Aluminum alloy wire, method of manufacturing the same, device for manufacturing the same, and product

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy material processing, and relates to an aluminum alloy wire, a preparation method and device thereof and a product. The raw material composition of the aluminum alloy wire, with the total mass percentage being 100wt%, comprises: Mg 0.5-1.1wt%, Si 0.4-0.9wt%, Fe≤0.15wt%, Er 0.08-0.22wt%, Zr 0.1-0.15wt%, B 0.01-0.1wt%, Cr+Mn+V+Ti≤0.05wt%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities. The aluminum alloy wire provided by the application can realize high strength and high conductivity in the premise of maintaining excellent toughness, and overcomes the technical bottleneck that the strength and conductivity of the existing Al-Mg-Si series aluminum alloy wire are difficult to be considered and the high strength and high toughness are difficult to be coordinated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of aluminum alloy material processing technology, and relates to an aluminum alloy wire and its preparation method, preparation device and product. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum alloy wire, with its advantages of low density, high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, abundant resources, and low cost, has been increasingly widely used in overhead power transmission lines, rail transit power transmission, and new energy equipment. With the rapid development of ultra-high voltage, long-distance, and large-capacity power transmission projects and the grid connection of clean energy, higher requirements are being placed on overhead conductors. Overhead conductors must possess high conductivity to reduce line losses and improve transmission efficiency, high strength to withstand mechanical loads such as wind and ice loads, and good toughness and damage resistance to ensure long-term reliability and safety.

[0003] However, a significant "inverse relationship" has long existed as a bottleneck between the strength and conductivity of aluminum alloys. While improving alloy strength through solid solution strengthening, precipitation strengthening, and deformation strengthening, these methods all introduce defects such as lattice distortion, precipitation interfaces, and dislocations to varying degrees. These defects scatter conduction electrons, leading to a decrease in conductivity. Conversely, pursuing high conductivity requires maintaining high purity and low defect density in the matrix, thus limiting the effectiveness of strengthening. Furthermore, high strength and high ductility are often difficult to achieve simultaneously. Although existing Al-Mg-Si high-strength aluminum alloy wires have achieved high strength levels, their elongation is generally low and their toughness is insufficient, making them prone to brittle fracture during service, especially under complex conditions such as wind vibration and icing, which makes it difficult to guarantee their safety and reliability.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an aluminum alloy wire fabrication technology that can simultaneously achieve high strength and high conductivity while maintaining excellent toughness, in order to meet the growing demand of modern power transmission systems for high-performance conductor materials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this application is to provide an aluminum alloy wire and its preparation method, preparation device and product, which overcomes the technical bottleneck of the existing Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy wire, which is difficult to balance strength and conductivity, and difficult to coordinate high strength and high toughness.

[0006] To achieve the purpose of this application, the following technical solution is adopted: In a first aspect, this application provides an aluminum alloy wire, the raw material composition of which, based on a total mass percentage of 100wt%, includes: Mg 0.5-1.1wt%, Si 0.4-0.9wt%, Fe≤0.15wt%, Er 0.08-0.22wt%, Zr 0.1-0.15wt%, B 0.01-0.1wt%, Cr+Mn+V+Ti≤0.05wt%, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.

[0007] The aluminum alloy wire provided in this application increases the amount of precipitated phases in the aluminum alloy wire by increasing the content of Mg and Si in the raw material composition. Combined with the selection of specific proportions of other components, the strength of the aluminum alloy wire is effectively improved.

[0008] The mass percentage of Mg in the raw material composition of the aluminum alloy wire is 0.5-1.1 wt%, for example, it can be 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.8 wt%, 1 wt% or 1.1 wt%, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0009] The mass percentage of Si in the raw material composition of the aluminum alloy wire is 0.4-0.9 wt%, for example, it can be 0.4 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.6 wt%, 0.8 wt% or 0.9 wt%, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0010] The raw material composition of the aluminum alloy wire has a Fe mass percentage of ≤0.15wt%, for example, it can be 0.15wt%, 0.12wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.08wt% or 0.05wt%, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0011] The mass percentage of Er in the raw material composition of the aluminum alloy wire is 0.08-0.22wt%, for example, it can be 0.08wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.15wt%, 0.2wt% or 0.22wt%, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0012] The Zr content in the raw material composition of the aluminum alloy wire is 0.1-0.15 wt%, for example, it can be 0.1 wt%, 0.12 wt%, 0.13 wt%, 0.14 wt% or 0.15 wt%, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0013] The mass percentage of B in the raw material composition of the aluminum alloy wire is 0.01-0.1wt%, for example, it can be 0.01wt%, 0.03wt%, 0.04wt%, 0.08wt% or 0.1wt%, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0014] The raw material composition of the aluminum alloy wire has Cr+Mn+V+Ti≤0.05wt%, for example, it can be 0.05wt%, 0.04wt%, 0.03wt%, 0.02wt% or 0.01wt%, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0015] In some embodiments, the individual content of the unavoidable impurities is ≤0.03wt%, and the total amount is ≤0.15wt%.

