A pre-assembled vibration reduction fastener with a rear stop shoulder

Abstract

The application discloses a rear stop shoulder structure pre-assembled damping fastener and relates to the technical field of rail fasteners.The rear stop shoulder structure pre-assembled damping fastener comprises a track under pad, an insulating buffer pad and an anchoring bolt, and further comprises a damping pad assembly and an elastic cover plate assembly used for buckling the damping pad assembly; the damping pad assembly comprises an upper iron pad, a lower iron pad, an elastic pad and a connecting assembly; the lower iron pad is in a frame structure, the upper iron pad and the elastic pad are wrapped inside the lower iron pad, and the upper iron pad is located on the elastic pad; the elastic cover plate assembly is fastened through the anchoring bolt; the elastic cover plate assembly comprises a cover plate and an elastic unit located at the bottom of the cover plate; the bottom of the elastic unit is in contact with the upper iron pad. The application is used to solve the problems that the existing medium damping fastener has insufficient lateral stability, the high damping fastener has a complicated structure and the parts of the two fasteners are difficult to interchange, and the problems are solved by constructing a unified medium and high damping fastener structure system, so that the damping levels can be quickly interchanged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of track fastener technology, specifically to a pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure. Background Technology

[0002] In the vibration reduction and noise reduction design of rail transit, fastening systems can be divided into medium-level vibration reduction fasteners and high-level vibration reduction fasteners.

[0003] As urban rail and suburban railway networks continue to extend into densely populated areas, medium-strength vibration-damping fasteners are widely used in residential and commercial areas where vibration and noise control is required. However, existing medium-strength vibration-damping fasteners have gradually revealed prominent problems during long-term operation, such as insufficient lateral stability, susceptibility to detachment of the iron pads, and dynamic gauge widening. Specifically, under the repeated coupling of lateral and vertical loads on the train, the upper and lower iron pads are prone to detachment, leading to a loose connection and causing the dynamic gauge widening to exceed the maintenance tolerance standard. This induces significant train swaying, seriously threatening train safety and passenger comfort, and has become a persistent problem that urgently needs to be solved in track maintenance.

[0004] In areas with more stringent vibration reduction requirements, advanced vibration damping fasteners typically employ complex structures, leading to a significant increase in the number of components, more complex designs, and a substantial rise in manufacturing and installation costs. On-site assembly is cumbersome, installation accuracy is difficult to control, and subsequent maintenance and repair are also more challenging.

[0005] A more prominent problem is that existing high-grade and medium-grade vibration damping fasteners are mostly developed based on different design concepts, with inconsistent structural systems and difficult interchangeability of parts. This not only leads to complex spare parts management and low maintenance efficiency, but also makes it difficult to achieve standardization and serialization of the entire fastener system.

[0006] In summary, the existing medium-level vibration damping fasteners lack lateral stability, while the high-level vibration damping fasteners have complex structures and their components are difficult to interchange. Therefore, it is necessary to improve and optimize the existing fastener system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure to solve the problems of insufficient lateral stability of medium-grade vibration damping fasteners and complex structure of high-grade vibration damping fasteners, as well as the difficulty in interchangeability of components between the two. It aims to build a unified structural system of medium and high-grade vibration damping fasteners, so that the vibration damping levels can be quickly interchanged.

[0008] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] A pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure includes an upper and lower rail pad, an insulating buffer pad, a mounting seat for installing a spring clip, and an anchor bolt for anchoring the fastener. It also includes a vibration damping pad assembly located between the rail pad and the insulating buffer pad, and an elastic cover plate assembly for pressing the vibration damping pad assembly.

[0010] The vibration damping pad assembly includes an upper iron pad, a lower iron pad, an elastic pad, and a connecting assembly for fixing the upper iron pad and the lower iron pad; the lower iron pad has a frame structure, the upper iron pad and the elastic pad are wrapped inside the lower iron pad, and the upper iron pad is located on the elastic pad; the mounting base is located on the upper iron pad.

[0011] The elastic cover plate assembly is fastened by anchor bolts; the elastic cover plate assembly includes a cover plate and an elastic unit located at the bottom of the cover plate; the bottom of the elastic unit is in contact with the upper iron pad plate.

