A method and system for producing a mycelium composite

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of biofabrication, and particularly relates to a production method and system of mycelium composite material. The present application discloses a production method of mycelium composite material, comprising the following steps: S100, wrapping regenerated bio-based cloth on a growth substrate; S200, infiltrating the growth substrate with a liquid containing mycelium strains; S300, controlling the growth substrate to rotate around a central axis for culture; S400, performing hot air drying and inactivation treatment, and harvesting the mycelium composite material; wherein the growth substrate is an axisymmetric structure formed by wrapping a material with pores. The production method and system of mycelium composite material of the present application significantly improve the product uniformity and space utilization by using the axisymmetric porous growth substrate rotating dynamically, and are easy to automate production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biomanufacturing technology, and in particular to a method and system for producing mycelial composite materials. Background Technology

[0002] Mycelial composites are biomaterials with specific structures and functions, formed by using fungal mycelia as a natural binder to bond agricultural waste, bio-based fibers, and other matrices together. Due to their outstanding advantages such as biodegradability, sustainability, and adjustable performance, they are considered promising new environmentally friendly materials that can replace traditional plastics, leather, and building insulation materials. In recent years, they have shown broad application prospects in environmental protection, packaging, textiles, construction, and functional foods.

[0003] In existing technologies, the production methods of mycelial composite materials typically employ a static planar culture mode. For example, bio-based fabric or granular substrate inoculated with mycelium is laid flat on trays, molds, or static shelving systems, and static solid-state fermentation is carried out under controlled environmental conditions. However, this type of method has the following technical drawbacks: First, low production efficiency and space utilization. Under the static planar culture mode, the effective growth area per unit area is limited, typically producing only a small amount of product per square meter of culture area. To expand production capacity, a large amount of factory space or numerous shelving units are often required, resulting in high fixed asset investment and operating costs per unit output, severely restricting the feasibility of large-scale industrial production. Second, poor product uniformity and consistency. During static culture, due to gravity, liquids (including inoculum, moisture, and nutrient solution) settle within the substrate, leading to uneven distribution of humidity, nutrient concentration, and mycelial density in different areas of the substrate (e.g., upper and lower surfaces, edges and center). This unevenness directly... This results in inconsistent final product thickness, significant anisotropy in mechanical properties, and poor batch-to-batch stability, making it difficult to meet the basic requirements for consistent material performance in commercial applications. For example, in statically cultured sheets, the mycelium on the upper surface may be overgrown and dense, while the mycelium on the lower surface may be sparse or even incompletely colonized, leading to insufficient overall material strength or easy delamination. Third, the process is difficult to automate. The existing static culture production model relies heavily on manual or semi-mechanized operations for its steps (such as inoculation, feeding, environmental monitoring, and harvesting). There is a lack of effective automated connections between production units, which not only leads to high labor costs but also limits the precise control and large-scale replication of the production process, making it impossible to achieve continuous and standardized industrial production like modern manufacturing.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a production method and system for mycelial composite materials to solve the technical problems of low space utilization, poor product uniformity and difficulty in automation in the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a method and system for producing mycelial composite materials. Through a dynamically rotating axisymmetric porous growth substrate, the product uniformity and space utilization are significantly improved, and the process is easy to automate.

[0006] Therefore, the first objective of this invention is to provide a method for producing mycelial composite materials.

[0007] A second objective of this invention is to provide a production system for mycelial composite materials.

[0008] To achieve the first objective of this invention, the technical solution of this invention provides a method for producing mycelial composite materials, comprising the following steps: S100, wrapping a regenerated bio-based fabric around a growth substrate; S200, impregnating the growth substrate with a liquid containing mycelial strains; S300, controlling the growth substrate to rotate around its central axis for cultivation; S400, performing hot air drying and inactivation treatment to harvest the mycelial composite material; wherein, the growth substrate is an axisymmetric structure formed by wrapping a porous material.

