Gun cleaning fluid

Abstract

The title of this invention is "Firearms Cleaning Fluid". A cleaning fluid and method for cleaning firearms are provided. In an example, the firearms cleaning fluid may include an emulsion. The emulsion may include ammonium hydroxide and sulfurized olefins. The amount of sulfurized olefins may be less than about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the firearms cleaning fluid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to cleaning fluids, and specifically, some embodiments may relate to firearm cleaning fluids. Background Technology

[0002] After ammunition is fired, firearms may experience the accumulation of carbon deposits. For example, the bore of a firearm may be contaminated with carbon deposits produced when gunpowder ignites. Furthermore, the bore may also experience copper, lead, or copper and lead contamination from the bullet—which travels along the bore and leaves marks on the bullet's outer surface (e.g., the traces of a copper sheath). Carbon, copper, and lead contamination in firearms can lead to, for example, reduced muzzle velocity and energy, decreased accuracy, and bore degradation (e.g., the formation of rust and pitting). Summary of the Invention

[0003] In one aspect, the firearm cleaning fluid may include ammonium hydroxide. The firearm cleaning fluid may further include sulfurized olefins, the amount of which is less than about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the firearm cleaning fluid.

[0004] In another aspect, a method of cleaning firearm components may include applying a cleaning fluid to the components of the firearm. The cleaning fluid may include ammonium hydroxide. The cleaning fluid may further include a sulfurized olefin in an amount greater than about 5% by weight and less than about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the cleaning fluid.

[0005] In a further aspect, a method for producing a gun cleaning fluid may include mixing an alcohol and an ester-based synthetic base oil to form a first mixture, wherein the alcohol has a flash point higher than about 100. Ammonium hydroxide is added to the first mixture to form a second mixture; a surfactant is added to the second mixture to form a third mixture; an alkylated naphthalene base oil is added to the third mixture to form a fourth mixture; a Group I or Group V base oil is added to the fourth mixture to form a fifth mixture; and a sulfurized olefin is added to the fifth mixture to form the gun cleaning fluid.

[0006] Other features and aspects of the disclosed technology will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which exemplify features of embodiments according to the disclosed technology. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of any invention described herein, which is defined only by the appended claims. Attached Figure Description

[0007] This disclosure is described in detail with reference to the following figures, according to one or more various embodiments. The figures are provided for illustrative purposes only and merely depict typical or exemplary embodiments.

[0008] Figure 1 An example method for generating a gun cleaning fluid is shown according to one aspect of this disclosure.

[0009] This diagram is not exhaustive and does not limit this disclosure to the precise form disclosed. Detailed Implementation

[0010] As mentioned above, after ammunition is fired from a firearm, the bore may become contaminated with carbon deposits and copper, lead, or a combination of both. Furthermore, carbon, copper, and lead contamination in firearms can lead to reduced muzzle velocity and energy, decreased accuracy, and bore degradation (e.g., the formation of rust and pitting). Various conventional firearm cleaners—specifically bore cleaners—can be used to remove carbon, copper, and lead contamination from the bore of firearms. However, these conventional bore cleaners may have various undesirable properties. For example, due to the inclusion of kerosene (which has a flash point of approximately 99...)... Approximately 149 ) and flammable alcohols such as ethanol (whose flash point is about 49) Conventional bore cleaners may have a low flash point. Furthermore, conventional bore cleaners may include various additives that help remove carbon, copper, or lead contaminants, but can also degrade the common steel alloys used in firearms over time. These additives include, for example, primary amines, secondary amines, polyetheramines, dithiophosphates, or highly alkaline calcium sulfonates.

[0011] As described herein, the inventors have developed a gun cleaning fluid that helps remove carbon, copper, and lead contaminants while having a high flash point (e.g., at least 200). Furthermore, the iron in the barrel steel is almost completely lost over time. More specifically, the inventors have found that cleaning solutions comprising an emulsion having a high concentration (relative to the supplier's recommendation when used in oils and greases) of sulfurized olefins (e.g., greater than 5% by weight based on the total weight of the cleaning solution) and a low concentration of ammonium hydroxide (e.g., less than 1% by weight based on the total weight of the cleaning solution) can remove copper and lead more effectively, for example, than conventional bore cleaners.

