, and / or portion, etc.), or "attached to" another element (or area, layer, and / or portion, etc.), (for example, when an element (or area, layer, and / or portion, etc.) is referred to as "on" another element (or area, layer, and / or portion, etc.), "on" another element (or area, layer, and / or portion, etc.), or "attached to" another element (or area, layer, and / or portion, etc.), is referred to as "on" another element (or area, layer, and / or portion, etc.). When “above”, “connected to” or “linked to” another element (or area, layer and / or part, etc.), it may be directly on, directly above, directly connected to, or directly linked to another element (or area, layer and / or part, etc.), or an intervening element (or area, layer and / or part, etc.) may be arranged between them. In contrast, if an element (or region, layer, and / or portion, etc.) is referred to as "directly on another element (or region, layer, and / or portion, etc.)" or "directly on another element (or region, layer, and / or portion, etc.)" (for example, when an element (or region, layer, and / or portion, etc.) is referred to as "directly on another element (or region, layer, and / or portion, etc.)" or "directly on another element (or region, layer, and / or portion, etc.)"), there is no intermediary element (or region, layer, and / or portion, etc.) between them.

[0089] In the accompanying drawings, the scale and dimensions (e.g., thickness) of the components may be enlarged to effectively depict the technical content.

[0090] As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related enumerated items.

[0091] It will be understood that although the terms “first” and / or “second” may be used herein to describe one or more suitable elements, components, areas, layers, and / or sections, these elements, components, areas, layers, and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element, component, area, layer, or section from another element, component, area, layer, or section. Therefore, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, a first element, component, area, layer, or section described herein may be referred to as a second element, component, area, layer, or section. Similarly, a second element, component, area, layer, or section may be referred to as a first element, component, area, layer, or section.

[0092] As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to also include the plural forms.

[0093] Furthermore, the terms "below," "on the lower side," "above," and / or "on the upper side," etc., are used to describe the relationships between the elements illustrated in the accompanying drawings. These terms are relative concepts and are described based on the directions indicated in the drawings.

[0094] In this disclosure, it will be understood that the terms "comprise(s) / comprising," "include(s) / including," or "have / has / having" indicate the presence of a described feature, integer, step, operation, element, and / or component, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. Furthermore, the terms "comprise(s) / comprising," "include(s) / including," "have / has / having," or similar terms include or support the terms "composed of" and "substantially composed of," indicating the presence of a described feature, integer, step, operation, element, and / or component, and the absence or substantial absence of other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0095] As used herein, the terms “substantially,” “about,” or similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and are intended to take into account the inherent biases in measured or calculated values ​​that would be recognized by a person skilled in the art. “About,” as used herein, includes the stated value and refers to an acceptable range of deviation from a particular value as determined by a person skilled in the art considering the measurements in question and the errors associated with a particular number of measurements (e.g., limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” may mean within one or more standard deviations of the stated value or within ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the stated value. Furthermore, it should be understood that if the terms “about,” “about,” or “substantially” are not explicitly stated in a given element (e.g., a claim element), the scope of such an element is intended to include non-substantial variations or variations within the range understood by a person skilled in the art. For example, the numerical values ​​and ranges provided herein are intended to include tolerances and measurement uncertainties that would be recognized by those skilled in the art, and elements (e.g., claim elements) should be interpreted accordingly to encompass such equivalent schemes.

[0096] Any numerical range set forth herein is intended to include all subranges of the same numerical precision falling within the set forth range. For example, the range “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between the stated minimum of 1.0 and the stated maximum of 10.0 (and inclusive), such as all subranges having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0 (e.g., 2.4 to 7.6). Any maximum numerical limit set forth herein is intended to include all lower numerical limits falling within it, and any minimum numerical limit set forth in this disclosure is intended to include all higher numerical limits falling within it. Accordingly, the applicant reserves the right to modify this disclosure (including the claims) to expressly set forth any subrange falling within the range expressly set forth herein.

[0097] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have substantially the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It will be further understood that terms (e.g., those defined in commonly used dictionaries) shall be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant field and shall not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless expressly so defined herein.

[0098] In this disclosure, "integers selected from 0 to 10" refers to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The above description of numerical ranges also applies to any other numerical ranges appearing in the specification, such as integers selected from 0 and 1, integers selected from 0 to 2, integers selected from 0 to 3, integers selected from 0 to 4, integers selected from 0 to 5, integers selected from 0 to 6, integers selected from 0 to 7, integers selected from 0 to 8, integers selected from 0 to 9, and integers selected from 0 to 10, etc.

[0099] In this disclosure, the term "substituted or unsubstituted" may refer to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, halogen (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I), cyano, nitro, amino, amino, silyl, oxy, thio, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, carbonyl, boron, phosphine oxide, phosphine sulfide, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and heterocyclic groups. In one or more embodiments, each of the substituents exemplified herein may be substituted or unsubstituted. For example, biphenyl may be interpreted as aryl or a phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group.

[0100] In this disclosure, the phrase "bonded to an adjacent group to form a ring" can refer to a group bonding to an adjacent group to form a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle. The hydrocarbon ring may include aliphatic hydrocarbon rings and / or aromatic hydrocarbon rings. The heterocycle may include aliphatic heterocycles and / or aromatic heterocycles. The hydrocarbon ring and heterocycle may be monocyclic or polycyclic. In one or more embodiments, a ring formed by bonding to each other may be connected to another ring to form a spirostructure.

[0101] In this disclosure, the term "adjacent group" can refer to a substituent that replaces an atom directly connected to the atom substituted by the corresponding substituent, another substituent that replaces the atom substituted by the corresponding substituent, or a substituent spatially closest to the corresponding substituent. For example, the two methyl groups in 1,2-xylene can be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other, and the two ethyl groups in 1,1-diethylcyclopentane can be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other. In one or more embodiments, the two methyl groups in 4,5-dimethylphenanthrene can be interpreted as "adjacent groups" to each other.

[0102] In this disclosure, examples of halogen atoms may include fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and / or iodine atoms.

[0103] In this disclosure, the alkyl group may be straight-chain or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group may be 1 to 60, 1 to 50, 1 to 30, 1 to 20, 1 to 10, or 1 to 6. Examples of alkyl groups may include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butylhexyl, n-heptyl, 1-methylheptyl, 2,2-dimethylheptyl, 2-ethylheptyl, 2-butylheptyl, n-octyl, tert-octyl, 2-ethyloctyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyloctyl, 3,7-dimethyloctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, 2-ethyldecyl, 2-butyldecyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldecyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl Alkyl groups, such as 2-ethyldodecyl, 2-butyldodecyl, 2-hexyldodecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecanyl, n-hexadecyl, 2-ethylhexadecyl, 2-butylhexadecyl, 2-hexylhexadecyl, 2-octylhexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-eicosyl, 2-ethyleicosyl, 2-butyleicosyl, 2-hexyleicosyl, 2-octyleicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, n-eicosyl, and / or n-eicosyl, are used, but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0104] In this disclosure, cycloalkyl can refer to a cyclic alkyl group. The number of carbon atoms in a cycloalkyl group can be 3 to 60, 3 to 50, 3 to 30, 3 to 20, or 3 to 10. Examples of cycloalkyl groups may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, norbornyl, adamantyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, isobornyl, and / or dicycloheptyl, etc., but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0105] In this disclosure, alkenyl refers to a hydrocarbon group comprising at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms. The alkenyl group may be straight-chain or branched. The number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl group is not limited, but may be 2 to 60, 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkenyl groups may include vinyl, 1-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, styryl, and / or styrylvinyl, etc., but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0106] In this disclosure, alkynyl refers to a hydrocarbon group comprising at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the end of an alkyl group having two or more carbon atoms. The alkynyl group can be straight-chain or branched. While the number of carbon atoms in the alkynyl group is not limited, it can be 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of alkynyl groups may include ethynyl and / or propynyl, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0107] In this disclosure, cycloalkyl group refers to any functional group or substituent derived from an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon ring. The number of cyclic carbon atoms in the cycloalkyl group can be 5 to 60, 5 to 30, or 5 to 20.

[0108] In this disclosure, aryl refers to any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon ring. Aryl can be monocyclic or polycyclic. The number of cyclic carbon atoms in the aryl group can be 6 to 60, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, fluorenyl, anthracene, phenanthryl, biphenyl, terphenyl, tetraphenyl, pentaphenyl, hexaphenyl, triphenylene, pyrene, benzofluoranthracene, and / or 1,2-benzophenanthryl, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Aryl groups can include polycyclic structures in which the aromatic ring is fused with a saturated or partially saturated ring. For example, an aryl group can include benzocyclohexyl.

[0109] In this disclosure, the fluorene group may be substituted, and two substituents may bond to each other to form a spirostructure. Examples of substituted fluorene groups are given below. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0110]

[0111] In this document, a heterocyclic group refers to any functional group or substituent derived from a ring containing at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. Heterocyclic groups may include aliphatic heterocyclic groups and / or aromatic heterocyclic groups. Aromatic heterocyclic groups may be heteroaryl. Aliphatic and aromatic heterocyclic groups may be monocyclic or polycyclic.

[0112] In this disclosure, the heterocyclic group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. If the heterocyclic group contains two or more heteroatoms (e.g., when the heterocyclic group contains two or more heteroatoms), the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic or polycyclic heterocyclic group, and may include a heteroaryl group. The number of cyclic carbon atoms in the heterocyclic group may be 2 to 60, 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10.

[0113] In this disclosure, the aliphatic heterocyclic group may include at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. The number of cyclic carbon atoms in the aliphatic heterocyclic group may be 2 to 60, 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of aliphatic heterocyclic groups may include ethylene oxide, thiopropylcycloyl, pyrrolyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, thiaalkyl, tetrahydropyranyl, and / or 1,4-dioxane, etc., but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0114] In this disclosure, the heteroaryl group may contain at least one of B, O, N, P, Si, S, and Se as a heteroatom. If the heteroaryl group contains two or more heteroatoms (e.g., when the heteroaryl group contains two or more heteroatoms), the two or more heteroatoms may be the same or different from each other. The heteroaryl group may be a monocyclic heterocyclic group or a polycyclic heterocyclic group. The number of cyclic carbon atoms in the heteroaryl group may be 2 to 60, 3 to 30, 2 to 30, 2 to 20, or 2 to 10. Examples of heteroaryl groups may include thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyridyl, bipyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, acridineyl, pyridazinyl, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pyridopyrimidinyl, pyridopyrazinyl, pyrazinopyrazinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, carbazoleyl, N-arylcarbazoleyl, N-heteroarylcarbazoleyl, N-alkylcarbazoleyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzocarbazoleyl, benzothiaphenyl, dibenzothiaphenyl, thienothiaphenyl, benzofuranyl, phenanthrololinyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, dibenzothiaryl and / or dibenzofuranyl, etc., but the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0115] In this disclosure, the description of aryl groups can be applied to arylene groups, except that arylene groups are divalent groups. Similarly, the description of heteroaryl groups can be applied to heteroarylene groups, except that heteroarylene groups are divalent groups.

[0116] In this disclosure, silane may include alkylsilane and / or arylsilane. The alkyl group in the alkylsilane may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylsilane is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylsilane is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of silane may include trimethylsilane, triethylsilane, tert-butyldimethylsilane, vinyldimethylsilane, propyldimethylsilane, triphenylsilane, diphenylsilane, and / or phenylsilane, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0117] In this disclosure, the number of carbon atoms in the carbonyl group is not limited, but may be 1 to 40, 1 to 30, or 1 to 20. For example, the carbonyl group may have the following structure, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0118]

[0119] In this disclosure, the number of carbon atoms in the sulfinyl group and sulfonyl group is not limited, but may be from 1 to 30. The sulfinyl group may include alkylsulfinyl group and / or arylsulfinyl group. The sulfonyl group may include alkylsulfonyl group and / or arylsulfonyl group.

[0120] In this disclosure, the thio group may include alkylthio and / or arylthio. A thio group may refer to an alkyl or aryl group bonded to a sulfur atom as defined herein. The alkyl group in the alkylthio group may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylthio group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylthio group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of thio groups may include methylthio, ethylthio, propanethio, pentylthio, hexylthio, octylthio, dodecylthio, cyclopentylthio, cyclohexylthio, phenylthio, and / or naphthio, etc., but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0121] In this disclosure, an oxygen group may refer to an alkyl or aryl group bonded to an oxygen atom as defined herein. An oxygen group may include alkoxy and / or aryloxy groups. Alkoxy groups may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in an alkoxy group is not limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in an aryloxy group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of oxygen groups may include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, octoxy, nonoxy, decoxy, and / or benzyloxy, etc., but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0122] In this document, "boron group" may refer to an alkyl or aryl group bonded to a boron atom as defined herein. Boron groups may include alkylboron groups and / or arylboron groups. The alkyl group in an alkylboron group may be linear, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in an alkylboron group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in an arylboron group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of boron groups may include dimethylboron, diethylboron, tert-butylmethylboron, diphenylboron, and / or phenylboron, etc., but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0123] In this disclosure, the number of carbon atoms in the amino group is not limited, but may be 1 to 50, 1 to 30, or 1 to 20. The amino group may include alkylamino and / or arylamino. The alkyl group in the alkylamino group may be straight-chain, branched, or cyclic. The number of carbon atoms in the alkylamino group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 20 or 1 to 10. The number of carbon atoms in the arylamino group is not specifically limited, but may be, for example, 6 to 30, 6 to 20, or 6 to 15. Examples of amino groups may include methylamino, dimethylamino, phenylamino, diphenylamino, naphthylamino, and / or 9-methyl-anthraylamino, etc., but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0124] In this disclosure, sulfinyl group may refer to an alkyl or aryl group as defined herein, bonded to -S (=O)-. The number of carbon atoms in the sulfinyl group is not specifically limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The sulfinyl group may include alkylsulfinyl groups and arylsulfinyl groups. For example, the sulfinyl group may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0125]

[0126] In this disclosure, sulfonyl group may refer to an alkyl or aryl group as defined herein bonded to -S(=O)2-. The number of carbon atoms in the sulfonyl group is not specifically limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The sulfonyl group may include alkylsulfonyl groups and arylsulfonyl groups. For example, the sulfonyl group may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0127]

[0128] In this disclosure, phosphine oxide can refer to an alkyl or aryl group bonded to -P (=O)- as defined herein. The number of carbon atoms in the phosphine oxide group is not specifically limited, but can be from 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. The phosphine oxide group can include alkylphosphine oxides and arylphosphine oxides. For example, the phosphine oxide group can have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0129]

[0130] In this disclosure, phosphine sulfide may refer to an alkyl or aryl group bonded to -P (=S)- as defined herein. The number of carbon atoms in the phosphine sulfide is not specifically limited, but may be 1 to 30, 1 to 20, or 1 to 10. Phosphine sulfide may include alkylphosphine sulfide and arylphosphine sulfide. For example, phosphine sulfide may have the following structures, but is not limited thereto.

[0131]

[0132] In this disclosure, the alkyl group selected from alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, alkylaryl, alkylamino, alkylboronyl, alkylsilyl, alkylphosphine oxide, alkylphosphine sulfide, and alkylamine is the same as the alkyl group described herein.

[0133] In this disclosure, the aryl groups selected from aryloxy, arylthio, arylsulfonyl, arylsulfinyl, arylamino, arylboryl, arylsilyl, arylphosphine oxide, arylphosphine sulfide, and arylamine are the same as the aryl groups described herein.

[0134] In this disclosure, a direct connection can refer to a single bond (e.g., a single covalent bond). In this disclosure, " " "and" "This refers to the position to be connected."

[0135] One or more embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0136] Figure 1 A plan view illustrating a display device DD according to one or more embodiments. Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the display device DD according to the embodiment. Figure 2 To explain along Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the portion intercepted by line I-I' in the diagram.

[0137] The display device DD may include a display panel DP and an optical layer PP disposed on the display panel DP. The display panel DP may include light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The display device DD may include multiple light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The optical layer PP may be disposed on the display panel DP to control the light reflected from the display panel DP by external light. The optical layer PP may include, for example, a polarizing layer or a color filter layer. In one or more embodiments, with... Figure 2 Depending on the configuration or arrangement described, the optical layer PP may not be provided in one or more embodiments of the display device DD.

[0138] The substrate BL may be disposed on the optical layer PP. The substrate BL may be a component providing a substrate surface, on which the optical layer PP is disposed. The substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the substrate BL may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. In one or more embodiments, unlike the illustrated configuration or arrangement, the substrate BL may not be provided.

[0139] The display device DD according to one or more embodiments may further include a filler layer. The filler layer may be disposed between the display element layer DP-ED and the substrate BL. The filler layer may be an organic material layer. The filler layer may include at least one selected from acrylic resins, silicone resins, and epoxy resins.

[0140] The display panel DP may include a substrate layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the substrate layer BS, and a display element layer DP-ED. The display element layer DP-ED may include light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 disposed between multiple portions of the pixel defining film PDL, and an encapsulation layer TFE disposed on the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3.

[0141] The substrate layer BS can be a component providing a substrate surface, on which the display element layers DP-ED are disposed. The substrate layer BS can be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the substrate layer BS can be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer.