[0009] Furthermore, the mycelial composite material exhibits a thickness uniformity of ±3%, a tensile strength of 5MPa-20MPa, an elongation at break of 10%-40%, and a biodegradability of >90% under industrial composting conditions after 180 days.

[0010] Furthermore, the growth substrate is selected as a sheet with a thickness of 2mm-8mm, or a density of 0.1g / cm³-0.8g / cm³, or a compressive strength of 0.1MPa-5MPa, or a thermal conductivity of 0.02W / (m·K)-0.1W / (m·K).

[0011] Compared with existing technologies, the technical effects achieved by this solution are as follows: By using an axisymmetric porous structure that can rotate around a central axis as the growth substrate, during the rotation process, the liquid (including inoculum and nutrient solution) will be redistributed uniformly along the surface and internal pores of the substrate due to the combined effects of centrifugal force and gravity. This fundamentally overcomes the problem of uneven distribution of humidity, nutrients, and mycelial density caused by the unidirectional sedimentation of liquid due to gravity in static cultivation, thus significantly improving the uniformity of the final mycelial composite product. At the same time, the rotational movement of the axisymmetric structure allows the mycelium to obtain more uniform growth stimulation in three-dimensional space, which is conducive to the formation of a dense material with consistent performance. In addition, the method has a clear step logic and smooth connection between each step, laying the foundation for subsequent automated integration and effectively reducing the risk of human intervention and contamination.

[0012] In one technical solution of the present invention, S300 specifically includes: S310, controlling the growth substrate to rotate around the central axis and switching the rotation direction at a target time for cultivation; S320, replenishing water or nutrient solution to maintain the humidity of the growth substrate.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, the technical effects achieved by this solution are as follows: periodically switching the rotation direction can break the directional growth trend of mycelium that may be induced by unidirectional rotation, and promote the formation of an isotropic interwoven network of mycelium in three-dimensional space, thereby significantly improving the consistency of mechanical strength of the composite material in the longitudinal and transverse directions and eliminating the anisotropic defects of the material; at the same time, actively replenishing water or nutrient solution during the cultivation process can dynamically maintain the humidity of the substrate within a suitable range, avoiding mycelial growth stagnation or death due to water evaporation or nutrient consumption, thereby extending the rapid growth period of mycelium, increasing mycelial biomass and material density, and ultimately obtaining a higher quality composite material.

[0014] In one technical solution of the present invention, in S310, the target time is 6h-12h; in S310, the culture temperature is 22℃-30℃; in S310, the relative humidity of the culture is 75%-90%; and in S310, the oxygen concentration of the culture is >15%.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the technical advantages achieved by this solution are as follows: By limiting the rotation direction switching cycle, temperature, humidity, and oxygen concentration within specific ranges, it provides optimized microenvironmental conditions for the growth of basidiomycete mycelia. Specifically, the switching frequency of 6-12 hours effectively disrupts the directional arrangement of mycelia without interfering with normal mycelial extension due to excessively frequent reversals; the temperature range of 22℃ to 30℃ covers the suitable growth temperature for most edible and medicinal fungi; the high humidity environment of 75% to 90% prevents the substrate surface from drying out and causing mycelial dehydration and death; and the oxygen concentration of more than 15% ensures sufficient oxygen supply for aerobic respiration of mycelia during solid-state fermentation. These parameters work synergistically to significantly shorten the cultivation cycle, increase mycelial growth rate and metabolic activity, thereby improving production efficiency and product quality.