[0012] Furthermore, the inventors have discovered that the use of sulfurized olefins in emulsions results in faster and more efficient removal of copper and lead compared to conventional bore cleaners. For example, without being theoretically limited, sulfurized olefins in the emulsion (at the concentrations disclosed herein) can oxidize copper and lead, and ammonium hydroxide can draw the oxidized copper into the polar phase of the emulsion. Therefore, the firearm cleaning fluid of this disclosure can include a two-part catalytic reaction. Unlike many conventional bore cleaners where copper is complexed in additives, the firearm cleaning fluid of this disclosure can dissolve copper.

[0013] Although this disclosure frequently mentions cleaning the bore of firearms, in examples, the cleaning fluid disclosed herein may have other applications, such as cleaning carbon, lead, or copper grime from other parts of the firearm, such as the bolt carrier group (BCG) or muzzle devices (e.g., muzzle brake, flash suppressor, compensator, silencer / suppressor, etc.).

[0014] Example terms As used in this article, the term “about” is intended to mean within 10% of the stated value.

[0015] As used herein, the term "substantially / truly" is intended to mean significantly. For example, a concentration of a component in a first composition that is substantially less than the concentration of that component in a second composition means that the concentration of that component in the first composition is less than about 20% of the concentration in the second composition, for example, less than about 10%, less than about 5%, less than 1%, or even less. As another example, a reaction using substantially only certain components means that at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or about 100% of all components present in the reaction are said certain components.

[0016] Sulfated olefins The firearm cleaning fluid disclosed herein (also referred to as firearm bore cleaner or bore fluid) includes sulfurized olefins. Sulfurized olefins may include sulfur carriers based on olefin / fatty oil chemistry. Sulfurized olefins are soluble in Group IV base oils (classified according to the American Petroleum Institute (API)). In the example, sulfurized olefins may include NA-LUBE. ® EP-5425.

[0017] In the example, the sulfurized olefin may have a sulfur content of about 10% to about 30% by weight, and preferably about 27% by weight, based on the total weight of the sulfurized olefin. In the example, the sulfurized olefin may have an active sulfur content of about 1% to about 20% by weight, and preferably about 17% by weight (measured according to ASTM D1662, which is incorporated herein by reference). In the example, the sulfurized olefin may have a viscosity of about 200 cSt to about 1000 cSt, about 300 cSt to about 900 cSt, or about 500 cSt to about 800 cSt, and preferably about 790 cSt, at 40°C (measured according to ASTM D445, which is incorporated herein by reference). In the example, the sulfurized olefin may have a viscosity of about 311 cSt. The flash point, COC (measured according to ASTM D92, which is incorporated herein by reference).

[0018] The amount of sulfide olefins in the gun cleaning fluid can be less than about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid. In the example, the amount of sulfide olefins in the gun cleaning fluid can be greater than about 5% by weight and less than about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid. In the example, the amount of sulfide olefins in the gun cleaning fluid can be from about 7% by weight to about 15% by weight or from about 8% by weight to about 13% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid. Without being theoretically limited, at these concentrations, sulfide olefins can oxidize copper and produce a soluble form, thereby promoting the dissolution of copper and lead.

[0019] ammonium hydroxide The firearm cleaning fluid disclosed herein may further comprise ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). For example, the firearm cleaning fluid may comprise sulfurized olefins and ammonium hydroxide. The ammonium hydroxide may comprise an aqueous ammonia solution, wherein the amount of ammonia is from about 1% to about 50% by weight, or from about 25% to about 35% by weight, or about 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the solution.

[0020] The amount of ammonium hydroxide in the gun cleaning fluid may be less than about 6% by weight, less than about 3% by weight, or less than about 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

[0021] base oil The firearm cleaning fluid disclosed herein may further include a base oil. For example, the firearm cleaning fluid may include sulfurized olefins, ammonium hydroxide, and a base oil. In examples, the base oil may include a base stock oil or a blend of base stock oils. The base oil may, for example, include mineral oil or naphthenic mineral oil. In examples, the base oil may include a Group V, heavily hydrotreated naphthenic base oil. In examples, the base oil may include HyGold 40. In examples, the base oil may include a Group I base oil. In examples, the base oil may include diesters, polyol esters, trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters, polyalkylene glycols, alkylated naphthalenes, distillate aromatic extracts, polybutene, phosphate esters, polyethers, alkylated biphenyls, and Isoparium. TM Or terpenes (such as limonene or pinene).