[0016] The individual content of the unavoidable impurities is ≤0.03wt%, for example, it can be 0.03wt%, 0.025wt%, 0.02wt%, 0.015wt% or 0.01wt%, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range also apply.

[0017] The total amount of unavoidable impurities is ≤0.15wt%, for example, it can be 0.15wt%, 0.12wt%, 0.1wt%, 0.05wt% or 0.02wt%, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0018] The unavoidable impurities mentioned in this application include Na, Ca, Pb, Sn, etc., which are unavoidable impurities introduced during the preparation of aluminum alloy wire.

[0019] Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing aluminum alloy wire as described in the first aspect, the method comprising the following steps: (1) Melt aluminum source, silicon source, erbium source, zirconium source and magnesium source according to the formula, and then refine and continuously cast and roll to obtain aluminum alloy rods; (2) The aluminum alloy rod obtained in step (1) is subjected to solution treatment, drawing, variable amplitude cyclic torsion loading and aging treatment in sequence to obtain the aluminum alloy wire.

[0020] The method for preparing aluminum alloy wire provided in this application, through solution treatment and variable amplitude cyclic torsion loading and aging treatment after drawing, can promote the full precipitation of solid solution atoms in the alloy and form dislocations and precipitates with a gradient distribution from the surface to the interior. This reduces the lattice distortion caused by solid solution atoms and reduces their scattering effect on electrons, thereby achieving synergistic optimization of strength, plasticity and conductivity of high alloy aluminum alloy wire. This breaks the traditional inverse relationship between strength and conductivity and the inverse relationship between strength and plasticity.

[0021] It should be noted that this application does not specifically limit the purity of the aluminum source, silicon source, erbium source, zirconium source and magnesium source mentioned in step (1), but only to meet the requirements of the individual content and total amount of unavoidable impurities in aluminum alloy wire. Those skilled in the art can select raw materials with appropriate purity according to the impurity content requirements of aluminum alloy wire.

[0022] It should be noted that this application does not specifically limit the form of the aluminum source, silicon source, erbium source, zirconium source and magnesium source mentioned in step (1). For example, the aluminum source can be aluminum ingot or aluminum powder, the silicon source can be aluminum-silicon alloy or silicon powder, the erbium source can be aluminum-erbium alloy or erbium ingot, the zirconium source can be aluminum-zirconium alloy or zirconium ingot, and the magnesium source can be magnesium ingot or magnesium powder, but is not limited to the types listed above.

[0023] In some embodiments, the melting step (1) specifically includes: first heating and melting the aluminum source, silicon source, erbium source and zirconium source, and then adding the magnesium source to continue heating and melting; controlling the temperature of the melt to be 695-715℃.

[0024] The batch addition and sequential melting operation in the smelting process is intended to minimize the loss of Mg elements during aluminum alloy smelting and to optimize the melting and composition control of alloying elements.

[0025] The temperature of the melt being heated and molten is controlled to be 695-715℃, for example, it can be 695℃, 700℃, 705℃, 710℃ or 715℃, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0026] In some embodiments, step (1) after smelting and before refining includes a step of adding a boron source for boration treatment.

[0027] The boronizing process can reduce the content of impurity elements in the alloy melt, thereby minimizing their impact on the alloy's mechanical and electrical properties. The boron source can be an aluminum-boron alloy, but is not limited to this; those skilled in the art can select a suitable boron source based on the specific application scenario.

[0028] In some embodiments, the refining step (1) specifically includes: heating to 725-745°C, introducing argon gas into the melt obtained by melting for 10-15 minutes, then adjusting the temperature to 705-715°C, letting it stand for 25-35 minutes, and then cleaning the surface scum.

