An ecological restoration method based on river water plants

Abstract

The application discloses an ecological restoration method based on river water plants, which comprises the following steps: cleaning a river in a construction area, constructing a river bottom foundation, constructing a pedestrian platform on both sides of the river bottom foundation, forming a planting waterway between the pedestrian platforms on both sides, putting prefabricated planting blocks into the planting waterway on both sides, the top surface of the prefabricated planting blocks being lower than the pedestrian platform, planting submerged plants in the planting waterway and the prefabricated planting blocks, and installing a protection structure based on the prefabricated planting blocks, removing the protection structure and paving the prefabricated planting blocks after the submerged plants grow and are rooted. Based on the formed planting waterway, the submerged plants can be planted, the water quality can be purified by using the submerged plants, and the ecological restoration of the river is realized. When in a non-flood period, the water in the river flows in the planting waterway, so that the planting waterway can have a large water depth, the submerged plants can be prevented from being exposed to the air due to shallow water, the normal growth of the submerged plants is ensured, and the river landscape is beneficial to be constructed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological restoration technology for rivers, and in particular to an ecological restoration method based on aquatic plants in rivers. Background Technology

[0002] In some cities and suburbs, waterways serve to connect upstream areas and facilitate flood discharge during periods of heavy rainfall. Large amounts of rainwater from surface and underground pipe networks flow into these waterways for flood control. In some areas, waterways suffer from excessive pollution or poor ecological conditions, necessitating ecological restoration projects. Generally, ecological restoration includes sludge removal and planting aquatic plants. Sludge removal removes polluted, black, and smelly riverbed silt, while planting aquatic plants (such as submerged plants) restores the water's ecosystem and creates a scenic river landscape. Some ecological restoration projects also introduce fish species suitable for the local environment into the waterways to aid in aquatic ecosystem restoration and enhance biodiversity.

[0003] These waterways, which serve to discharge rainwater into surface and underground pipe networks and facilitate flood control, require the ability to handle large volumes of water in short periods. Therefore, when land conditions permit, the waterways are often modified to create wide riverbeds, allowing water to flow across the entire riverbed. However, these waterways are mostly in the off-season (flood season) and during flood discharge periods. At these times, the water depth is very shallow, making it easy for planted submerged plants to emerge above the water surface, affecting their growth and even causing them to die. This also hinders the creation of a scenic waterway landscape. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants, which can increase the water depth in the growth area of ​​submerged plants in the river, thus facilitating the growth of submerged plants.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, an ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants is provided, comprising: The river channel in the construction area was cleared, and the riverbed foundation was constructed. Pedestrian platforms are constructed on both sides of the riverbed foundation. The outer side of the pedestrian platforms is connected to the sidewall of the river channel, and a planting waterway is formed between the two pedestrian platforms. Precast planting blocks are placed on both sides of the planting channel; the top surface of the precast planting blocks is lower than the walkway surface; Submerged plants are planted in the water channels and prefabricated planting blocks, and protective structures are installed based on the prefabricated planting blocks; After the submerged plants have established their roots, the protective structure is removed and prefabricated planting blocks are laid.

[0006] According to the ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants, the process of cleaning the river in the construction area and constructing the riverbed foundation includes: constructing a dam in the upper reaches of the river to expose the riverbed and dredging the silt in the river; then excavating the middle part of the riverbed to lower the elevation of the middle part of the riverbed, and flatly piling the excavated soil and rocks on both sides of the riverbed to form a cushion layer.

[0007] According to the ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants, the construction of pedestrian platforms on both sides of the riverbed foundation includes: compacting the subbase, then laying concrete on the surface and sides of the subbase, and after the concrete has cured, laying a first surface material board or carving anti-slip grooves on its surface.

[0008] According to the ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants, the top surface of the prefabricated planting block is recessed with an installation groove, and the front side of the bottom surface of the installation groove is provided with a planting cavity connecting the bottom surface and the front side of the prefabricated planting block. The rear side of the bottom surface of the installation groove is provided with a water passage, which connects the planting cavity and the rear side of the prefabricated planting block. One side of the prefabricated planting block is provided with a protrusion, and the other side is provided with a groove. The thickness of the protrusion is greater than the depth of the groove. The side wall of the protrusion is provided with a water passage that runs through the prefabricated planting block and the water passage runs through the water passage.