[0022] In the examples, the base oil may have a low viscosity, such as less than about 20 cSt at 40°C (measured according to ASTM D445). In the examples, the base oil may have a viscosity of about 2 to about 5 cSt at 40°C (measured according to ASTM D445). In the examples, the base oil may have a viscosity of about 218... Approximately 243 The flash point, COC (measured according to ASTM D92). In the example, the base oil may have a low aniline point, such as an aniline point below about 100°C (measured according to ASTM D611, which is incorporated herein by reference).

[0023] The amount of base oil in the gun cleaning fluid may be approximately 20% to approximately 90% by weight, approximately 30% to approximately 80% by weight, approximately 40% to approximately 70% by weight, or approximately 50% to approximately 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

[0024] Alkylated naphthalene base oil The firearm cleaning fluid disclosed herein may further comprise alkylated naphthalene base oil. For example, the firearm cleaning fluid may comprise sulfurized olefins, ammonium hydroxide, base oils, and alkylated naphthalene base oils. The alkylated naphthalene base oils may comprise synthetic base oils or synthetic alkyl aromatic base oil modifiers. In the example, the alkylated naphthalene may comprise NA-LUBE. ® KR-006FG. In the example, alkylated naphthalene may include NA-LUBE. ® KR-008. Unrestricted by theory, by increasing the solubility of copper and / or lead-removing components to aid component mixing and prevent component separation, alkylated naphthalene base oil helps improve carbon solubility and stabilizes and enhances the performance of gun cleaning fluids.

[0025] In the example, the alkylated naphthalene base oil may have a viscosity of approximately 35 cSt at 40°C (measured according to ASTM D445). In the example, the alkylated naphthalene base oil may have a viscosity of approximately 435 cSt. The flash point, COC (measured according to ASTM D92).

[0026] The amount of alkyl naphthalene base oil in the gun cleaning fluid may be less than about 30% by weight or less than about 20% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

[0027] Ester-based synthetic base oils The firearm cleaning fluid disclosed herein may further comprise ester-based synthetic base oils. For example, the firearm cleaning fluid may include sulfurized olefins, ammonium hydroxide, base oils, alkylated naphthalene base oils, and ester-based synthetic base oils. Ester-based synthetic base oils may include, for example, low-viscosity diesters or polyol esters. Ester-based synthetic base oils may include synthetic base oils based on, for example, adipate esters, TMP esters, or pentaerythritol esters. In an example, the ester-based synthetic base oil may include a Group V synthetic diester base oil based on diisooctyl adipate. In an example, the ester-based synthetic base oil may include Esterex. TM A32. Not limited by theory, ester-based synthetic base oils can, for example, help dissolve / remove carbon. In an example, ester-based synthetic base oils can help remove preservatives (cosmoline) without applying heat.

[0028] In the examples, ester-based synthetic base oils may have low viscosity, such as a viscosity of less than about 20 cSt at 40°C (measured according to ASTM D445). In the examples, ester-based synthetic base oils may have a viscosity of about 9.5 cSt at 40°C (measured according to ASTM D445). In the examples, ester-based synthetic base oils may have a viscosity of about 405 cSt. The flash point, COC (measured according to ASTM D92).

[0029] The amount of ester-based synthetic base oil in the gun cleaning fluid may be less than about 50% by weight, less than about 40% by weight, less than about 30% by weight, less than about 20% by weight, or less than about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

[0030] High flash point alcohols The gun cleaning fluid disclosed herein may further comprise alcohol having a high flash point, such as above about 100°C. The flash point, CC (measured according to ASTM D56, which is incorporated herein by reference). For example, gun cleaning fluids may include sulfurized olefins, ammonium hydroxide, base oils, alkylated naphthalene base oils, ester-based synthetic base oils, and high flash point alcohols. Without being theoretically limited, high flash point alcohols can contribute to the high flash point of gun cleaning fluids. In this example, high flash point alcohols may include alcohols with high flash points, low toxicity, and low viscosity. In this example, high flash point alcohols may include 2-ethylhexanol or other alcohols similar to 2-ethylhexanol that have high flash points, low toxicity, and low viscosity. Due to its moderate polarity, 2-ethylhexanol is soluble in both phases of the gun cleaning fluid.

[0031] In the example, a high flash point alcohol may have a flash point of approximately 140. Approximately 175 Flash point, CC (measured according to ASTM D56).