[0029] The refining temperature rise endpoint is 725-745℃, for example, it can be 725℃, 730℃, 735℃, 740℃ or 745℃, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0030] The argon gas is introduced for 10-15 minutes, for example, 10 minutes, 12 minutes, 13 minutes, 14 minutes or 15 minutes, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0031] The argon gas is argon gas with a purity of 99.999%.

[0032] The adjusted temperature is 705-715℃, for example, it can be 705℃, 708℃, 710℃, 712℃ or 715℃, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0033] The settling time is 25-35 minutes, for example, it can be 25 minutes, 28 minutes, 30 minutes, 32 minutes or 35 minutes, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0034] In some implementations, step (1) after refining and before continuous casting and rolling includes an ultrasonic treatment step.

[0035] In some embodiments, the ultrasonic treatment is performed at a frequency of 20 kHz, a power of 2-4 kW, and a duration of 8-12 min.

[0036] The power of the ultrasonic treatment is 2-4kW, for example, it can be 2kW, 2.5kW, 3kW, 3.5kW or 4kW, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0037] The duration of the ultrasonic treatment is 8-12 minutes, for example, it can be 8 minutes, 9 minutes, 10 minutes, 11 minutes or 12 minutes, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0038] In some implementations, the continuous casting in step (1) is carried out using a wheel crystallizer.

[0039] In some implementations, the continuously cast billet obtained from the continuous casting and rolling process in step (1) is milled online and then continuously rolled.

[0040] The online milling step can remove the oxide scale from the surface of the continuously cast billet.

[0041] In some embodiments, the rolling temperature in the continuous casting and rolling process in step (1) is 480-520°C, for example, it can be 480°C, 490°C, 500°C, 510°C or 520°C, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0042] In some embodiments, the diameter of the aluminum alloy rod in step (1) is 9-10 mm, for example, it can be 9 mm, 9.2 mm, 9.5 mm, 9.8 mm or 10 mm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0043] In some embodiments, step (1) after continuous casting and rolling further includes steps of cooling to room temperature and coiling.

[0044] The room temperature mentioned in this application refers to a temperature of 15-30℃.

[0045] In some embodiments, the solution treatment in step (2) is performed at a temperature of 540-560°C for 1-3 hours, followed by quenching and cooling to room temperature.

[0046] The solution treatment temperature is 540-560℃, for example, it can be 540℃, 545℃, 550℃, 555℃ or 560℃, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0047] The solution treatment time is 1-3 hours, for example, it can be 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours or 3 hours, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0048] In some implementations, the pulling rate in step (2) is 8-12 m / min, for example, it can be 8 m / min, 9 m / min, 10 m / min, 11 m / min or 12 m / min, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0049] In some embodiments, the deformation amount of the drawing pass in step (2) is 10-15%, and an aluminum alloy wire with a diameter of 3-5 mm is obtained after drawing.

[0050] The deformation amount of the drawing pass is 10-15%, for example, it can be 10%, 12%, 13%, 14% or 15%, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0051] The resulting aluminum alloy wire has a diameter of 3-5mm after drawing. For example, it can be 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm or 5mm, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0052] In some implementations, the torque amplitude of the variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading in step (2) is... With each loading week The expressions for the changes are shown in equations (a) and (b): (a) (b) in: This represents the torque amplitude, expressed in N·m. To load the week number; This represents the upper limit of the torque amplitude, in N·m. To load the total number of weeks.

[0053] This application promotes the full precipitation of solid solution elements in aluminum alloy wires by subjecting them to cyclic torsional loading with increasing torque amplitude, and forms dislocations and precipitates with a gradient distribution from the surface to the interior, thereby systematically improving the strength, plasticity and conductivity of aluminum alloy wires.

[0054] In some implementations, the upper limit of the torque amplitude of the variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading in step (2) is... The value is 2.7-3 N·m, for example, it can be 2.7 N·m, 2.8 N·m, 2.85 N·m, 2.9 N·m, 2.95 N·m or 3 N·m, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0055] In some implementations, the variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading in step (2) is performed using a sine wave with a loading frequency of 0.2-2 Hz and a stress ratio of -1.