[0142] In one or more embodiments, the circuit layer DP-CL may be disposed on the substrate layer BS, and the circuit layer DP-CL may include a plurality of transistors. Each of the plurality of transistors may include a control electrode, an input electrode, and an output electrode. For example, the circuit layer DP-CL may include switching transistors and driving transistors that drive the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 of the display element layer DP-ED.

[0143] Each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may have the following characteristics, which will be described in more detail herein: Figures 3 to 6 The structure of each light-emitting element (ED) in one or more embodiments. Each of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2 and ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, an emitter layer EML-R, EML-G and EML-B, an electron transport region ETR and a second electrode EL2.

[0144] Figure 2 One or more embodiments are illustrated, wherein the emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 are arranged in openings OH defined in a pixel-defining film PDL, and the hole transport region HTR, the electron transport region ETR, and the second electrode EL2 are provided as a common layer throughout (e.g., almost throughout) the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and are related to… Figure 2The hole transport region (HTR) and electron transport region (ETR) in one or more embodiments can be provided by patterning in the openings (OH) defined in the pixel-defined film (PDL), depending on the configuration or arrangement described herein. For example, the hole transport region (HTR), emitting layers (EML-R), EML-G, and EML-B), and electron transport region (ETR) of the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 in one or more embodiments can be provided by patterning in an inkjet printing process.

[0145] The encapsulation layer TFE can cover light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The encapsulation layer TFE can seal the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 of the display element layer DP-ED. The encapsulation layer TFE can be a thin-film encapsulation layer. The encapsulation layer TFE can be formed by laminating one or more layers. The encapsulation layer TFE may include at least one insulating layer (e.g., an electrically insulating layer). The encapsulation layer TFE according to one or more embodiments may include at least one inorganic film (hereinafter, encapsulated inorganic film). The encapsulation layer TFE according to one or more embodiments may also include at least one organic film (hereinafter, encapsulated organic film) and at least one encapsulated inorganic film.

[0146] Encapsulating inorganic films can protect the display element layer DP-ED from moisture / oxygen, while encapsulating organic films can protect the display element layer DP-ED from foreign matter (such as dust particles). Encapsulating inorganic films may include silicon nitrides, silicon oxynitrides, silicon oxides, titanium oxides, and / or aluminum oxides, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Encapsulating organic films may include acrylic compounds and / or epoxy compounds, etc. Encapsulating organic films may include photopolymerizable organic materials, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0147] The encapsulation layer TFE can be arranged on the second electrode EL2 and can be arranged to fill the opening OH.

[0148] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The display device DD may include a non-emitting area NPXA and emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. The emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be areas in which light generated by their respective light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 is emitted. In a plane (e.g., in a plan view), the emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be spaced apart and / or separated from each other (e.g., spaced apart or separated).

[0149] Each of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be a region defined by a pixel-defining film PDL. The non-light-emitting region NPXA may be a region corresponding to the pixel-defining film PDL between adjacent light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B. In one or more embodiments, the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may each correspond to a pixel. The pixel-defining film PDL may divide light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. The emitting layers EML-R, EML-G, and EML-B of light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may be arranged in openings OH defined in the pixel-defining film PDL and separated from each other.

[0150] Based on the color of the light generated from the light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3, the emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be divided into multiple groups. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In one or more embodiments of the display device DD illustrated herein, three light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B, which respectively emit red light, green light, and blue light, are schematically illustrated. For example, one or more embodiments of the display device DD may include red light-emitting areas PXA-R, green light-emitting areas PXA-G, and blue light-emitting areas PXA-B that are separated from each other.

[0151] In a display device DD according to one or more embodiments, a plurality of light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light beams having different wavelength ranges from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, the display device DD may include a first light-emitting element ED-1 emitting red light, a second light-emitting element ED-2 emitting green light, and a third light-emitting element ED-3 emitting blue light. For example, the red light-emitting area PXA-R, the green light-emitting area PXA-G, and the blue light-emitting area PXA-B of the display device DD may correspond to the first light-emitting element ED-1, the second light-emitting element ED-2, and the third light-emitting element ED-3, respectively.

[0152] However, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto, and the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may emit light beams in substantially the same wavelength range, or at least one light-emitting element may emit light beams in a wavelength range different from other wavelength ranges. For example, the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 may all emit blue light.

[0153] According to one or more embodiments, the light-emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B in the display device DD can be arranged in a stripe pattern. (Reference) Figure 1Multiple red emitting areas PXA-R, multiple green emitting areas PXA-G, and multiple blue emitting areas PXA-B can each be arranged along the second direction axis DR2. In one or more embodiments, the red emitting areas PXA-R, green emitting areas PXA-G, and blue emitting areas PXA-B can be arranged alternately along the first direction axis DR1 in the following order.

[0154] Figure 1 and Figure 2 It has been explained that all luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B have the same area, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Therefore, depending on the wavelength range of the emitted light, the luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may have different areas from each other. In this case, the area of ​​the luminescent regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may refer to the area if observed in a plane defined by the first directional axis DR1 and the second directional axis DR2 (e.g., in a plan view). The third directional axis DR3 may be perpendicular to the plane defined by the first directional axis DR1 and the second directional axis DR2.

[0155] In one or more embodiments, the arrangement of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B is not limited to... Figure 1 The configuration or arrangement described herein can be provided in one or more suitable combinations to arrange the red emitting areas PXA-R, green emitting areas PXA-G, and blue emitting areas PXA-B, according to the desired or required display quality characteristics in the display device DD. For example, the arrangement of emitting areas PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can be PENTILE. ® Arrangement structure (e.g., RGBG matrix, RGBG structure, or RGBG matrix structure) or DIAMOND PIXEL ® Arrangement structure (e.g., a display containing red, blue, and green (RBG) emission areas arranged in a diamond shape (e.g., an OLED display)). PENTILE ® DIAMOND PIXEL is a registered trademark of Samsung Display Co., Ltd. ® It is a trademark officially registered by Samsung Display Co., Ltd.

[0156] In one or more embodiments, the areas of the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B may be different from each other. For example, in one or more embodiments, the area of ​​the green light-emitting region PXA-G may be smaller than the area of ​​the blue light-emitting region PXA-B, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0157] The following text, Figures 3 to 6A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments is shown for illustrative purposes. The light-emitting element (ED) of one or more embodiments may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, an emitter layer EML, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2 stacked in sequence.

[0158] and Figure 3 compared to, Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments is illustrated, wherein the hole transport region (HTR) includes a hole injection layer (HIL) and a hole transport layer (HTL), and the electron transport region (ETR) includes an electron injection layer (EIL) and an electron transport layer (ETL). In one or more embodiments, with Figure 3 compared to, Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element (ED) according to one or more embodiments is illustrated, wherein the hole transport region (HTR) includes a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), and an electron blocking layer (EBL), and the electron transport region (ETR) includes an electron injection layer (EIL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and a hole blocking layer (HBL). Figure 4 compared to, Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element ED including a capping layer CPL disposed on a second electrode EL2 is illustrated.

[0159] The first electrode EL1 may be conductive (e.g., the first electrode EL1 may be a conductor). The first electrode EL1 may be formed or composed of a metallic material, a metallic alloy, or a conductive compound (e.g., an electrically conductive compound). The first electrode EL1 may be an anode or a cathode. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may be a pixel electrode. The first electrode EL1 may be a transmissive electrode, a transmissive-reflective electrode, or a reflective electrode. The first electrode EL1 may include at least one selected from silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), lithium fluoride (LiF), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), indium (In), tin (Sn), and zinc (Zn), a compound selected from two or more of these, a mixture selected from two or more of these, or an oxide thereof.

[0160] If the first electrode EL1 is a transmission electrode (e.g., when the first electrode EL1 is a transmission electrode), the first electrode EL1 may comprise a transparent (e.g., substantially transparent) metal oxide (such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and / or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO)). If the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive-reflective electrode or a reflective electrode (e.g., when the first electrode EL1 is a transmissive-reflective electrode or a reflective electrode), the first electrode EL1 may comprise Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, W, or compounds thereof or mixtures thereof (e.g., mixtures of Ag and Mg), or a material having a multilayer structure, such as LiF / Ca (a stacked structure of LiF and Ca) or LiF / Al (a stacked structure of LiF and Al). In one or more embodiments, the first electrode EL1 may have a multilayer structure, including a reflective or transflective film formed or composed of materials described herein, and a transparent (e.g., substantially transparent) conductive film (e.g., an electrically conductive film) formed or composed of ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or ITZO. For example, the first electrode EL1 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. In one or more embodiments, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first electrode EL1 may include metallic materials described herein, combinations of at least two metallic materials described herein, and / or oxides of metallic materials described herein, etc. The thickness of the first electrode EL1 may be approximately 700 nm. To approximately 10,000 Within a certain range. For example, the thickness of the first electrode EL1 can be approximately 1,000 mm. Approximately 3,000 Within the range.

[0161] A hole transport region (HTR) may be provided on the first electrode EL1. The HTR may include at least one of a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), a buffer layer (emission assist layer), and an electron blocking layer (EBL). The thickness of the HTR may be, for example, about 50 mm. To approximately 15,000 Within the range.

[0162] The hole transport region (HTR) may have a single-layer structure comprising a single layer formed or composed of a single material; a single-layer structure comprising a single layer formed or composed of multiple different materials; or a multi-layer structure comprising multiple layers formed or composed of multiple different materials.

[0163] For example, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure of a hole injection layer HIL or a hole transport layer HTL, or it may have a single-layer structure formed or composed of a hole injection material and a hole transport material. In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region HTR may have a single-layer structure formed or composed of a variety of different materials, or a structure in which hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / hole injection layer HTL / buffer layer, hole injection layer HIL / buffer layer, hole transport layer HTL / buffer layer, or hole injection layer HIL / hole transport layer HTL / electron blocking layer EBL are stacked sequentially from the first electrode EL1, but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0164] Hole transport regions (HTRs) can be formed using one or more suitable methods (e.g., vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brookett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing, and / or laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI) method).

[0165] The hole transport region (HTR) may include a compound represented by formula H-1:

[0166] Formula H-1

[0167] .

[0168] In formula H-1, L1 and L2 can each independently be a directly linked (e.g., a single covalent bond), substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. a and b can each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 10. In one or more embodiments, if a or b is an integer of 2 or greater (e.g., an integer selected from 2 to 10) (e.g., when a or b is an integer of 2 or greater (e.g., an integer selected from 2 to 10)), the plurality of L1 and the plurality of L2 can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0169] In formula H-1, Ar1 and Ar2 may each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, in formula H-1, Ar3 may be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0170] The compound represented by formula H-1 may be a monoamine compound. In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be a diamine compound in which at least one selected from Ar1 to Ar3 includes an amino group as a substituent. In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by formula H-1 may be a carbazole compound comprising a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group in at least one of Ar1 and Ar2, or a fluorene compound comprising a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene group in at least one of Ar1 and Ar2.

[0171] The compound represented by formula H-1 can be represented by any of the compounds selected from group H. However, the compounds listed in group H are examples, and the compound represented by formula H-1 is not limited to the compounds represented by group H:

[0172] Compound group H

[0173]

[0174]

[0175] .

[0176] Hole transport regions (HTRs) may include phthalocyanine compounds (e.g., copper phthalocyanine), N1,N1'-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis(N1-phenyl-N4,N4-di-m-tolylphenyl-1,4-diamine) (DNTPD), 4,4',4''-[tris(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4',4''-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (TDATA), 4,4',4''-tris[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (2-TNATA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-phenylene) Poly(ethylene sulfonate) (PEDOT / PSS), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PANI / DBSA), polyaniline / camphor sulfonic acid (PANI / CSA), polyaniline / poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PANI / PSS), N,N'-di(naphthyl-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), triphenylamine-containing polyether ketone (TPAPEK), 4-isopropyl-4'-methyldiphenyliodonium [tetra(pentafluorophenyl)borate] and / or dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarboxynitrile (HAT-CN), etc.

[0177] Hole transport regions (HTRs) may include carbazole derivatives (e.g., N-phenylcarbazole and / or polyvinylcarbazole), fluorene derivatives, and / or triphenylamine derivatives (e.g., N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (TPD), 4,4',4”-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), N,N'-bis(naphthyl-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB), 4,4'-cyclohexylenebis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), 4,4'-bis[N,N'-(3-tolyl)amino]-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl (HMTPD) and / or 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP)).

[0178] In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region (HTR) may include 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi), 9-phenyl-9H-3,9'-bicarbazole (CCP), and / or 1,3-bis(1,8-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)benzene (mDCP), etc.

[0179] The hole transport region (HTR) may include, in at least one of the hole injection layer (HIL), the hole transport layer (HTL), and the electron blocking layer (EBL), a compound of the hole transport region (HTR) described herein.

[0180] The thickness of the hole transport region (HTR) can be approximately 100. To approximately 10,000 For example, about 100 To approximately 5,000 Within the range. If the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL (e.g., when the hole transport region HTR includes a hole injection layer HIL), the hole injection layer HIL may have a thickness of, for example, from about 30 Å to about 1,000 Å. If the hole transport region HTR includes a hole transport layer HTL (e.g., when the hole transport region HTR includes a hole transport layer HTL), the hole transport layer HTL may have a thickness of about 30 Å to about 1,000 Å. For example, if the hole transport region HTR includes an electron blocking layer EBL (e.g., when the hole transport region HTR includes an electron blocking layer EBL), the electron blocking layer EBL may have a thickness of about 10 Å to about 1,000 Å. If the thicknesses of the hole transport region HTR, hole injection layer HIL, hole transport layer HTL, and electron blocking layer EBL meet the aforementioned ranges (for example, when the thicknesses of the hole transport region HTR, hole injection layer HIL, hole transport layer HTL, and electron blocking layer EBL meet the aforementioned ranges), satisfactory or appropriate hole transport characteristics can be achieved without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0181] In addition to the materials described herein, the hole transport region (HTR) may further include a charge-generating material to increase conductivity (e.g., electrical conductivity). The charge-generating material may be uniformly (e.g., substantially uniformly) or non-uniformly (e.g., substantially non-uniformly) dispersed in the hole transport region (HTR). The charge-generating material may be, for example, a p-dopant. The p-dopant may include at least one of metal halides, quinone derivatives, metal oxides, and cyano-containing compounds, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, p-dopers may include metal halides (e.g., CuI and / or RbI), quinone derivatives (e.g., tetracyanoquinone dimethyl ether (TCNQ) and / or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinone dimethyl ether (F4-TCNQ)), metal oxides (e.g., tungsten oxide and / or molybdenum oxide) and / or cyano-containing compounds (e.g., dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarboxynitrile (HAT-CN) and / or 4-[[2,3-bis[cyano-(4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)methylene]cyclopropylidene]-cyanomethyl]-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzonitrile (NDP9)), etc., but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0182] As described herein, in addition to the hole injection layer HIL and the hole transport layer HTL, the hole transport region HTR may further include at least one of a buffer layer and an electron blocking layer EBL. The buffer layer can compensate for the resonant distance according to the wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer EML and thus can increase luminous efficiency. Materials that may be included in the hole transport region HTR can be used as materials included in the buffer layer. The electron blocking layer EBL may be a layer for preventing (or reducing or preventing) electron injection from the electron transport region ETR to the hole transport region HTR.

[0183] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may include a fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments as a first compound. The emitter layer EML according to one or more embodiments may further include at least one selected from the second to fourth compounds. The second compound may include a fused ring having three rings containing a nitrogen atom as a cyclizing atom. The third compound may include a six-membered ring containing at least one nitrogen atom as a cyclizing atom. The fourth compound may include an organometallic complex. The second to fourth compounds will be described in more detail herein.

[0184] In this disclosure, the first compound may be referred to as a fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments. A fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may comprise a fused ring having 11 rings in which a carbazole ring is fused with two or more rings as a core structure. In one or more embodiments, a fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may comprise at least one of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and a nitrogen atom as a cyclic atom at the para position relative to two boron atoms in the core structure. Therefore, fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments may exhibit excellent or suitable material stability and contribute to improving or enhancing the device lifespan of light-emitting elements (EDs).

[0185] The light-emitting element (ED) may include a fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments. The fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be represented by Formula 1.

[0186] Formula 1

[0187]

[0188] In Equation 1, X a X b Y1 and Y2 can each be independently O, S, or NR. x For example, X a and X b Each can be independently O or S, and Y1 can be NR. x X a and X b Each can be independently designated as NR x And Y1 can be O or S. However, this is just an example, and the implementation of this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0189] In Equation 1, Z1 to Z 19 Each can be N or CR independently. y For example, Z1 to Z 19 Each can be independently designated as a CR y However, this is just an example, and the implementation of this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0190] In Equation 1, R x and R y Each group may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I), a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. For example, R x and R yEach group may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I), a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and may optionally be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. For example, R x It can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms and / or can be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. For example, R x It can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzocyclohexyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted tetraphenyl group. R x It can be represented by any one selected from W-1 to W-14, where W-1 represents a hydrogen atom. In W-13 and W-14, D represents a deuterium atom. In W-1 to W-14, This refers to the position to be connected.

[0191]

[0192] For example, R y It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. For example, R y It can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butylphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzocyclohexyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl group.

[0193] In one or more embodiments, the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may include a chemical structure in which one or more hydrogen atoms in the fused polycyclic compound are optionally substituted with deuterium atoms (e.g., the fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may include at least one deuterium atom). For example, the deuterium atom may be directly bonded to a fused ring having 11 rings in which the carbazole ring is fused with two or more rings. In one or more embodiments, the substituent substituted with the deuterium atom may be bonded to the fused ring having 11 rings.