[0032] The amount of high flash point alcohol in the gun cleaning fluid may be less than about 50% by weight, less than about 40% by weight, less than about 30% by weight, less than about 20% by weight, or less than about 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

[0033] surfactants The firearm cleaning fluid disclosed herein may further include surfactants. For example, the firearm cleaning fluid may include sulfurized olefins, ammonium hydroxide, base oils, alkylated naphthalene base oils, ester-based synthetic base oils, high flash point alcohols, and surfactants. In examples, the surfactant may be one or both of emulsifiers and stabilizers. Surfactants may, for example, include nonionic surfactants with an HLB greater than about 10 or about 15. In examples, the surfactant may include polyoxyethylene (20) dehydrated sorbitan monooleate (i.e., polysorbate 80).

[0034] The amount of surfactant in the gun cleaning fluid may be less than about 6% by weight, less than about 4% by weight, less than about 2% by weight, or less than about 1% by weight, based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

[0035] Other additives In some examples, the gun cleaning fluid may consist primarily of sulfurized olefins, ammonium hydroxide, base oils, alkylated naphthalene base oils, ester-based synthetic base oils, high flash point alcohols, and surfactants. In some examples, the gun cleaning fluid may be substantially free of (e.g., the gun cleaning fluid may not include) one or more of the following: primary amine compounds; secondary amine compounds; polyetheramine compounds; dithiophosphate compounds; or highly alkaline calcium sulfonate compounds. In some examples, the gun cleaning fluid may be substantially free of (e.g., the gun cleaning fluid may not include) primary amine compounds, secondary amine compounds, polyetheramine compounds, dithiophosphate compounds, and highly alkaline calcium sulfonate compounds.

[0036] Example Method Figure 1 An example method 100 for producing a gun cleaning fluid (e.g., which can be applied to parts of a firearm) according to one aspect of this disclosure is shown. The sequence of operations in method 100 may, for example, help improve the stability of the resulting emulsion (i.e., the gun cleaning fluid). Method 100 may include mixing an alcohol and an ester-based synthetic base oil to form a first mixture, the alcohol having a flash point higher than about 100. (Operation 102). In the example, the amount of alcohol is less than about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid. In the example, the amount of ester-based synthetic base oil is less than about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

[0037] Method 100 may further include adding ammonium hydroxide to the first mixture to form a second mixture (operation 104). In an example, adding ammonium hydroxide to the first mixture to form the second mixture may include adding ammonium hydroxide to the first mixture and mixing the ammonium hydroxide with the first mixture at a speed sufficient to induce a vortex. In an example, the amount of ammonium hydroxide is less than about 6% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid. The ammonium hydroxide comprises a solution having an amount of ammonia from about 1% by weight to about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the solution.

[0038] Method 100 may further include adding a surfactant to the second mixture to form a third mixture (operation 106). In an example, the surfactant may be added dropwise to the vortex side. In an example, adding a surfactant to the second mixture to form a third mixture may include adding the surfactant to the second mixture and mixing the surfactant with the second mixture for about 2 minutes to form a crude emulsion. In an example, the third mixture may include a crude emulsion. In an example, the amount of surfactant is less than about 6% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

[0039] Method 100 may further include adding an alkylated naphthalene base oil to the third mixture to form a fourth mixture (operation 108). In an example, adding the alkylated naphthalene base oil to the third mixture may include adding the alkylated naphthalene base oil to the third mixture and mixing the alkylated naphthalene base oil with the third mixture until the mixture of the alkylated naphthalene base oil and the third mixture is homogeneous. In an example, the amount of alkylated naphthalene base oil is less than about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

[0040] Method 100 may further include adding a Group I or Group V base oil to a fourth mixture to form a fifth mixture (operation 110). In an example, adding a Group I or Group V base oil to the fourth mixture may include adding the Group I or Group V base oil to the fourth mixture and mixing the Group I or Group V base oil with the fourth mixture until the mixture of the Group I or Group V base oil and the fourth mixture is homogeneous. In an example, the amount of the Group I or Group V base oil is approximately 20% to approximately 90% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

[0041] Method 100 may further include adding a sulfurized olefin to a fifth mixture to form a gun cleaning fluid (operation 112). In an example, the sulfurized olefin may be added to the vortex side. In an example, adding the sulfurized olefin to the fifth mixture may include adding the sulfurized olefin to the fifth mixture and mixing the sulfurized olefin with the fifth mixture until the turbidity decreases to form a microemulsion. In an example, the gun cleaning fluid may include a microemulsion. In an example, the amount of sulfurized olefin is greater than about 5% by weight and less than about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

[0042] Example The following examples are intended to be purely illustrative and not to limit the scope of the invention. The inventive cleaning solution and the comparative cleaning solution were subjected to the following tests.