[0056] The loading frequency of the variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading is 0.2-2Hz, for example, it can be 0.2Hz, 0.5Hz, 1Hz, 1.5Hz or 2Hz, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0057] In some implementations, the total number of loading cycles in step (2) of the variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading is... The range is 500-1000 times, for example, it can be 500 times, 600 times, 800 times, 900 times or 1000 times, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0058] In some implementations, the aging treatment in step (2) is carried out at a temperature of 120-160°C for 4-12 hours, followed by air cooling to room temperature.

[0059] Aluminum alloy wires subjected to variable amplitude cyclic torsion loading contain a large number of vacancies. Aging treatment can further promote the precipitation of solid solution atoms and the annihilation of vacancies, thereby improving the conductivity of aluminum alloy wires.

[0060] The aging treatment temperature is 120-160℃, for example, it can be 120℃, 130℃, 140℃, 150℃ or 160℃, but is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0061] The time for the time-dependent processing is 4-12 hours, for example, it can be 4 hours, 6 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours or 12 hours, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the range are also applicable.

[0062] Thirdly, this application provides an apparatus for preparing aluminum alloy wire, the apparatus being used to prepare the aluminum alloy wire described in the first aspect, or to prepare aluminum alloy wire prepared by the method described in the second aspect, the apparatus comprising: The system comprises the following modules: a smelting module for smelting raw materials for aluminum alloy wire; a refining module, whose feed end is connected to the discharge end of the smelting module, for refining; a continuous casting and rolling module, whose feed end is connected to the discharge end of the refining module, for continuous casting and rolling to obtain aluminum alloy rods; a solution treatment module, whose feed end is connected to the discharge end of the continuous casting and rolling module, for solution treatment of the aluminum alloy rods; a drawing module, whose feed end is connected to the discharge end of the solution treatment module, for continuous drawing of the solution-treated aluminum alloy rods; a variable amplitude cyclic torsion loading module, whose feed end is connected to the discharge end of the drawing module, for applying variable amplitude cyclic torsion loading; and an aging treatment module, whose feed end is connected to the discharge end of the variable amplitude cyclic torsion loading module, for aging treatment to obtain aluminum alloy wires.

[0063] The aluminum alloy wire preparation apparatus provided in this application realizes continuous production of aluminum alloy wire throughout the entire process, eliminating intermediate transfer and secondary heating links between processes, significantly shortening the production cycle, and reducing energy consumption and costs. Through coordinated control of the various modules, this application ensures optimal matching of parameters for each process, improving product performance consistency and yield, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.

[0064] Fourthly, this application provides an aluminum alloy component comprising the aluminum alloy wire described in the first aspect, or aluminum alloy wire prepared by the method described in the second aspect.

[0065] The aluminum alloy components can be overhead conductors, ultra-high voltage power transmission engineering conductors, special conductors, etc. in the field of power transmission; they can be high voltage connection harnesses, battery motor windings, chassis and body structural components, etc. in the field of transportation; they can also be fasteners, aircraft structural components, aviation wires, etc. in the field of aerospace, but are not limited to the types listed above.

[0066] Fifthly, this application provides a terminal product comprising the aluminum alloy component described in the fourth aspect.

[0067] In some embodiments, the end product includes at least one of a power transmission device, a transportation vehicle, or an aerospace vehicle.

[0068] The power transmission device may be an overhead conductor, busbar trunking, or transformer conductor, but is not limited to the types listed above.

[0069] The means of transportation may be new energy vehicles, traditional fuel vehicles, high-speed rail, subway, etc., but are not limited to the types listed above.

[0070] The aerospace vehicles mentioned can be helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, spacecraft, low-altitude aircraft, etc. Among them, fixed-wing aircraft can be civil airliners or military aircraft; spacecraft can be satellites, rockets, missiles, etc.; low-altitude aircraft can be drones, but are not limited to the types listed above.

[0071] The numerical range described in this application includes not only the point values ​​listed above, but also any point values ​​between the above numerical ranges that are not listed. Due to space limitations and for the sake of brevity, this application will not exhaustively list the specific point values ​​included in the range.