[0016] In one technical solution of the present invention, in S320, the nutrient solution contains 2%-5% carbon source, 0.3%-1% nitrogen source, and 0.1%-0.3% inorganic salt, and the pH is adjusted to 5.5-6.5; in S320, the humidity of the growth substrate is maintained at 60%-75%.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the technical effects achieved by this solution are as follows: By optimizing the carbon-nitrogen ratio and inorganic salt composition of the nutrient solution, a balanced and sufficient amount of nutrients are provided to the mycelium. The carbon source provides energy and mycelial skeleton materials, the nitrogen source promotes the synthesis of proteins and enzymes, and the inorganic salts maintain osmotic pressure and participate in enzyme activity regulation. The combination of these three in a specific ratio can significantly promote the rapid germination and spread of mycelium. The slightly acidic environment with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5 is the optimal pH for the growth of most basidiomycetes, which is conducive to the absorption and utilization of nutrients by the mycelium. Maintaining the substrate humidity at 60% to 75% can meet the water requirements for mycelial growth while avoiding excessive humidity that could lead to an anaerobic environment or the growth of miscellaneous bacteria. This humidity range also facilitates the tight bonding between the mycelium and the regenerated bio-based fabric, forming a strong composite material interface.

[0018] In one technical solution of the present invention, the mycelial strain is selected from Basidiomycota fungi, which include at least one of Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinus edodes, and Cordyceps sinensis.

[0019] Compared with existing technologies, the technical effects achieved by this solution are as follows: Basidiomycetes possess unique clamp-like structures and septate structures, resulting in vigorous mycelial growth and strong intermycelial fusion capabilities. This allows them to quickly weave loose bio-based fabrics into dense composite materials. Furthermore, these fungi generally have excellent lignocellulose decomposition capabilities, fully utilizing the cellulose components in recycled bio-based fabrics to achieve deep integration between the substrate and mycelium. Oyster mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum, shiitake mushrooms, and Cordyceps sinensis are all safe edible fungi that have undergone long-term artificial domestication and do not produce known toxic metabolites. Mycelial composite materials prepared from these fungi can directly or indirectly contact human skin or food, broadening the application areas of the products. In addition, different fungal species endow composite materials with different colors, textures, and mechanical properties, providing abundant fungal resources for developing multifunctional and differentiated product series.

[0020] In one technical solution of the present invention, when oyster mushrooms are used, the cultivation temperature is 22℃-28℃, the rotation speed is 1rpm-2rpm, and the cultivation time is 7-14 days; when Ganoderma lucidum is used, the cultivation temperature is 24℃-30℃, the rotation speed is 2rpm-3rpm, and the cultivation time is 12-18 days; when shiitake mushrooms are used, the cultivation temperature is 22℃-26℃, the rotation speed is 0.8rpm-1.5rpm, and the cultivation time is 8-12 days; when Cordyceps sinensis is used, the cultivation temperature is 22℃-25℃, the rotation speed is 1rpm-1.8rpm, and the cultivation time is 10-14 days.

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, the technical effects achieved by this solution are as follows: Based on the biological characteristics of different basidiomycete species, the cultivation temperature, rotation speed, and cultivation cycle were optimized to match them, achieving synergistic effects between species characteristics and process parameters. For example, oyster mushroom mycelium grows rapidly but is relatively fragile, so a lower rotation speed is suitable to avoid shear damage; Ganoderma lucidum mycelium requires a higher rotation speed to stimulate mycelial lignification and improve material strength; shiitake mushroom is suitable for a relatively low rotation speed to facilitate mycelial spread; and Cordyceps requires a medium rotation speed to maintain high expression of its bioactive components. This species-specific matching of process parameters maximizes the growth potential and material forming ability of each species, obtaining optimal composite material performance within the shortest cultivation cycle, significantly improving the targeting and economy of production.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, in S400, the temperature of the hot air is 60°C-80°C; in S400, the moisture content of the mycelial composite material is 8%-12%.