[0043] Solubility test The dissolving power of the invented and comparative cleaning solutions was tested by placing the following substances into clean, dry 100 mL beakers: (i) 10 g of 1 cm diameter AISI 4140 steel (ordnance steel containing 1% chromium, 0.25% molybdenum, 0.4% carbon, and 1% manganese as the main alloying metals, in addition to iron); (ii) 10 g of 16-gauge copper wire (99.96% purity); (iii) 10 g of 1 / 4-inch diameter lead wire; and (iv) 50 g of each cleaning solution. The filled beakers were allowed to stand for 7 days. After 7 days, the corresponding cleaning solutions were analyzed using a SpectrOil M series rotating disc electrode optical emission spectrometer (RDE-OES). The results of this test provide elemental analysis of the metals in the samples. Since the purpose is a gun cleaner, the main metals of interest were, for example, copper, lead, iron, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese, with higher levels of copper and lead being desirable and lower levels of iron, chromium, and manganese being desirable.

[0044] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 is a water-based bore cleaner. The composition of Comparative Example 1 is provided in Table 1 below. The solubility test results of Comparative Example 1 are provided in Table 2 below. Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 is a petroleum-based bore cleaner. The composition of Comparative Example 2 is provided in Table 3 below. The solubility test results of Comparative Example 2 are provided in Table 4 below. Example 1 The composition of Example 1 is provided in Table 5 below. The solubility test results of Example 1 are provided in Table 6 below. Example 2 The compositions of Example 2 are provided in Table 7 below. The solubility test results of Example 2 are provided in Table 8 below. Example 3 The composition of Example 3 is provided in Table 9 below. The solubility test results of Example 3 are provided in Table 10 below. Example 4 The composition of Example 4 is provided in Table 11 below. The solubility test results of Example 4 are provided in Table 12 below. Example 5 The composition of Example 5 is provided in Table 13 below. The solubility test results of Example 5 are provided in Table 14 below. Example 6 The compositions of Example 6 are provided in Table 15 below. The solubility test results of Example 6 are provided in Table 16 below. It should be understood that the various features, aspects, and functions described in one or more individual embodiments are not limited to their applicability to the specific embodiments described therein. Instead, they may be applied individually or in various combinations to one or more other embodiments, whether or not such embodiments have been described, and whether or not such features have been presented as part of the described embodiments. Therefore, the breadth and scope of this application should not be limited to any of the exemplary embodiments described above.

[0045] The terms and phrases used in this document, and their variations thereof, should be understood as open-ended rather than restrictive, unless otherwise expressly stated. As an example of the foregoing, the term “comprising” should be interpreted as meaning “unrestrictedly including” or similar. The term “example” is used to provide an exemplary example of the items discussed, not an exhaustive or restrictive enumeration. The terms “a” or “an” should be interpreted as meaning “at least one,” “one or more,” or similar; and adjectives such as “conventional,” “traditional,” “normal,” “standard,” “known.” Terms with similar meanings should not be construed as limiting the described items to a given time period or to items available up to a given time. Instead, they should be interpreted as encompassing conventional, traditional, normal, or standard techniques that may be used or known at any time now or in the future. When this document refers to techniques that are obvious or known to a person skilled in the art, such techniques encompass those that are obvious or known to a person skilled in the art at any time now or in the future.

[0046] In some cases, there are extended terms and phrases such as "one or more," "at least," "but not limited to," or other similar phrases, which should not be interpreted as implying a narrower intent or requirement in the absence of such extended phrases. The use of the term "component" does not mean that the aspects or functions described or claimed as part of that component are configured in a common package. In fact, any or all aspects of a component, whether control logic or other components, can be combined in a single package or maintained / held separately, and can be further distributed across multiple groups or packages or distributed across multiple locations.

[0047] Furthermore, various implementations described herein are illustrated with exemplary block diagrams, flowcharts, and other diagrams. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this document that the illustrated implementations and their various alternatives can be implemented without being limited to the examples shown. For instance, the block diagrams and accompanying descriptions should not be construed as imposing specific architectures or configurations.