[0194] In one or more embodiments, Equation 1 may be represented by Equation 2. Equation 2 may represent where Z1 to Z2 in Equation 1 are... 19 For CR y The situation.

[0195] Formula 2

[0196]

[0197] The details described in Equation 1 can be similarly applied to X in Equation 2. a X b And Y1. In Formula 2, R1 to R6 may each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I), a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. For example, R1 to R5 may each independently not be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. However, this is an example, and embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0198] For example, R1 to R6 can each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butylphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzocyclohexyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamino group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group, or a substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl group. R1 to R6 can each independently be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, or can be represented by any one selected from R-1 to R-14. In R-13 and R-14, D is a deuterium atom. In R-1 to R-14, This refers to the position to be connected.

[0199]

[0200] For example, R1 and R4 can be the same, and R1 and R4 can each be freely selected from any one of the representations from R-1 to R-14. For example, R2 and R5 can be the same, and R2 and R5 can each be freely selected from any one of the representations from R-1 to R-14. R3 and R6 can be the same, and R3 and R6 can each be freely selected from any one of the representations from R-1 to R-14. However, this is just an example, and the implementation of this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0201] In Equation 2, n1, n3, and n4 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 3 independently, n2 and n5 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 4 independently, and n6 can be an integer selected from 0 to 2. If n1 is an integer of 2 or greater (e.g., when n1 is an integer of 2 or greater), the plurality of R1s can be the same or selected from at least one of the plurality of R1s that can be different. The case where n1 is 3 and the three R1s are hydrogen atoms is the same as the case where n1 is 0. If n3 is an integer of 2 or greater (e.g., when n3 is an integer of 2 or greater), the plurality of R3s can be the same or selected from at least one of the plurality of R3s that can be different. The case where n3 is 3 and the three R3s are hydrogen atoms is the same as the case where n3 is 0. If n4 is an integer of 2 or greater (e.g., when n4 is an integer of 2 or greater), the plurality of R4s can be the same or selected from at least one of the plurality of R4s that can be different. The case where n4 is 3 and the three R4s are hydrogen atoms is the same as the case where n4 is 0.

[0202] If n2 is an integer of 2 or greater (e.g., when n2 is an integer of 2 or greater), multiple R2s can be the same or selected from at least one of multiple R2s that can be different. The case where n2 is 4 and four R2s are hydrogen atoms is the same as the case where n2 is 0. If n5 is an integer of 2 or greater (e.g., when n5 is an integer of 2 or greater), multiple R5s can be the same or selected from at least one of multiple R5s that can be different. The case where n5 is 4 and four R5s are hydrogen atoms is the same as the case where n5 is 0.

[0203] If n6 ​​is 2 (for example, when n6 is 2), multiple R6s can be the same or different from each other. The case where n6 is 2 and both R6s are hydrogen atoms is the same as the case where n6 is 0.

[0204] In one or more embodiments, Equation 2 may be represented by any one of Equations 2-1 to 2-8. Equation 2-1 may represent X in Equation 2. a and X b Each independently as NR x And the case where Y1 is 0. Equation 2-2 can represent the case where X in Equation 2 is 0. a and X b Each independently as NR x And the case where Y1 is S. Equation 2-3 can represent the case where X in Equation 2 a Y1 and X are each independently O and X b For NR x The situation is as follows. Equation 2-4 can represent X in Equation 2. a Let S be a variable, Y1 be an integer, and X be an integer. b For NR x The situation is as follows. Equation 2-5 can represent X in Equation 2. aY1 and Y1 are each independently S and X b For NR x The situation is as follows. Equation 2-6 can represent X in Equation 2. b Y1 and X are each independently O and X a For NR x The situation is described in Equation 2-7, where X in Equation 2... b Y1 and Y1 are each independently S and X a For NR x The situation is described in Equation 2-8, where X in Equation 2... a X b The case where Y1 and Y2 are each independently O.

[0205] Equation 2-1

[0206]

[0207] Equation 2-2

[0208]

[0209] Equation 2-3

[0210]

[0211] Equation 2-4

[0212]

[0213] Formula 2-5

[0214]

[0215] Formula 2-6

[0216]

[0217] Formula 2-7

[0218]

[0219] Formula 2-8

[0220]

[0221] The details described in Equation 2 can be similarly applied to R1 to R6 and n1 to n6 in Equations 2-1 to 2-8. In Equations 2-1 to 2-8, Ar a1 and Ar a2Each group may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. For example, Ar a1 and Ar a2 Each can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, or Ar. a1 and Ar a2 Each can independently bond to a benzene ring to form a ring. However, this is just an example, and the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto.

[0222] In equations 2-1 to 2-8, a1 and a2 can each be independently an integer selected from 0 to 5. If a1 is an integer of 2 or greater (e.g., when a1 is an integer of 2 or greater), multiple Ar... a1 Can be the same or selected from multiple Ar a1 At least one of them can be different. Where a1 is 5 and five Ar are... a1 The case for hydrogen atoms is the same as the case where a1 is 0. If a2 is an integer of 2 or greater (e.g., when a2 is an integer of 2 or greater), multiple Ar atoms... a2 Can be the same or selected from multiple Ar a2 At least one of them can be different. Where a2 is 5 and five Ar are present. a2 The case where the atom is hydrogen is the same as the case where a2 is 0.

[0223] In one or more embodiments, Equation 2 may be represented by Equation 3. Equation 3 may represent the case in which R1 to R5 in Equation 2 are each independently not hydrogen atoms or deuterium atoms and R6 is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0224] Formula 3

[0225]

[0226] The details described in Equation 1 can be similarly applied to X in Equation 3. a X b And Y1. The details described in Equation 2 can be similarly applied to n1 to n5. For example, n1 to n5 can each be independently non-zero. However, this is an example, and the implementation of this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0227] In Equation 3, R 11 To R 15Each group may be independently a cyano, a substituted or unsubstituted amino, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. R 16 It can be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.

[0228] In Equation 3, n16 can be an integer selected from 0 to 2. If n16 is 2 (for example, when n16 is 2), multiple R 16 They can be the same or different. Where n16 is 2 and the two R's are... 16 The case where the atom is hydrogen is the same as the case where n16 is 0.

[0229] In one or more embodiments, Equation 2 may be represented by Equation 4. Equation 4 may represent the case where the bonding positions of R1 to R5 in Equation 2 are specified.

[0230] Formula 4

[0231]

[0232] The details described in Equation 1 can be similarly applied to X in Equation 4. a X b And Y1. In Equation 4, R a1 R b1 R c1 R d1 R e1 and R f1 Each of these groups may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I), a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring.

[0233] In Equation 4, R a2 R b2 R c2 R d2 and R e2 Each group may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. For example, R a2 and R d2 They can be the same. R b2 and Re2 The same may be true. However, this is just an example, and the implementation of this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0234] In Equation 4, m1, m3, and m4 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 2 independently, m2 and m5 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 3 independently, and m6 can be an integer selected from 0 to 2. If m1 is 2 (for example, when m1 is 2), multiple R a1 They can be the same or different. Where m1 is 2 and both R... a1 The case for hydrogen atoms is the same as the case where m1 is 0. If m3 is 2 (for example, when m3 is 2), multiple R... c1 They can be the same or different. Where m3 is 2 and both R... c1 The case for hydrogen atoms is the same as the case where m3 is 0. If m4 is 2 (for example, when m4 is 2), multiple R... d1 They can be the same or different from each other. Where m4 is 2 and both R... d1 The case where the hydrogen atom is present is the same as the case where m4 is 0.

[0235] If m2 is an integer of 2 or greater (e.g., when m2 is an integer of 2 or greater), multiple R b1 Can be the same or selected from multiple R b1 At least one of them can be different. Where m2 is 3 and the three R's are different. b1 The case for hydrogen atoms is the same as the case where m2 is 0. If m5 is an integer of 2 or greater (e.g., when m5 is an integer of 2 or greater), multiple R... e1 Can be the same or selected from multiple R e1 At least one of them can be different. Where m5 is 3 and the three R's are 3. e1 The case where the hydrogen atom is present is the same as the case where m5 is 0.

[0236] If m6 is 2 (for example, when m6 is 2), multiple R f1 They can be the same or different. Where m6 is 2 and both R... f1 The case where the hydrogen atom is present is the same as the case where m6 is 0.

[0237] The fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by any of the compounds selected from Compound Group 1. The fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be represented by any of the compounds selected from Compound Group 1. The light-emitting element ED according to one or more embodiments may include at least one of the compounds selected from Compound Group 1. In Compound Group 1, D is a deuterium atom.

[0238] Compound group 1

[0239]

[0240]

[0241]

[0242]

[0243]

[0244]

[0245]

[0246]

[0247]

[0248]

[0249]

[0250]

[0251]

[0252]

[0253]

[0254]

[0255]

[0256]

[0257]

[0258]

[0259]

[0260]

[0261]

[0262]

[0263]

[0264]

[0265]

[0266]

[0267]

[0268]

[0269]

[0270]

[0271]

[0272]

[0273]

[0274]

[0275]

[0276]

[0277]

[0278]

[0279]

[0280]

[0281]

[0282]

[0283]

[0284]

[0285]

[0286]

[0287]

[0288]

[0289]

[0290]

[0291]

[0292]

[0293]

[0294]

[0295]

[0296]

[0297]

[0298]

[0299]

[0300]

[0301]

[0302]

[0303]

[0304]

[0305]

[0306]

[0307]

[0308]

[0309]

[0310]

[0311]

[0312]

[0313]

[0314]

[0315]

[0316]

[0317]

[0318]

[0319]

[0320]

[0321]

[0322]

[0323]

[0324]

[0325]

[0326]

[0327]

[0328]

[0329]

[0330]

[0331]

[0332]

[0333]

[0334]

[0335]

[0336]

[0337] A light-emitting element (ED) comprising a fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may have a peak emission wavelength in the wavelength range of about 440 nm to about 480 nm. The peak emission wavelength indicates the wavelength at the position of maximum emission intensity in the emission spectrum. A light-emitting element (ED) comprising a fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may emit blue light. A third light-emitting element ED-3 (emitting blue light) Figure 2It may include fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments.

[0338] The emission layer EML may include a fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments as a dopant. The fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be a delayed fluorescence material. The fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may be a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material. The fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may emit light by converting a triplet exciton into a singlet exciton due to a reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) mechanism.

[0339] Commonly used compounds, including those with nine rings (excluding the carbazole ring), have high molecular weights. Therefore, these compounds exhibit high intermolecular reactivity, making purification via sublimation during synthesis difficult, and consequently, they display poor heat resistance and short component lifespans.

[0340] Unlike commonly used compounds, fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments may include a fused ring having 11 rings in which a carbazole ring is fused with two or more rings as a core structure, and thus may exhibit improved or enhanced heat resistance. A fused ring having 11 rings in which a carbazole ring is fused with two or more rings may have large resonance or conjugation, and thus the fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments can be easily purified by sublimation during the synthesis of the compound, exhibiting increased heat resistance and excellent or suitable material stability. In one or more embodiments, by introducing a fused ring having 11 rings including a carbazole ring and having large resonance or conjugation, the electron mobility of the compound is increased, thus increasing the possibility of electron transfer, and thus improving or enhancing the molar extinction coefficient (ε) and oscillator strength of the fused polycyclic compound. Compounds with high molar extinction coefficients and high oscillator strengths may have increased emissivity, and thus may contribute to increased internal quantum efficiency. Therefore, light-emitting elements (EDs) including fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments may exhibit long element lifetime characteristics.

[0341] Fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments may comprise a fused ring having 11 rings in which the carbazole ring is fused with two or more rings as a core structure, and thus, as described herein, may have large resonances or conjugations, resulting in high structural stability and a substantially uniform electron distribution. Therefore, fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments may exhibit reactivity capable of introducing multiple functional groups. Accordingly, fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments can be used to synthesize derivatives. In one or more embodiments, fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments may contribute to reducing molecular weight.

[0342] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may include a fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments, and may further include at least one selected from the second to the fourth compound. In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may include a second compound represented by formula HT-1. For example, the second compound may be used as a hole transport host material in the emitter layer EML.

[0343] HT-1

[0344]

[0345] In formula HT-1, A1 to A8 can each be N or CR independently. 51 For example, all A1 to A8 can be CR. 51 In one or more embodiments, any one of A1 to A8 may be N, and the remainder may be CR. 51 .

[0346] In formula HT-1, L1 can be a directly linked (e.g., a single covalent bond), substituted or unsubstituted arylene having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, L1 can be a directly linked (e.g., a single covalent bond), substituted or unsubstituted phenylene, substituted or unsubstituted divalent biphenyl, and / or substituted or unsubstituted divalent carbazole, etc., but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0347] In equation HT-1, Y a It can be a direct link (e.g., a single covalent bond), CR 52 R 53 or SiR 54 R 55 For example, in the pointerable formula HT-1, the two benzene rings connected to the nitrogen atom are directly linked (e.g., by a single covalent bond). or Connection. In equation HT-1, if Y a For direct connections (e.g., a single covalent bond) (e.g., when Y a When the connection is direct (e.g., a single covalent bond), the second compound represented by formula HT-1 may include a carbazole moiety.

[0348] In formula HT-1, Ar1 can be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, Ar1 can be a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenel and / or a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl, etc., but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0349] In equation HT-1, R 51 To R 55 Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I), a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, R 51 To R 55 Each of these groups can bond with an adjacent group to form a ring. For example, R 51 To R 55 Each can be an independent hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom. R 51 To R 55 Each can be an unsubstituted methyl or an unsubstituted phenyl group, and each can be independently represented by an unsubstituted methyl group or an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0350] In one or more embodiments, the second compound represented by formula HT-1 may be represented by any of the compounds selected from compound group 2. The emitter layer EML may include at least one of the compounds selected from compound group 2 as a hole transport host material.

[0351] Compound group 2

[0352]

[0353]

[0354]

[0355]

[0356] In the compounds presented in Group 2, “D” refers to a deuterium atom, and “Ph” refers to a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. For example, in the compounds presented in Group 2, “Ph” could refer to an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0357] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may include a third compound represented by formula ET-1. For example, the third compound may be used as an electron transport host material for the emitter layer EML.

[0358] ET-1

[0359]

[0360] In Equation ET-1, at least one selected from X1 to X3 can be N, and the rest can be CR. 56 For example, any one of X1 to X3 can be N, and the rest can each be CR independently. 56 In this case, the third compound represented by formula ET-1 may include a pyridine moiety. In one or more embodiments, two selected from X1 to X3 may be N, and the remainder may be CR. 56 In this case, the third compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a pyrimidine moiety. In one or more embodiments, X1 to X3 may all be N. In this case, the third compound represented by Formula ET-1 may include a triazine moiety.

[0361] In equation ET-1, R 56 It may be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0362] In Equation ET-1, b1 to b3 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 10 independently.

[0363] In formula ET-1, Ar2 to Ar4 can each independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, Ar2 to Ar4 can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole group.

[0364] In formula ET-1, L2 to L4 can each independently be a directly linked (e.g., a single covalent bond), substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, if b1 to b3 are 2 or greater integers (e.g., when b1 to b3 are 2 or greater integers), the plurality of L2 to the plurality of L4 can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0365] In one or more embodiments, the third compound may be represented by any of the compounds selected from compound group 3. The light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments may include at least one (e.g., any) of the compounds selected from compound group 3.

[0366] Compound group 3

[0367]

[0368]

[0369]

[0370]

[0371]

[0372]

[0373]

[0374]

[0375]

[0376]

[0377]

[0378] In the compounds presented in compound group 3, "D" refers to a deuterium atom, and "Ph" refers to an unsubstituted phenyl group.

[0379] The emitter layer EML may include a second compound and a third compound, and the second and third compounds may form an excited-state complex. In the emitter layer EML, the excited-state complex can be formed by a hole transport host and an electron transport host. In this case, the triplet energy level of the excited-state complex formed by the hole transport host and the electron transport host corresponds to the difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the electron transport host and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of the hole transport host.

[0380] For example, the absolute value of the triplet level (T1) of the excited-state complex formed by the hole transport host and the electron transport host can be in the range of about 2.4 eV to about 3.0 eV. In one or more embodiments, the triplet level of the excited-state complex can be smaller than the bandgap value of each host material. The excited-state complex can have a triplet level of about 3.0 eV or less, which serves as the bandgap between the hole transport host and the electron transport host.

[0381] In one or more embodiments, in addition to the first to third compounds as described herein, the emissive layer EML may also include a fourth compound. The fourth compound may be used as a sensitizer for the emissive layer EML. Energy may be transferred from the fourth compound to the first compound, thereby emitting light.

[0382] For example, the emitting layer EML may include an organometallic compound as a fourth compound, the organometallic compound containing platinum (Pt) as a central metal atom and ligands attached to the central metal atom. The emitting layer EML in one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element ED may include a compound represented by formula D-1 as a fourth compound:

[0383] Formula D-1

[0384] .

[0385] In equation D-1, Q1 to Q4 can each be C or N independently.

