A polyether-based lubricating additive, a preparation method and application thereof, and a polyether-based lubricating oil

Abstract

The application provides a polyether-based lubricating additive and a preparation method and application thereof, and a polyether-based lubricating oil, and belongs to the technical field of friction materials.The application provides a polyether-based lubricating additive, nitrogen-containing groups are introduced into a polyether molecular chain, nitrogen elements contained in the nitrogen-containing groups can be adsorbed on a metal surface or react with the metal surface through tribochemistry, so that the effect of friction reduction and wear resistance is achieved.The polyether-based lubricating additive has more excellent effects of friction reduction and wear resistance compared with common oil-soluble polyethers.The application further provides a preparation method of the polyether-based lubricating additive, the preparation method is simple in operation, mild in reaction, and wide in raw material sources, and is suitable for realizing industrial application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of friction materials technology, and in particular to a polyether-based lubricating additive, its preparation method and application, and a polyether-based lubricating oil. Background Technology

[0002] As a common synthetic base oil, polyethers have attracted widespread attention in recent years due to their high viscosity index and excellent lubrication performance. Currently, there are three main methods for synthesizing polyethers: cationic polymerization, anionic polymerization, and coordination polymerization. All three require anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions. Among them, anionic ring-opening polymerization is the most widely used technology in industrial production, typically employing inexpensive and readily available alkali metal hydroxides or alkali metal alkoxides as catalysts. However, these three methods often use fatty alcohol compounds as initiators, resulting in relatively simple polyether structures. Therefore, the lubrication performance of polyether-based lubricating oils still needs improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a polyether-based lubricating additive, its preparation method and application, and a polyether-based lubricating oil. The polyether-based lubricating additive of this invention has excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear effects.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides a polyether-based lubricating additive having the structure shown in Formula I or II: Formula I, Formula II; In formula I, R is , , , , , , , , , or ; In Equation II, R is , , or ; In Equations I and II, n independently ranges from 3 to 26.

[0005] Preferably, n is independently 4 to 16.

[0006] This invention also provides a method for preparing the polyether-based lubricating additive described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: Under a protective atmosphere, epoxide, initiator and catalyst are mixed and subjected to a ring-opening polymerization reaction to obtain the polyether-based lubricating additive; When the polyether-based lubricating additive has the structure shown in Formula I, the initiator is 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazolium, N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylamine, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol (dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, DMAEE), 2-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)ethanol, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine, N-butyl-N-methylethanolamine, N-hexyl-N-methylethanolamine, N-nonyl-N-methylethanolamine, or N-dodecyl-N-methylethanolamine; When the polyether-based lubricating additive has the structure shown in Formula II, the initiator is diethanolamine (DEA), N-methyldiethanolamine, N-dodecyldiethanolamine, or N-octadecyldiethanolamine.

[0007] 1) Preparation of the initiator N-alkyl-N-methylethanolamine: N-methylethanolamine and alkyl bromide are added sequentially to a three-necked reaction flask, then heated and reacted for a period of time. The alkyl bromide can be selected from 1-bromohexane, 1-bromooctane, 1-bromononane, 1-bromodecane, 1-bromododecane, 1-bromotetradecane, preferably 1-bromohexane, 1-bromononane, or 1-bromododecane; the ratio of N-methylethanolamine to alkyl bromide is 5-30:1, preferably 10-20:1, and the reaction time is 6-48 hours, preferably 12-24 hours. After the reaction is complete, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, washed three times with water, the organic phase is collected by separation, and dried to obtain the target initiator.

[0008] Preferably, the molar ratio of the initiator, catalyst and epoxide is 1:0.1~1.5:4~20.

[0009] Preferably, the catalyst comprises potassium hydroxide and / or sodium hydroxide.

[0010] Preferably, the ring-opening polymerization reaction is carried out at a temperature of 50~90℃ for 12~72h.

[0011] This invention also provides the application of the polyether-based lubricating additive described in the above technical solution in the field of lubricating oil.

[0012] The present invention also provides a polyether-based lubricating oil, comprising a base lubricating oil and an additive, wherein the additive is the polyether-based lubricating additive described in the above technical solution.