[0023] Compared with existing technologies, the technical effects achieved by this solution are as follows: Using hot air at 60℃ to 80℃ for drying and inactivation effectively kills live cells in the mycelium, terminating its continued growth and preventing further metabolic changes or spore formation that could affect the product's appearance during storage. Furthermore, this temperature range does not cause excessive denaturation of mycelial proteins or thermal degradation of the composite material, thus better preserving its mechanical properties and biodegradability. Controlling the final moisture content to 8% to 12% ensures sufficient dryness to inhibit secondary contamination by molds and other microorganisms, extending the product's shelf life, while avoiding the problems of increased brittleness and decreased flexibility caused by excessive drying. This results in harvested mycelial composite materials with good feel, flexibility, and dimensional stability, facilitating subsequent cutting, curling, or further processing.

[0024] In one technical solution of the present invention, the growth substrate has a mesh structure; the porosity of the growth substrate is 40%-70%; the mesh size of the growth substrate is 1mm-5mm; and the wire diameter of the growth substrate is 0.5mm-1.5mm.

[0025] Compared with existing technologies, the technical effects achieved by this solution are as follows: the mesh structure has a higher porosity and lower weight compared to perforated plates or solid structures, allowing liquids and gases to flow freely in both directions inside and outside the substrate. This ensures that the liquid from the central spray system can quickly and evenly penetrate into the recycled bio-based fabric wrapped around the outer layer, while also facilitating the timely removal of carbon dioxide generated by mycelial respiration. The porosity of 40% to 70% ensures sufficient open space for mycelia to pass through and interweave, while maintaining the structural rigidity of the growth substrate itself. The mesh size of 1mm to 5mm matches the growth scale of the mycelia, allowing them to pass through the mesh to form bridges between the inner and outer surfaces, firmly anchoring the mycelial composite material to the growth substrate. The mesh wire diameter of 0.5mm to 1.5mm provides sufficient strength and fatigue resistance, enabling it to withstand long-term continuous rotation without deformation or breakage, while also preventing it from being completely wrapped by mycelia and affecting demolding.

[0026] In one technical solution of the present invention, the recycled bio-based fabric includes at least one of cotton, hemp, jute, bamboo fiber and their blends to form a tubular fabric; the weight of the recycled bio-based fabric is 150g / m²-400g / m².

[0027] Furthermore, recycled bio-based fabrics utilize waste or recycled natural plant fiber fabrics.

[0028] Compared with existing technologies, the technical effects achieved by this solution are as follows: It realizes the resource utilization of agricultural by-products or waste textiles, conforming to the concepts of circular economy and green manufacturing; cotton, hemp, jute, and bamboo fibers are all hydrophilic natural fibers with excellent moisture absorption and retention properties, capable of absorbing and retaining the inoculum and nutrient solutions sprayed from the central spray system, providing a continuous source of moisture and nutrients for the mycelium; simultaneously, the rough structure and micropores on the surface of these fibers facilitate the attachment and colonization of the mycelium; the tubular fabric shape allows it to be easily fitted onto the cylindrical growth substrate, providing uniform coverage and preventing slippage; the weight range ensures that the fabric has sufficient thickness and strength to support the grown mycelium. Too low a weight would result in insufficient strength of the composite material, while too high a weight would hinder liquid penetration and mycelial spread; this range achieves the optimal balance between operability and material performance.

[0029] To achieve the second objective of this invention, the technical solution of this invention provides a production system for mycelial composite materials, which can be used in the production method of mycelial composite materials of any of the above technical solutions, comprising: a growth substrate having a receiving space; a support structure for supporting the growth substrate; a driving device for driving the growth substrate to rotate around a central axis; and a spray nutrient supply system including a spray pipe located in the receiving space.

[0030] Furthermore, the entire cultivation process can be completed inside a relatively closed growth substrate and in a controlled environment chamber.

[0031] Furthermore, the mycelium composite material production system also includes: a rectangular rigid outer frame for supporting and fixing the horizontally rotating growth unit, with standardized quick-connect interfaces.

[0032] Furthermore, the mycelium composite material production system also includes an automated storage and retrieval system, comprising multi-layer shelves, stacker cranes, conveyor lines, and a central control system, for the cultivation of mycelium within it, with each storage location independently controlling temperature, relative humidity, and gas composition.