[0386] In formula D-1, C1 to C4 can each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group having 5 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0387] In equation D-1, L 11 To L 13 Each can be a direct connection (e.g., a single covalent bond) independently. , , , Substituted or unsubstituted alkylene groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene groups having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene groups having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. In L 11 To L 13 middle," "Refers to the part connected to C1 to C4."

[0388] In equation D-1, b11 to b13 can each be 0 or 1 independently. If b11 is 0 (for example, when b11 is 0), C1 and C2 may not be connected to each other. If b12 is 0 (for example, when b12 is 0), C2 and C3 may not be connected to each other. If b13 is 0 (for example, when b13 is 0), C3 and C4 may not be connected to each other.

[0389] In equation D-1, R 61 To R 66Each of these can independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I), a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, R 61 To R 66 Each of the groups can bond with adjacent groups to form a ring. R 61 To R 66 Each can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted methyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted tert-butyl group.

[0390] In formula D-1, d1 to d4 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 4 independently. In formula D-1, if each of d1 to d4 is 0 (e.g., when each of d1 to d4 is 0), the fourth compound may not be affected by R. 61 To R 64 Each of d1 to d4 is replaced. Where each of d1 to d4 is 4 and R 61 To R 64 The case where each of R is a hydrogen atom is the same as the case where each of d1 to d4 is 0. If (for example, when) each of d1 to d4 is an integer of 2 or greater, multiple R... 61 Up to multiple R 64 They can be the same or selected from multiple Rs. 61 Up to multiple R 64 At least one of them may be different from the others.

[0391] In formula D-1, C1 to C4 can each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group represented by any one of C-1 to C-4:

[0392]

[0393] .

[0394] In C-1 to C-4, P1 can be... or CR 74 P2 can be or NR 81 P3 can be or NR 82 And P4 can be or CR 88 R 71 To R88 Each of them may be independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring.

[0395] In one or more embodiments, in C-1 to C-4, " "Corresponds to the portion attached to Pt as the central metal atom, and" "Corresponds to the C1 to C4 cyclic groups or the linking group L connected to the adjacent cyclic group." 11 To L 13 The part.

[0396] An emitting layer EML in one or more embodiments may include a first compound as a fused polycyclic compound, and at least one selected from a second to a fourth compound. For example, an emitting layer EML may include a first compound, a second compound, and a third compound. In the emitting layer EML, the second and third compounds may form an excited-state complex, and energy may be transferred from the excited-state complex to the first compound, thereby emitting light.

[0397] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may include a first compound, a second compound, a third compound, and a fourth compound. In the emitter layer EML, the second and third compounds may form an excited-state complex, and energy may be transferred from the excited-state complex to the fourth and first compounds, thereby emitting light. In one or more embodiments, the fourth compound may be a sensitizer (i.e., an auxiliary dopant). The fourth compound included in the emitter layer EML of one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element ED can be used as a sensitizer to deliver energy from the host to the first compound, which is a light-emitting dopant. For example, the fourth compound, used as an auxiliary dopant, can accelerate the delivery of energy to the first compound, thereby increasing the emission ratio of the first compound. Therefore, the emitter layer EML of one or more embodiments can improve or enhance luminous efficiency. In one or more embodiments, if the energy delivered to the first compound increases (e.g., when the energy delivered to the first compound increases), excitons formed in the emitter layer EML do not accumulate inside the emitter layer EML and emit light rapidly, thus reducing the degradation of the light-emitting element ED (e.g., the degree or occurrence of degradation). Therefore, the device lifetime of the light-emitting element ED of one or more embodiments can be increased.

[0398] One or more embodiments of the light-emitting element (ED) may include all of the first, second, third, and fourth compounds, and the emission layer (EML) may include a combination of two host materials and two dopant materials. In one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element (ED), the emission layer (EML) may simultaneously (e.g., synchronously) include the second and third compounds as two different hosts, the first compound that emits delayed fluorescence, and the fourth compound comprising an organometallic complex, thereby exhibiting superior or appropriate luminescent efficiency characteristics.

[0399] In one or more embodiments, the fourth compound represented by formula D-1 may include at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by compound group 4. The emitter layer EML may include at least one compound selected from the group of compounds represented by compound group 4 as a sensitizer material.

[0400] Compound group 4

[0401]

[0402]

[0403]

[0404]

[0405]

[0406] In the compounds presented in compound group 4, "D" refers to the deuterium atom.

[0407] If the emitting layer EML in one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element ED comprises all of the first compound, second compound, third compound, and fourth compound (e.g., when the emitting layer EML in one or more embodiments of the light-emitting element ED comprises all of the first compound, second compound, third compound, and fourth compound), the content (e.g., amount) of the first compound may range from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt% relative to the total weight of the first compound, second compound, third compound, and fourth compound (e.g., based on a total of 100 wt% of the first compound, second compound, third compound, and fourth compound). However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. If the content (e.g., amount) of the first compound meets the proportions described herein (e.g., when the content (e.g., amount) of the first compound meets the proportions described herein), energy transfer from the second and third compounds to the first compound may be increased, and thus luminous efficiency and device lifetime may be increased.

[0408] The content (e.g., amount) of the second and third compounds in the emitter layer EML can be the remaining content (e.g., amount) beyond the weight of the first and fourth compounds. For example, relative to the total weight of the first, second, third, and fourth compounds (e.g., based on a total of 100 wt% of the first, second, third, and fourth compounds), the content (e.g., amount) of the second and third compounds in the emitter layer EML can range from about 65 wt% to about 95 wt%.

[0409] In the total weight of the second and third compounds, the weight ratio of the second and third compounds can be in the range of about 3:7 to about 7:3.

[0410] If the content (e.g., amount) of the second and third compounds meets the aforementioned ratio (e.g., when the content (e.g., amount) of the second and third compounds meets the aforementioned ratio), the charge balance characteristics in the emitter layer EML can be improved or enhanced, and thus the luminous efficiency and device lifespan can be increased. If the content (e.g., amount) of the second and third compounds deviates from the aforementioned ratio range (e.g., when the content (e.g., amount) of the second and third compounds deviates from the aforementioned ratio range), the charge balance in the emitter layer EML can be disrupted, and thus the luminous efficiency may be reduced and the light-emitting element ED may be prone to degradation.

[0411] If the emitter layer EML includes a fourth compound (e.g., when the emitter layer EML includes a fourth compound), the content (e.g., amount) of the fourth compound in the emitter layer EML may range from about 4 wt% to about 30 wt% relative to the total weight of the first, second, third, and fourth compounds (e.g., based on a total of 100 wt% of the first, second, third, and fourth compounds). However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. If the content (e.g., amount) of the fourth compound meets the content (e.g., amount) described herein (e.g., when the content (e.g., amount) of the fourth compound meets the content (e.g., amount) described herein, energy delivery from the host to the first compound, which is a light-emitting dopant, may be increased, thereby improving or enhancing the light emission ratio, and thus improving or enhancing the light emission efficiency of the emitter layer EML. If the first, second, third, and fourth compounds included in the emitter layer EML meet the content (e.g., amount) ratio range described herein (e.g., when the first, second, third, and fourth compounds included in the emitter layer EML meet the content (e.g., amount) ratio range described herein), excellent or appropriate luminous efficiency and long device life can be achieved.

[0412] An emitter layer (EML) can be provided on the hole transport region (HTR). The emitter layer (EML) can have a thickness of, for example, from about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å or from about 100 Å to about 300 Å. The emitter layer (EML) can have a monolayer structure comprising a single layer formed or composed of a single material; a monolayer structure comprising a single layer formed or composed of multiple different materials; or a multilayer structure having multiple layers formed or composed of multiple different materials.

[0413] In addition to the fused polycyclic compounds of one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may further include the compounds described herein.

[0414] In one or more embodiments of a light-emitting element (ED), the emitting layer (EML) may include anthracene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, fluoranthene derivatives, 1,2-benzophenanthrene derivatives, dihydrobenzanthene derivatives, and / or triphenylene derivatives. For example, the emitting layer (EML) may include anthracene derivatives and / or pyrene derivatives.

[0415] exist Figures 3 to 6 In each of the one or more embodiments illustrated herein, the emitting layer EML may further include, in addition to the host and dopants described herein, a generally available or commonly used host and dopants, and, for example, the emitting layer EML may include a compound represented by Formula E-1. The compound represented by Formula E-1 can be used as a fluorescent host material.

[0416] E-1

[0417]

[0418] In equation E-1, R 31 To R 40 Each of these groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I), a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. In one or more embodiments, R 31 To R 40 It can bond with adjacent groups to form saturated hydrocarbon rings, unsaturated hydrocarbon rings, saturated heterocycles, or unsaturated heterocycles.

[0419] In E-1, c and d can each be an integer selected from 0 to 5 independently.

[0420] The compound represented by formula E-1 can be represented by any one of compounds selected from E1 to E21:

[0421]

[0422] .

[0423] In one or more embodiments, the emitting layer EML may include a compound represented by formula E-2a or E-2b. The compound represented by formula E-2a or E-2b may be used as a host material for the emitting layer of a phosphorescent element.

[0424] E-2a

[0425]

[0426] In equation E-2a, a can be an integer selected from 0 to 10, and L a It can be a directly linked (e.g., a single covalent bond), substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, if a is an integer of 2 or greater (e.g., when a is an integer of 2 or greater), a plurality of L a Each can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0427] In one or more embodiments, in formula E-2a, A1 to A5 can each be N or CR independently. i R a To R i Each group may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. R a To R i It can bond with adjacent groups to form hydrocarbon rings or heterocycles containing N, O and / or S as cyclic atoms.

[0428] In one or more embodiments, in formula E-2a, two or three selected from A1 to A5 may be N, and the remainder may be CR. i .

[0429] E-2b

[0430]

[0431] In formula E-2b, Cbz1 and Cbz2 can each be independently an unsubstituted carbazole group or a carbazole group substituted with an aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. b It can be a directly linked (e.g., a single covalent bond), substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, b can be an integer selected from 0 to 10, and if b is an integer of 2 or greater (e.g., when b is an integer of 2 or greater), a plurality of L b Each can be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0432] The compound represented by formula E-2a or E-2b may be represented by any of the compounds selected from compound group E-2. However, the compounds listed in compound group E-2 are examples, and the compounds represented by formula E-2a or E-2b are not limited to the compounds represented in compound group E-2.

[0433] Compound group E-2

[0434]

[0435]

[0436]

[0437]

[0438] The emitter layer EML may further include suitable general materials in the art as the host material. For example, the emitter layer EML may include at least one of the following as the host material: bis(4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenyl)diphenylsilane (BCPDS), (4-(1-(4-(diphenylamino)phenyl)cyclohexyl)phenyl)diphenylphosphine oxide (POPCPA), bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether oxide (DPEPO), 4,4'-bis(N-carbazole)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-bis(N-carbazole)benzene (mCP), 2,8-bis(diphenylphosphino)dibenzo[b,d]furan (PPF), 4,4',4''-tris(N-carbazole)triphenylamine (TCTA), 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi) and 3,3'-bis(9H-carbazole-9-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl (mCBP). However, the embodiments disclosed herein are not limited thereto, and, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), 9,10-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)anthracene (TBADN), stilbene aromatic hydrocarbon (DSA), 4,4'-bis(9-carbazolyl)-2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl (CDBP), 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)anthracene (MADN), hexaphenylcyclotriphosphazene (CP1), 1,4-bis(triphenylsilyl)benzene (UGH2), hexaphenylcyclotrisiloxane (DPSiO3) and / or octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane (DPSiO4) can be used as the host material.

[0439] The emitter layer (EML) may include compounds represented by the formula Ma. Compounds represented by the formula Ma can be used as phosphorescent dopant materials.

[0440] Formula Ma

[0441]

[0442] In formula Ma, Y1 to Y4 and Z1 to Z4 may each be independently CR1 or N, and R1 to R4 may each be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. In formula Ma, m may be 0 or 1, and n may be 2 or 3. In formula Ma, if m is 0 (e.g., when m is 0), n may be 3, and if m is 1 (e.g., when m is 1), n ​​may be 2.

[0443] Compounds represented by the formula Ma can be used as phosphorescent dopants.

[0444] The compound represented by formula Ma can be represented by any one of compounds selected from M-a1 to M-a25. However, compounds M-a1 to M-a25 are examples, and the compound represented by formula Ma is not limited to the compounds represented by compounds M-a1 to M-a25.

[0445]

[0446]

[0447]

[0448]

[0449]

[0450]

[0451] The emitter layer (EML) may include a compound represented by any one of formulas Fa to Fc. A compound represented by any one of formulas Fa to Fc can be used as a fluorescent dopant material.

[0452] Formula Fa

[0453]

[0454] In the formula Fa, the formula is selected from R. a To R j The two in can be independently... Replace. (Selected from R) a To R j Among them, not The other substituted groups may be, independently, hydrogen atoms, deuterium atoms, halogen atoms (e.g., F, Cl, Br or I), cyano, substituted or unsubstituted amino groups, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl groups having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0455] exist In this context, Ar1 and Ar2 can each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. For example, at least one of Ar1 and Ar2 can be a heteroaryl group containing O or S as a cyclic atom.

[0456] Formula Fb

[0457]

[0458] In equation Fb, R a and R b Each of the Ar1 to Ar4 groups may independently be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. Each of the Ar1 to Ar4 groups may independently be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0459] In formula Fb, U and V can each be independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group having 5 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. At least one selected from Ar1 to Ar4 can be a heteroaryl group containing O or S as a cyclic atom.

[0460] In formula Fb, the number of rings represented by U and V can each be 0 or 1 independently. For example, in formula Fb, if the number of U or V is 1 (e.g., when the number of U or V is 1), a ring can form part of a fused ring at the portion indicated by U or V, and if the number of U or V is 0 (e.g., when the number of U or V is 0), the ring indicated by U or V may not exist. For example, if the number of U is 0 and the number of V is 1 (e.g., when the number of U is 0 and the number of V is 1) or if the number of U is 1 and the number of V is 0 (e.g., when the number of U is 1 and the number of V is 0), the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with four rings. In one or more embodiments, if the number of U and V is 0 (e.g., when the number of U and V is 0), the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with three rings. In one or more embodiments, if the quantities of U and V are each 1 (e.g., when the quantities of U and V are each 1), the fused ring with a fluorene core in formula Fb can be a cyclic compound with five rings.

[0461] Formula Fc

[0462]

[0463] In equation Fc, A1 and A2 can each be independently O, S, Se, or NR. m And R mIt can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. R1 to R 11 Each of these groups may be independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom (e.g., F, Cl, Br, or I), a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxygen group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or may be bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring.

[0464] In formula Fc, A1 and A2 can each independently bond with substituents of adjacent rings to form fused rings. For example, if A1 and A2 are each independently NR m (For example, when A1 and A2 are each independently NR) m (At the time), A1 may be bonded to R4 or R5 to form a ring. In one or more embodiments, A2 may be bonded to R7 or R8 to form a ring.

[0465] In one or more embodiments, the emitter layer EML may further comprise, as a suitable dopant material, a styrene derivative (e.g., 1,4-bis[2-(3-N-ethylcarbazolyl)vinyl]benzene (BCzVB), 4-(di-p-tolylamino)-4'-[(di-p-tolylamino)styrene]stilbene (DPAVB), N-(4-((E)-2-(6-((E)-4-(diphenylamino)styrene)naphthalene-2- (N-BDAVBi)-N-phenylaniline (N-BDAVBi) and / or 4,4'-bis[2-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phenyl)vinyl]biphenyl (DPAVBi)), perylene and / or its derivatives (e.g., 2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (TBP)) and / or pyrene and / or its derivatives (e.g., 1,1'-dipyrene, 1,4-dipyrenebenzene and / or 1,4-bis(N,N-diphenylamino)pyrene) etc.

[0466] The emitter layer (EML) may further include a suitable phosphorescent dopant material. For example, metal composites containing iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), gold (Au), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), or thulium (Tm) can be used as phosphorescent dopant. For example, bis(4,6-difluorophenylpyridinyl-N,C2')pyridinecarboxylate iridium(III) (FIrpic), bis(2,4-difluorophenylpyridinyl)tetra(1-pyrazolyl)boronate iridium(III) (FIr6), and / or octaethylporphyrin platinum (PtOEP) can be used as phosphorescent dopant. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0467] The emitter layer (EML) may include quantum dot materials. The core of the quantum dots may be selected from group II-VI compounds, group III-VI compounds, group I-III-VI compounds, group III-V compounds, group III-II-V compounds, group IV-VI compounds, group IV elements, group IV compounds, and combinations thereof.

[0468] Group II-VI compounds may be selected from the group consisting of: binary compounds selected from the group consisting of CdSe, CdTe, CdS, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS and mixtures thereof; and compounds selected from the group consisting of CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, C Ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of dZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of HgZnTeS, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe and mixtures thereof.

[0469] Group III-VI compounds may include: binary compounds (e.g., In2S3 and In2Se3); ternary compounds (e.g., InGaS3 and InGaSe3); or any combination thereof.

[0470] Group I-III-VI compounds may be selected from: ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of AgInS, AgInS2, CuInS, CuInS2, AgGaS2, CuGaS2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, AgAlO2 and mixtures thereof; or quaternary compounds (e.g., AgInGaS, AgInGaS2, AgInGaSe, AgInGaSe2, CuInGaS and CuInGaS2).