[0013] Preferably, the polyether-based lubricating oil contains 0.5 to 10 wt% polyether-based lubricating additives.

[0014] Preferably, the base lubricating oil comprises a non-polar hydrocarbon oil.

[0015] This invention provides a polyether-based lubricating additive, and compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are as follows: By introducing nitrogen-containing groups into the polyether molecular chain, the nitrogen element can be adsorbed onto the metal surface or undergo a tribochemical reaction with the metal surface, thereby achieving the effect of reducing friction and wear. Compared with common oil-soluble polyethers, the polyether-based lubricant additive of this invention has a superior effect in reducing friction and wear.

[0016] This invention also provides a method for preparing the polyether-based lubricating additive described in the above technical solution. The preparation method of this invention is simple to operate, has a mild reaction, and uses widely available raw materials, making it suitable for industrial application.

[0017] The present invention also provides a polyether-based lubricating oil, wherein the polyether-based lubricating additive has good compatibility with non-polar hydrocarbon oils. Detailed Implementation

[0018] This invention provides a polyether-based lubricant additive (PBO) having the structure shown in Formula I or II: Formula I, Formula II; In formula I, R is , , , , , , , , , or ; In Equation II, R is , , or ; In Equations I and II, n independently ranges from 3 to 26.

[0019] In this invention, n is preferably 4 to 16, specifically 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 or 16.

[0020] In this invention, -C4H9 in R is preferably n-butyl (the initiator used in the preparation method is N-n-butyl-N-methylethanolamine), -C6H 13 Preferably, it is n-hexyl (the initiator used in the preparation method is N-n-hexyl-N-methylethanolamine), -C9H 19 Preferably, it is n-nonyl (the initiator used in the preparation method is N-n-n-methylethanolamine), -C 12 H 25Preferably, it is n-dodecyl (the initiator used in the preparation method is N-n-dodecyl-N-methylethanolamine or N-n-dodecyldiethanolamine), -C 18 H 37 Preferably, it is n-octadecyl (the initiator used in the preparation method is N-n-octadecyldiethanolamine). This invention also provides a method for preparing the polyether-based lubricating additive described in the above technical solution, comprising the following steps: Under a protective atmosphere, epoxide, initiator and catalyst are mixed and subjected to a ring-opening polymerization reaction to obtain the polyether-based lubricating additive; When the polyether-based lubricating additive has the structure shown in Formula I, the initiator is 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazolium, N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylamine, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol, 2-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)ethanol, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine, N-butyl-N-methylethanolamine, N-hexyl-N-methylethanolamine, N-nonyl-N-methylethanolamine, or N-dodecyl-N-methylethanolamine; When the polyether-based lubricating additive has the structure shown in Formula II, the initiator is diethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-dodecyldiethanolamine or N-octadecyldiethanolamine.

[0021] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in this invention are commercially available products in the field.

[0022] In this invention, the preparation of N-alkyl-N-methylethanolamine (including N-hexyl-N-methylethanolamine, N-nonyl-N-methylethanolamine and N-dodecyl-N-methylethanolamine) preferably includes the following steps: N-methylethanolamine and alkyl bromide (including 1-bromohexane, 1-bromononane or 1-bromododecane) are added to a three-necked reaction flask, and then heated to carry out a substitution reaction. The molar ratio of N-methylethanolamine to alkyl bromide is preferably 5~30:1, more preferably 10~20:1. The substitution reaction time is preferably 6~48h, more preferably 12~24h. After the substitution reaction is completed, the mixture is cooled to room temperature, the resulting reaction solution is washed three times with water, the organic phase is collected by separation, and dried to obtain the N-alkyl-N-methylethanolamine.

[0023] In this invention, the protective atmosphere preferably includes nitrogen.

[0024] In this invention, the molar ratio of the initiator, catalyst and epoxide is preferably 1:0.1~1.5:4~20, more preferably 1:0.3~1:6~15, and specifically 1:1:10 or 0.5:1:10.

[0025] In this invention, the catalyst preferably comprises potassium hydroxide and / or sodium hydroxide.