[0012] To address the issues of insufficient lateral stability in existing medium-grade vibration damping fasteners and the complex structure and incompatibility of components in high-grade vibration damping fasteners, this application proposes a pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear-mounted shoulder structure. The rail underplate, insulating buffer pad, mounting base, and anchor bolts are all existing fastener systems. The rail underplate is located at the bottom of the rail, the insulating buffer pad is located between the fastener and the sleeper / track slab, and the anchor bolts are used to engage with threaded sleeves embedded in the track bed foundation to secure the fastener system. This application places a vibration damping pad assembly between the rail underplate and the insulating buffer pad, and uses an elastic cover plate assembly to clamp it.

[0013] Specifically, the vibration damping pad assembly includes a lower rail pad with a frame structure, so that both the upper rail pad and the elastic pad are enclosed within the frame structure of the lower rail pad. The vertical load borne by the upper rail pad is transferred to the elastic pad. The elastic pad and the rail pad together form a dual elastic vibration damping system, which can effectively absorb and isolate wheel-rail vibration, resulting in outstanding vibration reduction and noise reduction performance.

[0014] The resilient cover plate assembly is secured by anchor bolts, which are the existing anchor bolts in the fastening system. The resilient cover plate assembly includes a cover plate and resilient units. The resilient units contact the upper steel pad, achieving resilient clamping of the vibration-damping pad assembly. This clamping structure reliably locks the upper steel pad, preventing the upper and lower steel pads from detaching and causing unloaded operation, while also fully releasing the vibration-damping deformation capacity of the resilient pad, maximizing the vibration-damping effect.

[0015] In addition to the aforementioned structural features, all other components of this fastener (such as elastic clips, insulated gauge blocks, T-bolts, etc.) can adopt mature structures from existing fastener systems and are fully compatible with fasteners used in ordinary sections. Therefore, the fastener interface is fully compatible with existing fasteners (such as WJ-7 / WJ-7CS type ballastless track) and can be customized according to site interface requirements. Furthermore, due to the specific vibration damping pad assembly structure used in this application, the installation height is lower, facilitating vibration damping upgrades of existing lines without altering the underlying track bed foundation. The vibration damping pad assembly of this application can be pre-assembled as a complete unit in the factory, allowing for direct on-site installation or replacement, significantly simplifying on-site procedures and improving laying accuracy and operational efficiency.

[0016] Furthermore, this application allows for flexible switching of vibration reduction levels simply by replacing elastic pads with different stiffnesses. This enables rapid switching between medium and high-level vibration reduction fasteners, which is beneficial for the standardization and serialization of fasteners across the entire line and significantly reduces the types of spare parts and the difficulty of maintenance.

[0017] Furthermore, the lower iron pad includes a frame and shoulders located at both ends of the frame in the lateral direction; the upper iron pad is restricted at both ends in the lateral direction by the shoulders at both ends.

[0018] In this design, the shoulder is placed at the lateral ends of the frame of the lower rail pad. The lateral force of the train is directly borne by the shoulder of the lower rail pad, which has a strong resistance to lateral loads and excellent track gauge maintenance, and can adapt to harsh track conditions such as small radius curves.

[0019] Those skilled in the art should understand that "lateral" in this application refers to the direction perpendicular to the extension of the rail.

[0020] Furthermore, the frame is square, and the shoulder is provided at each of the four corners of the frame; in the horizontal direction, the shoulder is provided with two corresponding limiting posts on the side wall facing the inside of the frame, and a horizontal stop is engaged between the two corresponding limiting posts. The limiting posts are used to limit the vertical displacement of the corresponding horizontal stop, and the horizontal stop is clamped between the upper iron pad and the shoulder.

[0021] In the present solution, the four retaining shoulders arranged in a square distribution provide a more stable block for the upper iron base plate, thereby bearing the transverse load of the train more uniformly and stably. In addition, a transverse stop block is clamped between the upper iron base plate and any retaining shoulder, and the vertical displacement of the transverse stop block is limited by two limiting posts. As a buffer medium between the upper iron base plate and the retaining shoulders, the transverse stop block is mainly responsible for stably transmitting transverse loads, reducing impacts, and realizing electrical insulation between the steel rail and the foundation. For the transverse stop block, its displacement along the extension direction of the steel rail is constrained by the frame and the limiting posts together, its vertical displacement is constrained by the limiting posts, and its transverse displacement is constrained by the upper iron base plate and the retaining shoulders. Therefore, the positional relationship of the transverse stop block is stable, and it can effectively work stably as a force transmission component for transmitting the transverse load of the train.