[0009] According to the ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants, placing prefabricated planting blocks on both sides of the planting waterway includes: placing multiple prefabricated planting blocks sequentially on both sides of the planting waterway, inserting the protrusions of adjacent prefabricated planting blocks into the grooves and abutting against the inner wall of the grooves, and forming a positioning groove in the shape of a figure 7 between the outer walls of adjacent prefabricated planting blocks; and forming a water flow channel based on the combination of planting cavity, water channel and water passage in the prefabricated planting block.

[0010] According to the ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants, the planting of submerged plants in the planting waterway and the prefabricated planting block includes: planting aquatic plant seedlings in a first permeable container and a second permeable container respectively; placing the first permeable container at the bottom of the planting waterway and laying stones in the planting waterway to press down on the first permeable container; filling the bottom of the planting cavity with planting mud, placing the second permeable container in the planting cavity and on the planting mud, and pressing stones down on the second permeable container; the top of the permeable container is not higher than the bottom surface of the water channel.

[0011] According to the ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants, the protective structure based on prefabricated planting blocks includes: configuring a second face panel, the tail end of which is adapted to a positioning groove; inserting the second face panel into the positioning groove, the front end of which protrudes forward from the front side of the prefabricated planting block; and forming a slow-flow zone between adjacent second face panels on both sides of the planting waterway.

[0012] According to the ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants, the removal of the protective structure and the installation of prefabricated planting blocks include: taking the second face panel out of the positioning groove, and then fixing the second face panel in the installation groove with the tail end facing forward, with the top surface of the second face panel flush with the top surface of the prefabricated planting block.

[0013] Beneficial effects: Based on the formed planting waterway, submerged plants can be planted, and the submerged plants can purify the water quality and achieve the ecological restoration of the river. During the non-flood season, the water in the river flows into the planting waterway, which has a greater water depth. This prevents submerged plants from being exposed due to shallow water, ensuring their normal growth and contributing to the creation of a river landscape. The planting cavity, water channel and water passage formed in the prefabricated planting block can form a hidden water flow channel. Fish released into the river can live in this water flow channel, avoiding the impact of excessively high water temperature on fish survival in the hot summer, and preventing a large number of fish from being washed away during the flood season. Based on the normal water level of the planting waterway during the non-flood season, the height of the prefabricated planting blocks within the planting waterway can be set so that the river water can submerge the prefabricated planting blocks, forming a waterfront landscape walkway on the prefabricated planting blocks and enriching the landscape effect of the river.

[0014] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments; Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the river channel; Figure 3 This is an overhead view of the river channel; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a prefabricated planting block. Detailed Implementation

[0016] This section will describe in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the drawings is to supplement the textual description with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and overall technical solution of the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0018] Reference Figure 1-4 This invention discloses an ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants, which includes the following steps: The river channel in the construction area was cleared, and the riverbed foundation was constructed. Pedestrian platforms are constructed on both sides of the riverbed foundation, with the outer side of the pedestrian platforms connected to the river sidewall, and a planting waterway is formed between the two pedestrian platforms. Precast planting blocks 10 are placed on both sides of the planting channel; the top surface of the precast planting blocks 10 is lower than the pedestrian platform. Submerged plants are planted in the planting channels and in the prefabricated planting blocks 10, and a protective structure is installed on the prefabricated planting blocks 10 to protect the submerged plants in the prefabricated planting blocks 10. After the submerged plants have grown and settled, the protective structure is removed and the prefabricated planting blocks 10 are laid.

[0019] In the above scheme, the formed planting waterway can be used to plant submerged plants, which can purify the water and achieve ecological restoration of the river. During the non-flood season, the water in the river is concentrated in the planting waterway, which can have a greater water depth, preventing the submerged plants from being exposed due to shallow water, ensuring the normal growth of the submerged plants, and contributing to the construction of the river landscape.

[0020] The specific operations involved in clearing the river channel and constructing the riverbed foundation in the construction area include: constructing a dam upstream to expose the riverbed; dredging the silt from the riverbed (the silt is transported away for ecological treatment, such as incineration or composting); leveling the riverbed after silt removal; excavating the middle section of the riverbed to lower its elevation; and then evenly piling the excavated soil and rocks on both sides of the riverbed to form a cushion layer. In addition, some projects also involve constructing brick or concrete retaining walls along the riverbanks. This step involves constructing the riverbed to establish its general shape, laying the foundation for subsequent construction.