[0026] In this invention, the preferred temperature for the ring-opening polymerization reaction is 50~90℃, specifically 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90℃, and the preferred time is 12~72h, specifically 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 or 72h.

[0027] In this invention, the reactor equipped with a stirring paddle is preferably dried to remove water, the air is replaced with nitrogen three times, and then the initiator and catalyst are added to the reactor and stirred until dissolved. Then the epoxy butyl is added to carry out the ring-opening polymerization reaction.

[0028] After the ring-opening polymerization reaction is completed, methanol or ethanol is preferably added and stirred for 0.5 to 3 hours (specifically 1 or 2 hours). Then, the solvent is removed under reduced pressure, and a 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution is added to adjust the pH of the solution to 7. Then, the solution is separated, the organic phase is collected sequentially, dried, and the PBO is obtained.

[0029] This invention also provides the application of the polyether-based lubricating additive described in the above technical solution in the field of lubricating oil.

[0030] The present invention also provides a polyether-based lubricating oil, comprising a base lubricating oil and an additive, wherein the additive is the polyether-based lubricating additive described in the above technical solution.

[0031] In this invention, the content of polyether-based lubricating additives in the polyether-based lubricating oil is preferably 0.5 to 10 wt%, specifically 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, or 4 wt%.

[0032] In this invention, the base lubricating oil preferably comprises a non-polar hydrocarbon oil.

[0033] In this invention, the nonpolar hydrocarbon oil preferably includes one or more of PAO2, PAO4, PAO10, 150N, 150SN, 150BS, Yubase6, 500N, and 500SN.

[0034] The technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments thereof. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0035] Example 1 Preparation of polyether-based lubricating additive PBO with the structure shown in Formula I HEI , where R= n=26; The steps are as follows: The reactor was dried in a stirred tank after removing water, and the air was purged three times with nitrogen. Then, 0.1 mol of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazolium initiator and 0.1 mol of sodium hydroxide catalyst were added. The mixture was stirred until dissolved, and then 1 mol of epoxide was added. The reactor was then reacted at 70°C for 48 h. After the reaction was complete, methanol was added and the mixture was stirred for 1 h. The solvent was then removed under reduced pressure, and a 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid aqueous solution was added to adjust the pH to 7. The solution was separated, the organic phase was collected, and dried to obtain the target product PBO. HEI (60g, 72%). 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3- d ) δ 7.46 (s, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 4.05 (t, J = 5Hz, 2H), 3.68-3.29 (m, 80H), 1.55-1.34(m, 52H), 0.88-0.82 (m, 78H).

[0036] The prepared PBO was evaluated using an SRV-V reciprocating vibration friction and wear testing machine. HEI The tribological properties of the samples were compared with those of commercial polyether OSP46. The SRV-V tribological testing machine used point contact for the friction pair, with both upper and lower samples made of AISI 52100 bearing steel with an average hardness of 748.45 HV. The upper sample steel ball (diameter: 10 mm) and the lower sample circular steel disc (diameter: 24 mm, height: 7.9 mm) were thoroughly cleaned with ethanol and fixed in the test area of ​​the SRV-V. Lubricant was applied to the contact area of ​​the upper and lower samples, and the test was conducted for 30 minutes with a load of 200 N, a frequency of 25 Hz, and an amplitude of 1 mm (relative humidity: 40%, temperature: 25℃). The friction coefficient curve was obtained through a data acquisition system, and the average friction coefficient was calculated. After the tribological test, the three-dimensional morphology and wear volume of the wear tracks were obtained using a Bruker optical profilometer. HEI The average coefficient of friction of the lubricant is 0.11, and the wear volume is 1.23 × 10⁻⁶. 6 µm 3 The average coefficient of friction for commercial polyether OSP46 is 0.11, and the wear volume is 4.03 × 10⁻⁶. 6 µm 3 .

[0037] Example 2 Preparation of polyether-based lubricating additive PBO with the structure shown in Formula I MAE , where R= n=12; The procedure is the same as in Example 1, except that the initiator in Example 1 is replaced with N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylamine (0.1 mol) to obtain the target product PBO. MAE (62.8g, 79%).