[0072] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages: The aluminum alloy wire and its preparation method provided in this application effectively promote the formation and gradient distribution of precipitates in the alloy by increasing the content of Mg and Si in the alloy raw materials and subjecting them to variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading. This results in the formation of a gradient dislocation structure from the surface to the interior. Combined with the aging treatment after variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading, the precipitation of solid solution atoms and the annihilation of vacancies are further promoted. The full precipitation of solid solution atoms can effectively improve the conductivity of the alloy wire. The increase in Mg and Si content increases the number of precipitates in the alloy, effectively improving the strength of the aluminum alloy wire. The gradient distribution of precipitates and dislocation structures caused by variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading can synergistically improve the strength and plasticity of the aluminum alloy wire, thereby producing a high-strength, high-toughness, and high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire with a tensile strength of up to 451 MPa, a yield strength of up to 422 MPa, an elongation of 8.1%, and a conductivity of up to 54.5% IACS. This breaks the traditional inverse relationship between strength and conductivity, as well as the inverse relationship between strength and plasticity. Detailed Implementation

[0073] The technical solution of this application will be further described below through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described are merely to help understand this application and should not be regarded as specific limitations on this application.

[0074] Example 1 This embodiment provides an aluminum alloy wire. Based on a total mass percentage of 100 wt%, the raw material composition of the aluminum alloy wire includes: Mg 1.1 wt%, Si 0.9 wt%, Fe 0.09 wt%, Er 0.15 wt%, Zr 0.12 wt%, B 0.04 wt%, Cr+Mn+V+Ti 0.05 wt%, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities; the individual content of the unavoidable impurities is ≤0.03 wt%, and the total amount is ≤0.15 wt%.

[0075] The method for preparing the aluminum alloy wire includes the following steps: (1) According to the formula, aluminum ingots, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-erbium alloy and aluminum-zirconium alloy are heated and melted first, then magnesium ingots are added and heated and melted, and the temperature of the melt is controlled at 705℃; aluminum-boron alloy is added for boronizing treatment; then the temperature is raised to 735℃, and argon gas with a purity of 99.999% is introduced into the melt obtained by melting for 12 minutes, then the temperature is adjusted to 710℃, and after standing for 30 minutes, the surface slag is cleaned; then ultrasonic treatment is performed at a frequency of 20kHz, a power of 3kW and a time of 10 minutes; then continuous casting is carried out using a wheel crystallizer, wherein the continuous casting billet obtained by continuous casting is milled online, and then continuously rolled, with an entry temperature of 500℃, cooled to 15℃, and coiled to obtain an aluminum alloy rod with a diameter of 9.5mm.

[0076] (2) The aluminum alloy rod obtained in step (1) was solution treated at 550℃ for 2 hours and then quenched and cooled to 15℃. Then it was drawn at a rate of 10m / min and a deformation per pass of 12%. After drawing, an aluminum alloy wire with a diameter of 4mm was obtained. Then the aluminum alloy wire was subjected to variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading, using a sine wave for loading, with a loading frequency of 0.5Hz, a stress ratio of -1, and a torque amplitude of according to Increase to 3 N·m, total loading cycles The process involves 800 cycles; then, an aging treatment is performed at 140°C for 6 hours, followed by air cooling to 15°C to obtain the aluminum alloy wire.

[0077] The apparatus for preparing the aluminum alloy wire includes: The system comprises the following modules: a smelting module for smelting raw materials for aluminum alloy wire; a refining module, whose feed end is connected to the discharge end of the smelting module, for refining; a continuous casting and rolling module, whose feed end is connected to the discharge end of the refining module, for continuous casting and rolling to obtain aluminum alloy rods; a solution treatment module, whose feed end is connected to the discharge end of the continuous casting and rolling module, for solution treatment of the aluminum alloy rods; a drawing module, whose feed end is connected to the discharge end of the solution treatment module, for continuous drawing of the solution-treated aluminum alloy rods; a variable amplitude cyclic torsion loading module, whose feed end is connected to the discharge end of the drawing module, for applying variable amplitude cyclic torsion loading; and an aging treatment module, whose feed end is connected to the discharge end of the variable amplitude cyclic torsion loading module, for aging treatment to obtain aluminum alloy wires.

[0078] Example 2 This embodiment provides an aluminum alloy wire. Based on a total mass percentage of 100 wt%, the raw material composition of the aluminum alloy wire includes: Mg 0.8 wt%, Si 0.6 wt%, Fe 0.1 wt%, Er 0.08 wt%, Zr 0.1 wt%, B 0.01 wt%, Cr+Mn+V+Ti 0.03 wt%, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities; the individual content of the unavoidable impurities is ≤0.03 wt%, and the total amount is ≤0.15 wt%.