Claims

1. Gun cleaning fluid, comprising: Ammonium hydroxide; and The amount of sulfurized olefins is less than about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

2. The gun cleaning fluid according to claim 1, wherein: The ammonium hydroxide comprises a solution having an amount of ammonia of about 1% to about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the solution; and The amount of ammonium hydroxide is less than about 6% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning solution.

3. The gun cleaning fluid according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the sulfurized olefin is greater than about 5% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

4. The gun cleaning fluid according to claim 3, wherein the amount of the sulfurized olefin is from about 7% to about 15% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

5. The gun cleaning fluid according to claim 1, further comprising one or more of the following: Base oil; Surfactants; Alkylated naphthalene base oil; Flash point above approximately 100 alcohols; or Ester-based synthetic base oil.

6. The gun cleaning fluid of claim 5, wherein the amount of the base oil is from about 20% to about 90% by weight of the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

7. The firearm cleaning fluid according to claim 6, wherein the base oil comprises Group I base oil or Group V base oil.

8. The gun cleaning fluid of claim 5, wherein the amount of the surfactant is less than about 6% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

9. The gun cleaning fluid according to claim 5, wherein the amount of the alkylated naphthalene base oil is less than about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

10. The gun cleaning fluid of claim 5, wherein the amount of alcohol is less than about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

11. The gun cleaning fluid according to claim 5, wherein the amount of the ester-based synthetic base oil is less than about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

12. The firearm cleaning fluid of claim 1, wherein the firearm cleaning fluid substantially does not contain one or more of the following: Contains primary amine compounds; Compounds containing secondary amines; Contains polyetheramine compounds; Contains dithiophosphate compounds; or It contains highly alkaline calcium sulfonate compounds.

13. A method for cleaning parts of a firearm, the method comprising applying a cleaning fluid to the parts of the firearm, the cleaning fluid comprising: Ammonium hydroxide; and The amount of sulfurized olefins is greater than about 5% by weight and less than about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the cleaning solution.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein: The ammonium hydroxide comprises a solution having an amount of ammonia of about 1% to about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the solution; and The amount of ammonium hydroxide is less than about 6% by weight based on the total weight of the cleaning solution.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the cleaning fluid further comprises one or more of the following: The base oil is present in an amount of approximately 20% to approximately 90% by weight based on the total weight of the cleaning fluid. The surfactant is present in an amount less than about 6% by weight based on the total weight of the cleaning solution. Alkylated naphthalene base oil, wherein the amount of said alkylated naphthalene base oil is less than about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the cleaning fluid; The alcohol, wherein the amount of alcohol is less than about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the cleaning solution, and the alcohol has a flash point higher than about 100. ;or The amount of the ester-based synthetic base oil is less than about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the cleaning fluid.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein the cleaning solution substantially does not contain one or more of the following: Contains primary amine compounds; Compounds containing secondary amines; Contains polyetheramine compounds; Contains dithiophosphate compounds; or It contains highly alkaline calcium sulfonate compounds.

17. A method for generating a firearm cleaning fluid, the method comprising: An alcohol and an ester-based synthetic base oil are mixed to form a first mixture, wherein the alcohol has a flash point higher than about 100. ; Ammonium hydroxide is added to the first mixture to form a second mixture; A surfactant is added to the second mixture to form a third mixture; An alkylated naphthalene base oil is added to the third mixture to form a fourth mixture; Add Group I or Group V base oils to the fourth mixture to form a fifth mixture; and Sulfated olefins are added to the fifth mixture to form the gun cleaning fluid.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein: The third mixture comprises a crude emulsion; and The gun cleaning fluid includes microemulsions.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the amount of the sulfurized olefin is greater than about 5% by weight and less than about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein: The amount of alcohol is less than about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid. The amount of the ester-based synthetic base oil is less than about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid. The amount of ammonium hydroxide is less than about 6% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid, and the ammonium hydroxide comprises a solution having an amount of ammonia of about 1% to about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the solution; The amount of surfactant is less than about 6% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid. The amount of the alkylated naphthalene base oil is less than about 30% by weight based on the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid; and The amount of the Group I or Group V base oil is approximately 20% to approximately 90% by weight of the total weight of the gun cleaning fluid.

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