[0038] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3- d ) δ 3.59-3.15 (m, 38H), 2.51-2.47 (m, 2H), 2.18 (s, 3H), 1.51-1.28 (m, 24H), 0.88-0.79 (m, 36H).

[0039] Using the same method as in Example 1, only the lubricant PBO from Example 1 was used. HEI Replace with the lubricant PBO from Example 2 MAE The average coefficient of friction is 0.12, and the wear volume is 0.81 × 10⁻⁶. 6 µm 3 .

[0040] Example 3 Preparation of polyether-based lubricating additive PBO with the structure shown in Formula I DME , where R= n=11.5; The procedure is the same as in Example 1, except that the initiator in Example 1 is replaced with N,N-dimethylethanolamine (0.1 mol) to obtain the target product PBO. DME (59.1g, 73%).

[0041] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3- d ) δ 3.68-3.21 (m, 36H), 2.46 (t, J = 3.3Hz,2H), 2.22 (s, 6H), 1.58-1.38(m, 23H), 0.89-0.80 (m, 34H).

[0042] Using the same method as in Example 1, only the lubricant PBO from Example 1 was used. HEI Replace with PBO lubricant DME The average coefficient of friction is 0.12, and the wear volume is 1.25 × 10⁻⁶. 6 µm 3 .

[0043] Example 4 Preparation of polyether-based lubricating additive PBO with the structure shown in Formula IDMEE , where R= n=9.5; The procedure was the same as in Example 1, except that the initiator in Example 1 was replaced with 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol (0.1 mol) to obtain the target product PBO. DMEE (75.2g, 88%).

[0044] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3- d ) δ 3.50-3.17 (m, 34H), 2.40 (t, J = 5.0Hz,2H), 2.14 (s, 6H), 1.50-1.28 (m, 19H), 0.88-0.79 (m, 28H).

[0045] Using the same method as in Example 1, only the lubricant PBO from Example 1 was used. HEI Replace with PBO lubricant DMEE The average coefficient of friction is 0.12, and the wear volume is 1.05 × 10⁻⁶. 6 µm 3 .

[0046] Example 5 Preparation of polyether-based lubricating additive PBO with the structure shown in Formula I EOA , where R= n=4.5; The procedure was the same as in Example 1, except that the initiator in Example 1 was replaced with 2-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)ethanol (0.1 mol) to obtain the target product PBO. EOA (52.8g, 60%).

[0047] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3- d ) δ3.62-3.22 (m, 25H), 2.63 (t, J = 5.0Hz,2H), 2.57-2.52 (m, 4H), 1.56-1.40 (m, 13H), 1.00 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 6H), 0.95-0.87 (m, 19H).

[0048] Using the same method as in Example 1, only the lubricant PBO from Example 1 was used. HEI Replace with PBO lubricant EOA The average coefficient of friction is 0.12, and the wear volume is 0.98 × 10⁻⁶. 6 µm 3 .

[0049] Example 6 Preparation of polyether-based lubricating additive PBO with the structure shown in Formula I NHP , where R= n=7.5; The procedure is the same as in Example 1, except that the initiator in Example 1 is replaced with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidine (0.1 mol) to obtain the target product PBO. NHP (58.5g, 70%).

[0050] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3- d ) δ3.62-3.22 (m, 25H), 2.65 (t, J = 5.0Hz,2H), 2.54 (t, J = 7.5Hz, 4H), 1.76-1.73 (m, 4H), 1.57-1.35 (m, 15H), 0.94-0.86 (m, 23H).

[0051] Using the same method as in Example 1, only the lubricant PBO from Example 1 was used. HEI Replace with PBO lubricant NHP The average coefficient of friction is 0.12, and the wear volume is 1.22 × 10⁻⁶. 6 µm 3 .

[0052] Example 7 Preparation of polyether-based lubricating additive PBO with the structure shown in Formula I PDE , where R= n=3; The procedure was the same as in Example 1, except that the initiator in Example 1 was replaced with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine (0.1 mol) to obtain the target product PBO. PDE (24.6g, 28%).

[0053] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3- d ) δ3.62-3.22 (m, 11H), 2.49 (t, J = 7.5Hz, 2H), 2.38 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 4H), 1.57-1.34 (m, 12H), 0.94-0.86 (m, 9H).