[0021] The steps for constructing pedestrian platforms on both sides of the riverbed foundation include: compacting the subgrade, then laying concrete on the surface and sides of the subgrade, extending the concrete to the riverbank; after the concrete has cured, laying a first facing panel or carving anti-slip grooves on its surface to construct the pedestrian platform. The first facing panel can be made of stone. During the non-high-water season, the pedestrian platform is higher than the water level, allowing people to walk on it without getting their shoes wet.

[0022] In this embodiment of the invention, the top surface of the precast planting block 10 is recessed with an installation groove 11. The front side of the bottom surface of the installation groove 11 is provided with a planting cavity 12 that connects the bottom surface of the precast planting block 10 and the front side surface of the precast planting block 10. The rear side of the bottom surface of the installation groove 11 is provided with a water channel 13 that connects the planting cavity 12 and the rear side surface of the precast planting block 10. One side of the precast planting block 10 is provided with a protrusion 14 and the other side is provided with a groove 15. The thickness of the protrusion 14 is greater than the depth of the groove 15. The side wall of the protrusion 14 is provided with a water channel 16 that passes through the precast planting block 10 and the water channel 16 passes through the water channel 13.

[0023] Based on the above structure, the step of placing prefabricated planting blocks 10 on both sides of the planting channel specifically includes: placing multiple prefabricated planting blocks 10 sequentially on both sides of the planting channel, that is, arranging one row of prefabricated planting blocks 10 on each side of the planting channel, and connecting the prefabricated planting blocks 10 to the side wall of the walkway; in each row, the protrusion 14 of adjacent prefabricated planting blocks 10 is inserted into the groove 15 and abuts against the inner wall of the groove 15, and a 7-shaped positioning groove 17 is formed between the outer walls of adjacent prefabricated planting blocks 10, with the front and top of the positioning groove 17 open. In addition, the water passages of the multiple prefabricated planting blocks on both sides of the planting channel are connected sequentially, and the planting cavity, water passage, and water passage formed in the prefabricated planting blocks can form a hidden water flow channel, in which fish released into the channel can inhabit.

[0024] The steps of planting submerged plants within the planting channels and prefabricated planting blocks 10 specifically include: Aquatic plant seedlings were planted in the first and second permeable containers, respectively. Place the first permeable container at the bottom of the planting channel, and lay stones in the planting channel, pressing the stones down onto the first permeable container. A layer of planting mud is filled at the bottom of the planting cavity 12. The second permeable container is placed inside the planting cavity 12 and on the planting mud. Stones are pressed on the second permeable container. Based on the stones pressing the second permeable container into the planting mud and the second permeable container being deformed by compression, the top of the permeable container is not higher than the bottom surface of the water channel 13.

[0025] After the riverbed is excavated and the elevation lowered, the bottom of the planting channel will be exposed, resulting in insufficient soil for submerged plants to grow. Therefore, aquatic plants can be planted using stones as a base. During later maintenance, the silt in the river will gradually settle at the bottom of the planting channel, forming a silt layer of a certain thickness. This silt layer and the gaps between the stones can provide space for the aquatic plants in the first permeable container to grow. Since the planting cavity 12 has limited sediment, it is pre-filled with planting mud to support the growth of aquatic plants in the second permeable container. Furthermore, the open top of the planting cavity 12 allows the submerged plants to absorb sunlight for growth, and as the plants grow longer, they can extend beyond the planting cavity 12.

[0026] The second permeable container can be a frame or bag structure made of branches or other biodegradable materials, filled with coconut fiber, soil, or similar components. The stones used for weighting should not be too large or too small, to avoid damaging the roots of aquatic plants or restricting their growth, or to prevent small stones from being washed away by water.

[0027] The steps of installing the protective structure based on the prefabricated planting block 10 specifically include: configuring a second faceplate 20, the tail end of which is also shaped like a "7" to fit the positioning groove 17; inserting the second faceplate 20 into the positioning groove 17, the front end of which protrudes forward from the front side of the prefabricated planting block 10; and combining the second faceplate 20 and the positioning groove 17 of the prefabricated planting block 10 to form the protective structure. Based on this structure, a slow-flow zone can be formed between adjacent second faceplates 20 on both sides of the planting water channel, reducing the water flow from washing away the planting mud in the planting cavity 12 and ensuring the normal growth of aquatic plants in the planting cavity 12.