[0022] Further, the lower iron base plate further comprises a plurality of hollowed areas inside the frame, and the inner wall of the hollowed areas is provided with a skirt; the elastic base plates are in one-to-one correspondence with the hollowed areas and placed on the skirt.

[0023] In the present solution, the shape and size of the elastic base plates correspond to and match with the hollowed areas one by one. Placing the elastic base plates in the corresponding hollowed areas and supporting them through the skirt can complete the installation and positioning of the elastic base plates. The present solution is beneficial for quickly replacing the elastic base plates, thereby realizing flexible switching of vibration reduction levels. In addition, elastic base plates with different stiffnesses can be assembled in different hollowed areas according to specific working condition requirements, thereby further improving the use flexibility and engineering adaptability of the present application.

[0024] Further, there are two hollowed areas, the two hollowed areas are symmetrically distributed along the short axis of the frame, and the two hollowed areas are separated by a cross beam; a first connecting hole for installing the connecting assembly is opened on the cross beam; on the bottom surface of the cross beam, the first connecting hole communicates with the two hollowed areas through a drainage groove.

[0025] In the present solution, the frame is formed into a "日"-shaped structure by the cross beam. The connecting assembly passes through the first connecting hole to fixedly connect the upper iron base plate and the lower iron base plate. The drainage groove functions to prevent water accumulation at the bottom of the fastener.

[0026] Further, a second connecting hole that is directly opposite to the first connecting hole and used for installing the connecting assembly is opened on the surface of the upper iron base plate; the connecting assembly passes through the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole, and fixes the upper iron base plate and the lower iron base plate through threads or clips.

[0027] In the present solution, the connecting assembly passes through the first connecting hole and the second connecting hole to fixedly connect the upper iron base plate and the lower iron base plate. The fixing mode can adopt any threaded connection or clip connection mode that can be realized by those skilled in the art, which is not specifically limited herein, as long as the relative fixation of the upper iron base plate and the lower iron base plate is ensured.

[0028] Furthermore, the surface of the lower iron pad has a straight groove located below the cover plate, and the long axis of the straight groove extends laterally; it also includes an adjusting sleeve for moving within the straight groove, the adjusting sleeve being clamped between the cover plate and the lower iron pad; the anchor bolt passes through the cover plate, the adjusting sleeve and the straight groove sequentially from top to bottom, and is fastened at the top of the cover plate.

[0029] In this solution, the adjustable gauge sleeve can move laterally along the straight groove, allowing the entire fastener to move laterally on the sleeper / track slab, thereby adjusting the track gauge. Compared to existing technologies that can only adjust the track gauge using existing insulated gauge blocks, this solution can adjust the track gauge by combining the adjustable gauge sleeve and the insulated gauge block. The adjustment method is convenient and quick, the positioning is safe and reliable, and it can effectively control the dynamic gauge expansion, ensuring driving safety and stability.

[0030] Furthermore, the elastic unit is a bowl-shaped rubber washer with the bowl facing upwards; the bottom of the rubber washer has a vent hole.

[0031] In this design, the bowl-shaped rubber gasket has its rim facing upwards, i.e., towards the cover plate, and its overall shape is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The bowl-shaped rubber gasket possesses excellent elasticity and durability, fully utilizing the incompressible nature of rubber to generate shear deformation during vertical compression, providing stable elastic clamping pressure. The vent hole at the bottom of the rubber gasket allows internal air to escape during installation compression, preventing air pressure buildup that could affect the gasket's installation reliability and performance consistency.

[0032] Furthermore, there are two sets of elastic cover plate assemblies, which are respectively disposed at both ends of the vibration damping pad assembly, and are used to press the vibration damping pad assembly from both ends to ensure the pressing stability of this application.

[0033] Furthermore, the upper and lower surfaces of the rail pad are provided with several staggered grooves; a through hole is provided in the center of the rail pad; flat parts are provided at both ends of the rail pad and positioning notches are provided on the flat parts, the flat parts are used to install the insulating gauge block, and the positioning notches are used to be engaged with the outside of the mounting base.