[0054] Using the same method as in Example 1, only the lubricant PBO from Example 1 was used. HEI Replace with PBO lubricantPDE The average coefficient of friction is 0.12, and the wear volume is 1.33 × 10⁻⁶. 6 µm 3 .

[0055] Example 8 Preparation of polyether-based lubricating additive PBO with the structure shown in Formula I N-BSMOC , where R= n=16; The procedure is the same as in Example 1, except that the initiator in Example 1 is replaced with N-n-butyl-N-methylethanolamine (0.1 mol) to obtain the target product PBO. N-BSMOC (61.3 g, 72%).

[0056] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3- d ) δ 3.65-3.26 (m, 50H), 2.53 (t, J = 5.0Hz,2H), 2.32 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 4H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 1.58-1.33 (m, 32H), 1.29-1.17 (m,4H), 0.94-0.86 (m, 48H).

[0057] Using the same method as in Example 1, only the lubricant PBO from Example 1 was used. HEI Replace with PBO lubricant N-BSMOC The average coefficient of friction is 0.13, and the wear volume is 0.95 × 10⁻⁶. 6 µm 3 .

[0058] Example 9 Preparation of the initiator N-hexyl-N-methylethanolamine (HMAE): N-methylethanolamine (2 mol) and 1-bromohexane (0.2 mol) were added sequentially to a three-necked reaction flask, and the mixture was heated to 90 °C and reacted for 24 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, the reaction solution was washed three times with water, the organic phase was collected by separation, and dried to obtain the target initiator HMAE (22.4 g, 70%). 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3- d) δ 3.55 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 2H), 2.49 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 2H), 2.37 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 2H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.46-1.41 (m, 2H), 1.29-1.22 (m, 6H), 0.85 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 3H).

[0059] Preparation of polyether-based lubricating additive PBO with the structure shown in Formula I HMAE , where R= n=16; The procedure was the same as in Example 1, except that the initiator in Example 1 was replaced with N-hexyl-N-methylethanolamine (0.1 mol) to obtain the target product PBO. HMAE (66g, 75%).

[0060] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3- d ) δ 3.62-3.27 (m, 50H), 2.52 (t, J = 5.0Hz,2H), 2.31 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 4H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 1.59-1.33 (m, 32H), 1.28-1.16 (m,8H), 0.95-0.81 (m, 48H).

[0061] Using the same method as in Example 1, only the lubricant PBO from Example 1 was used. HEI Replace with PBO lubricant HMAE The average coefficient of friction is 0.12, and the wear volume is 0.96 × 10⁻⁶. 6 µm 3 .

[0062] Example 10 Preparation of the initiator N-n-nonyl-N-methylethanolamine (NMAE): N-methylethanolamine (2 mol) and 1-bromononane (0.2 mol) were added sequentially to a three-necked reaction flask, and then heated to 90 °C and reacted for 24 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, washed three times with water, and the organic phase was collected by separation and dried to obtain the target initiator NMAE (22.4 g, 70%). 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3- d) δ 3.57 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 2H), 2.52 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 2H), 2.39 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 2H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 1.48-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.29-1.09 (m, 12H),0.86 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 3H).

[0063] Preparation of polyether-based lubricating additive PBO with the structure shown in Formula I NMAE , where R= n=15; The procedure was the same as in Example 1, except that the initiator in Example 1 was replaced with N-n-nonyl-N-methylethanolamine (0.1 mol) to obtain the target product PBO. NMAE (24.6g, 28%).

[0064] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3- d ) δ3.66-3.25 (m, 48H), 2.52 (t, J = 5.0Hz,2H), 2.39 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 4H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.56-1.33 (m, 30H), 1.28-1.18 (m,14H), 0.94-0.86 (m, 45H).

[0065] Using the same method as in Example 1, only the lubricant PBO from Example 1 was used. HEI Replace with PBO lubricant NMAE The average coefficient of friction is 0.12, and the wear volume is 1.0 × 10⁻⁶. 6 µm 3 .