[0079] The method for preparing the aluminum alloy wire includes the following steps: (1) According to the formula, aluminum ingots, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-erbium alloy and aluminum-zirconium alloy are heated and melted first, then magnesium ingots are added and heated and melted, and the temperature of the melt is controlled at 715℃; aluminum-boron alloy is added for boronizing treatment; then the temperature is raised to 745℃, and 99.999% pure argon gas is introduced into the melt obtained by melting for 10 minutes, then the temperature is adjusted to 715℃, and after standing for 25 minutes, the surface slag is cleaned; then ultrasonic treatment is performed at a frequency of 20kHz, a power of 4kW and a time of 8 minutes; then continuous casting is carried out using a wheel crystallizer, wherein the continuous casting billet obtained by continuous casting is milled online, and then continuously rolled, with an entry temperature of 520℃, cooled to 15℃, and coiled to obtain an aluminum alloy rod with a diameter of 10mm.

[0080] (2) The aluminum alloy rod obtained in step (1) was solution treated at 560℃ for 1 hour and then quenched and cooled to 15℃. Then it was drawn at a rate of 12m / min and a deformation per pass of 15%. After drawing, an aluminum alloy wire with a diameter of 3mm was obtained. Then the aluminum alloy wire was subjected to variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading, using a sine wave for loading, with a loading frequency of 0.2Hz, a stress ratio of -1, and a torque amplitude of according to Increased to 2.9 N·m, total loading cycles The process involves 1000 cycles; then, an aging treatment is performed at 160°C for 4 hours, followed by air cooling to 15°C to obtain the aluminum alloy wire.

[0081] The apparatus for preparing the aluminum alloy wire is the same as that in Example 1.

[0082] Example 3 This embodiment provides an aluminum alloy wire. Based on a total mass percentage of 100 wt%, the raw material composition of the aluminum alloy wire includes: Mg 0.5 wt%, Si 0.4 wt%, Fe 0.15 wt%, Er 0.22 wt%, Zr 0.15 wt%, B 0.1 wt%, Cr+Mn+V+Ti 0.02 wt%, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities; the individual content of the unavoidable impurities is ≤0.03 wt%, and the total amount is ≤0.15 wt%.

[0083] The method for preparing the aluminum alloy wire includes the following steps: (1) According to the formula, aluminum ingots, aluminum-silicon alloy, aluminum-erbium alloy and aluminum-zirconium alloy are heated and melted first, then magnesium ingots are added and heated and melted again, and the temperature of the melt is controlled at 695℃; aluminum-boron alloy is added for boronizing treatment; then the temperature is raised to 725℃, and 99.999% pure argon gas is introduced into the melt obtained by melting for 15 minutes, then the temperature is adjusted to 705℃, and after standing for 35 minutes, the surface slag is cleaned; then ultrasonic treatment is performed at a frequency of 20kHz, a power of 2kW and a time of 12 minutes; then continuous casting is carried out using a wheel crystallizer, wherein the continuous casting billet obtained by continuous casting is milled online, and then continuously rolled, with an entry temperature of 480℃, cooled to 15℃, and coiled to obtain an aluminum alloy rod with a diameter of 9mm.

[0084] (2) The aluminum alloy rod obtained in step (1) was solution treated at 540℃ for 3 hours and then quenched and cooled to 15℃. Then it was drawn at a rate of 8m / min and a deformation per pass of 10%. After drawing, an aluminum alloy wire with a diameter of 5mm was obtained. Then the aluminum alloy wire was subjected to variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading, using a sine wave for loading, with a loading frequency of 2Hz, a stress ratio of -1, and a torque amplitude of 1. according to Increased to 2.7 N·m, total loading cycles The process involves 500 cycles; then, an aging treatment is performed at 120°C for 12 hours, followed by air cooling to 15°C to obtain the aluminum alloy wire.

[0085] The apparatus for preparing the aluminum alloy wire is the same as that in Example 1.

[0086] Example 4 This embodiment provides an aluminum alloy wire. The difference between the preparation method of the aluminum alloy wire and that of Embodiment 1 is that the aging treatment temperature in step (2) is adjusted to 110°C, while the rest is the same as that of Embodiment 1.