[0034] The rail pad acts directly between the rail and the upper rail pad, serving as the primary vibration damping element of the fastening system. This design, through staggered grooves on its upper and lower surfaces, effectively reduces the vertical stiffness of the rail pad while fully utilizing its elastic deformation capacity and damping characteristics, thus helping to control the static stiffness of the rail pad within a set range. The through-hole in the center of the rail pad increases the effective bearing area and stiffness on its outer side, enhancing the fastener's ability to resist rail overturning.

[0035] The positioning notches at both ends of the rail pad are used to engage with the mounting part on the upper rail pad, and to make the top surface of the flat part contact the bottom end of the insulated gauge block, effectively preventing the rail pad from moving longitudinally under train load.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. The present invention provides a pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure. It adopts a specific vibration damping pad assembly structure, which can be integrated and pre-assembled into an integral component in the factory. It can be directly installed or replaced on site, which can greatly simplify the on-site process, improve the laying accuracy and work efficiency. In addition, the fastener interface is fully compatible with existing fasteners and can be customized according to the on-site interface. Moreover, the installation height is lower, which facilitates the vibration damping upgrade of existing lines without changing the underlying track bed foundation.

[0038] 2. The present invention provides a pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure. The elastic pad and the rail pad form a dual elastic vibration damping system, which can effectively absorb and isolate wheel-rail vibration, and has outstanding vibration reduction and noise reduction performance.

[0039] 3. The present invention provides a pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure. Through the contact between the elastic unit and the upper iron pad, the vibration damping pad assembly is elastically clamped. This clamping structure can reliably lock the upper iron pad, preventing the upper and lower iron pads from separating and thus inducing empty hoisting, and can also fully release the vibration damping deformation capacity of the elastic pad, maximizing the vibration damping effect.

[0040] 4. The present invention provides a pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure. By simply replacing the elastic pads with different stiffnesses, the vibration damping level can be flexibly switched. That is, it can quickly switch between medium and high vibration damping fasteners, which is conducive to the standardization and serialization management of fasteners throughout the line and significantly reduces the types of spare parts and the difficulty of maintenance.

[0041] 5. The pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure of the present invention can also be equipped with elastic pads of different stiffness in different hollow areas, which further improves the flexibility of use and engineering adaptability of the present application.

[0042] 6. The present invention provides a pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure. The track gauge is adjusted by combining the adjusting sleeve and the insulating track gauge block. The adjustment method is convenient and quick, and the positioning is safe and reliable. It can effectively control the dynamic track gauge expansion and ensure driving safety and stability. Attached Figure Description

[0043] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0044] Figure 1 This is an installation diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vibration damping pad assembly in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the vibration damping pad assembly in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower iron pad in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the upper iron pad in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the adjusting sleeve in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic cover plate assembly in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rail pad in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection component in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0055] 1- T-bolt, 2-nut, 3-flat washer, 4-elastic strip, 5-insulating gauge block, 6-anchor bolt, 7-heavyweight spring washer, 8-rail pad, 9-elastic cover plate assembly, 10-adjusting sleeve, 11-vibration damping pad assembly, 12-insulating buffer pad, 13-mounting base, 14-rail, 15-sleeper, 16-circular boss, 17-barbed buckle, 18-barb;

[0056] 801 - Groove, 802 - Through hole, 803 - Flat section, 804 - Positioning notch;

[0057] 901 - Cover plate, 902 - Elastic unit;

[0058] 111-Upper iron pad, 112-Lower iron pad, 113-Elastic pad;

[0059] 1111 - Second connecting hole;

[0060] 1121-Frame, 1122-Shoulder, 1123-Limiting post, 1124-Horizontal stop, 1125-Skirt, 1126-Crossbeam, 1127-First connecting hole, 1128-Drainage groove, 1129-Straight groove. Detailed Implementation

[0061] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are for explaining the invention only and are not intended to limit the invention. In the description of this application, it should be understood that terms such as "front," "rear," "left," "right," "upper," "lower," "vertical," "horizontal," "high," "low," "inner," and "outer," indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0062] Example 1:

[0063] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 The pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure shown includes an upper and lower rail pad 8, an insulating buffer pad 12, a mounting base 13 for installing a spring clip 4, an anchor bolt 6 for anchoring the fastener, and existing components such as a T-bolt 1 matching the spring clip 4, a nut 2 matching the T-bolt 1, a flat washer 3, and an insulating gauge block 5. This embodiment also includes a vibration damping pad assembly 11 located between the rail pad 8 and the insulating buffer pad 12, and an elastic cover plate assembly 9 for fastening the vibration damping pad assembly 11.