[0033] Furthermore, the mycelium composite material production system can be directly integrated with existing automated warehouse infrastructure without large-scale modifications. The standardized cuboid frame design ensures compatibility with mainstream logistics equipment (such as stacker cranes from brands like KUKA, Swisslog, and Siasun). The manufacturing cost of cylindrical metal mesh is 30-40% lower than that of perforated cylinders, and it is a standard industrial product with a mature supply chain. Calculations show that the system's yield per unit area is 5-10 times that of traditional planar cultivation, labor costs are reduced by 60-70%, and the product qualification rate increases from 85% to over 98% compared to traditional methods, demonstrating significant economic benefits and market competitiveness.

[0034] Compared with existing technologies, the technical advantages of this solution are as follows: The space for the growth substrate provides installation locations for the support structure and spraying system, resulting in a compact system with high space utilization. The support structure firmly connects the growth substrate to the central axis via spokes, ensuring the structural rigidity and operational stability of the large growth substrate during long-term rotation and preventing deformation caused by centrifugal force or gravity. The drive device can precisely control the rotation speed, acceleration, and direction switching of the growth substrate, providing a hardware foundation for periodic forward and reverse rotation cultivation. The spraying system places the spray pipes on the central axis, allowing the nutrient solution or inoculum solution to be sprayed from the inside out, uniformly wetting the outer layer of regenerated bio-based fabric through the pores of the growth substrate. This inside-out feeding method avoids the contamination and unevenness problems that may be caused by external spraying, and also facilitates automated and programmed precise feeding in a closed environment. The entire system has a simple structure, is easy to scale up and automate, and can be easily connected in parallel with multiple units or integrated into an automated three-dimensional warehouse management system, thereby achieving high-density, standardized, and industrialized production of mycelial composite materials.

[0035] The technical solution provided by this invention can achieve at least one of the following effects: (1) Significantly improve the uniformity and consistency of mycelial composite materials. By adopting an axisymmetric porous mesh growth substrate that can rotate around the central axis and periodically switching the rotation direction, the inoculum liquid and nutrient solution are evenly distributed under the combined action of centrifugal force and gravity. This completely overcomes the problem of uneven humidity, nutrition and mycelial density on the upper and lower surfaces caused by unidirectional sedimentation of liquid in static culture. The uniformity of product thickness is controllable. At the same time, the anisotropy of the material is eliminated, and the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break tend to be consistent in the longitudinal and transverse directions. (2) Achieving high space utilization and fully automated production: This method and system transforms the traditional planar static cultivation into a cylindrical rolling growth mode. Multiple growth units can be arranged in a high density in a three-dimensional space and can be integrated into an automated three-dimensional warehouse management system, thereby increasing the effective growth area per unit area. At the same time, the spray feeding system, drive device and environmental control system can work together to achieve automatic control of inoculation, watering, rotation reversal, drying and harvesting, which greatly reduces labor costs and operational errors. (3) Effectively reduce the risk of contamination and improve the product qualification rate. The entire cultivation process is carried out in a relatively closed growth substrate and a controllable environment chamber. The central spray system avoids opening the chamber. Combined with optimized temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration control, it can significantly inhibit the growth of miscellaneous bacteria, control the contamination rate, improve the product qualification rate, and ensure the stability and economy of large-scale production. (4) The product has excellent performance and can be flexibly adjusted according to application needs. By selecting different basidiomycete strains and matching the corresponding rotation speed, culture temperature and cycle, a series of mycelial composite materials with adjustable mechanical strength, elongation at break, density and thermal conductivity can be prepared. The material has a high biodegradability under industrial composting conditions and can be widely used in environmentally friendly leather, packaging materials, building insulation materials and functional food carriers. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be discussed below. Obviously, the technical solutions described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments and their accompanying drawings can be obtained based on the embodiments shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the production system structure of the mycelial composite material of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the production system structure of the mycelial composite material of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an enlarged view of part A of the second schematic diagram of the production system structure of the mycelial composite material of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 1. Production system of mycelial composite material; 10. Growth substrate; 10a. Containment space; 20. Support structure; 21. Spokes; 30. Drive device; 40. Spray nutrient supply system; 41. Spray pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of various embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments described in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] The following reference Figures 1 to 3 The technical solutions of some embodiments of the present invention are described below.