[0066] Example 11 Preparation of the initiator N-dodecyl-N-methylethanolamine (DMAE): N-methylethanolamine (2 mol) and 1-bromododecane (0.2 mol) were added sequentially to a three-necked reaction flask, and then heated to 90 °C and reacted for 24 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, the reaction solution was washed three times with water, the organic phase was collected by separation, and dried to obtain the target initiator DMAE. 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3-) d) δ 3.58 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 2H), 2.50 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 2H), 2.38(t, J = 5.0Hz, 2H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.48-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.08 (m, 18H), 0.86 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 3H).

[0067] Preparation of polyether-based lubricating additive PBO with the structure shown in Formula I DMAE , where R= n=4; The procedure is the same as in Example 1, except that the initiator in Example 1 is replaced with N-n-dodecyl-N-methylethanolamine (0.1 mol) to obtain the target product PBO. DMAE (48.2g, 50%).

[0068] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3- d ) δ3.62-3.24 (m, 10H), 2.55 (t, J = 5.0Hz,2H), 2.33 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 4H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.58-1.33 (m, 8H), 1.29-1.17 (m,20H), 0.94-0.86 (m, 12H).

[0069] Using the same method as in Example 1, only the lubricant PBO from Example 1 was used. HEI Replace with PBO lubricant DMAE The average coefficient of friction is 0.12, and the wear volume is 1.05 × 10⁻⁶. 6 µm 3 .

[0070] Example 12 Preparation of polyether-based lubricating additive PBO with the structure shown in Formula II DEA , where R= n=5; The procedure is the same as in Example 1, except that the initiator in Example 1 is replaced with diethanolamine (0.05 mol) to obtain the target product PBO. DEA (59.4g, 77%).

[0071] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3- d) δ.3.75-2.27 (m, 34H), 2.70 (t, J = 5.0Hz,4H), 1.60-1.36 (m, 20H), 0.99-0.87 (m, 30H).

[0072] Using the same method as in Example 1, only the lubricant PBO from Example 1 was used. HEI Replace with PBO lubricant DEA The average coefficient of friction is 0.12, and the wear volume is 1.01 × 10⁻⁶. 6 µm 3 .

[0073] Example 13 Preparation of polyether-based lubricating additive PBO with the structure shown in Formula II NMEA , where R= n=9; The procedure is the same as in Example 1, except that the initiator in Example 1 is replaced with N-methyldiethanolamine (0.05 mol) to obtain the target product PBO. NMEA (24.6g, 28%).

[0074] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3- d ) δ.3.59-3.20 (m, 58H), 2.58 (t, J = 5.0Hz,4H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.58-1.33 (m, 36H), 0.91-0.84 (m, 54H).

[0075] Using the same method as in Example 1, only the lubricant PBO from Example 1 was used. HEI Replace with PBO lubricant NMEA The average coefficient of friction is 0.12, and the wear volume is 1.92 × 10⁻⁶. 6 µm 3 .

[0076] Example 14 Preparation of polyether-based lubricating additive PBO with the structure shown in Formula II NLDEA , where R= n=5; The procedure is the same as in Example 1, except that the initiator in Example 1 is replaced with N-n-dodecyl diethanolamine (0.05 mol) to obtain the target product PBO. NLDEA (55.6g, 56%).

[0077] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3-d ) δ.3.61-3.22 (m, 34H), 2.58 (t, J = 5.0Hz,4H), 2.51 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 2H), 1.58-1.34 (m, 20H), 1.26-1.18 (m, 18H), 0.93-0.86 (m, 30H), 0.83 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 3H).

[0078] Using the same method as in Example 1, only the lubricant PBO from Example 1 was used. HEI Replace with PBO lubricant NLDEA The average coefficient of friction is 0.12, and the wear volume is 1.11 × 10⁻⁶. 6 µm 3 .

[0079] Example 15 Preparation of polyether-based lubricating additive PBO with the structure shown in Formula II SDEA , where R= n=5; The procedure is the same as in Example 1, except that the initiator in Example 1 is replaced with N-n-octadecyldiethanolamine (0.05 mol) to obtain the target product PBO. SDEA (48.5g, 45%).