[0087] Example 5 This embodiment provides an aluminum alloy wire. The difference between the preparation method of the aluminum alloy wire and that of Embodiment 1 is that the aging treatment temperature in step (2) is adjusted to 170°C, while the rest is the same as that of Embodiment 1.

[0088] Example 6 This embodiment provides an aluminum alloy wire. The difference between the preparation method of the aluminum alloy wire and that of Embodiment 1 is that the torque amplitude mentioned in step (2) is... according to The value was adjusted to increase to 2.5 N·m, and the rest were the same as in Example 1.

[0089] Example 7 This embodiment provides an aluminum alloy wire. The difference between the preparation method of the aluminum alloy wire and that of Embodiment 1 is that the torque amplitude mentioned in step (2) is... according to The value was adjusted to increase to 3.5 N·m, and the rest were the same as in Example 1.

[0090] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides an aluminum alloy wire, which differs from Example 1 in that the raw materials of the aluminum alloy wire include: 0.65wt% Mg, 0.55wt% Si, 0.12wt% Fe, 0.02wt% B, 0.02wt% Cr+Mn+V+Ti, and the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities. All other components are the same as in Example 1.

[0091] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides an aluminum alloy wire. The difference between the preparation method of the aluminum alloy wire and that of Example 1 is that the variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading step (2) is omitted, while the rest are the same as in Example 1.

[0092] The aluminum alloy wires provided in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were tested for tensile strength, yield strength and elongation using the national standard GB / T 228.1-2021 for tensile testing of metallic materials. The results are shown in Table 1. The conductivity was tested using the four-wire method (Kelvin bridge). The results are also shown in Table 1.

[0093] Table 1 As can be seen from Table 1, the aluminum alloy wire provided in this application has the characteristics of high strength, high toughness and high conductivity, and can be used in fields such as ultra-high voltage, large-capacity power transmission or new energy grid connection.

[0094] A comparison of Examples 1, 4, and 5 shows that if the aging treatment temperature is too low, the solid solution atoms will not precipitate sufficiently, resulting in a decrease in the number of precipitated phases and thus a decrease in strength and conductivity. If the temperature is too high, the dislocation density will decrease, the precipitated phases will become coarse, and the plastic gradient will decrease, resulting in a decrease in strength and plasticity. A comparison of Examples 1, 6, and 7 shows that if the torque amplitude of the variable amplitude cyclic torsion loading increases to a value that is too low, the solid solution atoms will not precipitate sufficiently, resulting in a decrease in the number of precipitated phases and a low dislocation density, resulting in a decrease in strength and conductivity. If the torque amplitude increases to a value that is too high, the dislocation density will be too high, resulting in an increase in strength but a significant decrease in plasticity.

[0095] As can be seen from the comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the absence of Er and Zr in the aluminum alloy raw materials, and the fact that the Mg and Si contents are within the conventional range, will lead to a decrease in strength, plasticity and conductivity, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-strength power transmission conductors. As can be seen from the comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, the lack of the variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading step will lead to a comprehensive decrease in strength, plasticity and conductivity, and a significant deficiency in toughness and conductivity.

[0096] In summary, the aluminum alloy wire and its preparation method provided in this application effectively promote the formation and gradient distribution of precipitates in the alloy by increasing the content of Mg and Si in the alloy raw materials and subjecting them to variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading. This results in the formation of a gradient dislocation structure from the surface inward. Combined with the aging treatment after variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading, the precipitation of solid solution atoms and the annihilation of vacancies are further promoted. The full precipitation of solid solution atoms can effectively improve the conductivity of the alloy wire. The increase in Mg and Si content increases the number of precipitates in the alloy, effectively improving the strength of the aluminum alloy wire. The gradient distribution of precipitates and dislocation structures caused by variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading can synergistically improve the precipitates in the aluminum alloy wire, thereby producing a high-strength, high-toughness, and high-conductivity aluminum alloy wire with a tensile strength of up to 451 MPa, a yield strength of up to 422 MPa, an elongation of 8.1%, and a conductivity of up to 54.5% IACS. This breaks the traditional inverse relationship between strength and conductivity, as well as the inverse relationship between strength and plasticity.

[0097] The above description is only a specific embodiment of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application fall within the protection and disclosure scope of this application.