[0028] After the aquatic plants have been planted for a period of time, they have grown and established roots, allowing for subsequent construction. Specifically, the steps of removing the protective structure and installing the prefabricated planting blocks 10 include: removing the second facing panel 20 from the positioning groove 17, arranging the aquatic plants in the planting cavity 12, placing the branches extending to the water channel 13 forward into the planting channel, and then fixing the second facing panel 20 in the installation groove 11 with its tail end facing forward, the top surface of the second facing panel 20 being flush with the top surface of the prefabricated planting block 10. The second facing panel 20 can be made of stone or concrete.

[0029] During the non-flood season and flood season, the river channel can be opened to the public, allowing people to walk and play in it. In the above scheme, the width and depth of the planting waterway, as well as the elevation of the prefabricated planting blocks 10, are designed based on the river's flow rate during the non-flood season. The effective flow area of ​​the planting waterway ensures that the normal water level during the non-flood season is higher than the prefabricated planting blocks 10 but lower than the pedestrian platform, allowing the river water to submerge the prefabricated planting blocks 10, forming a waterfront promenade on them, where people can walk and wade in the water.

[0030] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants, characterized in that, include: The river channel in the construction area was cleared, and the riverbed foundation was constructed. Pedestrian platforms are constructed on both sides of the riverbed foundation. The outer side of the pedestrian platforms is connected to the sidewall of the river channel, and a planting waterway is formed between the two pedestrian platforms. Precast planting blocks are placed on both sides of the planting channel; the top surface of the precast planting blocks is lower than the walkway surface; Submerged plants are planted in the water channels and prefabricated planting blocks, and protective structures are installed based on the prefabricated planting blocks; After the submerged plants have established their roots, the protective structure is removed and prefabricated planting blocks are laid.

2. The ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dredging of the river channel in the construction area and the construction of the riverbed foundation include: A dam is constructed upstream to expose the riverbed, and the silt in the river channel is dredged. Then, the middle part of the riverbed is excavated to lower the elevation of the middle part of the riverbed. The excavated soil and rocks are piled flat on both sides of the riverbed to form a cushion layer.

3. The ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants according to claim 2, characterized in that, The construction of pedestrian platforms on both sides of the riverbed foundation includes: The cushion layer is compacted, and then concrete is laid on the surface and sides of the cushion layer. After the concrete has cured, a first surface material board is laid on its surface or anti-slip grooves are engraved.

4. The ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top surface of the precast planting block is recessed with an installation groove. The front side of the bottom surface of the installation groove is provided with a planting cavity that connects the bottom surface and the front side of the precast planting block. The rear side of the bottom surface of the installation groove is provided with a water channel that connects the planting cavity and the rear side of the precast planting block. One side of the precast planting block is provided with a protrusion, and the other side is provided with a groove. The thickness of the protrusion is greater than the depth of the groove. The side wall of the protrusion is provided with a water channel that passes through the precast planting block and the water channel passes through the water channel.

5. The ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants according to claim 4, characterized in that, The placement of prefabricated planting blocks on both sides of the planting water channel includes: Multiple prefabricated planting blocks are placed sequentially on both sides of the planting water channel. The protrusions of adjacent prefabricated planting blocks are inserted into the grooves and abut against the inner wall of the grooves. A positioning groove in the shape of a figure 7 is formed between the outer walls of adjacent prefabricated planting blocks. A water flow channel is formed by combining the planting cavity, water channel and water channel in the prefabricated planting block.

6. The ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants according to claim 5, characterized in that, The planting of submerged plants within the planting waterways and prefabricated planting blocks includes: Aquatic plant seedlings were planted in the first and second permeable containers, respectively. Place the first permeable container at the bottom of the planting channel, and lay stones in the planting channel to weigh down the first permeable container; Fill the bottom of the planting cavity with planting mud, place the second permeable container inside the planting cavity and on the planting mud, and press stones on the second permeable container; the top of the permeable container should not be higher than the bottom of the water channel.

7. The ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants according to claim 6, characterized in that, The protective structure based on prefabricated planting blocks includes: A second faceplate is configured, the tail end of which is adapted to the positioning groove; Insert the second panel into the positioning groove, with the front end of the second panel protruding forward from the front side of the precast planting block; a slow-water zone is formed between adjacent second panels on both sides of the planting water channel.

8. The ecological restoration method based on river aquatic plants according to claim 7, characterized in that, Removing the protective structure and laying the precast planting blocks includes: Remove the second panel from the positioning groove, and then fix the second panel in the installation groove with its tail end pointing forward, so that the top surface of the second panel is flush with the top surface of the precast planting block.

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