[0471] Group III-V compounds may be selected from the group consisting of: binary compounds selected from the group consisting of GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InAlP, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, InAlPSb, and mixtures thereof. Group III-V compounds may further include Group II metals. For example, InZnP and other compounds can be selected as group III-II-V compounds.

[0472] Group IV-VI compounds may be selected from the following groups: binary compounds selected from the group consisting of SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, and mixtures thereof; ternary compounds selected from the group consisting of SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, and mixtures thereof; and quaternary compounds selected from the group consisting of SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, SnPbSTe, and mixtures thereof. Group IV elements may be selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, and mixtures thereof. Group IV compounds may be binary compounds selected from the group consisting of SiC, SiGe, and mixtures thereof.

[0473] Each element included in a multi-element compound (e.g., binary compounds, ternary compounds and quaternary compounds) may be present in the particles at a substantially uniform concentration or a substantially non-uniform concentration. For example, the formula described herein may indicate the type (kind) of elements included in the compound, and the proportion of elements in the compound may vary. For example, AgInGaS2 may indicate AgIn x Ga 1-x S2 (wherein x is a real number satisfying 0<x<1).

[0474] Quantum dots may have a single structure in which each element is included at a substantially uniform concentration in the corresponding quantum dot, or a core-shell dual structure. For example, the material included in the core may be different from the material included in the shell.

[0475] The shell of a quantum dot may serve as a protective layer that avoids chemical denaturation of the core (or reduces the degree or occurrence of chemical denaturation of the core) to maintain semiconductor properties and / or a charging layer that imparts electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell may be a single layer or multiple layers. The interface between the core and the shell may have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of an element present in the shell gradually decreases toward the center of the core.

[0476] In one or more embodiments, a quantum dot may have a core-shell structure including a core comprising the nanocrystals described herein and a shell surrounding (e.g., around) the core. Examples of the shell of a quantum dot may include metal or nonmetal oxides, semiconductor compounds, or combinations thereof.

[0477] Examples of metal or nonmetal oxides may include: binary compounds (e.g., SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4 and NiO); or ternary compounds (e.g., MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4 and CoMn2O4), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0478] Furthermore, examples of semiconductor compounds may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnSTe, GaAs, GaP, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP and / or AlSb, etc., but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0479] Each element included in a multi-element compound (e.g., binary compounds and ternary compounds) may be present in the particles at a substantially uniform concentration or a substantially non-uniform concentration. For example, the formula described herein may indicate the type (kind) of elements included in the compound, and the proportion of elements in the compound may vary.

[0480] The emission wavelength spectrum of quantum dots can have a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 45 nm or less, for example, about 40 nm or less, and for example, about 30 nm or less, and within the aforementioned range, color purity or color reproducibility can be improved or enhanced. In one or more embodiments, light emitted by quantum dots can be emitted in all directions, and thus the optical viewing angle can be improved or enhanced.

[0481] In one or more embodiments, the shape of the quantum dots may be any shape commonly used in the art and is not limited thereto. However, for example, quantum dots may be spherical nanoparticles, conical nanoparticles, multi-armed nanoparticles, cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers and / or nanoplates, etc.

[0482] The band gap can be controlled or selected by controlling the size of the quantum dots or by controlling the elemental ratios in the quantum dot compound, and thus light with one or more suitable wavelength bands can be emitted from the quantum dot emitting layer. Therefore, by using the quantum dots described herein (using quantum dots of different sizes or quantum dots with different elemental ratios in the quantum dot compound), a light-emitting element (ED) emitting light with one or more suitable wavelength bands can be realized. For example, the size of the quantum dots and the elemental ratios in the quantum dot compound can be selected to emit red, green, and / or blue light. In one or more embodiments, the quantum dots can be configured or provided to emit white light by combining one or more suitable colors of light.

[0483] exist Figures 3 to 6 In each of the light-emitting elements (EDs) of one or more embodiments illustrated herein, an electron transport region (ETR) may be provided on an emitter layer (EML). The electron transport region (ETR) may include at least one of a hole blocking layer (HBL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL), but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0484] The electronic transport region (ETR) may have a single-layer structure comprising a single layer formed or composed of a single material; a single-layer structure comprising a single layer formed or composed of multiple different materials; or a multi-layer structure comprising multiple layers formed or composed of multiple different materials.

[0485] For example, the electron transport region (ETR) may have a single-layer structure of an electron injection layer (EIL) or an electron transport layer (ETL), or it may have a single-layer structure formed or composed of an electron injection material and an electron transport material. In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region (ETR) may have a single-layer structure formed or composed of a variety of different materials, or it may have a structure in which the electron transport layer (ETL) / electron injection layer (EIL) or hole blocking layer (HBL) / electron transport layer (ETL) / electron injection layer (EIL) are stacked sequentially from the emitter layer (EML), but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. The electron transport region (ETR) may have, for example, a structure with approximately 1,000 To approximately 1,500 The thickness is within the range.

[0486] The electron transport region (ETR) can be formed using one or more suitable methods (e.g., vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brookett (LB) method, inkjet printing, laser printing and / or laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI) method).

[0487] The electron transport region (ETR) may include compounds represented by formula ET-2:

[0488] ET-2

[0489] .

[0490] In Equation ET-2, at least one selected from X1 to X3 can be N, and the rest can be CR. a R a Ar1 to Ar3 can each be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0491] In Formula ET-2, a to c can each be an integer selected from 0 to 10. In Formula ET-2, L1 to L3 can each be a directly linked (e.g., a single covalent bond), substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. In one or more embodiments, if a to c are each an integer of 2 or greater (e.g., when a to c are each an integer of 2 or greater), the plurality of L1 to the plurality of L3 can each be a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms.

[0492] The electron transport region (ETR) may include anthracene compounds. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the ETR may include, for example, tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3), 1,3,5-tris[(3-pyridyl)-benzyl-3-yl]benzene, 2,4,6-tris(3'-(pyridyl-3-yl)biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4-(N-phenylbenzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-9,10-dinaphthane, and 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) Benzene (TPBi), 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), 4-(naphthyl-1-yl)-3,5-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (NTAZ), 2-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole ( t Bu-PBD), bis(2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline-N1,O8)-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-hydroxy)aluminum (BAlq), bis(benzoquinoline-10-hydroxy)beryllium (Bebq2), 9,10-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)anthracene (ADN), 1,3-bis[3,5-bis(pyridin-3-yl)phenyl]benzene (BmPyPhB) or mixtures thereof.

[0493] The electron transport region (ETR) may include at least one selected from compounds ET1 to ET36:

[0494]

[0495]

[0496]

[0497] .

[0498] In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region (ETR) may include metal halides (e.g., LiF, NaCl, CsF, RbCl, RbI, CuI, and KI), lanthanides (e.g., Yb), and co-deposited materials of metal halides and lanthanides. For example, the ETR may include KI:Yb, RbI:Yb, and / or LiF:Yb as co-deposited materials. In one or more embodiments, the ETR may be formed using metal oxides (e.g., Li₂O or BaO) and / or lithium 8-hydroxyquinoline (Liq), but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. The ETR may also be formed or composed of a mixture of an electron transport material and an insulating (e.g., electrically insulating) organometallic salt. The insulating organometallic salt may be a material having a band gap of about 4 eV or greater. For example, the insulating organometallic salt may include, for example, metal acetates, metal benzoates, metal acetoacetates, metal acetylacetonates, or metal stearates.

[0499] In addition to the materials described herein, the electron transport region (ETR) may further include at least one of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), diphenyl(4-(triphenylsilyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (TSPO1), and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0500] The electron transport region (ETR) may include, in at least one of the electron injection layer (EIL), the electron transport layer (ETL), and the hole blocking layer (HBL), a compound of the electron transport region (ETR) described herein.

[0501] If the electron transport region (ETR) includes an electron transport layer (ETL) (e.g., when the ETR includes an ETL), the ETL may have a thickness of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. If the thickness of the ETL meets the aforementioned range (e.g., when the ETL thickness meets the aforementioned range), satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage. If the ETR includes an electron injection layer (EIL) (e.g., when the ETR includes an EIL), the EIL may have a thickness of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. If the thickness of the EIL meets the aforementioned range (e.g., when the EIL thickness meets the aforementioned range), satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0502] The second electrode EL2 may be provided on the electron transport region ETR. The second electrode EL2 may be a common electrode. The second electrode EL2 may be a cathode or an anode, but embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, if the first electrode EL1 is an anode (e.g., when the first electrode EL1 is an anode), the second electrode EL2 may be a cathode, and if the first electrode EL1 is a cathode (e.g., when the first electrode EL1 is a cathode), the second electrode EL2 may be an anode.

[0503] The second electrode EL2 can be a transmission electrode, a transmission-reflection electrode, or a reflection electrode. If the second electrode EL2 is a transmission electrode (e.g., when the second electrode EL2 is a transmission electrode), the second electrode EL2 can be formed or composed of a transparent (e.g., substantially transparent) metal oxide (e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), and / or indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), etc.).

[0504] If the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive-reflective electrode or a reflective electrode (e.g., when the second electrode EL2 is a transmissive-reflective electrode or a reflective electrode), the second electrode EL2 may include Ag, Mg, Cu, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca, LiF, Mo, Ti, Yb, W, Na, or compounds thereof or mixtures thereof (e.g., AgMg, AgYb, MgYb, AgLi, or AgNa), or materials having a multilayer structure, such as LiF / Ca (a stacked structure of LiF and Ca) or LiF / Al (a stacked structure of LiF and Al). In one or more embodiments, the second electrode EL2 may have a multilayer structure, including a reflective or transmissive-reflective film formed or composed of materials described herein, and a transparent (e.g., substantially transparent) conductive (e.g., electrically conductive) film formed or composed of ITO, IZO, ZnO, and / or ITZO, etc. For example, the second electrode EL2 may include metallic materials described herein, combinations of at least two metallic materials described herein, and / or oxides of metallic materials described herein, etc.

[0505] The second electrode EL2 can be connected to the auxiliary electrode. If the second electrode EL2 is connected to the auxiliary electrode (e.g., when the second electrode EL2 is connected to the auxiliary electrode), the impedance (e.g., resistance) of the second electrode EL2 can be reduced.

[0506] In one or more embodiments, the capping layer CPL may be further disposed on the second electrode EL2 of the light-emitting element ED in one or more embodiments. The capping layer CPL may comprise multiple layers or a single layer.

[0507] In one or more embodiments, the capping layer CPL may be an organic layer or an inorganic layer. For example, if the capping layer CPL includes an inorganic material (e.g., when the capping layer CPL contains an inorganic material), the inorganic material may include alkali metal compounds (e.g., LiF), alkaline earth metal compounds (e.g., MgF₂), SiO x x y (wherein 0<x≤2 and 0<y≤2), SiN x z (wherein 0 < z ≤2; for example, Si₃N₄) and / or SiO y y (wherein 0 < y ≤ 2; for example, SiO₂), etc.

[0508] For example, if the capping layer CPL includes an organic material (e.g., when the capping layer CPL contains an organic material), the organic material may include N,N'-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-2,2'-dimethylbenzidine (α-NPD), NPB, TPD, m-MTDATA, Alq₃, CuPc, N4,N4,N4',N4'-tetra(biphenyl-4-yl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD15), 4,4',4''-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA), epoxy resins and / or acrylate resins (e.g., methacrylates), etc. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the capping layer CPL may include at least one selected from compound P1 to compound P5:

[0509] .

[0510] In one or more embodiments, the refractive index of the capping layer CPL may be about 1.6 or greater. For example, for light having a wavelength ranging from about 550nm to about 660nm, the refractive index of the capping layer CPL may be about 1.6 or greater.

[0511] Figures 7 to 10 are cross-sectional views of display devices DD-a, DD-TD, DD-b and DD-c according to one or more embodiments, respectively. Hereinafter, when describing the display devices DD-a, DD-TD, DD-b and DD-c of one or more embodiments with reference to Figures 7 to 10 repeated features that have already been described in Figures 1 to 6 will not be described again, and the differences therebetween will be mainly described.

[0512] Referring to Figure 7 , the display device DD-a according to one or more embodiments may include: a display panel DP including a display element layer DP-ED, a light control layer CCL disposed on the display panel DP, and a color filter layer CFL. In one or more embodiments, as shown in Figure 7As explained in the document, the display panel DP may include a substrate layer BS, a circuit layer DP-CL provided on the substrate layer BS, and a display element layer DP-ED, and the display element layer DP-ED may include a light-emitting element ED.

[0513] A light-emitting element (ED) may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR disposed on the first electrode EL1, an emitter layer EML disposed on the hole transport region HTR, an electron transport region ETR disposed on the emitter layer EML, and a second electrode EL2 disposed on the electron transport region ETR. In one or more embodiments, with Figures 3 to 6 The structure of the light-emitting element (ED) is basically the same and can be applied to Figure 7 The structure of the light-emitting element (ED) is explained in the text.

[0514] refer to Figure 7 The emitting layer EML can be disposed within openings OH defined in the pixel-defined film PDL. For example, emitting layers EMLs divided by the pixel-defined film PDL and provided to correspond to each emitting region PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B can emit light in substantially the same wavelength range. In the display device DD-a of one or more embodiments, the emitting layer EML can emit blue light. In one or more embodiments, unlike the illustrated configuration or arrangement, the emitting layer EML can be provided as a common layer throughout (e.g., almost throughout) the emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B.

[0515] A light control layer (CCL) can be disposed on a display panel (DP). The light control layer (CCL) may include a light converter. The light converter may be a quantum dot and / or a phosphor, etc. The light converter can emit converted light by converting the wavelength of the supplied light. For example, the light control layer (CCL) may be a layer containing quantum dots or a layer containing phosphors.

[0516] The optical control layer (CCL) may include multiple optical control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. The optical control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 may be spaced apart and / or separated from each other (e.g., spaced apart or separated).

[0517] refer to Figure 7 The dividing pattern BMP can be arranged between light control components CCP1, CCP2 and CCP3 that are spaced apart and / or separated (e.g., spaced apart or separated), but the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto. Figure 7 It is explained that the dividing pattern BMP does not overlap with the light control components CCP1, CCP2 and CCP3, but at least a portion of the edges of the light control components CCP1, CCP2 and CCP3 may overlap with the dividing pattern BMP.

[0518] The light control layer CCL may include a first light control component CCP1, which contains a first quantum dot QD1 that converts a first color light provided by the light-emitting element ED into a second color light; a second light control component CCP2, which contains a second quantum dot QD2 that converts the first color light into a third color light; and a third light control component CCP3 that transmits the first color light.

[0519] In one or more embodiments, the first light control component CCP1 can provide red light as a second color light, and the second light control component CCP2 can provide green light as a third color light. The third light control component CCP3 can provide blue light by transmitting blue light as the first color light provided from the light-emitting element ED. For example, the first quantum dot QD1 can be a red quantum dot, and the second quantum dot QD2 can be a green quantum dot. The substantially the same principles described herein can be applied to quantum dots QD1 and QD2.

[0520] In one or more embodiments, the light control layer CCL may further include a scatterer (e.g., a light scatterer) SP. The first light control component CCP1 may include a first quantum dot QD1 and a scatterer SP, the second light control component CCP2 may include a second quantum dot QD2 and a scatterer SP, and the third light control component CCP3 may not include (e.g., may exclude) any quantum dots, but may include a scatterer SP.

[0521] The scatterer SP can be inorganic particles. For example, the scatterer SP may include at least one of TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow spherical silica. The scatterer SP may include any one of TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow spherical silica, or may include a mixture of at least two materials selected from TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, SiO2, and hollow spherical silica.

[0522] The first light control component CCP1, the second light control component CCP2, and the third light control component CCP3 may each include quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and a scatterer SP dispersed therein in base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3. In one or more embodiments, the first light control component CCP1 may include the first quantum dot QD1 and the scatterer SP dispersed in the first base resin BR1, the second light control component CCP2 may include the second quantum dot QD2 and the scatterer SP dispersed in the second base resin BR2, and the third light control component CCP3 may include the scatterer SP dispersed in the third base resin BR3.

[0523] The base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may be media in which quantum dots QD1 and QD2 and scatterers SP are dispersed and which may be formed or composed of one or more suitable resin compositions commonly referred to as binders. For example, the base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may be acrylic resins, urethane resins, silicone resins, and / or epoxy resins, etc. The base resins BR1, BR2, and BR3 may be transparent (e.g., substantially transparent) resins. In one or more embodiments, the first base resin BR1, the second base resin BR2, and the third base resin BR3 may be substantially the same as or different from each other.

[0524] The light control layer CCL may include an isolation layer BFL1. Isolation layer BFL1 serves to prevent (or reduce the extent or occurrence of) the penetration of moisture and / or oxygen (hereinafter referred to as "moisture / oxygen"). Isolation layer BFL1 blocks light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 from exposure to moisture / oxygen (or reduces the extent or occurrence of such exposure). In one or more embodiments, isolation layer BFL1 may cover light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3. In one or more embodiments, isolation layer BFL2 may be provided between light control components CCP1, CCP2, and CCP3 and color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3.

[0525] The isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include at least one inorganic layer. For example, the isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include inorganic materials. For example, the isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may include silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, hafnium nitride, tantalum nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, cerium oxide, silicon oxynitride, and / or a metal thin film that ensures light transmittance. In one or more embodiments, the isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may further include an organic film. The isolation layers BFL1 and BFL2 may be formed or composed of a single layer or multiple layers.