[0041]

Example 1

[0042] The material was longitudinally cut and unfolded along the generatrix to obtain a sheet approximately 1.57m wide, 4mm-5mm thick, and with an area of ​​approximately 2.5m². Testing showed a tensile strength of 12±2MPa, an elongation at break of 25±5%, a thickness uniformity of ±3%, and no visible contamination. This material possesses good flexibility and mechanical strength, making it suitable for leather products such as footwear and bags.

[0043]

Example 2

[0044] S100: Tubular fabric wrapped with recycled jute fiber (300g / m²). S200: Inoculate with Ganoderma lucidum liquid spawn at a rate of 1.5 L / kg dry substrate, and add 1% CaCO3 to adjust the pH to 5.8; S300: Cultivation environment temperature 28±1℃, relative humidity 85±5%, O2 concentration >16%. The growth substrate 10 was rotated at 2 rpm, changing direction every 12 hours. An intermittent nutrient supplementation strategy was adopted: water only for days 1-5, nutrient solution (3% maltose + 0.8% peptone) for days 6-12, and water only for days 13-18. The cultivation cycle was 18 days. S400: After the culture is completed, dry with hot air at 80℃ for 8 hours.

[0045] Product performance: The harvested mycelium composite material is 6mm-8mm thick, with a tensile strength of 18±3MPa, and has a natural wood texture. This material can be used as a building decoration material or functional board.

[0046]

Example 3

[0047] S100: The recycled cotton-linen blended tubular woven fabric (250 g / m²) is placed on the outer surface of the metal mesh of the growth substrate 10 and fixed. S200: Inoculate different areas of the substrate with liquid spawn of oyster mushroom and liquid spawn of Ganoderma lucidum, with a total inoculation amount of 1.2L / kg dry substrate; S300: Cultivation environment temperature 26±1℃, relative humidity 86±3%, O2 concentration >17%. The growth substrate 10 rotates at 1.8 rpm, changing direction every 10 hours. High-nitrogen nutrient solution is provided to the oyster mushroom area through segmented independent spraying, while high-carbon nutrient solution is provided to the Ganoderma lucidum area. Cultivation cycle is 16 days. S400: After the culture is completed, dry with hot air at 75℃ for 7 hours.

[0048] Product performance: The resulting composite material has a soft outer layer and a hard inner layer, combining a soft touch with structural strength. It has a thickness of 5mm-7mm, a tensile strength of 15±2MPa, an elongation at break of 20±3%, and a thickness uniformity of ±2.5%. It is suitable for high-end leather products requiring composite properties.

[0049]

Example 4

[0050] S100: Wrapped in recycled bamboo fiber tubular fabric (250g / m²). S200: Inoculate with liquid shiitake mushroom spawn, inoculation amount 0.8L / kg dry substrate, spraying pressure 0.08MPa; S300: Cultivation environment temperature 24±1℃, relative humidity 86±3%, O2 concentration >18%. The growth substrate 10 was rotated at 1 rpm, changing direction every 8 hours. Nutrient solution (2.5% sucrose + 0.6% soybean meal extract + 0.1% KH2PO4) was sprayed for 2 minutes every 10 hours. The cultivation cycle was 10 days. S400: After cultivation, dry in hot air at 65℃ for 5 hours.

[0051] Product Performance: The harvested mycelium composite material is 3mm-4mm thick, exhibits excellent compressive strength, superior cushioning performance compared to traditional polystyrene foam, and is fully biodegradable. Tensile strength is 10±1.5MPa, elongation at break is 15±3%, and thickness uniformity is ±4%. This material is an ideal environmentally friendly packaging material.