[0080] 1 H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3- d ) δ.3.60-3.20 (m, 34H), 2.59 (t, J = 5.0Hz,4H), 2.52 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 2H), 1.58-1.33 (m, 20H), 1.25-1.18 (m, 30H), 0.91-0.84 (m, 30H), 0.85 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 3H).

[0081] Using the same method as in Example 1, only the lubricant PBO from Example 1 was used. HEI Replace with PBO lubricant SDEA The average coefficient of friction is 0.12, and the wear volume is 1.19 × 10⁻⁶. 6 µm 3 .

[0082] The polyether-based lubricating additives prepared in Examples 1-15 and commercial polyether OSP46 were dissolved in base oil PAO4 by heating, resulting in oil samples containing 5 wt% additives. The tribological properties of the oil samples containing different additives were evaluated using an SRV-V reciprocating vibration friction and wear tester. The friction pair of the SRV-V tester was a point contact, and both upper and lower samples were made of AISI 52100 bearing steel with an average hardness of 748.45 HV. The upper sample steel ball (diameter: 10 mm) and the lower sample circular steel disc (diameter: 24 mm, height: 7.9 mm) were thoroughly cleaned with ethanol and fixed in the test area of ​​the SRV-V. A suitable amount of lubricant was added to the contact area of ​​the upper and lower samples, and the test was conducted continuously for 30 min with a load of 200 N, a frequency of 25 Hz, and an amplitude of 1 mm (relative humidity: 40%, temperature: 25 °C). The friction coefficient curve was obtained through a data acquisition system, and the average friction coefficient was calculated. After the friction and wear test, the three-dimensional morphology and wear volume of the wear tracks were obtained by scanning with a Bruker optical profilometer. The test results are shown in Table 1. It can be seen that when the polyether-based lubricating additive prepared in this embodiment is used as a lubricant, its friction-reducing and anti-wear performance is significantly better than that of commercial polyethers, with both a lower coefficient of friction and a lower wear volume. This fully demonstrates that the present invention can improve the tribological properties of the prepared polyether-based lubricating additive. The prepared polyether-based lubricating additive not only exhibits good lubrication performance when used as a lubricant, but also effectively reduces the coefficient of friction and wear volume of the base oil PAO4 when added as an additive to non-polar base oils, exhibiting superior friction-reducing and anti-wear performance compared to the commercial polyether compound OSP46.

[0083] Table 1. Friction performance data

[0084] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A polyether-based lubricating additive, characterized in that, It has the structure shown in Formula I or II: Formula I, Formula II; In formula I, R is , , , , , , , , , or ; In Equation II, R is , , or ; In Equations I and II, n independently ranges from 3 to 26.

2. The polyether-based lubricating additive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The n is independently 4 to 16.

3. The method for preparing the polyether-based lubricating additive according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Under a protective atmosphere, epoxide, initiator and catalyst are mixed and subjected to a ring-opening polymerization reaction to obtain the polyether-based lubricating additive; When the polyether-based lubricating additive has the structure shown in Formula I, the initiator is 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazolium, N-methyl-2-hydroxyethylamine, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol, 2-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)ethanol, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrrolidine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine, N-butyl-N-methylethanolamine, N-hexyl-N-methylethanolamine, N-nonyl-N-methylethanolamine, or N-dodecyl-N-methylethanolamine; When the polyether-based lubricating additive has the structure shown in Formula II, the initiator is diethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-dodecyldiethanolamine or N-octadecyldiethanolamine.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The molar ratio of the initiator, catalyst and epoxide is 1:0.1~1.5:4~20.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The catalyst includes potassium hydroxide and / or sodium hydroxide.

6. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ring-opening polymerization reaction is carried out at a temperature of 50~90℃ for a time of 12~72h.

7. The application of the polyether-based lubricating additive according to claim 1 or 2 in the field of lubricating oil.

8. A polyether-based lubricating oil, characterized in that, It includes a base lubricant and an additive, wherein the additive is the polyether-based lubricant additive as described in claim 1 or 2.

9. The polyether-based lubricating oil according to claim 8, characterized in that, The polyether-based lubricating oil contains 0.5 to 10 wt% polyether-based lubricating additives.

10. The polyether-based lubricating oil according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The base lubricating oil includes non-polar hydrocarbon oils.

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