[0064] The vibration damping pad assembly 11 is as follows Figures 1 to 6 As shown, it includes an upper iron pad 111, a lower iron pad 112, an elastic pad 113, and a connecting assembly for fixing the upper iron pad 111 and the lower iron pad 112; the lower iron pad 112 has a frame structure, the upper iron pad 111 and the elastic pad 113 are wrapped inside the lower iron pad 112, and the upper iron pad 111 is located on the elastic pad 113; the mounting base 13 is located on the upper iron pad 111.

[0065] The frame 1121 is square, and the shoulder 1122 is provided at each of the four corners of the frame 1121. In the horizontal direction, the shoulder 1122 is provided with two corresponding limiting posts 1123 on the side wall facing the inside of the frame 1121. A horizontal stop 1124 is engaged between the two corresponding limiting posts 1123. The limiting posts 1123 are used to limit the vertical displacement of the corresponding horizontal stop 1124, and the horizontal stop 1124 is clamped between the upper iron pad 111 and the shoulder 1122.

[0066] In this embodiment, the top of the limiting post 1123 is at the same height as the shoulder 1122, and the height of the limiting post 1123 is less than the total height of the frame 1121; at the same time, the horizontal stop 1124 has a convex structure, which makes it easy to match with the two limiting posts 1123.

[0067] The lower iron pad 112 also includes several hollow areas located inside the frame 1121, and the inner wall of the hollow area is provided with a skirt 1125; the elastic pad 113 corresponds one-to-one with the hollow area and is placed on the skirt 1125.

[0068] Preferably, a gap of 4mm to 5mm can be reserved between the bottom of the elastic pad 113 and the edge of the hollow area, which ensures both vibration damping space and the overall stability and reliability of the pre-assembled system. The elastic pad 113 is preferably made of polyurethane foam material.

[0069] In this embodiment, there are two hollow areas, which are symmetrically distributed along the short axis of the frame 1121 and separated by a crossbeam 1126. A first connecting hole 1127 for installing the connecting component is provided on the crossbeam 1126. On the bottom surface of the crossbeam 1126, the first connecting hole 1127 is connected to the two hollow areas through a drainage groove 1128.

[0070] Preferably, the crossbeam 1126 passes through the short axis of the frame 1121.

[0071] Preferably, when this application is required to be used as a medium vibration damping fastener, an elastic pad 113 with a static stiffness of 10~15kN / mm is used; when this application is required to be used as a high vibration damping fastener, an elastic pad 113 with a static stiffness of 7~9kN / mm is used.

[0072] Preferably, when this application is used for small radius curves, the elastic pads 113 on the inner and outer sides of the track are designed with different stiffnesses, so that the stiffness of the outer elastic pad 113 is greater than that of the inner elastic pad 113, which is more conducive to ensuring the stability of train operation.

[0073] Preferably, a plurality of drainage grooves 1128 connecting the inside and outside are provided on the bottom surface of the frame 1121 to further improve the water-proof performance of this application.

[0074] The upper iron pad 111 has a second connecting hole 1111 on its surface, which is directly opposite to the first connecting hole 1127 and is used to install the connecting assembly; the connecting assembly passes through the first connecting hole 1127 and the second connecting hole 1111, and is fixed to the upper iron pad 111 and the lower iron pad 112 by threads or buckles.

[0075] The resilient cover assembly 9 is fastened using existing anchor bolts 6 in a conventional fastening system. In this embodiment, the resilient cover assembly 9 is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, it includes a cover plate 901 and an elastic unit 902 located at the bottom of the cover plate 901; the bottom of the elastic unit 902 is in contact with the upper iron pad 111.

[0076] In this embodiment, there are two sets of elastic cover plate assemblies 9, which are respectively disposed at the two ends of the vibration damping pad assembly 11; the elastic unit 902 is a bowl-shaped rubber gasket with the bowl opening facing upward; the bottom end of the rubber gasket has a vent hole of φ1mm~φ2mm.