[0052]

Example 5

[0053] S100: Wrapped in recycled cotton and linen blended tubular fabric (180 g / m²). S200: Inoculate with Cordyceps liquid spawn, inoculation amount 1.0L / kg dry substrate, spraying pressure 0.12MPa; S300: Cultivation environment temperature 22-25℃, relative humidity 75-80%, O2 concentration >17%. The growth substrate 10 is rotated at 1rpm-1.8rpm (1.0rpm initially, 1.8rpm later), changing direction every 10 hours. A dedicated nutrient solution (2% glucose + 0.4% yeast powder + trace amounts of vitamin B1) is sprayed every 10 hours. The cultivation cycle is 12 days. S400: After the culture is completed, dry with hot air at 70℃ for 6 hours.

[0054] Product performance: The obtained mycelial material is rich in cordycepin and adenosine, exhibiting significant biological activity. It has a tensile strength of 8±2 MPa, a biological activity retention rate of >85%, and a thickness uniformity of ±3%. It can be used for functional food packaging or as a carrier for pharmaceuticals and health products.

[0055] Comparative Example 1 Using the same strains, substrate, nutrient solution, and environmental conditions as in Example 1, but employing a traditional static planar culture method (growth substrate 10 laid flat on a tray without rotation), after 14 days of culture, the observed and tested results were as follows: excessive mycelial growth on the upper surface of the substrate (thickness 8mm-10mm), sparse mycelial growth on the lower surface (thickness only 1mm-2mm), thickness variation coefficient >25%, extremely poor product consistency, and inability to form a stable composite material. Furthermore, the contamination rate during the culture process was as high as 5%-8%.

[0056] Comparative Example 2 The same strains, substrates, nutrient solutions and environmental conditions as in Example 1 were used, except that the growth substrate 10 was placed vertically (with its axis perpendicular to the ground) and the driving device rotated it around the vertical axis.

[0057] Comparative Example 3 The same strains, substrates, nutrient solutions and environmental conditions as in Example 1 were used, the difference being that the growth substrate 10 rotated around its central axis without changing direction (i.e., it always rotated in the same direction).

[0058] Table 1

[0059] According to the test results in the table above, the thickness uniformity of the mycelial composite materials provided in Examples 1-5 is within ±4%, with Examples 2 and 3 reaching ±2.5%, which is far superior to >±25% in Comparative Example 1 and ±8% in Comparative Example 2. This indicates that the horizontal rotation and periodic reversal cultivation method of the present invention significantly improves the thickness uniformity of the product. Regarding tensile strength, Examples 1-5 range from 8MPa to 18MPa, with Example 2 (Ganoderma lucidum strain) reaching 18±3MPa, exhibiting the highest strength. Comparative Example 1, however, only reaches 5±2MPa, while Comparative Examples 2 and 3 reach 9±2MPa respectively. Pa and 9±1.5MPa indicate that the dynamic rotation culture of the present invention, especially when combined with strain-specific process parameters, can significantly enhance the mechanical properties of the material. Regarding the contamination rate, Examples 1-5 were all controlled at <0.5%, far lower than the 5-8% of Comparative Example 1 and 1-2% of Comparative Example 2, confirming that the closed dynamic culture and central spray system can effectively inhibit contamination by miscellaneous bacteria. In terms of the culture cycle, Examples 1-5 were 10-18 days, comparable to or slightly longer than Comparative Example 1 (14 days) (Ganoderma lucidum requires 18 days), but far superior to the 18-21 days of Comparative Example 2, and the product uniformity and strength were significantly improved. A comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 shows that periodically switching the rotation direction (Example 1) can eliminate material anisotropy compared to unidirectional rotation (Comparative Example 3), reducing the longitudinal and transverse strength ratio from 1.6 to approximately 1.0, significantly improving the overall mechanical properties. In summary, the present invention, through dynamic rotation of an axisymmetric porous growth substrate and periodic reversal, significantly improves product uniformity, mechanical strength, and contamination resistance while ensuring a shorter culture cycle.