[0526] In one or more embodiments of the display device DD-a, the color filter layer CFL may be disposed on the light control layer CCL. For example, the color filter layer CFL may be disposed directly on the light control layer CCL. In this case, the isolation layer BFL2 may not be provided.

[0527] The color filter layer CFL may include color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. The color filter layer CFL may include a first color filter CF1 that transmits a second color of light, a second color filter CF2 that transmits a third color of light, and a third color filter CF3 that transmits a first color of light. For example, the first color filter CF1 may be a red color filter, the second color filter CF2 may be a green color filter, and the third color filter CF3 may be a blue color filter. Each of the color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3 may include a polymerized photosensitive resin and pigments and / or dyes. The first color filter CF1 may include red pigments and / or red dyes, the second color filter CF2 may include green pigments and / or green dyes, and the third color filter CF3 may include blue pigments and / or blue dyes.

[0528] In one or more embodiments, the embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the third color filter CF3 may not include (e.g., may exclude) pigments and / or dyes. The third color filter CF3 may include a polymerized photosensitive resin and may not include (e.g., may exclude) pigments and / or dyes. The third color filter CF3 may be transparent (e.g., substantially transparent). The third color filter CF3 may be formed or composed of a transparent (e.g., substantially transparent) photosensitive resin.

[0529] Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, the first color filter CF1 and the second color filter CF2 may be yellow color filters. The first color filter CF1 and the second color filter CF2 may not be separate, but may be provided as a single color filter.

[0530] In one or more embodiments, the color filter layer CFL may further include a light-shielding component. The light-shielding component may be a black matrix. The light-shielding component may include organic and / or inorganic light-shielding materials containing black pigments and / or black dyes. The light-shielding component prevents light leakage (or reduces the degree or occurrence of light leakage) and separates adjacent color filters CF1, CF2, and CF3. In one or more embodiments, the light-shielding component may be formed or composed of a blue color filter.

[0531] The first to third color filters CF1, CF2 and CF3 can be arranged to correspond to the red luminous area PXA-R, the green luminous area PXA-G and the blue luminous area PXA-B, respectively.

[0532] The substrate BL may be disposed on the color filter layer CFL. The substrate BL may be a component providing a substrate surface, with the color filter layer CFL and / or light control layer CCL disposed on the substrate surface. The substrate BL may be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, and / or a plastic substrate, etc. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the substrate BL may be an inorganic layer, an organic layer, or a composite material layer. In one or more embodiments, unlike the illustrated configuration or arrangement, the substrate BL may not be provided.

[0533] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view illustrating a portion of a display device DD-TD according to one or more embodiments. In the display device DD-TD according to one or more embodiments, the light-emitting element ED-BT may include a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3. The light-emitting element ED-BT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 arranged opposite to each other (e.g., the light-emitting element ED-BT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 opposite to each other) and a plurality of light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 sequentially stacked and provided between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2 in the thickness direction. Each of the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may include an emissive layer EML (Emitting Layer, Emulsion ... Figure 7 ) and hole transport region HTR ( Figure 7 ) and Electronic Transfer Zone (ETR) Figure 7 The emitting layer EML is arranged between the hole transport region HTR and the electron transport region ETR. For example, the light-emitting element ED-BT included in the display device DD-TD of one or more embodiments may be a light-emitting element having a series structure including two or more emitting layers EML.

[0534] In one or more embodiments, such as Figure 8 As explained herein, all light beams emitted from the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 can be blue light. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to this, and the light beams emitted from the light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 can have different wavelength ranges from each other. For example, a light-emitting element ED-BT comprising multiple light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 emitting light beams with different wavelength ranges from each other can emit white light.

[0535] Charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 can be arranged between two adjacent light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3, respectively. Charge generation layers CGL1 and CGL2 may include positive (p-type) charge generation layers and / or negative (n-type) charge generation layers.

[0536] refer to Figure 9 The display device DD-b according to one or more embodiments may include light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 in which two emitting layers are stacked. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to a different implementation.) Figure 2 Compared to the display device DD of the implementation method described in the text, Figure 9The difference in the implementation described herein is that each of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 includes two emitting layers stacked in the thickness direction. The two emitting layers in each of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 can emit light with substantially the same wavelength range.

[0537] The first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first red emitting layer EML-R1 and a second red emitting layer EML-R2. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first green emitting layer EML-G1 and a second green emitting layer EML-G2. In one or more embodiments, the third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first blue emitting layer EML-B1 and a second blue emitting layer EML-B2. The emission assist component OG may be disposed between the first red emitting layer EML-R1 and the second red emitting layer EML-R2, between the first green emitting layer EML-G1 and the second green emitting layer EML-G2, and between the first blue emitting layer EML-B1 and the second blue emitting layer EML-B2.

[0538] The emission assist component OG may comprise a single layer or multiple layers. The emission assist component OG may include a charge generation layer. For example, the emission assist component OG may include an electron transport region (not shown), a charge generation layer (not shown), and a hole transport region (not shown) stacked sequentially. The emission assist component OG may be provided as a common layer within the entirety of the first to third light-emitting elements ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the emission assist component OG may be provided by patterning within openings OH defined in a pixel-defined film PDL.

[0539] The first red emitter layer EML-R1, the first green emitter layer EML-G1, and the first blue emitter layer EML-B1 can be arranged between the transmit auxiliary component OG and the electron transport region ETR. The second red emitter layer EML-R2, the second green emitter layer EML-G2, and the second blue emitter layer EML-B2 can be arranged between the hole transport region HTR and the transmit auxiliary component OG.

[0540] For example, the first light-emitting element ED-1 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second red emitting layer EML-R2, an emission assist component OG, the first red emitting layer EML-R1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2, stacked sequentially. The second light-emitting element ED-2 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second green emitting layer EML-G2, an emission assist component OG, a first green emitting layer EML-G1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2, stacked sequentially. The third light-emitting element ED-3 may include a first electrode EL1, a hole transport region HTR, a second blue emitting layer EML-B2, an emission assist component OG, a first blue emitting layer EML-B1, an electron transport region ETR, and a second electrode EL2, stacked sequentially.

[0541] In one or more embodiments, an optical auxiliary layer PL may be disposed on the display element layer DP-ED. The optical auxiliary layer PL may include a polarizing layer. The optical auxiliary layer PL may be disposed on the display panel DP and may control the light reflected from the display panel DP by external light. Unlike the configuration or arrangement described herein, an optical auxiliary layer PL may not be provided in the display device DD-b according to one or more embodiments.

[0542] and Figure 8 and Figure 9 different, Figure 10 The display device DD-c described herein includes four light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. The light-emitting element ED-CT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 arranged opposite to each other (e.g., the light-emitting element ED-CT may include a first electrode EL1 and a second electrode EL2 opposite to each other) and first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 stacked sequentially between the first electrode EL1 and the second electrode EL2 in a direction opposite to the thickness direction. Charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2, and CGL3 may be arranged between the first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1. Among the four light-emitting structures, the first to third light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, and OL-B3 may emit blue light, and the fourth light-emitting structure OL-C1 may emit green light. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and the first to fourth light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3, and OL-C1 may emit light beams in different wavelength ranges.

[0543] The charge generation layers CGL1, CGL2 and CGL3 arranged between adjacent light-emitting structures OL-B1, OL-B2, OL-B3 and OL-C1 may include positive (p-type) charge generation layers and / or negative (n-type) charge generation layers.

[0544] In one or more embodiments, the electronic device may include a display device comprising two or more light-emitting elements and a control component for controlling the display device. The electronic device of one or more embodiments may be a device activated by an electrical signal. The electronic device may include a display device of one or more embodiments. For example, the electronic device may include large display devices (e.g., televisions, monitors, and outdoor billboards) and small to medium-sized display devices (e.g., personal computers, laptops, personal digital terminals, display devices for automobiles, game consoles, portable electronic devices, and cameras).

[0545] Figure 11 This is a view illustrating the interior of a car AM in which first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 are arranged. At least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may include, as shown in the reference... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 The display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b and DD-c described in one or more embodiments have substantially the same configuration or arrangement.

[0546] exist Figure 11 In this context, "vehicle" is interpreted as "automobile AM," but this is merely an example, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may be arranged on other means of transportation (e.g., bicycles, motorcycles, trains, boats, and airplanes). In one or more embodiments, at least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4, selected from those having a configuration or arrangement substantially the same as that of display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c, may be incorporated into personal computers, laptop computers, personal digital terminals, game consoles, portable electronic devices, televisions, monitors, and / or outdoor billboards, etc. In one or more embodiments, these are listed as examples, and the display devices may be incorporated into other electronic devices without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0547] At least one of the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may include, as referenced Figures 3 to 6 The light-emitting element described is ED.

[0548] refer to Figure 11 The vehicle AM ​​may include a steering wheel HA and a gearshift GR that drive the vehicle AM. In one or more embodiments, the vehicle AM ​​may include a windshield GL arranged to face the driver (e.g., to be opposite the driver).

[0549] The first display device DD-1 may be arranged in a first area overlapping with the steering wheel HA. For example, the first display device DD-1 may be a digital instrument panel displaying first information of the vehicle's AM (Automotive Activity). The first information may include a first scale indicating the vehicle's AM driving speed, a second scale indicating engine speed (e.g., revolutions per minute (RPM)), and / or an image indicating fuel status, etc. The first and second scales may be indicated as digital images.

[0550] The second display device DD-2 may be arranged in a second area opposite to the driver's seat (e.g., a driver-facing seat) and overlapping with the windshield GL. The driver's seat may be a seat in which the steering wheel HA is arranged. For example, the second display device DD-2 may be a head-up display (HUD) displaying second information about the vehicle's AM. The second display device DD-2 may be optically transparent (e.g., substantially transparent). The second information may include a numerical value indicating the driving speed and may further include information such as the current time. Unlike the illustrated configuration or arrangement, the second information of the second display device DD-2 may be projected onto the windshield GL to be displayed.

[0551] The third display device DD-3 may be arranged in a third zone adjacent to the gearshift GR. For example, the third display device DD-3 may be arranged between the driver's seat and the passenger seat and may be a central information display (CID) for the vehicle's AM (Automotive Information Display) to display third information. The passenger seat may be a seat separated from and / or partitioned (e.g., spaced apart or separated) from the driver's seat, and the gearshift GR is arranged between the passenger seat and the driver's seat. The third information may include information about traffic (e.g., navigation information), information about playing music or radio or video (or images), and / or information about the temperature inside the vehicle's AM, etc.

[0552] The fourth display device DD-4 may be separated from and / or isolated from the steering wheel HA and gearshift GR (e.g., spaced apart or separate) and may be arranged in a fourth zone adjacent to the side of the vehicle's AM. For example, the fourth display device DD-4 may be a digital side mirror displaying fourth information. The fourth display device DD-4 may display an image of the exterior of the vehicle's AM taken by a camera module CM arranged outside the vehicle's AM. The fourth information may include the image of the exterior of the vehicle's AM.

[0553] The first to fourth information described herein are examples, and the first to fourth display devices DD-1, DD-2, DD-3, and DD-4 may further display information about the interior and exterior of the vehicle's AM. The first to fourth information may include different information. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited thereto, and a portion of the first to fourth information may include substantially the same information as each other.

[0554] Figure 12A perspective view illustrating an electronic device EA according to one or more embodiments. Figure 13 An exploded perspective view illustrating an electronic device EA according to one or more embodiments.

[0555] An image IM can be displayed on the display surface EA-IS of the electronic device EA. The image IM may include still images and moving images. The display surface EA-IS may be substantially parallel to the surface defined by the first directional axis DR1 and the second directional axis DR2. Figure 12 In this embodiment, the electronic device EA is equipped with a flat display surface EA-IS, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the electronic device EA may include a curved display surface or a three-dimensional display surface. In one or more embodiments, the three-dimensional display surface may include a plurality of display areas pointing in different directions to each other.

[0556] The display surface EA-IS may include a display area EA-DA and a non-display area EA-NDA. The electronic device EA can display an image IM through the display area EA-DA.

[0557] The non-display area EA-NDA may have a selected (e.g., set or predetermined) color. The non-display area EA-NDA may be an area adjacent to the display area EA-DA. The non-display area EA-NDA may surround the display area EA-DA (e.g., encircle the display area EA-DA). Therefore, the shape of the display area EA-DA may be substantially defined by the non-display area EA-NDA. However, Figure 12 The example provided is for illustrative purposes only, and the non-display area EA-NDA may be arranged only on the side adjacent to the display area EA-DA, or the non-display area EA-NDA may not be provided.

[0558] refer to Figure 13 The electronic device EA may include a display device DD. In one or more embodiments, the electronic device EA may further include a window member WM and a housing HAU.

[0559] A window member WM may cover the entire (e.g., almost the entire) exterior of an electronic device EA. The window member WM may include a transmissive area TA and a border area BZA. The front surface of the window member WM, including the transmissive area TA and the border area BZA, may correspond to the front surface of the electronic device EA. The transmissive area TA may correspond to... Figure 12 The electronic device EA described in the text has a display area EA-DA, and the border area BZA can correspond to... Figure 12 The non-display area EA-NDA of the electronic device EA is explained in the text.

[0560] The transmissive region TA may be an optically transparent (e.g., substantially transparent) region. The border region BZA may be a region with relatively low light transmittance compared to the transmissive region TA. The border region BZA may have a selected (e.g., set or predetermined) color. The border region BZA may be adjacent to the transmissive region TA and may be around the transmissive region TA (e.g., surrounding the transmissive region TA). The border region BZA may define the shape of the transmissive region TA. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to those illustrated; the border region BZA may be arranged only adjacent to one side of the transmissive region TA, and a portion of the border region BZA may not be provided.

[0561] The housing HAU may comprise materials with relatively high rigidity. For example, the housing HAU may comprise a frame and / or panels made of glass, plastic, and / or metal. Multiple frames and / or panels may be provided. The housing HAU provides a receiving space. The display device DD can be housed within this receiving space and protected from external impacts.

[0562] The display device DD may include selections from its respective references. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figures 7 to 10 The display devices DD, DD-TD, DD-a, DD-b, and DD-c described according to one or more embodiments have substantially the same configuration or arrangement. The display device DD may include reference... Figures 3 to 6 The light-emitting element ED is described. Therefore, the electronic device EA, including the display device DD according to one or more embodiments, can exhibit excellent or adequate reliability.

[0563] In the display device DD, an effective area DM-AA and a peripheral area DM-NAA can be defined. The effective area DM-AA can be... Figure 12 The display area EA-DA overlaps as explained in the text, and the peripheral area DM-NAA can be... Figure 12 The non-display area EA-NDA overlap is explained in the text.

[0564] The active region DM-AA can be a region activated in response to an electrical signal. The peripheral region DM-NAA can be a region arranged on at least one side adjacent to the active region DM-AA. The active region DM-AA may include Figure 1 The non-light-emitting region NPXA and the light-emitting regions PXA-R, PXA-G, and PXA-B are illustrated. The outer peripheral region DM-NAA can be arranged to cover the active region DM-AA. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited to this, and unlike the illustration, a portion of the outer peripheral region DM-NAA may not be provided. The driving circuitry and / or driving wiring for driving the active region DM-AA may be arranged in the outer peripheral region DM-NAA.

[0565] The display device according to one or more embodiments can be applied to one or more suitable electronic devices. The electronic device according to one or more embodiments may include the display device described herein and, in addition to the display device, may further include a module or device having another additional function.

[0566] Figure 14 This is a block diagram of an electronic device EA according to one or more embodiments. (Reference) Figure 14 An electronic device EA according to one or more embodiments may include a display module DM, a processor PR, a memory MR, and a power module PM.

[0567] The processor PR may include at least one selected from a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a communication processor (CP), an image signal processor (ISP), and a controller.

[0568] The memory MR can store data information for the operation of the processor PR or the display module DM. If the processor PR executes the application stored in the memory MR (e.g., when the processor PR executes the application stored in the memory MR), image data signals and / or input control signals can be transmitted to the display module DM, and the display module DM can process the received signals and output image information through the display screen.

[0569] The power module PM may include a power supply module (e.g., a power adapter or battery device) and a power conversion module that converts the power supplied by the power supply module to generate power for the operation of the electronic device EA.

[0570] At least one of the components selected from the electronic device EA described herein may be included in the display device according to one or more embodiments described herein. In one or more embodiments, one or more suitable independent modules functionally included in a single module may be included in the display device, and one or more other modules may be provided separately from the display device. For example, the display device may include a display module DM, and a processor PR, a memory MR, and a power module PM may be provided in the electronic device EA as other devices besides the display device.

[0571] Figure 15 A schematic diagram illustrating an electronic device according to one or more embodiments is provided. (Reference) Figure 15One or more suitable electronic devices for a display device according to one or more embodiments may include not only image display electronic devices (e.g., smartphones EA_1a, tablet PCs EA_1b, laptops EA_1c, TVs EA_1d, and desktop monitors EA_1e), but also wearable electronic devices (e.g., smart glasses EA_2a, head-mounted displays EA_2b, or smartwatches EA_2c) and in-vehicle electronic devices EA_3 including display modules (e.g., car dashboards, center consoles, central information displays (CIDs) arranged in the dashboard, and / or in-vehicle mirror displays), etc.