Claims

1. An aluminum alloy wire, characterized in that, Based on a total mass percentage of 100wt%, the raw material composition of the aluminum alloy wire includes: Mg 0.5-1.1wt%, Si 0.4-0.9wt%, Fe≤0.15wt%, Er 0.08-0.22wt%, Zr 0.1-0.15wt%, B 0.01-0.1wt%, Cr+Mn+V+Ti≤0.05wt%, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.

2. The aluminum alloy wire according to claim 1, characterized in that, The individual content of the unavoidable impurities is ≤0.03wt%, and the total amount is ≤0.15wt%.

3. A method for preparing aluminum alloy wire as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) Melt aluminum source, silicon source, erbium source, zirconium source and magnesium source according to the formula, and then refine and continuously cast and roll to obtain aluminum alloy rods; (2) The aluminum alloy rod obtained in step (1) is subjected to solution treatment, drawing, variable amplitude cyclic torsion loading and aging treatment in sequence to obtain the aluminum alloy wire.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The smelting steps in step (1) specifically include: first heating and melting the aluminum source, silicon source, erbium source and zirconium source, then adding the magnesium source and continuing to heat and melt; controlling the temperature of the melt to be 695-715℃; And / or, step (1) after smelting and before refining includes a step of adding a boron source for boration treatment.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The refining steps in step (1) specifically include: heating to 725-745℃, introducing argon gas into the melt obtained by melting for 10-15 minutes, then adjusting the temperature to 705-715℃, letting it stand for 25-35 minutes, and then cleaning the surface scum. And / or, the rolling temperature in the continuous casting and rolling process described in step (1) is 480-520℃; And / or, the diameter of the aluminum alloy rod in step (1) is 9-10 mm.

6. The preparation method according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that, The solution treatment in step (2) is performed at a temperature of 540-560℃ for 1-3 hours, followed by quenching and cooling to room temperature. And / or, the pulling rate in step (2) is 8-12 m / min; And / or, the deformation amount of the drawing pass in step (2) is 10-15%, and an aluminum alloy wire with a diameter of 3-5mm is obtained after drawing.

7. The preparation method according to any one of claims 3-6, characterized in that, The torque amplitude of the variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading in step (2) With each loading week The expressions for the changes are shown in equations (a) and (b): ；(a) ；(b) in: This represents the torque amplitude, expressed in N·m. To load the week; This represents the upper limit of the torque amplitude, in N·m. To load the total number of weeks; And / or, the upper limit of the torque amplitude of the variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading in step (2). It is 2.7-3 N·m; And / or, the variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading in step (2) is performed using a sine wave with a loading frequency of 0.2-2Hz and a stress ratio of -1; And / or, the total number of loading cycles of the variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading described in step (2). For 500-1000 times; And / or, the aging treatment in step (2) is carried out at a temperature of 120-160°C for 4-12 hours, and then air-cooled to room temperature.

8. An apparatus for preparing aluminum alloy wire, characterized in that, The apparatus for preparing aluminum alloy wire is used to prepare the aluminum alloy wire according to claim 1 or 2, or to prepare the aluminum alloy wire prepared by the method for preparing aluminum alloy wire according to any one of claims 3-7, wherein the apparatus for preparing aluminum alloy wire comprises: The melting module is used to melt the raw materials of aluminum alloy wire. A refining module, whose feed end is connected to the discharge end of the smelting module, is used for refining; The continuous casting and rolling module has its feed end connected to the discharge end of the refining module, and is used for continuous casting and continuous rolling to obtain aluminum alloy rods. The solution treatment module, whose feed end is connected to the discharge end of the continuous casting and rolling module, is used to perform solution treatment on aluminum alloy rods. A drawing module, whose feed end is connected to the discharge end of the solution treatment module, is used to continuously draw aluminum alloy rods after solution treatment. A variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading module, the feed end of which is connected to the discharge end of the drawing module, is used to apply variable amplitude cyclic torsional loading; An aging treatment module, whose feed end is connected to the discharge end of the variable amplitude cyclic torsion loading module, is used to perform aging treatment to obtain aluminum alloy wire.

9. An aluminum alloy component, characterized in that, The aluminum alloy component comprises the aluminum alloy wire as described in claim 1 or 2, or the aluminum alloy wire prepared by the method described in any one of claims 3-7.

10. A terminal product, characterized in that, The end product includes the aluminum alloy component as described in claim 9.

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