[0077] In this embodiment, both the upper iron pad 111 and the lower iron pad 112 are made of QT450-10 ductile iron. The shoulder 1122 is 25mm high, and a 16mm wide reinforcing rib is provided on the outside of the shoulder 1122 to ensure strength. The skirt 1125 is 8mm wide. The upper iron pad 111 is 16mm thick and 190mm wide, and its mounting base 13 includes an iron shoulder 40mm high and 90mm wide for mounting the insulating gauge block 5. The transverse stop block 1124 is 10mm~12mm thick.

[0078] The fastener interface of this embodiment is completely compatible with the existing WJ-7 / WJ-7CS type fasteners for ballastless tracks. It can be pre-assembled in the factory and completely replace the existing fasteners without changing the design of the underlying foundation. This can directly upgrade ordinary sections to vibration-damping sections, greatly improving installation accuracy and work efficiency.

[0079] In this embodiment, the vibration damping pad assembly is pre-integrated and pre-assembled as a whole in the factory, and can be directly installed or replaced on site, which greatly simplifies the on-site process and improves the laying accuracy and work efficiency.

[0080] Example 2:

[0081] A pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure, based on embodiment 1, has a straight groove 1129 on the surface of the lower iron pad 112 located below the cover plate 901, the long axis of the straight groove 1129 extending laterally; it also includes an adjusting sleeve 10 for moving within the straight groove 1129, the adjusting sleeve 10 being clamped between the cover plate 901 and the lower iron pad 112; the anchor bolt 6 passes through the cover plate 901, the adjusting sleeve 10 and the straight groove 1129 sequentially from top to bottom, and is fastened at the top of the cover plate 901.

[0082] In this embodiment, the structure of the adjusting sleeve 10 is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, it has a stepped double-layer straight groove structure: the upper part is a 10mm thick and 65mm wide clamping step, and the lower part is an insertion guide section for the anchor bolt 6 to pass through. The insertion guide section is 25mm deep and has an inner diameter of 45mm. The insertion guide section of the adjusting sleeve 10 is inserted into the straight groove 1129, and the clamping step is used to clamp the top of the straight groove 1129, so that the adjusting sleeve 10 cannot pass through the straight groove 1129 as a whole.

[0083] In a more preferred embodiment, the inner hole of the adjusting sleeve 10 adopts a stepped countersunk hole structure, with an upper diameter of φ32mm and a height of approximately 20mm, and a lower diameter of φ31mm, for the shank of the anchor bolt 6 to pass through. This design can effectively reduce the lever arm of the anchor bolt 6, reduce the bending stress at the root, and significantly extend the service life of the bolt.

[0084] In this embodiment, the cover plate 901 is made of QT450-10 ductile iron, and is shaped like a concave "U" with a thickness of 13mm. The contour of the concave "U" cover plate 901 is adapted to the edge pressing area of ​​the upper iron pad plate. A φ31mm round hole is opened in the middle corresponding to the position of the anchor bolt 6 for inserting the anchor bolt 6 and fastening it to the track bed foundation. Each end of the cover plate 901 has a side lug with a width of about 40mm extending forward. A round hole with a diameter of about φ28mm and a depth of 8mm is opened at the bottom of the side lug for embedding the elastic unit 902.

[0085] The adjusting sleeve 10 of this application works in conjunction with the straight groove 1129 and the anchor bolt 6:

[0086] When adjusting the track gauge, the adjusting sleeve 10 moves laterally within the straight groove 1129 for positioning. The anchor bolt 6 passes through the inner hole of the adjusting sleeve 10 and is then tightened to the concrete foundation, thus completing the precise setting and reliable locking of the track gauge.

[0087] As the cover plate 901 tightens the anchor bolts 6, it gradually compresses the elastic unit 902. After installation, the compression deformation of the elastic unit 902 is 4mm~6mm. At this time, the clamping force of a single elastic unit 902 on the upper iron pad is about 2kN~3kN. This clamping force ensures that the upper iron pad does not detach vertically under repeated train loads, and also fully releases the vibration damping deformation capacity of the elastic pad 113 through the elastic clamping method, maximizing the vibration damping and noise reduction effect of the fastening system.

[0088] In a more preferred embodiment, a heavy-duty spring washer 7 is fitted under the nut of the anchor bolt 6 to compensate for the preload force by its elastic deformation, thereby preventing the anchor bolt 6 from loosening due to train vibration and ensuring reliable connection.