[0572] Hereinafter, fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure and light-emitting elements according to one or more embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to embodiments and comparative examples. Furthermore, the embodiments illustrated are merely examples to aid in understanding the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0573] Example

[0574] 1. Synthesis of fused polycyclic compounds

[0575] The synthesis methods of fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure will be described by way of example synthesis methods of fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 25, 37, 173, 245, 390, 513, and 579. Furthermore, the synthesis methods of fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons described below are examples, and the synthesis methods of fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0576] (1) Synthesis of fused polycyclic compound 25

[0577] According to one embodiment, the fused polycyclic compound 25 can be synthesized by, for example, the method in reaction scheme 1.

[0578] Reaction Scheme 1

[0579]

[0580] Synthesis of intermediate compound 25-(1)

[0581] Under an argon atmosphere, 1,3-dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)benzene (8.85 g, 30.31 mmol), 5'-(tert-butyl)-[1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-2'-amine (9.14 g, 30.31 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (0.2 g, 0.91 mmol), XantPhos (1.05 g, 1.82 mmol), and tBuONa (3.5 g, 36.37 mmol) were added to toluene (151 mL), and the mixture was then heated and stirred at about 100 °C for about 8 hours. Water was then added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 25-(1) (14.14 g, 91% yield). As measured by rapid atomic bombardment-mass spectrometry (FAB MS), the molecular weight of the purified product (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) was confirmed to be approximately 513 m / z, and thus the intermediate compound 25-(1) as the target product was clearly identified.

[0582] Synthesis of intermediate compound 25-(2)

[0583] Intermediate compound 25-(1) (12.11 g, 23.63 mmol), 1-(tert-butyl)-3-iodobenzene (49.17 g, 189.02 mmol), CuI (11.25 g, 59.07 mmol), and K2CO3 (48.98 g, 354.41 mmol) were added to at least a small amount of toluene (about 10 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at about 215 °C for about 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 25-(2) (10.51 g, 69% yield). The molecular weight (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) of the purified product was confirmed to be about 645 m / z, as measured by FAB MS, and thus it was clearly confirmed that intermediate compound 25-(2) as the target product was obtained.

[0584] Synthesis of intermediate compound 25-(3)

[0585] Intermediate compound 25-(2) (9.83 g, 15.24 mmol), 9H-carbazole-4-ol (1.33 g, 7.26 mmol), CuI (1.52 g, 7.99 mmol), K2CO3 (4.01 g, 29.04 mmol), and dipentanoylmethane (15.21 g, 0.08 mmol) were added to dimethylformamide (DMF, 152 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at approximately 100 °C for approximately 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 25-(3) (7.42 g, 78% yield). As measured by FAB MS, the molecular weight of the purified product (as expressed in terms of mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) was confirmed to be approximately 1311 m / z, and thus it was clearly confirmed that the intermediate compound 25-(3) as the target product was obtained.

[0586] Synthesis of Compound 25

[0587] Under an argon atmosphere, intermediate compound 25-(3) (6.23 g, 4.75 mmol) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB, 48 mL), BBr3 (4.76 g, 19.01 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then heated and stirred at about 170 °C for about 10 hours. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, 7.36 g, 57.03 mmol) was added, followed by water. The mixture was then filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound 25 (2.58 g, 41% yield). The molecular weight (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) of the purified product was confirmed to be about 1326 m / z, as measured by FAB MS, and thus compound 25 as the target product was clearly confirmed. The mixture was further purified by column chromatography at about 380 °C and about 2.4 × 10⁻⁶ m / z. -3 Compound 25 was purified by sublimation under Pa conditions and used to form the emitting layer of a light-emitting element.

[0588] (2) Synthesis of fused polycyclic compound 37

[0589] According to one embodiment, the fused polycyclic compound 37 can be synthesized by, for example, the method in reaction scheme 2.

[0590] Reaction Scheme 2

[0591]

[0592] Synthesis of intermediate compound 37-(1)

[0593] Under an argon atmosphere, 3,5-dibromo-1,1'-biphenyl / methane (1 / 1 by volume) (8.22 g, 25.06 mmol), 5'-(tert-butyl)-[1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-2'-amine (7.55 g, 25.06 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (0.17 g, 0.75 mmol), XantPhos (0.87 g, 1.5 mmol), and tBuONa (2.89 g, 30.07 mmol) were added to toluene (125 mL), and the mixture was then heated and stirred at about 100 °C for about 8 hours. Water was then added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 37-(1) (12.10 g, 88% yield). As measured by FAB MS, the molecular weight of the purified product (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) was confirmed to be approximately 532 m / z, and thus it was clearly confirmed that the intermediate compound 37-(1) as the target product was obtained.

[0594] Synthesis of intermediate compound 37-(2)

[0595] Intermediate compound 37-(1) (11.051 g, 20.14 mmol), 3-iodo-1,1'-biphenyl (45.14 g, 161.15 mmol), CuI (9.59 g, 50.36 mmol), and K2CO3 (41.76 g, 302.15 mmol) were added to at least a small amount of toluene (about 10 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at about 215 °C for about 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 37-(2) (8.97 g, 65% yield). The molecular weight (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) of the purified product was confirmed to be about 685 m / z, as measured by FAB MS, and thus it was clearly confirmed that intermediate compound 37-(2) as the target product was obtained.

[0596] Synthesis of intermediate compound 37-(3)

[0597] Intermediate compound 37-(2) (10.44 g, 15.24 mmol), 9H-carbazole-4-ol (1.33 g, 7.26 mmol), CuI (1.52 g, 7.99 mmol), K2CO3 (4.01 g, 29.04 mmol), and dipentanoylmethane (15.21 g, 0.08 mmol) were added to dimethylformamide (DMF, 152 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at approximately 100 °C for approximately 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 37-(3) (7.47 g, 74% yield). As measured by FAB MS, the molecular weight of the purified product (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) was confirmed to be approximately 1391 m / z, and thus it was clearly confirmed that the intermediate compound 37-(3) as the target product was obtained.

[0598] Synthesis of Compound 37

[0599] Under an argon atmosphere, intermediate compound 37-(3) (7.11 g, 5.11 mmol) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB, 51 mL), BBr3 (5.12 g, 20.45 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then heated and stirred at about 170 °C for about 10 hours. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, 7.91 g, 61.34 mmol) was added, followed by water. The mixture was then filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound 37 (2.73 g, 38% yield). The molecular weight (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) of the purified product was confirmed to be about 1406 m / z, as measured by FAB MS, and thus compound 37 as the target product was clearly confirmed. The molecular weight was further determined by column chromatography at about 380 °C and about 2.4 × 10⁻⁶ m / z. -3 Compound 37 was purified by sublimation under Pa conditions and used to form the emitting layer of a light-emitting element.

[0600] (3) Synthesis of fused polycyclic compound 173

[0601] According to one embodiment, the fused polycyclic compound 173 can be synthesized by, for example, the method in reaction scheme 3.

[0602] Reaction scheme 3

[0603]

[0604] Synthesis of intermediate compound 173-(1)

[0605] 1,3-Dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)benzene (15.02 g, 51.44 mmol), [1,1'-biphenyl]-3-ol (8.76 g, 51.44 mmol), CuI (10.78 g, 56.58 mmol), K₂CO₃ (28.43 g, 205.75 mmol), and dipentanoylmethane (107.76 g, 0.58 mmol) were added to dimethylformamide (DMF, 1077 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at approximately 100 °C for approximately 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 173-(1) (10.79 g, 55% yield). As measured by FAB MS, the molecular weight of the purified product (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) was confirmed to be approximately 381 m / z, and thus it was clearly confirmed that the intermediate compound 173-(1) as the target product was obtained.

[0606] Synthesis of intermediate compound 173-(2)

[0607] Under an argon atmosphere, 1,3-dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)benzene (10.11 g, 30.82 mmol), [1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-2'-amine (7.56 g, 30.82 mmol), Pd(OAc)2 (0.21 g, 0.92 mmol), XantPhos (1.07 g, 1.85 mmol), and tBuONa (3.55 g, 36.98 mmol) were added to toluene (154 mL), and the mixture was then heated and stirred at about 100 °C for about 8 hours. Water was then added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 173-(2) (12.24 g, 87% yield). As measured by FAB MS, the molecular weight of the purified product (as expressed in terms of mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) was confirmed to be approximately 456 m / z, and thus it was clearly confirmed that the intermediate compound 173-(2) as the target product was obtained.

[0608] Synthesis of intermediate compound 173-(3)

[0609] Intermediate compound 173-(2) (12.11 g, 26.53 mmol), 3-iodo-1,1'-biphenyl (59.46 g, 212.26 mmol), CuI (12.63 g, 66.33 mmol), and K2CO3 (55 g, 397.98 mmol) were added to at least a small amount of toluene (about 10 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at about 215 °C for about 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 173-(3) (10.98 g, 68% yield). The molecular weight (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) of the purified product was confirmed to be about 609 m / z, as measured by FAB MS, and thus it was clearly confirmed that intermediate compound 173-(3) as the target product was obtained.

[0610] Synthesis of intermediate compound 173-(4)

[0611] Intermediate compound 173-(3) (10.05 g, 16.51 mmol), 9H-carbazole-4-ol (3.03 g, 16.51 mmol), CuI (3.46 g, 18.16 mmol), K2CO3 (9.13 g, 66.05 mmol), and dipentanoylmethane (34.59 g, 0.19 mmol) were added to dimethylformamide (DMF, 345 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at approximately 100 °C for approximately 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 173-(4) (2.47 g, 21% yield). As measured by FAB MS, the molecular weight of the purified product (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) was confirmed to be approximately 711 m / z, and thus it was clearly confirmed that the intermediate compound 173-(4) as the target product was obtained.

[0612] Synthesis of intermediate compound 173-(5)

[0613] Intermediate compound 173-(1) (1.25 g, 3.28 mmol), intermediate compound 173-(4) (2.33 g, 3.28 mmol), CuI (0.69 g, 3.61 mmol), K2CO3 (1.81 g, 13.11 mmol), and dipentanoylmethane (6.87 g, 0.04 mmol) were added to dimethylformamide (DMF, 68 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at approximately 100 °C for approximately 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 173-(5) (2.88 g, 87% yield). As measured by FAB MS, the molecular weight of the purified product (as expressed in terms of mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) was confirmed to be approximately 10¹¹ m / z, and thus it was clearly confirmed that the intermediate compound 173-(5) as the target product was obtained.

[0614] Synthesis of Compound 173

[0615] Under an argon atmosphere, intermediate compound 173-(5) (2.51 g, 2.48 mmol) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB, 25 mL), BBr3 (2.49 g, 9.93 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then heated and stirred at about 170 °C for about 10 hours. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, 3.84 g, 29.78 mmol) was added, followed by water. The mixture was then filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound 173 (1.48 g, 58% yield). The molecular weight (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) of the purified product was confirmed to be about 1027 m / z, as measured by FAB MS, and thus compound 173 as the target product was clearly confirmed. The mixture was further purified by column chromatography at about 360 °C and about 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ m / z. -3 Compound 173 was purified by sublimation under Pa conditions and used to form the emitting layer of a light-emitting element.

[0616] (4) Synthesis of fused polycyclic compound 245

[0617] According to one embodiment, the fused polycyclic compound 245 can be synthesized by, for example, the method in reaction scheme 4.

[0618] Reaction scheme 4

[0619]

[0620] Synthesis of intermediate compound 245-(1)

[0621] 1,3-Dibromo-5-(tert-butyl)benzene (10.21 g, 34.96 mmol), [1,1'-biphenyl]-3-thiol (6.51 g, 34.96 mmol), CuI (7.32 g, 38.46 mmol), K₂CO₃ (19.33 g, 139.86 mmol), and dipentanoylmethane (73.25 g, 0.4 mmol) were added to dimethylformamide (DMF, 732 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at approximately 100 °C for approximately 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 245-(1) (9.03 g, 65% yield). As measured by FAB MS, the molecular weight of the purified product (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) was confirmed to be approximately 397 m / z, and thus it was clearly confirmed that the intermediate compound 245-(1) as the target product was obtained.

[0622] Synthesis of intermediate compound 245-(2)

[0623] Intermediate compound 245-(1) (1.22 g, 3.07 mmol), intermediate compound 173-(4) (2.18 g, 3.07 mmol), CuI (0.64 g, 3.38 mmol), K2CO3 (1.7 g, 12.28 mmol), and dipentanoylmethane (6.43 g, 0.03 mmol) were added to dimethylformamide (DMF, 64 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at approximately 100 °C for approximately 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 245-(2) (2.65 g, 84% yield). As measured by FAB MS, the molecular weight of the purified product (as expressed in terms of mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) was confirmed to be approximately 1027 m / z, and thus it was clearly confirmed that the intermediate compound 245-(2) as the target product was obtained.

[0624] Synthesis of Compound 245

[0625] Under an argon atmosphere, intermediate compound 245-(2) (2.55 g, 2.48 mmol) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB, 25 mL), BBr3 (2.49 g, 9.93 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then heated and stirred at about 170 °C for about 10 hours. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, 3.84 g, 29.78 mmol) was added, followed by water. The mixture was then filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound 245 (1.11 g, 43% yield). The molecular weight (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) of the purified product was confirmed to be about 1043 m / z, as measured by FAB MS, and thus compound 245 as the target product was clearly confirmed. The mixture was further purified by column chromatography at about 360 °C and about 2.8 × 10⁻⁶ m / z. -3 Compound 245 was purified by sublimation under Pa conditions and used to form the emitting layer of a light-emitting element.

[0626] (5) Synthesis of fused polycyclic compound 390

[0627] According to one embodiment, the fused polycyclic compound 390 can be synthesized by, for example, the method in reaction scheme 5.

[0628] Reaction scheme 5

[0629]

[0630] Synthesis of intermediate compound 390-(1)

[0631] Intermediate compound 173-(1) (15.55 g, 40.78 mmol), 6-phenyl-9H-carbazole-4-ol (10.57 g, 40.78 mmol), CuI (8.54 g, 44.86 mmol), K2CO3 (22.54 g, 163.12 mmol), and dipentanoylmethane (85.43 g, 0.46 mmol) were added to dimethylformamide (DMF, 854 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at approximately 100 °C for approximately 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 390-(1) (7.54 g, 33% yield). As measured by FAB MS, the molecular weight of the purified product (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) was confirmed to be approximately 560 m / z, and thus it was clearly confirmed that the intermediate compound 390-(1) as the target product was obtained.

[0632] Synthesis of intermediate compound 390-(2)

[0633] Intermediate compound 390-(1) (6.02 g, 10.76 mmol), intermediate compound 173-(3) (6.55 g, 10.76 mmol), CuI (2.25 g, 11.83 mmol), K2CO3 (5.95 g, 43.02 mmol), and dipentanoylmethane (22.53 g, 0.12 mmol) were added to dimethylformamide (DMF, 225 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at approximately 100 °C for approximately 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 390-(2) (10.06 g, 86% yield). As measured by FAB MS, the molecular weight of the purified product (as expressed in terms of mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) was confirmed to be approximately 1087 m / z, and thus it was clearly confirmed that the intermediate compound 390-(2) as the target product was obtained.

[0634] Synthesis of Compound 390

[0635] Under an argon atmosphere, intermediate compound 390-(2) (5.12 g, 4.71 mmol) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB, 47 mL), BBr3 (4.72 g, 18.83 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then heated and stirred at about 170 °C for about 10 hours. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, 7.29 g, 56.5 mmol) was added, followed by water. The mixture was then filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound 390 (2.39 g, 46% yield). The molecular weight (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) of the purified product was confirmed to be about 1103 m / z, as measured by FAB MS, and thus compound 390 as the target product was clearly confirmed. The mixture was further purified by column chromatography at about 360 °C and about 2.3 × 10⁻⁶ m / z. -3 Compound 390 was purified by sublimation under Pa conditions and used to form the emitting layer of a light-emitting element.

[0636] (6) Synthesis of fused polycyclic compound 513

[0637] According to one embodiment, the fused polycyclic compound 513 can be synthesized by, for example, the method in reaction scheme 6.

[0638] Reaction scheme 6

[0639]

[0640] Synthesis of intermediate compound 513-(1)

[0641] Under an argon atmosphere, 1,3-dibromo-5-fluorobenzene (8.23 g, 32.41 mmol), 9H-carbazole (5.42 g, 32.41 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (20.16 g, 145.86 mmol) were added to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, 82 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at approximately 140 °C for approximately 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 513-(1) (10.01 g, 77% yield). The molecular weight (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) of the purified product was confirmed to be approximately 401 m / z, as measured by FAB MS, and thus the intermediate compound 513-(1) as the target product was clearly confirmed.

[0642] Synthesis of intermediate compound 513-(2)

[0643] Intermediate compound 513-(1) (9.56 g, 23.83 mmol), [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ol (4.06 g, 23.83 mmol), CuI (4.99 g, 26.22 mmol), K2CO3 (13.18 g, 95.34 mmol), and dipentanoylmethane (49.93 g, 0.27 mmol) were added to dimethylformamide (DMF, 499 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at approximately 100 °C for approximately 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 513-(2) (7.25 g, 62% yield). As measured by FAB MS, the molecular weight of the purified product (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) was confirmed to be approximately 490 m / z, and thus it was clearly confirmed that the intermediate compound 513-(2) as the target product was obtained.