[0060] The above embodiments and comparative examples demonstrate that the automated production method and system for horizontally rotating mycelial composite materials provided by this invention can effectively improve the mycelial growth rate and product quality. The cultivated mycelial materials possess excellent mechanical properties, uniformity, and biodegradability. Through integration with automated storage and retrieval systems, it achieves an industrial leap from "workshop-style" to "factory-style" production of mycelial materials, and can be widely applied in fields such as environmentally friendly leather, packaging materials, building insulation materials, functional foods, and pharmaceuticals, showing promising prospects for industrial application.

[0061] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not by the foregoing description, and thus all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0062] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for producing a mycelial composite material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S100. Wrap the recycled bio-based fabric around the growth substrate; S200: The growth substrate is impregnated with a liquid containing mycelial bacteria. S300: Control the growth substrate to rotate around the central axis to carry out cultivation; S400, hot air drying and inactivation treatment, harvest mycelial composite material; The growth substrate is an axisymmetric structure formed by wrapping a porous material around it.

2. The method for producing mycelial composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, Specifically, S300 includes: S310. Control the growth substrate to rotate around the central axis, and switch the rotation direction at the target time to carry out cultivation; S320. Replenish with water or nutrient solution to maintain the humidity of the growth substrate.

3. The method for producing mycelial composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that, In S310, the target time is 6h-12h; In S310, the culture temperature is 22℃-30℃; In S310, the relative humidity for cultivation is 75%-90%; In S310, the oxygen concentration for cultivation is >15%.

4. The method for producing mycelial composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that, In S320, the nutrient solution contains 2%-5% carbon source, 0.3%-1% nitrogen source, and 0.1%-0.3% inorganic salts, with the pH adjusted to 5.5-6.5; In S320, the humidity of the growth substrate is maintained at 60%-75%.

5. The method for producing mycelial composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mycelial strain is selected from Basidiomycetes fungi, including at least one of Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinus edodes, and Cordyceps sinensis.

6. The method for producing mycelial composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that, When using oyster mushrooms, the cultivation temperature should be 22℃-28℃, the rotation speed 1rpm-2rpm, and the cultivation time 7-14 days; when using Ganoderma lucidum, the cultivation temperature should be 24℃-30℃, the rotation speed 2rpm-3rpm, and the cultivation time 12-18 days; when using shiitake mushrooms, the cultivation temperature should be 22℃-26℃, the rotation speed 0.8rpm-1.5rpm, and the cultivation time 8-12 days; when using cordyceps, the cultivation temperature should be 22℃-25℃, the rotation speed 1rpm-1.8rpm, and the cultivation time 10-14 days.

7. The method for producing mycelial composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S400, the temperature of the hot air is 60℃-80℃; In S400, the moisture content of the mycelial composite material is 8%-12%.

8. The method for producing mycelial composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The growth substrate has a mesh structure; The porosity of the growth substrate is 40%-70%; The mesh size of the growth substrate is 1mm-5mm; The diameter of the mesh wires in the growth substrate is 0.5mm-1.5mm.

9. The method for producing mycelial composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The recycled bio-based fabric includes at least one of cotton, linen, jute, bamboo fiber, and tubular fabrics woven from their blends. The weight of the recycled bio-based fabric is 150g / m²-400g / m².

10. A production system for mycelial composite materials, which can be used in the production method of mycelial composite materials according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: A growth substrate having a receiving space; A support structure for supporting the growth substrate; A driving device is used to drive the growth substrate to rotate around its central axis; A spray nutrient supply system, the spray nutrient supply system including a spray pipe located in the containment space.

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