[0089] Example 3:

[0090] A pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure, based on embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the rail pad 8 is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, several staggered grooves 801 are opened on the upper and lower surfaces; a through hole 802 is opened in the center of the rail pad 8; flat parts 803 are provided at both ends of the rail pad 8 in the lateral direction, and positioning notches 804 are opened on the flat parts 803. The flat parts 803 are used to receive the bottom end of the insulating gauge block 5, and the positioning notches 804 are used to be locked on the outside of the mounting base 13.

[0091] In this embodiment, the rail pad 8 is made of high-damping rubber material. By utilizing the viscoelastic properties of rubber, the vibration energy in the wheel-rail contact area is converted into heat energy for dissipation, thereby achieving vibration attenuation. Combined with the vibration isolation effect of the elastic pad 113, a dual vibration reduction mechanism of "damping energy dissipation + elastic vibration isolation" is formed.

[0092] Preferably, the rail pad 8 is 10mm thick, with 6 grooves 4-5mm wide and 3mm deep on the upper surface along the rail direction, and 7 grooves of the same specification on the lower surface, with the upper and lower grooves staggered; the static stiffness of the rail pad 8 is controlled within the range of 50-60kN / mm.

[0093] Preferably, the diameter of the through hole 802 is φ50~60mm.

[0094] In this embodiment, the insulating buffer pad 12 is located at the bottom of the lower iron pad 112, serving the dual functions of shock absorption and electrical insulation. The insulating buffer pad 12 is made of rubber or polyethylene material, featuring high rigidity, high coefficient of friction, and high strength. The high coefficient of friction effectively prevents the vibration damping pad assembly 11 from slipping, and the high rigidity ensures that excessive compression deformation does not occur under load conditions, thus guaranteeing the overall stability of the fastener system.

[0095] Preferably, the thickness of the insulating buffer pad 12 is 2mm to 6mm. By replacing the insulating buffer pads with different thicknesses, a negative adjustment range of 0 to -4mm in rail height can be achieved, providing a convenient means of adjusting the height for track maintenance.

[0096] Preferably, the insulating buffer pad 12 extends outward by about 4-6 mm in each direction from the lower iron pad 112, effectively isolating the metal parts from electrical contact with the track bed foundation and ensuring that the insulation performance of the fastener system meets the requirements of the track circuit.

[0097] Example 4:

[0098] A pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure, based on any of embodiments 1 to 3, this embodiment provides a specific structure for a connecting assembly used to fix the upper iron pad 111 and the lower iron pad 112.

[0099] The connection component in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 10 As shown, the top is a circular boss 16, and several arc-shaped barbed buckles 17 extend from the bottom of the circular boss 16. The bottom end of each barbed buckle 17 is provided with a barb 18. The diameters of the first connecting hole 1127 and the second connecting hole 1111 are matched with the connecting assembly, so that the barbed buckles 17 can pass through the first connecting hole 1127 and the second connecting hole 1111, while the circular boss 16 cannot pass through the second connecting hole 1111.

[0100] When installing the connecting component of this embodiment, each barbed buckle 17 is pressed inward to insert it into the second connecting hole 1111, and then pressed down until the circular boss 16 is abutted against the outside of the second connecting hole 1111. At this time, the barbs 18 of each barbed buckle 17 pass through the first connecting hole 1127, open outward and reset, and automatically lock by hooking the bottom outer side of the first connecting hole 1127 with several barbs 18.

[0101] Preferably, the circular boss 16 is 5mm thick and φ42mm in diameter; there are four barbed buckles 17, and there is a gap between two adjacent barbed buckles 17.

[0102] Preferably, a plurality of arc-shaped barbed buckles 17 surround to form a sleeve structure; in the natural state, the outer diameter of the sleeve structure is 2mm to 3mm smaller than the diameter of the second connecting hole 1111, so that during service, each barbed buckle 17 only serves as a pre-assembly connection and does not bear any lateral or vertical loads, thus avoiding fatigue damage.

[0103] Example 5:

[0104] This embodiment uses a different connecting component than Embodiment 4, but the rest of the structure is exactly the same. Specifically, the connecting component in this embodiment adopts a standard threaded pair structure of "screw + nut":

[0105] A cylindrical screw is inserted through the second connecting hole 1111 and into the first connecting hole 1127. A nut that matches the cylindrical screw is installed from the bottom of the lower iron plate into the first connecting hole 1127 for tightening.