[0644] Synthesis of intermediate compound 513-(3)

[0645] Intermediate compound 513-(2) (6.86 g, 13.98 mmol), 9H-carbazole-4-ol (1.22 g, 6.66 mmol), CuI (1.4 g, 7.32 mmol), K2CO3 (3.68 g, 26.64 mmol), and dipentanoylmethane (13.95 g, 0.08 mmol) were added to dimethylformamide (DMF, 139 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at approximately 100 °C for approximately 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 513-(3) (5.21 g, 78% yield). As measured by FAB MS, the molecular weight of the purified product (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) was confirmed to be approximately 1002 m / z, and thus it was clearly confirmed that the intermediate compound 513-(3) as the target product was obtained.

[0646] Synthesis of Compound 513

[0647] Under an argon atmosphere, intermediate compound 513-(3) (4.87 g, 4.86 mmol) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB, 49 mL), BBr3 (4.87 g, 19.44 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then heated and stirred at about 170 °C for about 10 hours. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, 7.52 g, 58.31 mmol) was added, followed by water. The mixture was then filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound 513 (1.93 g, 39% yield). The molecular weight (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) of the purified product was confirmed to be about 10¹⁸ m / z, as measured by FAB MS, and thus compound 513 as the target product was clearly confirmed. The molecular weight was further determined by column chromatography at about 350 °C and about 2.7 × 10⁻⁶ m / z. -3 Compound 513 was purified by sublimation under Pa conditions and used to form the emitting layer of a light-emitting element.

[0648] (7) Synthesis of fused polycyclic compound 579

[0649] According to one embodiment, the fused polycyclic compound 579 can be synthesized by, for example, the method in reaction scheme 7.

[0650] Reaction Scheme 7

[0651]

[0652] Synthesis of intermediate compound 579-(1)

[0653] Under an argon atmosphere, 4-bromo-2-fluoro-1,1'-biphenyl (10.2 g, 40.62 mmol), [1,1'-biphenyl]-3-ol (6.91 g, 40.62 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (25.26 g, 182.8 mmol) were added to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, 102 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at approximately 140 °C for approximately 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 579-(1) (9.13 g, 56% yield). The molecular weight (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) of the purified product was confirmed to be approximately 401 m / z, as measured by FAB MS, and thus the intermediate compound 579-(1) as the target product was clearly confirmed.

[0654] Synthesis of intermediate compound 579-(2)

[0655] Intermediate compound 579-(1) (8.83 g, 22.01 mmol), 9H-carbazole-4-ol (1.92 g, 10.48 mmol), CuI (2.2 g, 11.53 mmol), K2CO3 (5.79 g, 41.92 mmol), and dipentanoylmethane (21.95 g, 0.12 mmol) were added to dimethylformamide (DMF, 219 mL), and the resulting mixture was then heated at approximately 100 °C for approximately 24 hours. Subsequently, the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), water was added, and the mixture was filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain intermediate compound 579-(2) (6.39 g, 74% yield). As measured by FAB MS, the molecular weight of the purified product (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) was confirmed to be approximately 824 m / z, and thus it was clearly confirmed that the intermediate compound 579-(2) as the target product was obtained.

[0656] Synthesis of Compound 579

[0657] Under an argon atmosphere, intermediate compound 579-(2) (6.11 g, 7.42 mmol) was dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (ODCB, 74 mL), BBr3 (7.43 g, 29.66 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then heated and stirred at about 170 °C for about 10 hours. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature, and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA, 11.48 g, 88.98 mmol) was added, followed by water. The mixture was then filtered through diatomaceous earth to separate the organic layer. The organic layer was concentrated and then purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain compound 579 (2.74 g, 44% yield). The molecular weight (as expressed by mass-to-charge ratio (m / z)) of the purified product was confirmed to be about 840 m / z, as measured by FAB MS, and thus compound 579 as the target product was clearly confirmed. The mixture was further purified by column chromatography at about 330 °C and about 2.5 × 10⁻⁶ m / z. -3 Compound 579 was purified by sublimation under Pa conditions and used to form the emitting layer of a light-emitting element.

[0658] 2. Manufacturing and evaluation of light-emitting elements

[0659] (1) Manufacturing of light-emitting elements

[0660] Light-emitting elements comprising fused polycyclic compounds according to the embodiments or comparative compound compounds in their emitting layers were manufactured using the following method. Light-emitting elements according to Examples 1 to 7 were manufactured using compounds 25, 37, 173, 245, 390, 513, and 579, which are fused polycyclic compounds according to the embodiments, as dopant materials for the emitting layer. Light-emitting elements according to Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were manufactured using comparative compound X1 to comparative compound X3 as dopant materials for the emitting layer. The light-emitting elements were manufactured using the following layer structures, and the light-emitting elements were evaluated.

[0661] Examples of compounds

[0662]

[0663] Comparative compounds

[0664]

[0665] Layer structure: ITO / HAT-CN (10nm) / α-NPD (80nm) / mCP (5nm) / 1wt% dopant: mCBP (20nm) / TPBi (30nm) / LiF (0.5nm) / Al (100nm)

[0666] For example, a first electrode with a thickness of about 150 nm is formed using ITO, and a hole injection layer with a thickness of about 10 nm is formed on the first electrode using dipyrazino[2,3-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarboxynitrile (HAT-CN).

[0667] A hole transport layer with a thickness of about 80 nm was formed on the hole injection layer using N,N'-bis(naphth-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-2,2'-dimethylbenzidine (α-NPD), and an electron blocking layer with a thickness of about 5 nm was formed on the hole transport layer using 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP).

[0668] The example compound or comparative compound and 3,3'-bis(9H-carbazole-9-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl (mCBP) were provided on the electron blocking layer at a weight ratio of approximately 1:99 to form an emission layer having a thickness of approximately 20 nm. An electron transport layer having a thickness of approximately 30 nm was formed on the emission layer using 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), and an electron injection layer having a thickness of approximately 0.5 nm was formed on the electron transport layer using LiF.

[0669] A second electrode with a thickness of approximately 100 nm is formed on the electron-injection layer using aluminum (Al). Each layer is formed by deposition under a vacuum atmosphere.

[0670] Materials used in the manufacture of light-emitting elements

[0671]

[0672] (2) Evaluation of light-emitting elements

[0673] The light-emitting elements according to the embodiments and comparative examples were evaluated, and the results are listed in Table 1. The peak emission wavelengths (λ) in Table 1 are... max (nm) and relative lifetime (LT) 50 The emission efficiency was measured using an external quantum efficiency measurement system C9920-12 manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd. The peak emission wavelength (λ) was obtained by measuring the wavelength at the position of maximum emission intensity in the emission spectrum. max Relative lifetime (LT) 50 The value represents the lifetime relative to Comparative Example 3, where the half-life of Comparative Example 3 is set to 1. The half-life is a value determined by PL (photoluminescence) measurement of a 1 wt% dopant: mCBP (20 nm) thin film.

[0674] Table 1

[0675] Example of manufacturing a light-emitting element dopant <![CDATA[Peak emission wavelength (λ max , nm)]]> <![CDATA[Relative Lifetime (LT 50 )]]> Example 1 Example Compound 25 470 3.8 Example 2 Compound 37 of Example 478 6.2 Example 3 Example Compound 173 458 6.6 Example 4 Example Compound 245 465 3.2 Example 5 Example Compound 390 461 4.8 Example 6 Example Compound 513 455 3.2 Example 7 Example Compound 579 458 4.6 Comparative Example 1 Comparative compound X1 457 0.3 Comparative Example 2 Comparative compound X2 446 0.2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative compound X3 467 1.0

[0676] Referring to Table 1, it can be seen that the light-emitting elements according to the embodiments and comparative examples emit light in the wavelength range of about 440 nm to about 480 nm. It can be seen that, compared with the light-emitting element according to Comparative Example 3, the light-emitting elements according to Examples 1 to 7 each exhibit a 3.2-fold to 6.6-fold improved or enhanced relative lifetime. The light-emitting elements according to Examples 1 to 7 respectively include compounds 25, 37, 173, 245, 390, 513, and 579, which are fused polycyclic compounds according to the embodiments.

[0677] Compounds 25, 37, 173, 245, 390, 513, and 579 are fused polycyclic compounds according to the embodiments, and each comprises a fused ring as a core structure having 11 rings in which the carbazole ring is fused with two or more rings. The fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments include a carbazole ring with a large resonant or conjugated structure and exhibit improved or enhanced molar extinction coefficient (ε) and oscillator strength. Therefore, the fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments may exhibit excellent or suitable material stability and contribute to improving or enhancing the lifespan of the light-emitting element.

[0678]

[0679] Structural Formula 173-core represents the core structure of Compound 173 of Examples. Referring to Structural Formula 173-core, it can be seen that Compound 173 of Examples includes a carbazole ring in its core structure, and seven aromatic rings are conjugated. Therefore, the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments has an increased molar extinction coefficient, and thus can help improve or enhance the lifespan of the light-emitting element. Furthermore, referring to Structural Formula 173-core, it can be seen that Compound 173 of Examples has conjugation distributed over a wide range in its core structure. Therefore, the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments has improved or enhanced electrical and physical stability, and can help improve or enhance the luminous efficiency of light-emitting elements comprising the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments.

[0680]

[0681] The structure X1-core shows the core structure of comparative example compound X1 and comparative example compound X2, and the structure X3-core shows the core structure of comparative example compound X3. Comparative example compound X3 represents the commonly available or frequently used compound ν-DABNA.

[0682] Referring to structural formula X1-core, it can be seen that comparative example compounds X1 and X2 each do not include a carbazole ring in their core structure, and the three aromatic rings are conjugated. Furthermore, referring to structural formula X3-core, it can be seen that comparative example compound X3 does not include a carbazole ring in its core structure, and the five aromatic rings are conjugated. Therefore, it can be confirmed that compared to example compound 173, comparative example compounds X1 to X3 have a smaller number of conjugated aromatic rings. Therefore, comparative example compounds X1 to X3 each exhibit a reduced molar extinction coefficient, and the light-emitting elements comprising comparative example compounds X1 to X3 respectively exhibit short element lifespans.

[0683] The light-emitting elements according to Comparative Examples 1 to 3 respectively comprise comparative example compounds X1 to X3. Unlike the fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments, the core structures of comparative example compounds X1 and X2 are each fused rings with five rings and do not include a carbazole ring. Unlike the fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments, the core structure of comparative example compound X3 is a fused ring with nine rings and does not include a carbazole ring. Therefore, the light-emitting elements according to Comparative Examples 1 to 3 exhibit short element lifespans.

[0684] Electronic devices according to one or more embodiments may include light-emitting elements. In the light-emitting elements according to one or more embodiments, the emitting layer may include a fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 according to one or more embodiments. The fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may include a fused ring as a core structure having 11 rings in which a carbazole ring is fused with two or more rings. Furthermore, the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may include at least one of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and a nitrogen atom as a cyclic atom at the para position relative to the two boron atoms. Therefore, the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may exhibit excellent or suitable material stability, and light-emitting elements including the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments may exhibit long device lifespan characteristics.

[0685] The light-emitting element according to one or more embodiments and the electronic device including the light-emitting element may include the fused polycyclic compound according to one or more embodiments and thus may exhibit long element life characteristics.

[0686] Fused polycyclic compounds according to one or more embodiments may help improve or enhance the lifespan of light-emitting elements.

[0687] The light-emitting device, display device, display apparatus, electronic device, electronic device, means of manufacture thereof, and / or any other related device or component according to one or more embodiments of this disclosure may be implemented using any suitable hardware, firmware (e.g., application-specific integrated circuit), software, or a combination of software, firmware, and hardware (e.g., any suitable combination). For example, one or more components of the device may be provided on an integrated circuit (IC) chip or a separate IC chip. Further, one or more components of the device may be implemented on a flexible printed circuit film, a tape-on-a-package (TCP), and / or a printed circuit board (PCB), or provided on a substrate. Further, one or more components of the device may be a process or thread that runs on one or more processors in one or more computing devices, executes computer program instructions, and interacts with other system components for performing one or more functions described herein. The computer program instructions may be stored in memory that may be implemented in a computing device utilizing a standard memory device (e.g., random access memory (RAM)). The computer program instructions may also be stored in other non-transitory computer-readable media (e.g., optical disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) and / or flash memory drives, etc.). Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, the functions of one or more computing devices may be combined or integrated into a single computing device, or the functions of a particular computing device may be distributed across one or more other computing devices.

[0688] Although one or more embodiments of this disclosure have been described, those skilled in the art will understand that one or more suitable modifications and changes may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Accordingly, the scope of this disclosure should not be limited to the embodiments as described in the detailed description of this disclosure, but should be determined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fused polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1: Formula 1 ,and in, In Equation 1, X a X b Y1 and Y2 are each independently O, S, or NR. x , Z1 to Z 19 Each is independently N or CR y , R x and R y Each group is independently composed of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. The fused polycyclic compound includes a chemical structure in which one or more hydrogen atoms are optionally replaced by deuterium atoms.

2. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein formula 1 is represented by formula 2: Formula 2 ,and in, In Equation 2, R1 through R6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. n1, n3, and n4 are each independent integers selected from 0 to 3. n2 and n5 are each an independent integer selected from 0 to 4. n6 is an integer selected from 0 to 2, and X a X b Y1 and Y2 are each independently identical to those defined in Equation 1.

3. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 2, wherein formula 2 is represented by any one selected from formulas 2-1 to 2-8: Equation 2-1 ， Equation 2-2 ， Equation 2-3 ， Equation 2-4 ， Formula 2-5 ， Formula 2-6 ， Formula 2-7 ,and Formula 2-8 ， in, In equations 2-1 to 2-8, Ar a1 and Ar a2 Each of the following groups is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. a1 and a2 are each independent integers selected from 0 to 5, and R1 to R6 and n1 to n6 are each independently identical to those defined in Equation 2.

4. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 2, wherein formula 2 is represented by formula 3: Formula 3 ,and in, In Equation 3, R 11 To R 15 Each group is independently a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. R 16 It consists of hydrogen or deuterium atoms. n16 is an integer selected from 0 to 2. X a X b Y1 and Y1 are each independently identical to those defined in Equation 1, and n1 to n5 are each independently identical to those defined in Equation 2.

5. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 2, wherein formula 2 is represented by formula 4: Formula 4 ,and in, In Equation 4, R a1 R b1 R c1 R d1 R e1 and R f1 Each group is independently composed of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. R a2 R b2 R c2 R d2 and R e2 Each group is independently composed of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. m1, m3, and m4 are each independent integers selected from 0 to 2. m2 and m5 are each an independent integer selected from 0 to 3. m6 is an integer selected from 0 to 2, and X a X b Y1 and Y2 are each independently identical to those defined in Equation 1.

6. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 2, wherein R1 to R6 in formula 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom, or are represented by any one selected from R-1 to R-14: ,and in, In R-13 and R-14, D is a deuterium atom, and In R-1 to R-14, This refers to the position to be connected.

7. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein, In Equation 1, R x It can be a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzocyclohexyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted biphenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted terphenyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted tetraphenyl group.

8. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein, In Equation 1, R x From any one of the representations selected from W-1 to W-14: ,and In W-13 and W-14, D represents a deuterium atom, and In W-1 through W-14, This refers to the position to be connected.

9. The fused polycyclic compound according to claim 1, wherein the fused polycyclic compound is represented by any one of the compounds selected from group 1: Compound group 1 ,and in, In compound group 1, D represents a deuterium atom.

10. A light-emitting element, comprising: First electrode; The second electrode on the first electrode; as well as Between the first electrode and the second electrode, and comprising an emission layer of a fused polycyclic compound of Formula 1 as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 as the first compound.

11. The light-emitting element according to claim 10, wherein the emitting layer further comprises at least one selected from the following: a second compound represented by formula HT-1, a third compound represented by formula ET-1, and a fourth compound represented by formula D-1: HT-1 ， in, In formula HT-1, A1 to A8 are each independently N or CR 51 , L1 is a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. Y a For direct connection, CR 52 R 53 or SiR 54 R 55 , Ar1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. R 51 To R 55 Each of the following groups is independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring: ET-1 ,and In Equation ET-1, At least one of X1 to X3 is N, and the others are CR. 56 , R 56 It is a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms. b1 to b3 are each an independent integer selected from 0 to 10. Ar2 to Ar4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. L2 to L4 are each independently a directly linked, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. Formula D-1 ， In equation D-1, Q1 to Q4 are each independently C or N. Each of the C1 to C4 groups is independently a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon cyclic group having 5 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. L 11 To L 13 Each is independently a direct connection, , , , substituted or unsubstituted alkylene groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted arylene groups having 6 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms, or substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene groups having 2 to 30 cyclic carbon atoms. Refers to the portion connected to C1 to C4. b11 to b13 are each independently 0 or 1. R 61 To R 66 Each of the following groups is independently composed of a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted thio group, a substituted or unsubstituted oxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted boron group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 60 cyclic carbon atoms, and / or bonded to adjacent groups to form a ring. d1 to d4 are each an independent integer selected from 0 to 4.

12. An electronic device including a display means for providing images, The display device includes: basal layer; Circuit layer on the substrate layer; as well as The circuit layer includes a display element layer comprising the light-emitting element as claimed in claim 10 or 11.

Images