[0106] Preferably, the bottom of the first connecting hole 1127 is set as an internal hexagon countersunk hole, and the nut is a hexagonal nut that matches the internal hexagon countersunk hole, which is used to prevent the nut from rotating when the screw is tightened.

[0107] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0108] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Additionally, the term "connection" as used herein, unless otherwise specified, can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection via other components.

Claims

1. A pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure, comprising an upper and lower rail pad (8), an insulating buffer pad (12), a mounting seat (13) for installing a spring clip (4), and anchor bolts (6) for anchoring the fastener, characterized in that, It also includes a vibration damping pad assembly (11) located between the rail pad (8) and the insulating buffer pad (12), and an elastic cover assembly (9) for fastening the vibration damping pad assembly (11). The vibration damping pad assembly (11) includes an upper iron pad (111), a lower iron pad (112), an elastic pad (113), and a connecting assembly for fixing the upper iron pad (111) and the lower iron pad (112); the lower iron pad (112) has a frame structure, the upper iron pad (111) and the elastic pad (113) are wrapped inside the lower iron pad (112), and the upper iron pad (111) is located on the elastic pad (113); the mounting base (13) is located on the upper iron pad (111); The elastic cover plate assembly (9) is fastened by anchor bolts (6); the elastic cover plate assembly (9) includes a cover plate (901) and an elastic unit (902) located at the bottom of the cover plate (901); the bottom of the elastic unit (902) is in contact with the upper iron pad (111).

2. The pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower iron pad (112) includes a frame (1121) and shoulders (1122) located at both ends of the frame (1121) in the lateral direction; the upper iron pad (111) is restricted at both ends of the lateral direction by the shoulders (1122) at both ends.

3. The pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The frame (1121) is square, and the shoulder (1122) is provided at each of the four corners of the frame (1121). Along the horizontal direction, the shoulder (1122) is provided with two corresponding limiting posts (1123) on the side wall facing the inside of the frame (1121). A horizontal stop (1124) is locked between the two corresponding limiting posts (1123). The limiting posts (1123) are used to limit the vertical displacement of the corresponding horizontal stop (1124), and the horizontal stop (1124) is clamped between the upper iron pad (111) and the shoulder (1122).

4. The pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lower iron pad (112) also includes several hollow areas located inside the frame (1121), and the inner wall of the hollow area is provided with a skirt (1125); the elastic pad (113) corresponds to the hollow area and is placed on the skirt (1125).

5. A pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, There are two hollow areas, which are symmetrically distributed along the short axis of the frame (1121) and separated by a crossbeam (1126). A first connecting hole (1127) for installing the connecting component is opened on the crossbeam (1126). On the bottom surface of the crossbeam (1126), the first connecting hole (1127) is connected to the two hollow areas through a drainage groove (1128).

6. A pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The upper iron pad (111) has a second connecting hole (1111) that is directly opposite to the first connecting hole (1127) and is used to install the connecting assembly; the connecting assembly passes through the first connecting hole (1127) and the second connecting hole (1111), and is fixed to the upper iron pad (111) and the lower iron pad (112) by threads or buckles.

7. A pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the lower iron pad (112) is provided with a straight groove (1129) located below the cover plate (901), and the long axis of the straight groove (1129) extends laterally; it also includes an adjusting sleeve (10) for moving within the straight groove (1129), the adjusting sleeve (10) being clamped between the cover plate (901) and the lower iron pad (112); the anchor bolt (6) passes through the cover plate (901), the adjusting sleeve (10) and the straight groove (1129) from top to bottom, and is fastened at the top of the cover plate (901).

8. A pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic unit (902) is a bowl-shaped rubber gasket with the bowl facing upwards; the bottom of the rubber gasket has a vent hole.

9. A pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic cover plate assembly (9) consists of two sets, which are respectively located at the two transverse ends of the vibration damping pad assembly (11).

10. A pre-assembled vibration damping fastener with a rear shoulder structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper and lower surfaces of the rail pad (8) are provided with a plurality of staggered grooves (801); the center of the rail pad (8) is provided with a through hole (802); the two transverse ends of the rail pad (8) are provided with a flat part (803) and a positioning notch (804) provided on the flat part (803). The flat part (803) is used to install the insulating gauge block (5), and the positioning notch (804) is used to be locked on the outside of the mounting base (13).

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